JP2003021308A - Multi-fluid injection device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a multi-fluid injection device which stably supplies fuel, steam and air to a reformer at the time of starting. SOLUTION: The multi-fluid injection device is provided with; an injection valve having a first nozzle hole (1a) for injecting fuel, a second nozzle hole (1b) for injecting steam, and a third nozzle hole (1c) for injecting air; a fuel channel (3) for supplying fuel to the first hole (1a); a steam channel (4) for supplying steam to the second hole (1b); an air channel (5) for supplying air to the third hole (1c); a bypass (19) for allowing communication between the steam channel (4) and the air channel (5); first control valves (20, 21) for controlling communication between the bypass (19), the steam channel (4) and the air channel (5); a means (28) for heating air that flows through the air channel (5); and a controller (27) for controlling the heating means (28) and the valves (20, 21).

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a multi-fluid injection device for injecting a plurality of fuels, and in particular, for injecting hydrocarbon fuel, water and air into a reformer for reforming fuel, for example hydrocarbon fuel. The present invention relates to improvement of a multi-fluid ejection device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A fuel reformed gas engine operates by reforming fuel with a reforming catalyst to generate hydrogen (hereinafter, H2) rich reformed gas and supplying the reformed gas to the engine. It is a thing. The reformed gas supplied to this engine is a gas fuel containing H2 and CO as main components, and the engine characteristics are characteristics close to those of a hydrogen engine, that is, the lean combustion limit is high, and stable operation is possible even in the lean region. At the same time, the engine has a characteristic that both NOx emissions are small and high efficiency is compatible.

Further, the fuel cell reforms the fuel with a reforming catalyst or the like to produce a H2-rich reformed gas as in the fuel reforming engine, and supplies the reformed gas to the anode electrode to produce H2. The gas is ionized and permeates, for example, the solid polymer electrolyte membrane, whereby electric energy is obtained outside the fuel cell. Similarly, the technology for reforming the fuel is extremely important for both the fuel reformed gas engine and the fuel cell.

Hereinafter, the reforming of fuel will be described by taking a reformed gas engine as an example.
It is divided into two, one is a steam reforming reaction and the other is a partial oxidation reaction.

The steam reforming reaction can be represented by the following equation.

[0006]

[Formula 1] At the same time, the following reactions occur.

[0007]

[Formula 2]

[0008]

[Formula 3] Here, when the atmospheric temperature in which the reforming reaction is carried out is maintained at a high temperature, the reaction is mainly promoted by the equation (1), and the H2 and CO concentrations in the reformed gas increase. On the other hand, when the ambient temperature is low, the reactions of formulas (2) and (3) are promoted, the H2 and CO concentrations in the reformed gas are lowered, and the methane and water concentrations are increased instead.

The reaction of the formula (1) is an endothermic reaction, and in order to cause this reaction, a heat source for supplying heat is required, and the calorific value of the reformed gas is that of the fuel before reforming. It will increase more than the amount.

On the other hand, the partial oxidation reaction is represented by the following equation by adjusting the amounts of hydrocarbon fuel and air.

[0011]

[Formula 4] This reaction is an exothermic reaction, and contrary to the reaction of the above formula (1), the calorific value of the reformed gas is smaller than the calorific value of the fuel before reforming. Further, the amount of H2 produced by the partial oxidation reaction of the formula (4) is smaller than the amount of H2 produced by the steam reforming reaction of the formula (1), and the reforming efficiency is lowered.

The reformed form of the fuel reformed gas engine system requires the supply of steam for the steam reforming reaction and the supply of the air for the partial oxidation reaction according to the operating conditions of the engine. There is, for example, a multi-fluid injection device that can inject fuel, water, and air as described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-002404.

[0013]

However, in this conventional multi-fluid injection device, the vicinity of the injection port of the passage through which water vapor is introduced because the device itself and the heat exchanger are not sufficiently heated at the time of starting. When the temperature is low, the water vapor supplied to the injection port is condensed, and the water vapor is injected with the water droplets included in the water vapor, and the water droplets are mixed in the mixture of fuel and air. If water droplets are mixed in the mixture of fuel, air, and water vapor, the water droplets will not be uniform in size and dispersion form, which will hinder the uniform dispersion of fuel, which will deteriorate reforming efficiency and the temperature of water droplets will rise rapidly. However, there is a possibility that a problem that the reforming reaction becomes unstable due to the evaporation of the carbon dioxide occurs.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a multi-fluid ejecting apparatus which solves the above problems.

[0015]

A first invention is a multi-fluid injection device having an injection valve for supplying the fuel, air and steam to a reformer for producing a reformed gas from a hydrocarbon fuel, The injection valve includes a first injection port for injecting fuel, a second injection port for injecting water vapor, and a third injection port for injecting air, and a fuel flow path for supplying fuel to the first injection port, and the second injection port. A bypass flow passage, which is provided with a steam flow passage for supplying steam to the injection port and an air flow passage for supplying air to the third injection port, and which connects the steam flow passage and the air flow passage, and the bypass flow passage. A first control valve for controlling communication between the water vapor flow path and the air flow path, means for heating air flowing through the air flow path, and a controller for controlling the heating means and the first control valve were provided. .

In a second aspect based on the first aspect, the controller heats the air by the heating means when the start of the multi-fluid ejecting device is confirmed, and the heated air is supplied to the second injection port and the second ejection port. It controls so that it may be ejected from three ejection ports.

In a third aspect based on the second aspect, the controller is configured so that the amount of air injected from the second injection port increases as the temperature of the multi-fluid injection device decreases.
The first control valve is controlled so that the amount of water vapor injected from the injection port is reduced.

In a fourth aspect based on the third aspect, the temperature of the multi-fluid injection device is the temperature of water vapor injected from the second injection port.

In a fifth aspect based on the first aspect, a water flow path communicating with the fuel flow path and supplying water to the fuel flow path,
A second control valve for controlling the amount of water supplied to the fuel flow path.

In a sixth aspect based on the fifth aspect, the controller controls the second control valve so that water is supplied from the water flow passage to the fuel flow passage when the multi-fluid injection device is in a predetermined temperature range.

In a seventh aspect based on the sixth aspect, the controller is configured such that the amount of air injected from the second injection port increases as the temperature of the multi-fluid injection device decreases.
The first control valve is controlled so that the amount of water vapor injected from the nozzle is reduced, and the upper limit temperature of the predetermined temperature range is that the heat quantity of the water vapor injected from the second nozzle is necessary for the reforming reaction in the reformer. It is a temperature at which a certain amount of heat is obtained.

In an eighth aspect based on the sixth aspect, the lower limit temperature of the predetermined temperature range is such that the heat quantity of the air injected from the second or third nozzle is the heat quantity necessary for the reforming reaction in the reformer. Is the temperature at which

In a ninth aspect based on any one of the first to eighth aspects, a first heat exchanger for vaporizing water into water vapor is provided in the water vapor flow passage, and the controller is the first heat exchanger.
The supply of water vapor to the water vapor flow path is controlled according to the temperature of the water vapor discharged from the heat exchanger.

A tenth aspect of the present invention is the fuel cell system according to any one of the first to eighth aspects, further comprising a third control valve for controlling a flow rate of air injected from the third injection port, wherein the controller is a multi-fluid injection device. The third control valve is controlled so that the higher the temperature, the smaller the amount of air injected from the third injection port.

An eleventh invention is the tenth invention, wherein
The temperature of the multi-fluid injection device is the temperature of the heat medium of the first heat exchanger.

In a twelfth aspect of the present invention according to any one of the first to eleventh aspects, a second heat exchanger for heating air is provided in the air passage, and the controller is discharged from the second heat exchanger. The heating means is controlled based on the temperature of the air to be heated.

[0027]

According to the first aspect of the invention, the heating means is used to heat the air in the multi-fluid ejecting apparatus, and the steam is supplied after the temperature of the multi-fluid ejecting apparatus is raised by the heated air. It is possible to prevent water vapor from condensing into water droplets when supplied to the.

In the second aspect of the present invention, the start of the multi-fluid injection device is confirmed, and the air heated by the heating means is injected from the second injection port and the third injection port, so the temperature of the second injection port from which steam is injected rises. However, it is possible to reliably prevent the steam from condensing when the steam is supplied.

In the third invention, the first amount of air is increased so that the amount of air injected from the second nozzle increases as the temperature of the multi-fluid injector decreases, and the amount of water vapor injected from the second nozzle decreases. Since the control valve is controlled, it is possible to effectively prevent the formation of water droplets due to the condensation of the steam when the steam is injected.

In the fourth aspect of the invention, the temperature of the multi-fluid injection device is the temperature of the water vapor injected from the second injection port.
It is possible to accurately grasp the possibility of condensation of water vapor when the water vapor is injected and to control it more efficiently.

According to a fifth aspect of the invention, the fuel passage communicates with the fuel passage,
Since the water flow path for supplying water to the fuel flow path and the second control valve for controlling the amount of water supplied to the fuel flow path are provided, it becomes possible to mix water with the fuel even when steam cannot be generated. , Fuel and water can be injected in an emulsified state. Therefore, the emulsification enables the steam reforming reaction to improve the reforming efficiency.

In the sixth aspect of the invention, the multi-fluid injection device controls the second control valve so that water is supplied from the water flow passage to the fuel flow passage when the temperature is within a predetermined temperature range, so that the water flowing into the fuel flow passage is efficiently supplied. Can be consumed well.

In the seventh aspect, the first amount of air is increased so that the amount of air injected from the second injection port increases as the temperature of the multi-fluid injection device decreases, and the amount of water vapor injected from the second injection port decreases. The control valve is controlled, and the upper limit temperature of the predetermined temperature range is set to a temperature at which the heat quantity of the steam injected from the second injection port becomes the heat quantity necessary for the reforming reaction in the reformer. By mixing water into the fuel when the reforming reaction is not sufficiently performed, the steam reforming reaction can be promoted and the reforming efficiency can be improved.

In the eighth aspect of the invention, the lower limit temperature of the predetermined temperature range is set to a temperature at which the heat quantity of the air injected from the second or third injection port becomes the heat quantity necessary for the reforming reaction in the reformer. By mixing water with the fuel when the steam reforming reaction is performed by the injection of air, the water can be efficiently consumed and the steam reforming reaction can be performed.

In the ninth invention, a first heat exchanger for vaporizing water into water vapor is provided in the water vapor flow passage, and the water vapor to the water vapor flow passage is changed according to the temperature of the water vapor discharged from the first heat exchanger. Since the supply of water vapor is controlled, it is possible to accurately determine whether or not sufficient water vapor is generated and control the injection amount of water vapor, so that the generation of condensed water in the water vapor flow path can be prevented. Further, it becomes easy to adjust the reaction ratio between the steam reforming reaction and the partial oxidation reaction.

In the tenth aspect of the invention, a third control valve for controlling the flow rate of the air injected from the third injection port is provided, and the higher the temperature of the multi-fluid injection device, the smaller the amount of air injected from the third injection port. Since the third control valve is controlled in this manner, the reaction ratio of the partial oxidation reaction to the steam reforming reaction can be reduced at a high temperature such that the amount of heat required for the steam reforming reaction can be secured, and the reforming efficiency can be improved.

In the eleventh invention, since the temperature of the multi-fluid injection device is the temperature of the heat medium of the first heat exchanger, it is necessary to secure a sufficient amount of heat necessary for the steam reforming reaction. You can definitely judge.

In the twelfth invention, a second heat exchanger for heating air is provided in the air flow passage, and the heating means is controlled based on the temperature of the air discharged from the second heat exchanger. The means can be appropriately energized, and power can be saved.

[0039]

1 is a diagram showing a schematic structure of a multi-fluid injection device of the present invention, in which a fuel injection valve 1 is attached to a chamber 2 communicating with a reformer (not shown), The first ejection port 1 a, the second ejection port 1 b, and the third ejection port 1 c are provided in the chamber 2 so as to open. The injection valve 1 is provided with flow paths 1d, 1e, 1f which communicate with each injection port,
The flow channel 1d communicates with the fuel flow channel 3 that supplies fuel to the injection valve 1, the flow channel 1e similarly to the steam flow channel 4 that supplies water vapor to the injection valve 1, and the flow channel 1f an air flow channel that supplies air. 5 is connected to. Further, the channel 1d and the fuel channel 3
A water flow path 6 for supplying water (hereinafter, water refers to liquid phase water) is further connected to the connection portion with.

As described above, fuel (for example, hydrocarbon fuel such as methanol or gasoline) is supplied to the fuel passage 3 from a fuel tank (not shown), and water in the water tank 7 is supplied to the water vapor passage 4. Water supplied from the pump 8 through the water supply passage 10 is vaporized by the first heat exchanger 9 and supplied as water vapor. Here, the heat of vaporizing water in the first heat exchanger 9 uses the heat of the exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust hydrogen combustor of the fuel cell system or the heat of the exhaust gas of the reformed gas engine as a heat medium.

The air supplied to the air passage 5 is supplied by an air supplier, for example, the compressor 11, and this air is heated by heat exchange with the exhaust gas by the second heat exchanger 12 to raise its temperature. In this state, the air is supplied to the air passage 5. The heat for heating the air is heated by using the heat of the gas discharged from the first heat exchanger 9 which has heated and vaporized the water as a heat medium. A heating means for heating the air, for example, an electric heater 13 using a battery 13 as a power source is installed in the air flow path 5 and is used to raise the temperature of the air flowing through the air flow path 5.

The water flow path 6 extends from the water tank 7 to the first heat exchanger 9
It is configured to branch from a water supply flow path 10 that communicates with and communicate with the fuel flow path 3 to supply water. A control valve (second control valve) 14 that controls the amount of water flowing into the water channel 6 is installed at a branch point between the water channel 6 and the water supply channel 10.

Further, a circulation passage 15 is provided so as to connect the water vapor passage 4 and the water supply passage 10 so as to bypass the heat exchanger 8, and a connection portion between the water vapor passage 4 and the circulation passage 15 is provided. The control valve 16 also includes the water supply passage 10 and the circulation passage 15
A control valve 17 is installed at the connecting portion with and a water pump 18 is provided in the middle of the circulation flow path 15.

Further, a bypass flow passage 19 for connecting the steam flow passage 4 and the air flow passage 5 is provided, and is injected from the second injection port 1b of the injection valve 1 to the connecting portion between the steam flow passage 4 and the bypass flow passage 19. Control valve (first control valve) 20 for controlling the amount of water vapor
And a control valve (for controlling the amount of air supplied from the air flow path 5 to the water vapor flow path 4 via the bypass flow path 19 at the connection portion between the air flow path 5 and the bypass flow path 19 ( A first control valve) 21 is provided. The control valve 21 is the third
It also has a function of controlling the amount of air injected from the injection port 1c (function of the third control valve).

Further, temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of the water flowing through the connecting portion between the water flow path 6 and the injection valve 1, for example, the thermocouple 2
2, a thermocouple 23 for detecting the temperature of the steam discharged from the first heat exchanger 9, and a thermocouple 24 for detecting the temperature of the air discharged from the second heat exchanger 12, respectively. Is installed in. Further, a thermocouple 25 for detecting the temperature of the air in the heater 28 and a thermocouple 26 for detecting the temperature of the exhaust gas introduced into the first heat exchanger 9 are installed.

The output signals of these five thermocouples are sent to the controller 27. An on / off signal of the main switch of the system is further input to the controller 27.

Controller 27 to which these signals are input
Is based on these input signals the control valves 14, 1
The switching of 6, 17, 20 and the opening are controlled, and the on / off switch of the heater 28 is controlled.

Next, the control state of each control valve will be described with reference to FIGS.

First, FIG. 2 shows a state in which the temperature of the injection device itself and the heat exchanger have not been sufficiently raised immediately after the system is started, and this state is set when the main switch is turned on.

In the state immediately after the start, the control valve 14 is controlled so as not to supply water to the water flow passage 6, and the control valve 16 is also controlled so as not to supply water vapor to the water vapor flow passage 4. Further, the air in the air flow path 5 is heated by the second heat exchanger 12 and the heater 28 and is supplied to the water vapor flow path 4 and the air flow path 5 by controlling the control valves 20 and 21, and the air in the injection valve 1 is discharged. Air is ejected from the second ejection port 1b and the third ejection port 1c. At this time, the supply of fuel from the fuel flow path 3 is also stopped.

On the other hand, the water from the water tank 7 is heat-exchanged by the first heat exchanger 9 and then is circulated by the control valve 16 in the circulation passage 1.
5 is supplied to the injection valve 1 and is heated to steam.
Wait for supply to.

Therefore, when the temperature in the injection valve 1 and the chamber 2 immediately after starting is low, the second injection port 1b for injecting the steam of the injection valve 1 can be heated by the heated air,
Further, by supplying the heated air into the chamber 2 from the third injection port 1c and raising the temperature, the fuel supplied into the chamber 2 can be vaporized, and the water vapor supplied to the second injection port 1b is changed. It is possible to prevent condensation and formation of water droplets in the vicinity of the second injection port 1b. Further, since the temperature in the chamber 2 can be secured at a temperature sufficient to vaporize the fuel before the fuel is supplied, the combustion efficiency can be improved.

Although the fuel is not supplied to the injection valve 1 in FIG. 2, the fuel is actually supplied to the injection valve 1 when the temperature TC1 at the connecting portion between the water vapor flow path 4 and the injection valve 1 becomes a or higher. Will be supplied to.

The state shown in FIG. 3 is a continuation of the state shown in FIG. 2, and in addition to air, the control valve 14 is switched to supply water to the water flow passage 6, and also to supply fuel from the fuel flow passage 3. The injection valve 1 is configured to inject an emulsion fuel composed of water and fuel. In this state, the supply of water vapor has not been performed yet, and the heating of the air supplied to the second injection port 1b and the third injection port 1c is performed only by heat exchange using the exhaust gas as the heating medium, and the heater 28 is stopped. It From this state, fuel and water are injected into the chamber 2 to start the steam reforming reaction, and the reformer starts producing reformed gas. Therefore,
Even when steam cannot be supplied due to a low temperature of the heat exchanger, the fuel can be mixed with water and supplied as an emulsion fuel to the reformer from the injection valve 1 to perform a steam reforming reaction. .

FIG. 4 shows the water flow path 6 and the control valve 14 as compared with FIG.
On the other hand, the control valve 16 was switched while the water was vaporized by the first heat exchanger 9 to be supplied to the water vapor flow path 4. Further, the control valve 21 is switched to stop the circulation of air to the bypass flow passage 19 and supply the air only to the injection valve 1. The other states are the same as those in FIG.

The state of FIG. 4 shows a state which is performed subsequent to the state of FIG. 3, and fuel, water vapor, and air are injected from the first injection ports 1a, 1b, 1c of the injection valve 1, respectively.
In this state, the fuel does not contain water as compared with the state of FIG. 3, so the fuel can be vaporized more efficiently than in the state of FIG. 3 in which the emulsion fuel is injected, and the reforming reaction can be performed more efficiently. It will be possible.

The state shown in FIG. 5 is different from that of FIG.
1 is blocked and air supply to the injection valve 1 is stopped,
This is performed subsequent to FIG. In this state, only the fuel and steam are supplied from the injection valve 1 to the chamber 2, and the steam reforming reaction can be further promoted.

It is a flow chart for explaining the control contents performed by the controller 27 shown in FIG. The times described in the flowchart correspond to those in FIG. 7 described later.

Explaining this flowchart,
First, in step S1, the system is set to the state shown in FIG. 2 with the main switch turned on, that is, the state where only heated air is supplied to the injection valve 1. Then, energization of the heater 28 is started (step S2, time t
1), driving of the compressor 11 is also started (S3, time t2). In this state, high temperature air is injected from the injection valve 1 to heat the second injection port 1b of the injection valve 1 and the chamber 2.

In step S4, the water vapor flow path 4 and the injection valve 1
By detecting the temperature TC1 of the connection portion with and determining whether this temperature is equal to or higher than the predetermined temperature a, it can be determined that the temperature has reached a temperature sufficient to vaporize the fuel when the temperature is equal to or higher than the predetermined temperature a, and step S5 Then, the fuel is injected from the injection valve 1 (time t3). When the temperature does not reach the predetermined temperature a, the control is repeated until the temperature reaches the predetermined temperature a. At this time chamber 2
Only the fuel and air are injected into the interior of the reformer, and the reformer is reformed by the partial oxidation reaction.

In the following step S6, the temperature TC1 of the connecting portion between the water vapor flow path 4 and the injection valve 1 is detected and it is determined whether or not this temperature is equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature b. The energization to 28 is gradually reduced (step S7, time t4), and when the predetermined temperature b is not reached, the control is repeated until it is reached.

In step S8, it is judged whether or not the temperature TC5 of the air discharged from the second heat exchanger 12 has reached a predetermined temperature c, and if it is the predetermined temperature c, the air discharged from the second heat exchanger 12 is determined. Is in a state in which it is sufficiently heated and does not require heating by the heater 28, that is, a state in which the reforming reaction in the reformer can be performed by the heat quantity of air, step S9
Then, the power supply to the heater 28 is stopped (time t5), and when the temperature does not reach the predetermined temperature c, the process returns to step S7 and the control is repeated until the predetermined temperature c is reached. Up to this point corresponds to the configuration shown in FIG.

In the subsequent step S10, it is determined that it is possible to carry out the steam reforming reaction which is an endothermic reaction by the heat quantity of the air by the determination up to step S9, the system is switched to the state shown in FIG. To supply water from the water flow path 6 to the fuel flow path 3 (steps S10 and S1).
1). The fuel injected from the injection valve 1 is an emulsion fuel containing water, but the reforming efficiency is improved as compared with the partial oxidation reaction. In the first heat exchanger 9, the water supplied from the water tank 7 is vaporized to generate water vapor, but it is not supplied to the water vapor flow path 4. At this time, the amount of water supplied to the water flow path 6 is controlled by the control valve 14, so that it can be adjusted accurately.

In step S12, it is judged whether the temperature TC3 of the steam discharged from the first heat exchanger 9 has reached a predetermined temperature e, and when it reaches the temperature e, it is necessary to carry out a reforming reaction in the reformer. It is determined that the steam has a heat quantity, and the system is switched to the state shown in FIG. 4 (step S13). It is injected into the chamber 2 and the supply of water is stopped (time t6). In this way, the water can be efficiently consumed by setting the supply of water from the water flow path 6 to the predetermined temperature range from reaching the predetermined temperature c to reaching the predetermined temperature e. In other words, no reaction occurs even if water is supplied at a low temperature where the heat required for the steam reforming reaction cannot be secured,
On the other hand, at a high temperature where steam is sufficiently generated, steam reforming reaction is performed better by using steam instead of water, so reforming efficiency is better. I can't.

After switching the system to FIG. 4, the load of the fuel cell system, the reformed gas engine, etc., rises and the temperature TC6 of the exhaust gas introduced into the first heat exchanger 9 rises,
It is determined whether the temperature is equal to or higher than the predetermined temperature f (step S14),
When the temperature is equal to or higher than the predetermined temperature f, the system is switched to the state of FIG. 5 (step S15), the injection of air from the injection valve 1 is stopped, and most of the fuel injected from the injection valve 1 is used for the steam reforming reaction, The reforming efficiency can be further improved. When the temperature is lower than the predetermined temperature f, the process returns to step S13.

Next, the timing charts shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 show the above control contents in time series.

From time t1 to time t5 is the control content performed in the configuration of FIG. 2. Specifically, steps S1 and S2 of FIG. 6 are performed at time t1, and step S3 is performed at time t2. At time t3, the fuel injection of step S5 is started, and at time t4, the reduction of the amount of electricity supplied to the heater 28 is started (step S7).

When the air temperature TC5 reaches the predetermined temperature c at the time t5, it is judged that the reforming reaction can be performed in the reformer due to the heat quantity of the air, and the energization of the heater 28 is stopped (steps S8, 9). ), The state is switched to the state shown in FIG. 3 (step S10). In this state, the water pump 8 is driven (step S11), water is supplied to the injection valve 1, and the emulsion fuel having water droplets in the fuel is injected into the chamber 2 to efficiently consume the water. The steam reforming reaction is started and the reforming efficiency can be improved. The amount of fuel and the amount of air can be reduced by the amount that the reforming efficiency is improved. Further, since the energization of the heater 28 is controlled based on the air temperature TC5, it is possible to appropriately energize the heater 28 and save power.

At time t6, the water vapor temperature TC3 becomes the predetermined temperature e.
4 is reached (steps S12 and S13), the heat quantity of the steam has the quantity of heat required for the reforming reaction in the reformer, so that the injection valve 1 is replaced by water vapor. By supplying the above, the steam reforming reaction in the reformer can be further promoted, and as a result, the amounts of fuel and air can be further reduced.

As described above, the lower the steam temperature TC3, the larger the amount of air and the smaller amount of steam, so that the formation of water droplets due to the condensation of steam can be prevented. Further, since the supply of water vapor is controlled by the temperature of the water vapor, it is possible to reliably grasp the possibility of water vapor condensation.

Further, the temperature of the steam is detected based on the output of the temperature sensor 23 installed downstream of the heat exchanger 9, and the supply of the steam to the steam flow path 4 is controlled according to the steam temperature, so that the reforming is performed. Since it is possible to accurately determine whether or not the steam capable of supplying the amount of heat necessary for the reaction is generated and control the injection amount of the steam, it is possible to prevent the generation of condensed water in the steam passage. Further, by controlling the amount of steam, the reaction ratio of the steam reforming reaction and the partial oxidation reaction in the reformer can be easily controlled.
That is, at a high temperature at which the amount of heat required for the steam reforming reaction can be secured, it is possible to control so as to reduce the reaction rate of the partial oxidation reaction and improve the reforming efficiency. Instead of the steam temperature downstream of the heat exchanger 8, the steam temperature in the heat exchanger 8 or the heat medium temperature of the heat exchanger 8 may be used.

After the load increases at time t7, the exhaust temperature T
When C6 reaches the predetermined temperature f, the system is switched to the system shown in FIG. 5 (steps S14 and S15). In FIG. 5, the supply of air to the injection valve 1 is stopped (time t8), and only the fuel and steam are supplied, so most of the fuel is spent on the steam reforming reaction in the reformer, and FIG. It is possible to further improve the reforming efficiency as compared with the above state.

In this embodiment, the temperature of the connecting portion between the water flow path 6 and the injection valve 1 is TC1, but the third injection port 1c is used.
A temperature in the vicinity may be used. Further, the exhaust gas temperature TC6 may be used instead of the air temperature TC5. Also, if the exhaust gas temperature TC6 is used instead of the water vapor temperature TC3,
Conversely, instead of the exhaust gas temperature TC6, the water vapor temperature TC
It is also possible to use 3.

Further, each control valve may be controlled not only to switch the flow rate to be controlled stepwise but also to switch gradually in steps.

The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and it is obvious that various modifications can be made within the scope of the technical idea of the present invention.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a multi-fluid ejection device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a supply state of fuel, water vapor, air, and water at the time of starting.

FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a supply state of fuel, water vapor, air, and water when water is supplied.

FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining supply states of fuel, water vapor, air and water when fuel, water vapor and air are supplied.

FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining supply states of fuel, water vapor, air, and water when fuel and water vapor are similarly supplied.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating control contents executed by a controller.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing time-series changes in the amount of electricity supplied to the heater, the amount of load, and the temperature of each part.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a time series change of the fuel injection amount, the air flow rate, the water flow rate, and the water vapor amount.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 injection valve 2 chamber 3 Fuel flow path 4 Water vapor flow path 5 air flow paths 6 water channels 7 water tank 8 water pump 9 First heat exchanger 12 Second heat exchanger 13 battery 14 Control valve 19 Bypass channel 20 control valve 21 Control valve 27 Controller 28 heater

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification code FI theme code (reference) H01M 8/06 H01M 8/06 G 5H026 8/10 8/10 5H027 // C01B 3/32 C01B 3/32 Z (72) Inventor Noboru Yamauchi No. 2 Takara-cho, Kanagawa-ku, Yokosuka City, Kanagawa Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Wahiko Ishiwata, No. 2, Takara-cho, Kanagawa-ku, Yokosuka City, Kanagawa Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. F-term (reference) 3K023 JA01 JA02 JA03 JB03 JC01 JC06 3K052 GA02 GC01 GC03 GE01 HA01 HA03 3K065 TA06 TB08 TB13 TD04 TF04 TF05 TF06 4F033 QA07 QB02X QB03X QB12 AQQA07QAQQXQB15X QD02 QD27 QAQ

Claims (12)

[Claims] 1. A multi-fluid injection device comprising an injection valve for supplying the fuel, air and steam to a reformer for producing a reformed gas from a hydrocarbon fuel, wherein the injection valve injects fuel. A fuel flow path for supplying fuel to the first injection port, a water flow path for supplying water vapor to the second injection port, and a second injection port for injecting water vapor and a third injection port for injecting air An air flow path for supplying air to the third injection port, a bypass flow path connecting the water vapor flow path and the air flow path, and a bypass flow path, the steam flow path, and the air flow path. A multi-fluid ejecting apparatus comprising: a first control valve that controls communication; a unit that heats air flowing through the air flow path; and a controller that controls the heating unit and the first control valve. 2. The first controller controls the heating means to heat the air when the start of the multi-fluid injection device is confirmed, and to inject the heated air from the second injection port and the third injection port. The multi-fluid ejector according to claim 1, wherein the valve is controlled. 3. The controller is configured so that the amount of air injected from the second injection port increases as the temperature of the multi-fluid injection device decreases, and the amount of water vapor injected from the second injection port decreases. The multi-fluid injection device according to claim 2, wherein the control valve is controlled. 4. The multi-fluid ejecting apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the temperature of the multi-fluid ejecting apparatus is a temperature of water vapor ejected from the second injection port. 5. A water flow path communicating with the fuel flow path for supplying water to the fuel flow path, and a second control valve for controlling the amount of water supplied to the fuel flow path are provided. The multi-fluid ejection device according to claim 1. 6. The controller according to claim 5, wherein the controller controls the second control valve to supply water from the water flow passage to the fuel flow passage when the multi-fluid injection device is in a predetermined temperature range. Multi-fluid ejector. 7. The controller controls the first amount of air so that the amount of air injected from the second injection port increases as the temperature of the multi-fluid injection device decreases and the amount of water vapor injected from the second injection port decreases. The control valve is controlled, and the upper limit temperature of the predetermined temperature range is a temperature at which the heat quantity of the steam injected from the second injection port becomes the heat quantity necessary for the reforming reaction in the reformer. 6. The multi-fluid ejection device according to item 6. 8. The lower limit temperature of the predetermined temperature range is a temperature at which the amount of heat of air injected from the second or third injection port becomes the amount of heat required for the reforming reaction in the reformer. The multi-fluid ejection device according to claim 6. 9. A first heat exchanger for vaporizing water into water vapor is provided in the water vapor flow path, and the controller causes the water vapor to flow into the water vapor flow path in accordance with the temperature of the water vapor discharged from the first heat exchanger. 9. The multi-fluid ejection device according to claim 1, wherein the multi-fluid ejection device is controlled. 10. A third control valve for controlling the flow rate of air injected from a third injection port, wherein the controller decreases the amount of air injected from the third injection port as the temperature of the multi-fluid injection device increases. Like the third
The multi-fluid injection device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, which controls a control valve. 11. The temperature of the multi-fluid ejecting device is the first
The multi-fluid injection device according to claim 10, wherein the temperature is the temperature of the heat medium of the heat exchanger. 12. A second heat exchanger for heating air is provided in the air flow path, and the controller controls the heating means based on a temperature of air discharged from the second heat exchanger. The multi-fluid ejection device according to claim 1.