JP2003015345A - Image forming method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an image forming method for obtaining high image quality, having a good cleaning performance, and also, with a small image color difference between an image at an initial stage of developing and an image after running. SOLUTION: As for the image forming method for developing a latent image by developer containing electrostatic image developing toner, thereafter, transferring the developed image to an image supporting body, a ratio (Dv50/Dp50) of 50% volumetric particle diameter (Dv50) of at least one kind of toner to 50% number particle diameter (Dp50) is 1.0 to 1.15, a ratio (Dv75/Dp75) of a cumulative 75% volumetric particle diameter (Dv75) from the toner having the larger volumetric particle diameter to a cumulative 75% number particle diameter (Dp75) from the toner having the larger number particle diameter is 1.0 to 1.20, the number of particles of toner <=0.7×(Dp50) is <=10 number % in the whole toner, and also, the mean film thickness of a charge transfer layer is 5 to 15 μm.

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electrostatic latent image carrier
A developer containing the formed latent image and an electrostatic image developing toner
The present invention relates to an image forming method for visualizing an image by using the method. 2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally used in copiers, printers and the like,
Most image forming apparatuses require high-speed, high-quality images.
Electrostatic latent image development method mainly using electrophotography is used
I have. The reason is that in addition to the above advantages,
High image quality and stable color image formation
It has features such as correspondence. An electrostatic latent image developing method (mostly an electrophotographic method)
Therefore, sometimes referred to as electrophotography),
Many things have been developed for different purposes,
There are features. Taking advantage of these characteristics, the most appropriate one
Selected and used for each application. And in it
What is commonly requested is higher image quality and durability
Pursuit of resources, and resource saving, pollution-free and cost reduction. In the electrostatic latent image developing method, non-magnetic
The minute development method does not require a toner density adjustment mechanism and is simpler.
Favored as a relatively small printer, facsimile
Etc. are often used for image forming apparatuses. On the other hand, the magnetic two-component developing method uses a carrier and a toner.
And it tends to be slightly larger
However, due to the function-separated structure of the charge application, image formation is
It is made steadily and is currently the most widely used. [0006] In any of these, to improve the image quality
It is effective to reduce the toner particle size. Small particle size
Have created high-quality images in the context of recent digitization.
Is becoming increasingly important. Furthermore, saving money
From the perspectives of energy, pollution, and reduction in image formation costs
To reuse toner collected by cleaning from the body
The recycling method is useful. However, the conventional image forming described above
If a toner with a reduced particle size is used in the
It is easily affected by stress in the image
In the minute development, the stress in forming a thin layer in the toner conveyance system
Cleaning during toner and toner recycling, and
Stress such as shear stress in the transport system, and
Contamination, etc., causing long-term
During the continuous development, various image defects occur, and
The stabilization has not been achieved. Further, when a toner having a small particle size is used,
Cleaning performance is likely to deteriorate, and color toner
If used, the color difference between the initial development and the running image
Has been pointed out as a problem that the size tends to be large. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a high image quality
Quality, good cleaning properties, and
Image forming method that minimizes color difference between images during and after
To provide. [0010] The above object of the present invention is as follows.
This was achieved by item 1 described above. 1. A charge generating layer and a charge are formed on a conductive support.
A latent image formed on an electrostatic latent image carrier having a transport layer;
Developed with a developer containing toner for developing electrostatic images and visualized
Image forming method having a step of transferring the image to an image support
50% volume particles of at least one of said toners
Ratio (Dv50) to the 50% number particle size (Dp50)
v50 / Dp50) of 1.0 to 1.15, the toner body
Cumulative 75% volume particle size (Dv7
5) and the cumulative number of the toner particles from the larger number particle size.
75% number particle size (Dp75) ratio (Dv75 / Dp7)
5) is 1.0 to 1.20, and
The number of toners of 0.7 × (Dp50) or less is 10% by number or less.
And the average thickness of the charge transport layer is 5 μm to 1 μm.
An image forming method having a thickness of 5 μm. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. Of the present invention
Description of electrostatic image developing toner according to image forming method
I do. The present inventors have proposed a method of reducing the particle size (in the present invention,
Smaller particles having a size of 2 μm to 10 μm
Conventionally known image using toner
As a result of intensive examination of the problems of the image forming method,
Toner tends to differ in the amount of adhesion between particles and transferability
Susceptible to the charge on the photoreceptor
It turned out. In the case of the small particle size toner,
The difference in developability and the amount of adhesion increases as the particle size decreases.
I found that. The mechanism by which this phenomenon occurs is
Although it is not clear, in the case of large particle size toner,
The difference in adhesion to the photoreceptor is not enlarged, but small particle size
Of the photoreceptor originally held by the toner itself
Adhesive force will increase and the difference between particles will increase
Estimated. Therefore, as a result of the examination, it was found that the thickness of the photosensitive member was reduced.
By doing so, it is possible to reduce the variation in the adhesive force
And the fluctuation of the surface potential of the photoreceptor
It can be seen that transfer can be suppressed, and transfer with toner with a reduced particle size
Uniformity of developing property and uniformity of developing property
I also understood. The above-mentioned thin film photoreceptor is subjected to digital exposure.
It is known that the reproducibility of formed latent image dots is high.
However, the resolution is too high when used with small particle size toner.
The beam misalignment during exposure appears as an image
There was a title. Specifically, it should be represented as a thin straight line
Objects tend to have rope-like patterns at the edge of the line
As a result, the lines are dense and express halftone
However, there is a problem that the density reproducibility of the image portion is reduced.
In particular, when forming a color image, the two
There is a problem that the reproducibility of the next color is reduced and a color difference occurs. To improve this, the inventors of the present invention
Focusing on body thickness and toner particle size distribution, high resolution
A photoreceptor that absorbs arra due to a latent image beam shift
Find a suitable range of film thickness and toner particle size distribution,
It was completed. Specifically, the present inventors have simply determined the adhesion
Rather than reducing the abundance of small particle size components,
Arrived at 50% particle size, which is the median toner particle size for all toners
And analyze the small particle size components that deviate from the particle size
The number of particles from the larger particle size side of the toner.
From the larger particle size side, each of the 75%
After paying attention to the particle size and conducting various studies, it was described in claim 1.
As indicated, 50% volume particle size of at least one toner
(Dv50) and the ratio (Dv50) of the 50% number particle size (Dp50).
50 / Dp50) is 1.0 to 1.15, and the volume of the toner
Cumulative 75% volume particle size from larger particle size (Dv75)
And a cumulative 7 from the larger of the number particle size of the toner.
5% number particle size (Dp75) ratio (Dv75 / Dp75)
Is 1.0 to 1.20, and 0.7 in all toners.
× (Dp50) or less of the toner is 10% by number or less.
And the average thickness of the charge transport layer is 5 μm to 15 μm.
By using an image forming method adjusted to be
As a result, the present invention has been completed. The toner for developing an electrostatic image according to the present invention (hereinafter referred to as the toner)
(Hereinafter, simply referred to as toner). First, the toner according to the present invention has a volume particle size,
Number particle size and the ratio of the volume particle size to the number particle size.
Will be explained. From the viewpoint of obtaining the effects described in the present invention, the present invention
The toner according to the present invention may be monodisperse as the particle size distribution.
Preferably, at least one toner has a 50% volume particle size
(Dv50) and the ratio (Dv50) of the 50% number particle size (Dp50).
50 / Dp50) must be 1.0 to 1.15.
However, it is preferably 1.0 to 1.13. Further, the fluctuation range of transferability and developability is suppressed.
Therefore, the at least one type of toner may be
75% cumulative particle size (Dv75) and 75%
The ratio (Dv75 / Dp75) of the number particle size (Dp75) is
It is necessary to be 1.0 to 1.20, but preferably
Is 1.1 to 1.19. In addition, all toner
Of toner particles of 0.7 × (Dp50) or less
It is necessary that the number is 10% or less, but it is preferable.
More specifically, it is 5% to 9% by number. The toner according to the present invention has a 50% volume particle diameter (D
v50) is preferably 2 μm to 8 μm, more preferably
Is 3 μm to 7 μm. Further, the toner of the present invention
The 50% number particle size (Dp50) is 2 μm to 7.5 μm.
Preferably, more preferably, 2.5 μm to 7 μm.
You. By setting the content within this range, the effect of the present invention can be further enhanced.
It can be demonstrated significantly. In the present invention, a plurality of toners are used.
If all toners meet the requirements described above,
That is, 50% volume particle size (Dv50) and 50% number particle size
(Dp50) ratio (Dv50 / Dp50) of 1.0 to
1.15 and is larger in volume particle size of toner
And the cumulative 75% volume particle diameter (Dv75) of the toner.
The 75% cumulative number particle size (D
p75) (Dv75 / Dp75) is 1.0 to 1.2.
0 and 0.7 × (Dp50) or less in all toners
It is necessary to satisfy the requirement that the number of lower toners is 10% by number or less.
Is preferred. Here, the 75% by volume cumulative particles from the larger one
Diameter (Dv75) or 75% cumulative particle size (Dp75)
Is the sum of the frequencies from the larger particle size and the sum of the total volume
Or the particle size that each shows 75% to the sum of the number
It is represented by the volume particle size or number particle size of the distribution site. In the present invention, the 50% volume particle size (Dv5
0), 50% number particle size (Dp50), cumulative 75% volume particle
Diameter (Dv75), cumulative 75% number particle size (Dp75), etc.
Means Coulter Counter TA-II or Coulter
It is not possible to measure with a multisizer (manufactured by Coulter).
come. The photoreceptor has at least electric charge on a conductive support.
It has an electrostatic latent image carrier in which a generation layer and a charge transport layer are laminated
You. Develop toner by reducing the difference in dielectric constant on the photoreceptor
And transferability, and obtain the effects described in the present invention.
From the viewpoint, the average thickness of the charge transport layer is 5 μm to 1 μm.
It is necessary to adjust it to 5 μm, but preferably it is 6 μm.
μm to 13 μm. Here, the thickness of the charge transport layer is
Eddy current type film thickness measuring device EDDY560C (HELMU
T FISCHER GMBTE CO)
Can be measured. The charge transport layer thickness
The layer thickness was randomly measured at 10 points, and the average
The average value is adopted as the value of the film thickness. The variation width of the film thickness of the photosensitive member is the largest.
Preferably, the difference between the film thickness and the minimum film thickness is 2 μm or less.
No. Structure of the electrostatic image developing toner according to the present invention
Component, binder resin component that is a component of toner,
The construction will be described. The toner according to the present invention is a colorant, a binder resin or the like.
The toner is pulverized and classified.
It may be produced through a process, and may be a polymerizable unit as shown below.
Toner by using resin particles obtained by polymerizing monomer
, A so-called polymerization method. Using the polymerization method
When producing toner, salting out / fusing resin particles
A production method having a step is particularly preferred. As the polymerizable monomer used in the polymerization method,
Requires radical polymerizable monomer as a constituent
A crosslinking agent can be used according to the above. Also,
Radical polymerizable monomer or basic group having acidic group
Having at least one radical polymerizable monomer
Preferably. (1) Radical polymerizable monomer The radical polymerizable monomer component is not particularly limited.
Instead, use a conventionally known radical polymerizable monomer.
Can be. Also, to satisfy the required characteristics,
Species or a combination of two or more
Wear. Specifically, aromatic vinyl monomers, (meth
T) Acrylic ester monomer, vinyl ester monomer
Monomer, vinyl ether monomer, monoolefin monomer
Body, diolefin monomer, halogenated olefin monomer
And the like. As the aromatic vinyl monomer, for example,
Styrene, o-methylstyrene, m-methylstyrene,
p-methylstyrene, p-methoxystyrene, p-fe
Nylstyrene, p-chlorostyrene, p-ethylstyrene
, Pn-butylstyrene, p-tert-butyls
Tylene, pn-hexylstyrene, pn-octyl
Styrene, pn-nonylstyrene, pn-decyls
Tylene, pn-dodecylstyrene, 2,4-dimethyl
Styrene, such as styrene and 3,4-dichlorostyrene
And its derivatives. (Meth) acrylic acid ester monomer
, Methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, acrylic
Acid butyl, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, acrylic
Cyclohexyl acid, phenyl acrylate, methacrylic acid
Methyl, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate,
Hexyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate
, Β-ethyl hydroxyacrylate, γ-amino
Propyl acrylate, stearyl methacrylate, methacryl
Dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, diethylamino methacrylate
Ethyl and the like. As the vinyl ester monomer, vinyl acetate
Nil, vinyl propionate, vinyl benzoate, etc.
Can be As the vinyl ether monomer, vinyl
Methyl ether, vinyl ethyl ether, vinyl isobut
Butyl ether, vinyl phenyl ether, etc.
You. As the monoolefin-based monomer, ethylene
, Propylene, isobutylene, 1-butene, 1-pen
And 4-methyl-1-pentene. As the diolefin monomer, butadiene
, Isoprene, chloroprene and the like. As the halogenated olefin-based monomer,
Vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, vinyl bromide, etc.
You. (2) Cross-linking agent As the cross-linking agent, a radio-
A polymerizable crosslinking agent may be added. Radical polymerizable crosslinking
As the agent, divinylbenzene, divinylnaphthalene,
Divinyl ether, diethylene glycol methacrylate
G, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, polyethylene
Glycol dimethacrylate, diallyl phthalate, etc.
Those having two or more unsaturated bonds are exemplified. (3) Radical polymerizable monomer having acidic group
Radical polymerizable monomer having a basic or basic group Radical polymerizable monomer having an acidic group or a basic group
Examples of the radical polymerizable monomer having
Polymerizable monomer having xyl group, having sulfonic acid group
Polymerizable monomer, primary amine, secondary amine, tertiary amine
Amine-based polymerizable monomer such as min, quaternary ammonium salt, etc.
Body. As a polymerizable monomer having a carboxyl group,
Acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, fumaric acid, male
Acid, itaconic acid, cinnamic acid, monobutyl maleate
Stele, monooctyl maleate and the like.
You. As a polymerizable monomer having a sulfonic acid group
Is styrene sulfonic acid, allyl sulfosuccinic acid, ant
Octyl rusulfosuccinate and the like. These include sodium, potassium, etc.
Potassium metal salts or alkaline earth metals such as calcium
It may have a salt structure. A radical polymerizable monomer having a basic group;
Examples include amine-based compounds, such as dimethylamino.
Ethyl acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate
, Diethylaminoethyl acrylate, diethyl acetate
Minoethyl methacrylate, and quaternary of the above four compounds
Ammonium salt, 3-dimethylaminophenyl acryle
, 2-hydroxy-3-methacryloxypropyl
Trimethylammonium salt, acrylamide, N-butyl
Ruacrylamide, N, N-dibutylacrylamide,
Piperidyl acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-butyl
Tyl methacrylamide, N-octadecyl acrylamide
Vinyl pyridine, vinyl pyrrolidone; vinyl N-meth
Tylpyridinium chloride, vinyl N-ethylpyridini
Um chloride, N, N-diallylmethylammonium chloride
Chloride, N, N-diallylethylammonium chloride
And the like. Radical polymerizable monomer used in the present invention
As a radical polymerizable monomer having an acidic group or
Radical polymerizable monomer having a basic group
It is preferable to use 0.1 to 15% by mass,
Depending on the properties of the polymerizable crosslinking agent, the total radical polymerizability
Use in the range of 0.1 to 10% by mass based on the monomer.
Is preferred. [Chain transfer agent] The purpose is to adjust the molecular weight.
Use a commonly used chain transfer agent
Can be done. The chain transfer agent is not particularly limited.
But not octyl mercaptan, dodecyl mercap
Tan, tert-dodecyl mercaptan, n-octyl
-3-mercaptopropionate, carbon tetrabromide and
And styrene dimer. [Polymerization Initiator] Radioka used in the present invention
The polymerization initiator can be appropriately used as long as it is water-soluble.
For example, persulfate (potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate
Azo compounds (4,4'-azobis-4-cyanokichi)
Folic acid and its salts, 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinop
Lopan) salts), peroxide compounds and the like. Further, the above radical polymerization initiator is required
Redox initiator in combination with reducing agent
Is possible. Polymerization by using redox initiator
The activity increases, the polymerization temperature decreases, and the polymerization time is shortened.
We can expect shrinkage. The polymerization temperature is determined by the minimum radical generation of the polymerization initiator.
Any temperature may be selected as long as it is equal to or higher than the formation temperature, for example,
A range from 50 ° C to 90 ° C is used. However, start at room temperature
Polymerization initiator, for example, hydrogen peroxide-reducing agent (ascorbic
At room temperature or below.
It is also possible to polymerize at the above temperature. [Surfactant] The above-mentioned radical polymerizable monomer
In order to carry out polymerization using the body, a surfactant is used.
It is necessary to disperse oil droplets in an aqueous medium. At this time,
Surfactants that can be used are particularly limited
Although not intended, the following ionic surfactants are suitable
Can be cited as an example. As the ionic surfactant, sulfonic acid
Salt (sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, aryl
Sodium alkyl polyether sulfonate, 3,3-
Disulfonediphenylurea-4,4-diazo-bis-a
Sodium mino-8-naphthol-6-sulfonate, e.
Ortho-carboxybenzene-azo-dimethylaniline,
2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-triphenylmethane-
4,4-diazo-bis-β-naphthol-6-sulfone
Sodium sulfate, etc.), sulfates (dodecyl sulfate sodium
Lium, sodium tetradecyl sulfate, pentadecyl sulfate
Sodium salt, sodium octyl sulfate, etc.), fatty acid salts
(Sodium oleate, sodium laurate, cap
Sodium phosphate, sodium caprylate, caproic acid
Sodium, potassium stearate, calcium oleate
And the like). In addition, nonionic surfactants may also be used.
Can be. Specifically, polyethylene oxide,
Propylene oxide, polypropylene oxide and
Combination of polyethylene oxide, polyethylene oxide
Ester of recall and higher fatty acid, alkyl phenol
Polyethylene oxide, higher fatty acids and polyethylene
Glycol esters, higher fatty acids and polypropylene
Esters of oxide, sorbitan ester, etc.
Can be. In the present invention, these are mainly used for emulsion polymerization.
Used as an emulsifier for other processes or
You may use it. [Colorant] As a colorant, an inorganic pigment, an organic
Pigments and dyes can be mentioned. As the inorganic pigment, a conventionally known inorganic pigment may be used.
Can be Specific examples of the inorganic pigment are shown below. As a black pigment, for example, furnace
Black, channel black, acetylene black,
Carbon black such as thermal black and lamp black
Magnetic powder such as magnetite, ferrite, etc.
It is. These inorganic pigments may be used alone or as desired.
Can be selected and used in combination. Addition of pigment
The amount is from 2 to 20% by weight based on the polymer, preferably
3-15% by weight is selected. When used as a magnetic toner,
Magnetite can be added. In this case
From the viewpoint of providing constant magnetic properties, 20 to 6
It is preferable to add 0% by mass. Conventionally known organic pigments and dyes
Can be used. Specific organic pigments and dyes
This is illustrated below. The pigments for magenta or red include:
C. I. Pigment Red 2, C.I. I. Pigment red
C.3, C.I. I. Pigment Red 5, C.I. I. Pigmen
Tread 6, C.I. I. Pigment Red 7, C.I. I. Pi
Gment Red 15, C.I. I. Pigment Red 16,
C. I. Pigment Red 48: 1, C.I. I. Pigmen
Tread 53: 1, C.I. I. Pigment Red 57:
1, C.I. I. Pigment Red 122, C.I. I. Pygme
Tread 123, C.I. I. Pigment Red 139,
C. I. Pigment Red 144, C.I. I. Pigment
Red 149, C.I. I. Pigment Red 166, C.I.
I. Pigment Red 177, C.I. I. Pigment red
C. 178, C.I. I. Pigment Red 222, etc.
It is. As a pigment for orange or yellow
Is C.I. I. Pigment Orange 31, C.I. I. Pygme
Orange 43, C.I. I. Pigment Yellow 12,
C. I. Pigment Yellow 13, C.I. I. Pigment
Yellow 14, C.I. I. Pigment Yellow 15, C.I.
I. Pigment Yellow 17, C.I. I. Pigment Ye
Row 93, C.I. I. Pigment Yellow 94, C.I. I.
Pigment yellow 138, C.I. I. Pigment Yellow
-180, C.I. I. Pigment Yellow 185, C.I.
I. Pigment yellow 155, C.I. I. Pigmentoi
Yellow 156, and the like. The green or cyan pigments include:
C. I. Pigment Blue 15, C.I. I. Pigment
Lou 15: 2, C.I. I. Pigment Blue 15: 3,
C. I. Pigment Blue 16, C.I. I. Pigment
Lou 60, C.I. I. Pigment Green 7 etc.
You. As the dye, C.I. I. Solventre
1, 49, 52, 58, 63, 111
122, C.I. I. Solvent Yellow 19, 44
77, 79, 81, 82, 93, 98,
103, 104, 112, 162, C.I. I. Sol
Vent Blue 25, 36, 60, 70, 93,
95 and the like, and a mixture thereof can also be used.
Can be These organic pigments and dyes can be used as required.
It is possible to select one or a combination of two or more. Also face
The amount of the additive is 2 to 20% by mass based on the polymer.
Preferably, 3 to 15% by mass is selected. The colorant can be used after surface modification.
You. As the surface modifier, a conventionally known one is used.
Silane coupling agent, titanium
Coupling agents and aluminum coupling agents are preferred.
It can be used well. The toner according to the present invention can be used in combination with a release agent.
Well, for example, polypropylene, polyethylene and other low
Molecular weight polyolefin wax, paraffin wax,
Fischer-Tropsch wax, ester wax, etc.
Can be used as a release agent. In addition, the present invention
In the following, an ester wax represented by the following general formula (1)
Can be preferably used. Formula (1) R ₁ -(OCO-R _Two ) _n In the formula, n represents an integer of 1 to 4, preferably 2 to 4.
Yes, more preferably 3 to 4, particularly preferably 4.
You. R ₁ , R _Two Is a hydrocarbon which may have a substituent
Represents a group. R ₁ : Carbon number = 1 to 40, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably
Preferably 2-5 R _Two : Carbon number = 1 to 40, preferably 13 to 29, further
Preferably the crystalline compound having an ester group according to the present invention is preferably 12 to 25 or less.
Are shown, but the present invention is not limited to these. Embedded image Embedded image These ester waxes are contained in the resin particles.
Contained, good for toner obtained by fusing resin particles
Function to provide excellent fixability (adhesion to the image support)
Having. The amount of the release agent used in the present invention is
1 mass% to 30 mass% is preferable, and
Or 2% by mass to 20% by mass, more preferably 3% by mass.
１５15% by mass. In addition, the toner of the present invention
Dissolve the release agent in a polymerizable monomer in water
Dispersed, polymerized, and used as a release agent in resin particles as described above.
Particles containing an ester compound such as
Too made through the process of salting out / fusing with colorant particles
Are preferred. The toner according to the present invention comprises a colorant and a release agent.
Since it provides various functions as a material for toner outside
Materials that can be used may be added. Specifically, charge control agents are listed.
I can do it. These components are converted to resin during the salting out / fusion step described above.
Add simultaneously with particles and colorant particles and include in toner
Method, method of adding to resin particles themselves, etc.
can do. The charge control agents are also various known ones.
And can be dispersed in water
it can. Specifically, nigrosine dyes, naphthenic acid,
Metal salts of higher fatty acids, alkoxylated amines, quaternary
Quaternary ammonium salt compound, azo metal complex, salicylic acid
Examples thereof include metal salts and metal complexes thereof. The external additives used in the toner according to the present invention
explain about. The toner according to the present invention has fluidity,
For the purpose of improving electrical properties and cleaning properties,
A so-called external additive can be added for use. this
The external additives are not particularly limited, but various inorganic fine particles may be used.
Particles, organic fine particles and lubricants can be used. As the inorganic fine particles, conventionally known inorganic fine particles may be used.
Can be used. Specifically, silica, titanium,
Lumina fine particles and the like can be preferably used. these
The inorganic fine particles are preferably hydrophobic. Specifically
Is a silica fine particle, for example, manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.
Commercial products R-805, R-976, R-974, R-97
2, R-812, R-809, HVK- manufactured by Hoechst
2150, H-200, commercial product TS- manufactured by Cabot Corporation
720, TS-530, TS-610, H-5, MS-
5 and the like. As the titanium fine particles, for example,
Rosil's commercial products T-805 and T-604, Teika
Commercially available products MT-100S, MT-100B, MT-5
00BS, MT-600, MT-600SS, JA-
1. Commercial products made by Fuji Titanium Co., Ltd. TA-300SI, TA-
500, TAF-130, TAF-510, TAF-5
10T, commercial products IT-S, IT-OA manufactured by Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd.
IT-OB, IT-OC and the like can be mentioned. As the alumina fine particles, for example,
Commercial products RFY-C and C-604 manufactured by Erosil, from Ishihara
Commercially available TTO-55 manufactured by a trade company may be used. The organic fine particles may be number average primary particles.
Uses spherical organic fine particles with a diameter of about 10 to 2000 nm
can do. This includes styrene and methyl
Homopolymers such as methacrylate and copolymers thereof
Can be used. Examples of the lubricant include zinc and stearic acid.
Salts of aluminum, copper, magnesium, calcium, etc.
Of zinc, manganese, iron, copper, magnesium etc.
Salts, zinc, copper, magnesium, calcium of palmitic acid
Salts such as zinc, calcium, etc.
Of higher fatty acids such as zinc and calcium salts of
Metal salts. The amount of these external additives added to the toner
0.1-5 mass% is preferable. As a method for adding external additives
Is a turbular mixer, Hensiel mixer, Now
Various known mixing devices such as a mixer and a V-type mixer
Is mentioned. Production of the electrostatic image developing toner according to the present invention
The method will be described. << Manufacturing process >> The toner of the present invention
Add polymerizable monomer or polymerizable monomer solution as described in water
Dispersed in a system medium, and then contained a release agent by a polymerization method.
Adjusting the resin particles, using the resin particle dispersion
Fusing resin particles in an aqueous medium by heating
Washing to remove surfactants by filtering particles from aqueous medium
Purification step, drying the obtained particles, and further drying
Additive additives to add external additives, etc. to the resulting particles
It is preferable to manufacture by a polymerization method consisting of
No. Here, even if the resin particles are colored particles,
Good. Use of non-colored particles as resin particles
In this case, colorant particles can be added to the dispersion of resin particles.
After adding the particle dispersion, etc., it is necessary to fuse in an aqueous medium.
And can be used as colored particles. In particular, the fusion method is performed by a polymerization step.
Salting out / fusing using resin particles produced by
preferable. Also, when uncolored resin particles are used,
Means salting out / fusing resin particles and colorant particles in an aqueous medium
Can be made. Further, the present invention is not limited to the colorant and the release agent.
Addition of charge control agent, etc. as a component in this process as particles
can do. Here, the aqueous medium is water as a main component.
The content of water is 50% by mass or more
Is shown. Other than water, organic solvents that dissolve in water
Media, for example, methanol, ethanol
, Isopropanol, butanol, acetone, methyl
Ethyl ketone, tetrahydrofuran, etc.
it can. Preferably an organic solvent that does not dissolve the resin,
Methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol
Alcohol-based organic solvents such as toluene are particularly preferred. The preferred polymerization method in the present invention is
The monomer solution in which the release agent is dissolved in the
Mechanical surfactant in an aqueous medium in which a
Water-soluble polymerization is applied to the dispersion of oil droplets dispersed by energy.
A method of adding an initiator and performing radical polymerization may be given.
it can. In this case, an oil-soluble polymerization initiator is added to the monomer.
In addition, they may be used. As a dispersing machine for performing this oil droplet dispersion,
Although not particularly limited, for example, cleamic
, Ultrasonic disperser, mechanical homogenizer, mantongo
And pressure homogenizers.
You. The colorant itself may be used after surface modification.
No. Colorant surface modification method is to disperse the colorant in a solvent,
After the surface modifier is added therein, the temperature is raised and the reaction is carried out. Anti
After completion of the reaction, filter, repeat washing and filtration with the same solvent and dry.
To obtain a pigment treated with a surface modifier. Colorant particles are obtained by dispersing a colorant in an aqueous medium.
There are methods that are prepared by This dispersion is surface active in water
With the agent concentration above the critical micelle concentration (CMC)
Preferably. The disperser for dispersing the pigment is not particularly limited.
But preferably clear mix, ultrasonic disperser, mechanical
Homogenizer, Menton Gorin or pressure homogenizer
Pressure dispersing machine, sand grinder, Getzman
Media-type dispersing machines such as mills and diamond fine mills
I can do it. The surfactant used here is the same as that described above.
Surfactants can be used. Salting out / fusion
In the water where resin particles and colorant particles are present
Salting-out agent consisting of alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts, etc.
Is added as a coagulant above the critical coagulation concentration, and then the resin
Heating above the glass transition temperature of the particles promotes salting out.
This is a step of simultaneously performing fusion. Here, an alkali metal salt as a salting-out agent and
Alkaline earth metal salts are lithium
, Potassium, sodium, etc., and alkaline earth
Magnesium, calcium, strontium as metal
And barium and the like, preferably potassium, sodium, and the like.
Thorium, magnesium, calcium, barium
Can be Chlorine salt, bromine
Salts, iodine salts, carbonates, sulfates and the like. Method for Achieving Particle Size Distribution of Toner
Although not particularly limited, for example, by a method such as classification.
Control, the temperature and time during the meeting, and the end of the meeting.
Use a method such as controlling the stop method for
Can be. [0096] As a particularly preferable production method, a method in water
Methods to control the duration, meeting temperature, stop speed, etc.
Can be That is, when performing salting-out / fusion,
As short as possible after adding the precipitant
Is preferred. It is not clear why this is
The aggregation state of the particles fluctuates depending on the standing time after
Particle size distribution becomes unstable or fused toner surface
The problem that the characteristics fluctuate occurs. Add this salting-out agent
The temperature at which the heating is performed is not particularly limited. In the present invention, a dispersion of resin particles can be prepared.
The glass transition temperature of the resin particles.
Preferably, a heating method is used. Until this temperature rise
The time is less than 30 minutes, preferably less than 10 minutes
You. Furthermore, it is necessary to raise the temperature promptly.
The degree is preferably 1 ° C./min or more. Special as upper limit
Not clear, but coarse due to rapid salting out / fusion
From the viewpoint of suppressing the generation of particles, the temperature is preferably 15 ° C./min or less.
No. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the salting-out / fusion is performed by vitrification.
A method to continue the process even when the temperature exceeds the transfer temperature
I can give it. With this method, particles can be formed.
The fusion can proceed effectively with the length and the final
The durability as a typical toner can be improved. Further, a divalent metal salt is used at the time of the association.
It is possible to control the particle size especially by salting out / fusing.
Become. Although the reason for this is not clear, divalent metal salts
The repulsion force during salting out is increased by using
It is possible to effectively suppress the dispersing ability of the
Control of the exile distribution
Is determined. In order to stop salting out / fusion,
Preferably, a metal salt and water are added. Add this one
Salting out can be stopped by adding
Can suppress the presence of large and small particle size components
It becomes possible. Associating or fusing resin particles in an aqueous medium
Polymerized toner, the medium in the reaction vessel at the fusing stage
By controlling body flow and temperature distribution,
Heating temperature, stirring rotation speed, time in the shape control process after wearing
By controlling the gap, the shape distribution and shape of the entire toner
Can be changed arbitrarily. That is, the resin particles are associated or fused.
In the polymerization method toner, the flow in the reactor is made laminar,
A stirring blade capable of uniforming the internal temperature distribution; and
Using a stirring tank, the temperature in the fusion process and the shape control process
By controlling the degree, rotation speed and time, the shape of the present invention
Forming a toner having a coefficient and a uniform shape distribution.
Can be. The reason for this is that the
When particles are aggregated and fused,
Or agglomerated particles) without strong stress and
In the accelerated laminar flow, the temperature distribution in the stirring tank is uniform.
As a result, it is estimated that the shape distribution of fused particles will be uniform.
You. Furthermore, heating and stirring in the subsequent shape control process
The fused particles gradually become spherical, and the shape of the toner particles
Can be controlled. For controlling the toner of the present invention to a predetermined shape,
For this purpose, it is preferable to carry out salting out and fusion simultaneously.
In the method of heating after forming aggregated particles,
It is easy to produce cloth, and it is possible to suppress the generation of fine particles.
Can not. That is, do not stir the aggregated particles in the aqueous medium.
Aggregated particles are re-divided due to heating while
Is presumed to easily occur. The developer used in the present invention will be described.
You. Use as a two-component developer by mixing with a carrier
In this case, iron, ferrite,
Metals such as magnetite, those metals and aluminum,
Use a conventionally known material such as an alloy with a metal such as lead.
Can be. Particularly, ferrite particles are preferable. Above magnetism
The particles have a volume average particle size of 15 to 100 μm,
More preferably, the thickness is 25 to 80 μm. The measurement of the volume average particle size of a carrier is a typical method.
Is a laser diffraction type particle size distribution analyzer equipped with a wet disperser
"HELOS" (Sympathic (SYMP)
ATEC). In the carrier, the magnetic particles are further covered with a resin.
Magnetic particles dispersed in covered or resin
A so-called resin-dispersed carrier is preferred. Coty
Although there is no particular limitation on the resin composition for
For example, olefin resin, styrene resin, styrene
Kuryl resin, silicone resin, ester resin or
Is a fluorine-containing polymer resin or the like. Also, resin
The resin for forming the dispersion type carrier is particularly limited.
It is not specified and known ones can be used.
Tylene-acrylic resin, polyester resin, fluorine-based
Resins, phenolic resins and the like can be used. The electrostatic latent image bearing member (photosensitive member)
Will be described. As the photoreceptor according to the present invention
Is preferably an organic photoreceptor. The organic photoreceptor
As a preferable configuration of FIG. 1 (1) to FIG.
explain. Here, FIGS. 1 (1) to 1 (6) respectively show
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating one embodiment of a photoconductor used in the present invention.
You. FIG. 1A shows an intermediate layer 2 on a conductive support 1.
Via a charge generation material (CGM) and a charge transport material (CT)
Photoreceptor having a single-layered photosensitive layer 6 containing both M)
FIG. 1 (2) shows that an intermediate layer 2 is provided on a conductive support 1.
Transport layer containing charge transport material as main component
(CTL) 3 and charge generation material (CGM) as main components
And a charge generation layer (CGL) 4 containing the
FIG. 1 (3) is a photoconductor having a photosensitive layer 6 made of
Charge generating material (CG) on an intermediate support 1 via an intermediate layer 2
A charge generation layer (CGL) 4 containing
Charge transport layer containing a charge transport material as a main component (CT
L) a photosensitive layer 6 having a photosensitive layer 6 in which
Body. FIGS. 1 (4), (5) and (6) correspond to FIG.
The protective layer 5 is laminated on the photosensitive layer 6 of (1), (2) and (3).
The layered configuration is shown. The cross sections shown in FIGS. 1 (1) to 1 (6)
The figure shows a typical configuration.
Absent. Further, the intermediate layer 2 shown in these structures is required.
It may or may not be painted
Good. The intermediate layer has a semiconductive property such as titanium oxide.
Fine particles may be added. For the protective layer 5, silica or organic fine particles are added.
You can also. Further, CTM is added to the protective layer.
Is also good. The photoconductors shown in FIGS.
Charge generation material (CGM). For example, Phthalasi
Anine pigment, polycyclic quinone pigment, azo pigment, perylene face
Pigment, indigo pigment, quinacridone pigment, azurenium face
Dye, squalilium dye, cyanine dye, pyrylium dye
Pigment, thiopyrylium dye, xanthene dye, triphenyl
Methane dyes, styryl dyes, etc.
These can be used alone or as a mixture
A layer is formed together with it. Particularly preferred CGMs include phthalocyanine
Nin pigment, especially Bragg angle for Cu-Kα radiation
Titanylphthalo having a maximum peak at 2θ of 27.2 °
Cyanine-type pigments, for example, 2θ
Bisbenzimidazole perylene
Can be. The binder constituting the charge transport layer is public.
Known resins can be used, but preferred resins are
, Formal resin, butyral resin, silicone resin,
Silicon-modified butyral resin, phenoxy resin, etc.
Can be The ratio of binder resin to CGM is
20 to 600 parts by mass for 100 parts by mass of indah resin
But preferred. The thickness of the CGL layer is 0.01 to 2 μm.
preferable. The charge transport material contained in the photosensitive layer 6
(CTM) includes, for example, oxazole derivatives, oxo
Sadiazole derivative, thiazole derivative, triazole
Derivatives, imidazole derivatives, imidazoline derivatives, i
Midazolone derivatives, Bisimidazolidine derivatives, Stilly
Derivatives, hydrazone derivatives, benzidine derivatives
, Pyrazoline derivatives, stilbene derivatives, amine induction
Conductor, oxazolone derivative, benzothiazole derivative,
Benzimidazole derivatives, quinazoline derivatives, benzo
Furan derivatives, acridine derivatives, phenazine derivatives,
Aminostilbene derivatives, poly-N-carbazole,
Li-1-vinylpyrene, poly-9-vinylanthracene
And so on. These CTMs usually come with a binder
Layer formation can be performed. Among them, particularly preferred are those used in the present invention.
As a CTM, a trifie represented by the following general formula (3)
Enylamine styryl compounds. Embedded image In the general formula (3), R ₁ ~ R _Three Are the hydrogen sources
, A halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or
Represents a lucoxy group. l, m, and n represent an integer of 0 to 3.
Ar represents a hydrogen atom or an aryl group. The aryl
The group may be unsubstituted or have a substituent.
Examples of the substituent include a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, and a group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
And the like. Ants
Among these, a phenyl group is particularly preferred. The triphenylamido represented by the general formula (3)
Specific examples of the styryl compound are shown below.
It is not limited to these. Embedded image Embedded image Embedded image Embedded image Embedded image Embedded image The binder contained in the charge transport layer and
Is made of polycarbonate resin, polyester, styrene
Resin, acrylic resin, vinyl chloride resin, polyvinyl
Butyral, polyvinyl acetal, styrene-butadi
Ene resin, urethane resin, silicone resin, phenol
Resins, etc., and particularly preferred binders
Then, a polycarbonate resin can be used. The CTL converts the CTM into the organic solvent described above.
It is formed by dissolving the indah resin and applying and drying.
You. The ratio of CTM and binder resin in CTL is mass ratio
Is preferably 3: 1 to 1: 3. When a plurality of CTLs are formed,
Of the binder resin contained in the CTL formed in the uppermost layer
Preferably, the molecular weight is high. With this configuration,
This is because mechanical strength can be improved. In particular, a binder used for the uppermost CTL
Molecular weight of polycarbonate resin as resin is viscosity average
The molecular weight is preferably 50,000 or more, particularly
Preferably from 100,000 to 500,000
You. In addition, it is contained in the CTL formed in the lower layer.
The viscosity average molecular weight of the polycarbonate resin is that of the top layer
It is preferably smaller than. Preferred molecule in this case
The amount range is less than 50,000, preferably 20,000
~ 40,000. With this configuration, mechanical
Polishing resistance can be improved, and the film thickness on the thin-film photoreceptor can be improved.
Fluctuations can be minimized. As a conductive support for constituting a photosensitive member,
(1) Conductive gold such as aluminum and stainless steel
Genus, (2) insulation of paper or plastic film
Conductive gold such as aluminum, palladium, and gold on the substrate surface
Metal coated by lamination or evaporation
(3) Insulation of paper or plastic film
Conductive polymer, indium oxide, tin oxide, etc.
Any conductive compound layer formed by coating or evaporation
And the like. Coating for producing photoreceptor according to the present invention
Examples of the method include dip coating and JP-A-3-90250.
And spray coating described in JP-A-3-269238.
Circular quantity control type described in JP-A-58-189061
There are coating methods such as coating. Among them, circular coating type coating
The cloth method dissolves the lower layer as a method of manufacturing a laminated structure
The upper layer can be applied without using
You can. The image forming method of the present invention will be described.
The image forming method of the present invention forms a latent image on an electrostatic latent image carrier.
Forming a latent image, and visualizing the latent image using toner.
Developing step, and the toner image formed on the latent image carrier
A transfer step of transferring an image onto a transfer object, and
An image having at least a fixing step of fixing on the transfer-receiving member
2. The image forming method according to claim 1, wherein the toner is used as the toner.
An electrostatic image developing toner is used. Further, in the image forming method of the present invention,
Supply thinned non-magnetic toner to the surface of electrostatic latent image forming body
And developing the latent image. Image forming apparatus according to the image forming method of the present invention
Is a toner conveying member, a toner layer regulating member, and a toner replenishing member.
An auxiliary member is provided.
Feeding member, toner layer regulating member and toner conveying member.
It is preferable that they are in contact with each other. The toner transporting member transfers non-magnetic toner by electrophotography.
To supply to an electrostatic latent image forming body such as a photoreceptor;
As a material, sufficient contact with the electrostatic latent image forming body
From the viewpoint of securing the development area, an elastic member is preferable.
New In the present invention, the toner conveying member has
Rollers made of tongue rubber or silicone rubber or conductive endless
(Such as nickel or PET base surface
Sponge inside conductive material)
Those containing a girola are preferably used. [0136] The toner layer regulating member is
To apply toner evenly and impart triboelectric charging
It has a function, and more specifically, elastic
Sexual body is used. Transfer the toner layer regulating member to the toner
A thin layer of toner is formed on the toner conveying member by abutting the conveying member.
To achieve. The thin layer of the toner is the toner in the development area.
Is formed in a state of a maximum of 10 layers, preferably 5 layers or less.
Layer. In the present invention, the uniformity of toner conveyance
Of uneven transport and white streaks on images
From the viewpoint, the toner layer regulating member is
Contacted at a pressure of 100 mN / cm to 5 N / cm
Preferably, more preferably 200 mN / cm ~
4 N / cm. [0138] The toner replenishment auxiliary member is provided for the toner conveying member.
And a unit for stably supplying toner. This
Is a water wheel-shaped roller with stirring blades
Alternatively, a sponge-like roller can be used. Departure
Light, stabilization of toner supply, streak-like image defects
From the viewpoint of prevention of occurrence, the toner supply member is
Those whose diameter is in the range of 0.2 to 1.5 times the material
preferable. Next, the present invention is used for the image forming method of the present invention.
One embodiment of the developing device (developing device) will be specifically described with reference to FIG.
I will tell. FIG. 2 is used in the image forming method of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view of a developing device. In FIG. 2, the toner tank
Non-magnetic one-component toner 16 contained in toner
The stirring blade 15 as a supply auxiliary member also causes the toner
Forcibly on the sponge roller 14 as a supplementary auxiliary member
Conveyed and supplied. The sprocket mounted on the sponge roller 14
The rotation of the sponge roller 14 in the direction of the arrow
The toner is conveyed onto a rubber roller 12 as a toner conveying member,
Electrostatically on the surface due to friction with the rubber roller 12, and
Physically adsorbed. On the other hand, on the rubber roller 12
The toner adhering to the roller rotates the rubber roller 12 in the direction of the arrow.
Steel blade as a member for regulating toner and toner layer thickness
13, and is triboelectrically charged. The torso formed on the rubber roller 12 in this manner
The thinner layer is an electrophotographic photosensitive drum as an electrostatic latent image carrier.
A latent image due to contact or proximity to the surface of the
Developed. Incidentally, the current state used in the image forming method of the present invention.
The imager is not limited to FIG. The fixing method used in the present invention includes
A so-called contact heating method is cited as a preferred fixing method.
You. In particular, as a contact heating method, a heat and pressure fixing method,
Includes heat roller fixing method and fixedly arranged heating element
Press-contact heat fixing method in which fixing is performed by rotating rotating pressure member
Can be given. In the heat roll fixing method, the surface is often
Tetrafluoroethylene or polytetrafluoroethylene
-Perfluoroalkoxy vinyl ether copolymers, etc.
Metal syringe composed of iron or aluminum coated with aluminum
With an upper roller that has a heat source inside the
And the lower roller formed. As a heat source
Has a linear heater and adjusts the surface temperature of the upper roller to 12
Heating to about 0 to 200 ° C. is a typical example. Establishment
In the part, apply pressure between the upper roller and lower roller to
Deform the roller to form a so-called nip. Nip width
1 to 10 mm, preferably 1.5 to 7 mm
You. Fixing linear speed is 40mm / sec to 600mm / sec
Is preferred. When the nip is narrow, heat is evenly distributed to the toner
It becomes impossible to apply the toner, and uneven fixing occurs.
On the other hand, if the nip width is wide, melting of the resin is promoted,
A problem that the fixing offset becomes excessive occurs. Further, in the image forming apparatus used in the present invention,
It is preferable to provide a fixing cleaning mechanism.
No. Silicone oil is used as the fixing cleaning mechanism
And system to supply the toner to the upper roller or film
Pads, rollers, webs, etc. impregnated with silicone oil
Cleaning method can be used. In addition, the present invention
Is a rotating pressure member that contains a fixedly arranged heating element.
A more fixing system can also be preferably used. This fixing method uses a fixedly arranged heating element.
And press against the heating element and record via the film
Pressing and fixing with a pressure member that brings the material into close contact with the heating element
The fixing unit used for press-contact heat fixing is:
The heating element has a smaller heat capacity than the conventional heating roller,
It has a line-shaped heating section in the direction perpendicular to the recording material passage direction
The maximum temperature of the heating part is usually 100 to 300 ° C
It is preferably adjusted to. Image Form Used in Image Forming Method of the Present Invention
It is preferable that the printer has a toner recycling mechanism.
Commonly used. Hereinafter, the toner recycling will be described with reference to FIG.
1 illustrates one embodiment of an apparatus. In the figure, 21 is a developing device, 22 is a developing device.
Developer conveying sleeve, 23 is a developer conveying screw, 11 is
Electrophotographic photosensitive drum (photoconductor), 25 is a cleaner
Part, 26 is a cleaning member (elastic blade), 27 is
Recycled toner collection screw, 28 is recycled
4 shows a knives conveying screw. In FIG. 3, the cleaning member 26
The scraped transfer residual toner is recycled.
Conveyed from the cleaner by screw 27
To the developing device 21 again from the toner conveyance screw 28
Supplied. Incidentally, the toner recycling used in the present invention
The mechanism is not limited to FIG. Toner recycling method
Other than the above, it is developed on the photoreceptor and is not transferred to paper etc.
The toner remaining on the photoreceptor with a blade, etc.
A method of transporting the toner to a developing device can be given. To the developer
Can be returned directly, once refilled with toner and recycled
Mix the recovered toner with an intermediate tank in advance
A method of supplying the image to the imager can also be used. An example of an image forming apparatus used in the present invention is shown in FIG.
4 using a color electrophotographic image forming apparatus as shown in FIG.
You. FIG. 4 is a color electrophotograph used in the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating an example of an image forming apparatus. In the main body of the color electrophotographic image forming apparatus,
First, second, third and fourth image forming units Pa, Pb, Pc
And Pd are installed in parallel. Each image forming unit has the same configuration
And form visible images (toner images) of different colors, respectively.
You. The image forming units Pa, Pb, Pc and Pd are:
Each dedicated electrostatic latent image carrier (electrophotographic photoreceptor
1) 1a, 1b, 1c and 1d. Each image formation
Electrophotographic feeling formed by parts Pa, Pb, Pc and Pd
Optical drum (may be abbreviated as photosensitive drum) 1a, 1
The images on b, 1c and 1d are adjacent to each image forming unit.
Recording material carried and conveyed on a moving recording material carrier 18
(Transfer material, image support). Furthermore, recording materials
The above image is heated and pressed by the fixing unit (fixing unit) 10.
The recording material is discharged to the tray 61. Next, the latent image forming section of each image forming section
explain about. Photoconductor drums 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d
Around the discharge lamps 21a, 21b, 21
c, 21d, drum chargers 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, image
A laser beam exposure device 17a as exposure means, a potential cell
Sensors 22a, 22b, 22c and 22d are provided.
You. To the charge removal exposure lamps 21a, 21b, 21c, 21d
The photosensitive drums 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d from which the charge has been removed
Is uniformly controlled by the drum chargers 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d.
Charged, and then by the laser beam exposure device 17a
The photosensitive drums 1a, 1b, 1
c, 1d, color-separated static electricity corresponding to the image signal
A latent image is formed. The image forming apparatus according to the present invention includes an image exposure device.
The steps include other than the laser beam exposure apparatus 17a described above.
Basic image units such as LED array exposure equipment
(Pixel) light levels other than off illuminate multiple lights
A well-known multi-level exposure means that can emit light can be suitably used. The electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive drum is
It is developed at the step and becomes a visible image. That is, the developing means
Cyan, magenta, yellow and black respectively
Developing units 3a, 3b, 3 filled with a predetermined amount of color developer
c, 3d, the photosensitive drums 1a, 1b,
Develop the electrostatic latent images formed on 1c and 1d, and
(Toner image). Next, the transfer section will be described. Recording material power
The recording material held in the set 60 passes through a registration roller.
Then, the recording material is fed to the recording material carrier 18. When the recording material carrier 18 starts rotating,
The recording material is transported from the registration rollers onto the recording material carrier 18
Sent. At this time, the image writing signal is turned ON,
The first electrophotographic photosensitive drum 1a
An image is formed thereon. Below the first electrophotographic photosensitive drum 1a
Is provided with a transfer charger 4a and a transfer pressing member 41a.
And the transfer pressing member 41a uniformly moves toward the photosensitive drum.
And the transfer charger 4a applies an electric field.
The toner image on the photosensitive drum 1a on the recording material
Transfer to At this time, the recording material is the recording material carrier 1
8 and held on the second image forming portion Pb by electrostatic attraction.
And the recording material are conveyed, and the next transfer is performed. Below
The third and fourth image forming units Pc and P are formed in the same manner as described above.
The recording material to which the toner image formed by d is transferred is
Static electricity is removed by the separation charger (separation pole) 9 and the electrostatic attraction force
Is released from the recording material carrier 18 by the attenuation of
(Fixing device). The fixing section 10 includes a fixing roller 71 and a pressure roller.
Cleaning the roller 72 and the rollers 71 and 72, respectively.
Heat-resistant cleaning members 73 and 74, rollers 71 and 7
2 heaters 75 and 76, dimethyl silicone
Which release agent oil is applied to the fixing roller 71
Cloth roller 77, oil reservoir for supplying its oil
78, comprising a thermistor 79 for fixing temperature control
I have. After the transfer, the photosensitive drums la, lb, lc,
The toner and the like remaining on the ld are removed by the photoconductor cleaning unit 5.
a, 5b, 5c, 5d, followed by
In preparation for the next latent image formation. Also, the residual on the image support 8
The retained toner and the like are neutralized by the belt neutralizer 12.
After removing the electrostatic attraction force, in this example the non-woven fabric
It is removed by the cleaning device 62. Cleaning equipment
As the setting 62, a rotating fur brush or a blade
Alternatively, a device using them in combination is also used. EXAMPLES The present invention will be described below in detail with reference to examples.
However, the present invention is not limited to these. Example 1 << Preparation of Latex 1 >> Stirrer, Temperature Sensor, Cooling
5000 ml separaburg with tube and nitrogen inlet
Add an anionic surfactant (dodecylbenzenesulfur) to Lasco
Ion exchange 7.08 g of sodium fonate (SDS)
A solution dissolved in water (2760 g) is added. Nitrogen
While stirring at a stirring speed of 230 rpm while flowing down, the internal temperature was raised to 80
The temperature was raised to ° C. On the other hand, 72.0 g of Exemplified Compound 19)
115.1 g of styrene, n-butyl acrylate
0 g and 10.9 g of methacrylic acid.
Then, it is heated to 80 ° C and dissolved to prepare a monomer solution.
Was. Here, the mechanical disperser having a circulation path
Mixing and dispersing the heated solution, milk having a uniform dispersed particle size
Particles were prepared. Then, a polymerization initiator (potassium persulfate)
0.84g dissolved in 200g ion-exchanged water
Add the solution and heat and stir at 80 ° C for 3 hours.
And to produce latex particles. Continue to further polymerization
7.73 g of initiator (KPS) in 240 ml of ion-exchanged water
The dissolved solution is added and 15 minutes later, styrene is added at 80 ° C.
383.6 g, n-butyl acrylate 140.0 g,
36.4 g of methacrylic acid, n-octyl-3-mercap
A mixed solution of 14.0 g of topropionic acid ester was added for 120 minutes.
The solution was dropped. After heating and stirring for 60 minutes after dropping, 4
After cooling to 0 ° C., latex particles were obtained. This latex particle is referred to as Latex 1.
You. << Production of colored particles >> (Production of colored particles 1Bk) sodium n-dodecyl sulfate
= 9.2 g was dissolved in 160 ml of ion-exchanged water with stirring.
Regal 330R (manufactured by Cabot Corporation) is added to this solution while stirring.
20 g of carbon black) is gradually added.
Dispersed using Amix. Otsuka Electronics' electrophoresis
Using a light scattering photometer ELS-800, the particles of the dispersion
As a result of measuring the diameter, the weight average diameter was 112 nm.
This dispersion is referred to as “colorant dispersion 1”. 1250 g of the “latex 1” described above and
2,000 ml of exchanged water and “colorant dispersion 1”
5 equipped with a sensor, cooling pipe, nitrogen introduction device, and stirring device
Stir into a liter four-necked flask. Adjust to 30 ° C
After adjustment, 5 mol / l sodium hydroxide was added to this solution.
The aqueous solution was added to adjust the pH to 10.0. About
And ion exchange 52.6 g of magnesium chloride hexahydrate
An aqueous solution dissolved in 72 ml of water was stirred at 30 ° C. for 5 minutes.
Was added in between. Then, after standing for 2 minutes,
And the temperature is raised to 90 ° C. in 5 minutes (heating rate = 1
2 ° C / min). In this state, the particle size is measured using a Coulter Counter
When measured by AII and the volume average particle size becomes 4.3 μm
At the point, 115 g of sodium chloride and 700 ml of ion-exchanged water
The particle growth is stopped by adding an aqueous solution dissolved in
Continue to heat and stir at a liquid temperature of 85 ° C ± 2 ° C for 8 hours,
Salt out / fusion. Thereafter, 30 ° C./min.
° C, add hydrochloric acid, adjust pH to 2.0,
Stirring was stopped. The produced colored particles are filtered under the following conditions.
Wash, then dry with warm air at 40 ° C to obtain colored particles
Was. This is referred to as “colored particles 1Bk”. (Production of Colored Particle 1Y)
Instead of carbon black in the production, C.I. I. Pig
Colored grains in the same manner except that
Got a child. This is referred to as “colored particle 1Y”. (Production of colored particles 1M)
Instead of carbon black in the production, C.I. I. Pig
Colored particles were prepared in the same manner except that ment red 122 was used.
Got. This is referred to as “colored particles 1M”. (Production of Colored Particle 1C)
Instead of carbon black in the production, C.I. I. Pig
Colored grains in the same manner except that Men Blue 15: 3 was used.
Got a child. This is referred to as “colored particle 1C”. (Colored particles 2Bk, 3Bk, 4Bk and 5
Production of Bk) Table 1 shows the production of the colored particles 1Bk.
In the same manner except that the production conditions described above were changed,
Bk-5Bk were each manufactured. (Production of Colored Particles 6Bk to 8Bk) Colored Particles
In the production of the child 1Bk, the production conditions shown in Table 1 were set.
At the time when the volume average particle size becomes 3.8 μm.
The crystal growth is stopped, and the colored particles 6Bk to 8Bk are respectively added.
Manufactured. (Production of Colored Particles 9Bk to 11Bk)
In the production of particles 1Bk, the production conditions shown in Table 1 were set.
And when the volume average particle diameter becomes 5.5 μm
The particle growth is stopped, and each of the colored particles 9Bk to 11Bk is stopped.
Was manufactured. (Production of colored particles 12Bk, 13Bk)
In the production of the color particles 1Bk, the volume average particle size is 1.5 μm.
m and 9.3 μm, the particle growth was stopped.
Except that the colored particles 12Bk and 13Bk are
Each was manufactured. (Production of colored particles 14Bk and 15Bk)
In the production of the color particles 1Bk, the volume average particle size is 5.8 μm.
m, 5.4 μm, the grain growth was stopped.
Except that the colored particles 14Bk and 15Bk are
Each was manufactured. (Production of Colored Particles 4Y)
C. instead of carbon black in the production. I. Pig
Colored grains in the same manner except that
Got a child. This is referred to as “colored particles 4Y”. (Production of Colored Particles 4M)
Instead of carbon black in the production, C.I. I. Pig
Colored particles were prepared in the same manner except that ment red 122 was used.
Got. This is referred to as “colored particles 4M”. (Production of Colored Particles 4C)
C. instead of carbon black in the production. I. Pig
Colored grains in the same manner except that Men Blue 15: 3 was used.
Got a child. This is referred to as “colored particles 4C”. The production conditions of the colored particles are shown in Table 1, and the obtained colored
Table 2 shows the physical properties of each of the particles. [Table 1] [Table 2] (Production of Toner Particles) Obtained Colored Particles 1
Bk to 15Bk, colored particles 1Y, 1M, 1C, 4Y, 4
M and 4C were each provided with a hydrophobic silica (number average primary particle size =
12 nm, hydrophobicity = 68) 1% by mass and hydrophobic oxidation
Titanium (number average primary particle size = 20 nm, hydrophobicity = 6
3) Add, mix with Henschel mixer and add toner
1Bk to 15Bk, toner 1Y to 1C, toner 4Y to 4
C was obtained. The physical properties such as the shape and particle size of the toner are shown in Table 1.
This was the same as the physical property data of the colored particles shown in FIG. (Production of Developer) Each of the above toner particles
On the other hand, a volume average particle diameter of 60 μm coated with silicone resin
Mixed with a ferrite carrier with a toner concentration of 6%.
Image agents 1Bk to 15Bk, toners 1Y to 1C, toner 4Y
-4C were each manufactured. << Production Example of Photoconductor >> (Production of Photoconductor A) Aluminum Drum with a Diameter of 60 mm
Polyamide resin (Amilan CM-8000: Toray Industries, Inc.)
1.5 parts by mass of 90 parts by volume of methanol and butanol
Dip coating of a coating solution dissolved in a mixed solvent with 10 parts by volume
Cloth was performed to form an intermediate layer having a thickness of 0.23 μm. Then
Polyvinyl butyral (Eslec BL-S: Sekisui Chemical
0.8 parts by mass of methyl isopropyl ketone 100
Dissolve in parts by weight and add titanyl phthalocyanine to the resulting solution.
Mixing and dispersing 2 parts by weight of anine
Charge generation with a thickness of 0.2μm after dip coating and drying on the layer
A green layer was formed. Then, BP as polycarbonate
20 parts by mass of Z (viscosity average molecular weight = 30,000) and electric charge
15 parts by mass of a transport substance (T-9) and 1,2-dichloroethane
The coating solution dissolved in 100 parts by volume of the
A first electrode having an average film thickness of 4 μm after dip coating and drying
A transport layer (CTL) was formed. (Production of Photoconductors B to E)
Here, as shown in Table 3, the average film after drying of the charge transport layer was used.
Photoconductors B to E were prepared in the same manner except that the thickness was changed.
Were each manufactured. The charge transport layer of each of the obtained photoreceptors A to E
And the difference between the maximum film thickness and the minimum film thickness. [Table 3] Next, the photosensitive members A to E and the developer were
Use Konica Sitios 7040 (digital copy
Machine), and compare and evaluate the obtained images.
Was. << Evaluation of Image Quality >> As the recording material to be used,
Using a 55 kg sheet, an image was formed in the vertical direction. Ma
The image forming conditions include a high temperature and high humidity environment (32 ° C., 85
% RH) Mincho type / 9.6 points for "dust"
Developed. The obtained “dust” character image was passed over 10 generations.
10 members to determine whether they can be copied and read as characters
The number of readable generations is determined by the average
Refused. In the present invention, a high quality image is defined as
Even if you copy for at least 9 generations,
It is a case where it is legible as. << Evaluation of Cleaning Property >>
Temperature (pixel ratio = 30%) in 100 low-temperature, low-humidity environments
(10 ° C, 10% RH), poor cleaning
The presence or absence of the occurrence is visually determined, and the rank evaluation as shown in Table 4 is performed.
Value. The cleaning method is blade cleaning.
Was adopted. ：: No problem Δ: Slight occurrence of cleaning failure X: Occurrence of cleaning failure Table 4 shows the obtained results. [Table 4] As shown in Table 4, the sample of the present invention is different from the comparative sample.
Higher image quality and better cleaning performance
It is clear to show. Example 2 << Evaluation of Color Difference >> Using the above developer group and photoreceptor,
Evaluation was conducted using a color copier with a transfer body.
Was. Y / M / C / Bk developing unit around stacked photoreceptor
After developing each color on the photoreceptor,
Each color is transferred on the photo body, and full color image is transferred on the intermediate transfer body.
During image transfer after transferring to paper
A structure having an intermediary transfer member was used. The photoconductor
Cleaning uses a blade cleaning method.
Was. As a fixing method, a pressure-contact type heat fixing device is used
Was. Evaluation was made on a document having a full-color pixel rate of 25%.
1000 in a high temperature and high humidity environment of 30 ° C / 80% RH
And print the difference between the chroma of the 1st and 1000th images.
The evaluation was made based on the color difference. The color difference was evaluated by the following method. That is, the secondary color (red) in each image
, Blue, green) of the solid image part
Measured by cbeth Color-Eye7000 "
Then, the color difference is calculated using the CMC (2: 1) color difference formula, and
The rank was evaluated visually as described above. 5 or less: no change in color tone is detected but more than 5 and 8 or less: enough to cause discomfort in skin color and food images
There is a slight change in color from 8 to 9 or less: red, green, blue, etc.
When the color difference obtained by the CMC (2: 1) color difference equation in which a change in color is clearly detected is 5 or less.
If the color change of the formed image is acceptable,
It is. Table 5 shows the obtained results. [Table 5] Table 5 shows that the sample of the present invention has a very small color difference.
Clearly not. According to the present invention, high image quality and good quality can be obtained.
Shows leaning properties and at the beginning of development and after running
It is possible to provide an image forming method with a small color difference between images.
Was.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIGS. 1 (1) to (6) are schematic cross-sectional views each showing one embodiment of a photoreceptor used in the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of a developing device used in the image forming method of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic view illustrating one embodiment of a toner recycling apparatus used in the present invention. FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view showing an example of a color electrophotographic image forming apparatus used in the present invention. [Description of Signs] 1 conductive support 2 intermediate layer 3 charge transport layer (CTL) 4 charge generation layer (CGL) 5 protective layer 6 photosensitive layer 11 electrophotographic photosensitive drum (photoconductor) 12 rubber roller 13 steel elastic blade 14 Sponge roller 15 Stirring blade 16 Non-magnetic one-component toner 17 Toner tank 21 Developing unit 22 Developer transport sleeve 23 Developer transport screw 25 Cleaner unit 26 Cleaning member (elastic blade) 27 Recycled toner recovery screw 28 Recycled toner transport screw 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d Electrostatic latent image carrier (electrophotographic photosensitive drum, photosensitive drum) 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d Drum charger 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d Developer 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d Transfer charging Devices 41a, 41b, 41c, 41d Transfer pressing members 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d Optical element cleaning unit 10 Fixing unit (fixing unit) 16a Tip edge 17a Laser beam exposure devices 21a, 21b, 21c, 21d Electric charge eliminating exposure lamps 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d Potential sensors Pa, Pb, Pc, Pd Image forming unit 71 , 72 Heating roller 73, 74 Heat resistant cleaning member 75, 76 Heater 77 Oil application roller 78 Oil reservoir 79 Thermistor

   ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page    (72) Inventor Meizo Shirase             Konica stock, 2970 Ishikawacho, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo             In the company F-term (reference) 2H005 EA05                 2H068 AA35 AA37 FC08

Claims (1)

Claims: 1. A latent image formed on an electrostatic latent image carrier having a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer on a conductive support includes an electrostatic image developing toner. An image forming method comprising the steps of developing with a developer, developing the image, and transferring the image to an image support, wherein the toner has a 50% volume particle diameter (Dv5
0) and the 50% number particle size (Dp50) (Dv50 / D
p50) is 1.0 to 1.15, the cumulative 75% volume particle size (Dv75) from the larger volume particle size of the toner, and the cumulative 75% number particle size from the larger number particle size of the toner. The ratio of the diameter (Dp75) (Dv75 / Dp75) is 1.0
0.7 × (Dp in all toners)
50) An image forming method, wherein the number of toners is 10% by number or less, and the average thickness of the charge transport layer is 5 μm to 15 μm.