JP2003003592A - 2' x 4' wooden structure and structural plane material thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve retentive force of nails fixing a structural plane material. SOLUTION: The structural plane material 18 is made from hardened paper sludge, an industrial waste. This can enlarge the specific gravity of the structural plane material 18. Consequently the structural material can be made highly dense and can bring up the retentivity of the nail 19.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a two-by-four wooden building and a structural face material used therein.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, two-by-four wooden structures are
There is a bearing wall that can resist horizontal forces such as earthquakes and wind. This bearing wall employs structural facings for its bearing elements. This structural face material is fixed by being driven by a plurality of nails with respect to a shaft set formed by driving a plurality of square members with nails.

[0003]

However, since the structural face material in the conventional two-by-four wooden building is made of DAILIGHT (registered trademark), MDF, softwood plywood, etc., their specific gravity is mainly around 0.7. . That is, since the structural face material has a low density, the nail holding force is low.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a structural surface material used for a two-by-four wooden structure having a high nail holding property. Also, by increasing the nail retention of the structural surface material,
It is to provide a two-by-four wooden structure capable of improving the seismic strength.

[0005]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the invention according to claim 1 is a structural face material fixed by being nailed to a frame of a two-by-four wooden building. The gist is that the fibrous material is mixed in the inorganic amorphous material.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, a structural face member is provided on a frame assembly constituted by a plurality of square members nailed together, and the structural face member is fixed to the frame member by nailing. In the above two-by-four wooden building, the gist is that the structural face material is the structural face material according to claim 1 or 2.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, a two-for-four structure is provided in which a structural face member is provided on a shaft assembly formed by nailing a plurality of square members, and the structural face member is fixed to the shaft member by nailing. In a wooden building, the gist is that the structural face material is the structural face material according to claim 1 or 2.

The "action" of the present invention will be described below. According to the invention of claim 1, since the structural face material is made of a mixture of an inorganic amorphous material and a fibrous material,
For example, the specific gravity is larger than that of a structural face material made of dilite, MDF, softwood plywood, or the like. Therefore, since the structural face material has a high density, the nail holding force can be increased.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, since the structural face material is formed by hardening the papermaking sludge which is an industrial waste, for example, die light, MDF,
The specific gravity is larger than that of a structural face material composed of softwood plywood or the like. Therefore, since the structural face material has a high density, the nail holding force can be increased. At the same time, by effectively using the industrial waste, the material cost of the structural face material can be reduced.

According to the invention of claim 3, claim 1
Alternatively, since the structural face member described in 2 is used, even if the structural face member is fixed to the frame by nailing, the holding force of the nail can be increased. Therefore, the seismic performance of the wooden building can be improved. Further, when the structural face material is made of paper sludge as a material, the cost of the structural face material can be reduced, which can lead to a reduction in the construction cost of the entire wooden building.

[0011]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION (First Embodiment) A first embodiment of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.

As shown in FIG. 1, a framework 12 is provided on a foundation 11 of a wooden building constructed by the two-by-four construction method (framework construction method). The frame assembly 12 is composed of a vertical frame member 15 and a horizontal frame member 16 which are fixed to each other by nailing. The frame 12 includes a vertical frame member 15 and a horizontal frame member 1.
A rectangular opening 17 is formed by being surrounded by 6 and 6. The vertical frame member 15 and the horizontal frame member 16 are 2 × 6, 2 × 8, 2 × 1 in addition to the 2 × 4 inch square members.
Square bars of 0, 2 × 12, 4 × 4, 4 × 6 inches are used.

A quadrangular structural face member 18 is provided outside the shaft assembly 12. The width of the structural face material 17 is 30
The length is 0 to 1300 mm and the length is 3100 to 3300 mm. The structural face member 18 is fixed to the vertical frame member 15 and the horizontal frame member 16 that form the shaft assembly 12 by driving a large number of nails 19 therein. The interval at which the nails 19 are driven is about 10 cm. Then, a plurality of structural face members 18 are fixed to the frame assembly 12 to form a bearing wall W that resists a horizontal force due to an earthquake, wind, or the like.

Next, the material for forming the structural face material 18, which is an essential part of this embodiment, will be described in detail below. As shown in the schematic view of FIG. 2, the structural face material 18 has a thickness of 6 to 25 mm.
It is composed of the composite cured body 1. In particular, in the case of the structural face material 18 used for the wooden house as in this embodiment, it is more preferable that the thickness thereof be 9 to 12 mm. The composite cured body 1 is one in which an inorganic crystal body exists in the inorganic amorphous body 2 and the fibrous material 3 is mixed in the inorganic amorphous body 2. The presence of this inorganic crystal body improves the compressive strength, bending strength, and crack resistance. This is because the crystal body inhibits the progress of cracks and improves the hardness and density to make the cracks less likely to occur.

As such a crystal, Hydrogen Al
uminum Silicate, Kaolinite, Zeolite, Gehlenite, sy
n, Anorthite, Melitite, Gehlenite-synthetic, tobe
rmorite, xonotlite, ettringite, SiO ₂ , Al ₂
O ₃ , CaO, Na ₂ O, MgO, P ₂ O ₅ , SO ₃ , K
_There are oxides such as ₂ O, TiO ₂ , MnO, Fe ₂ O ₃ and ZnO, and crystals such as CaCO ₃ (Calcite). The content of the crystal body is 0.1 with respect to the total weight of the cured composite body 1.
It is desirable that the content be ˜50% by weight. The reason for this is that the above effect cannot be obtained if there are too few crystals, and conversely, a decrease in strength results if the amount is too large.

By the way, the above-mentioned Al ₂ O ₃ —SiO ₂ -based crystalline compound is hydrogen aluminum silicate, kaolinit.
e, Zeolite, Al ₂ O ₃ -CaO system crystalline compound is Calc
ium Aluminate CaO-SiO ₂ type crystalline compound is Cal
Cium Silicate, Al ₂ O ₃ —SiO ₂ —CaO-based crystalline compound is Gehienite, syn, Anorthite, or Al ₂
O ₃ -SiO ₂ -CaO-MgO system crystalline compound is Meli
tite and Gehlenite-synthetic.

Further, calcium carbonate (Calc
ite) may be added. Although calcium carbonate itself is not a strength-developing substance, it is considered that the surrounding of calcium carbonate by an inorganic amorphous material contributes to the improvement of strength by the action of preventing the development of cracks. It is also presumed that calcium carbonate may play the role of a pillar for the force of compression. The content of this calcium carbonate is preferably 48% by weight or less based on the total weight of the composite hardened material 1. The reason for this is that if it exceeds 48% by weight, the bending strength will decrease. Further, the content is
0.1 weight% or more is desirable. Below 0.1% by weight,
This is because it does not contribute to the strength improvement.

The inorganic amorphous material used in this embodiment is not particularly limited, and Si, Al, Ca, Na, M
Inorganic amorphous bodies of various oxides containing at least one element selected from g, P, S, K, Ti, Mn, Fe and Zn can be used. In particular, an inorganic amorphous material composed of a system of two or more kinds of oxides is most suitable.

Such an inorganic amorphous compound has a fluorescence X
By line analysis, the elements that make up the oxide (Al, Si, C
a, Na, Mg, P, S, K, Ti, Mn, Fe, Zn
2 or more) selected from the above, and a halo is observed in the range of 2θ: 20 ° to 40 ° in the chart of analysis by X-ray diffraction. The halo is a gentle undulation of X-ray intensity, and is observed as a broad ridge on the X-ray chart. The halo has a half width of 2θ: 2 ° or more.

In the composite cured body 1, first, the inorganic amorphous body 2 and the inorganic crystal body interact with each other to become a strength-developing substance, and further, the fibrous material 3 is dispersed in the inorganic amorphous body 2 to fracture toughness. Since the value is improved, the bending strength value and impact resistance can be improved. Further, the amorphous material is more likely to have pores than the crystalline material, and the specific gravity is easier to adjust. Further, the amorphous body has no strength anisotropy and a homogeneous cured body can be obtained. In addition, it is considered that the fracture toughness value is improved because the fibrous material is more easily dispersed uniformly in the amorphous material than in the crystalline material.

Here, as the oxide, a metal and / or a non-metal oxide can be used, and Al ₂ O ₃ , SiO ₂ and Ca can be used.
O, Na ₂ O, MgO, P ₂ O ₅ , SO ₃ , K ₂ O, Ti
It is desirable to be selected from O ₂ , MnO, Fe ₂ O ₃ and ZnO. Especially, Al ₂ O ₃ -SiO ₂ -CaO-based or Al ₂ O ₃ -SiO ₂ -CaO- oxide comprising an inorganic amorphous substance, or complexes of these inorganic amorphous material is optimal. Incidentally, the oxide in the latter inorganic amorphous body,
It is one or more kinds of metal and / or non-metal oxides other than Al ₂ O ₃ , SiO ₂ and CaO.

First, in the inorganic amorphous material consisting of Al ₂ O ₃ —SiO ₂ —CaO system, all or part of each component of Al ₂ O ₃ , SiO ₂ and CaO are solid-solved or hydrated with each other. It is a compound having an amorphous structure produced by. That is, Al ₂ O ₃ —SiO ₂ , SiO ₂ —CaO, Al ₂ O ₃
It is considered to include any of the compounds formed by solid solution or hydration reaction with a combination of —CaO and Al ₂ O ₃ —SiO ₂ —CaO.

Such an inorganic amorphous compound has fluorescence X
By line analysis, Al, Si, and Ca are confirmed, and in the chart of analysis by X-ray diffraction, a halo is seen in the range of 2θ: 20 ° to 40 °. The halo is a gentle undulation of X-ray intensity, and is observed as a broad ridge on the X-ray chart.

Further, in addition to Al ₂ O ₃ , SiO ₂ and CaO, a system containing at least one oxide, that is, Al ₂ O ₃
The inorganic amorphous body composed of SiO ₂ —CaO— oxide system is
In addition to the combination in the Al ₂ O ₃ —SiO ₂ —CaO system, Al ₂ O ₃ —oxide, SiO ₂ —oxide, CaO—oxide, Al ₂ O ₃ —SiO ₂ -oxide, SiO ₂ — CaO-
Oxide, Al ₂ O ₃ -CaO- oxide, or Al ₂ O ₃ -S
It is considered to include any of the compounds formed by solid solution or hydration reaction with a combination of iO ₂ -CaO-oxide.

Such an inorganic amorphous compound has a fluorescence X
By line analysis, in addition to Al, Si, and Ca, the elements (Na, Mg, P, S, K, Ti, Mn, F) that constitute the oxide
e, at least one selected from Zn) was confirmed, and 2θ: 20 ° to 20 ° in the chart of analysis by X-ray diffraction.
A halo can be seen in the range of 40 °. The halo is a gentle undulation of X-ray intensity, and is observed as a broad ridge on the X-ray chart.

Here, the oxides to be combined with Al ₂ O ₃ , SiO ₂ and CaO are one kind or two or more kinds.
Metal and / or non-metal oxides other than ₂ O ₃ , SiO ₂ , and CaO can be used, such as Na ₂ O, MgO, P ₂ O ₅ ,
SO ₃ , K ₂ O, TiO ₂ , MnO, Fe ₂ O ₃ and ZnO
You can choose from.

For example, since Na ₂ O or K ₂ O can be removed with an alkali or the like, if the removal treatment is performed prior to the plating treatment, the surface of the composite hardened body 1 to be plated becomes rough and it serves as an anchor for plating. Can be operated. MgO
Contributes to strength development by forming a solid solution with Al ₂ O ₃ , SiO ₂ , and CaO, and greatly improves bending strength and impact resistance. P ₂ O ₅
Is advantageous when used in biomaterials (artificial roots, artificial bones) to aid in adhesion with bone. SO ₃ has a bactericidal action. Since TiO ₂ is a white colorant and also acts as a photo-oxidation catalyst, it can forcibly oxidize the attached organic pollutants and can be washed simply by irradiating it with light. M
nO is a dark colorant, Fe ₂ O ₃ is a light colorant, Z
nO is useful as a white colorant. In addition, these oxides may exist individually in the inorganic amorphous body 2.

The composite cured product 1 contains at least Si, Ca and Al as inorganic components in its composition. And A
The amount of 1 is set in the range of 5% by weight to 51% by weight based on the total weight of the composite cured body 1 in terms of Al ₂ O ₃ . The amount of Si is 3% by weight to 53% by weight based on the total weight of the composite cured body 1 in terms of SiO ₂ . Ca
The amount of is 3% by weight or more and less than 8% by weight based on the total weight of the composite cured product 1 in terms of CaO. Moreover,
It is preferable that Si, Ca and Al be contained in the composite cured body 1 so that the total of converted values of Al, Si and Ca is less than 100% by weight based on the total weight of the composite cured body 1.

When the content of Al ₂ O ₃ is less than 5% by weight or more than 51% by weight, the strength of the composite cured product 1 is lowered, and the content of SiO ₂ is less than 8% by weight or 53% by weight. This is because the strength of the composite cured product 1 is reduced even if it exceeds%. Further, if the content of CaO is less than 3% by weight or 8% by weight or more, the fracture toughness value of the composite cured product 1 is lowered and cracks are easily generated.

Furthermore, CaO / SiO ₂ in terms of oxide
Of more than 0.2 and less than 7.9, CaO / Al ₂ O ₃
It is advantageous to obtain a cured product having high strength by adjusting the ratio of 2 to more than 0.2 and 12.5 or less.

Al₂O₃, SiO₂And other than CaO
As oxide, Na₂O, MgO, P ₂O_Five, SO₃, K₂
O, TiO₂, MnO, Fe₂O₃And containing ZnO
In this case, the preferable content of each component is as follows. In addition,
The total amount of these oxides should not exceed 100% by weight.
Needless to say.

Na ₂ O: 0.1 to 2.4% by weight based on the total weight of the cured composite 1, MgO: 0.3 to 2 based on the total weight of the cured composite 1.
2.0 wt% P ₂ O ₅ : 0.1 to the total weight of the cured composite 1
14.6% by weight SO ₃ : 0.1 to the total weight of the cured composite 1
7.0 wt% K ₂ O: 0.1 to the total weight of the cured composite 1
2.4 wt% TiO ₂ : 0.1 to 1 with respect to the total weight of the cured composite body 1.
7.4 wt% MnO: 0.1 to the total weight of the cured composite 1
3.0 wt% Fe ₂ O ₃ : 0.2 to the total weight of the cured composite 1
35.6 wt% ZnO: 0.1 to the total weight of the cured composite 1
3.6 wt% The reason for limiting the contents of these oxides to the above range is that the composite cured body 1, that is, the structural face material 1 is deviated from the above range.
This is because the strength of No. 8 decreases.

Whether or not the structure is amorphous can be confirmed by X-ray diffraction. That is, 2θ: 20 ° by X-ray diffraction
If a halo is observed in the region of -40 °, it can be confirmed that the halo has an amorphous structure.

Further, in the composite cured body 1 of this embodiment, the inorganic amorphous body 2 made of at least two kinds of oxides is used.
Halogen may be added therein. This halogen acts as a catalyst for the reaction of producing a solid solution and a hydrate, and acts as a combustion suppressing substance. The content is preferably 0.1 to 1.2% by weight. This is because if it is less than 0.1% by weight, the strength is low, and if it exceeds 1.2% by weight, harmful substances are generated by combustion. As the halogen, chlorine, bromine and fluorine are desirable.

The composite cured body 1 (structural face material 18) of this embodiment preferably has a specific gravity of 0.5 to 1.9. If the specific gravity is less than 0.5, there are too many pores and the structural face material 1
In contrast, when the specific gravity exceeds 1.9, the effect of the inorganic amorphous material itself on the strength becomes too large and the reinforcing effect of the fibrous material relatively decreases, and the strength also decreases. Resulting in. That is, practical compressive strength and bending strength can be obtained within a specific gravity range of 0.5 to 1.9, and this range can be said to be an advantageous range for obtaining strength. The specific gravity is
The density of a substance when the density of water at 4 ° C. is 1. The specific gravity is measured by measuring the volume and weight of the cured product, and
Volume) /0.9999973. Particularly, in the case of the structural face material 18 used in the wooden house as in the present embodiment, it is even more preferable that the specific gravity thereof be 1.1 to 1.5. This is because cracks during nailing can be specifically suppressed in this range, and the holding force of the nail 19 can be increased.

Further, the addition of a binder also improves the strength, water resistance, chemical resistance and fire resistance.
It is advantageous. The binder is preferably composed of either or both of a thermosetting resin and an inorganic binder. As the thermosetting resin, at least one resin selected from phenol resin, melamine resin, epoxy resin and urea resin is desirable. The inorganic binder is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of sodium silicate, silica gel and alumina sol.

The fibrous material mixed in the inorganic amorphous material 2 may be either organic or inorganic. As the organic fibrous material, at least one selected from vinylon, synthetic fibers such as polypropylene and polyethylene, and organic fibrous material composed of polysaccharides can be used.
An organic fibrous substance composed of a polysaccharide is desirable.
This is because the OH group present in the polysaccharide is likely to bond with various compounds of Al ₂ O ₃ , SiO ₂ or CaO by hydrogen bond.

The polysaccharide is preferably at least one compound selected from amino sugar, uronic acid, starch, glycogen, inulin, lignin, cellulose, chitin, chitosan, hemicellulose and pectin. As the organic fibrous material composed of these polysaccharides, pulp, pulp dregs, and pulverized waste paper such as newspapers and magazines are advantageously suited. The pulp contains about 10 to 30% by weight of lignin in addition to cellulose.

On the other hand, as the inorganic fibrous material, at least one selected from alumina whiskers, SiC whiskers, silica- and / or alumina-based ceramic fibers, glass fibers, carbon fibers and metal fibers can be used.

The content of the above fibrous material is 2 to 75.
It is desirable that the content is wt%. The reason for this is that if the amount is less than 2% by weight, the strength of the structural face material 18 decreases, while the amount of 75% by weight
If it exceeds, the fire resistance, water resistance, dimensional stability and the like may be deteriorated. Further, the average length of the fibrous material is preferably 10 to 3000 μm. This is because if the average length is too short, entanglement does not occur, and if it is too long, voids occur and the strength of the composite cured product 1 is likely to decrease.

As the above-mentioned composite hardened product 1, a product obtained by drying industrial waste to coagulate and cure is recommended, and in particular, a product obtained by drying paper-making sludge (scum) to coagulate and cure is most suitable. That is, the papermaking sludge is a pulp residue containing an inorganic substance and uses industrial waste as a raw material, so that it is low in cost and contributes to solving environmental problems. Moreover, the papermaking sludge itself has a function as a binder, and has an advantage that it can be formed into a desired shape by kneading with other industrial waste.

In the papermaking sludge, in addition to pulp,
Al, Si, Ca, Na, Mg, P, S, K, Ti, M
At least one selected from oxides, hydroxides, carbonates containing n, Fe and Zn, or their complex compounds, or sol-like substances that are precursors of these oxides, or their complexes, halogens and calcium carbonate. It is common to include one and water.

The water content of the papermaking sludge is 20 to 20.
It is preferably 98% by weight. This is because if the water content is less than 20% by weight, it becomes too hard and it becomes difficult to mold, while if it exceeds 98% by weight, it becomes a slurry and molding becomes difficult.

Here, as shown in FIG.
Mixing the inorganic powder 4 therein is advantageous for improving the fire resistance and for reacting with the inorganic amorphous material to form a strength developing substance and improving the strength. Further, by adjusting the amount of the inorganic powder, it is possible to adjust the specific gravity of the composite cured body 1, that is, the structural face material 18.

As the inorganic powder, calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, shirasu, shirasu balloon, pearlite,
At least one selected from aluminum hydroxide, silica, alumina, talc, calcium carbonate, industrial waste powder
More than one seed can be used. Especially as industrial waste powder,
It is desirable to use at least one kind of industrial waste powder selected from a calcined powder of papermaking sludge, a polishing layer of glass, and a crushing layer of silica sand. This is because the use of these industrial waste powders makes it possible to realize cost reduction and further contribute to solving environmental problems.

The inorganic powder obtained by firing the papermaking sludge is obtained by heating the papermaking sludge at 300 to 1500 ° C. The inorganic powder thus obtained is amorphous, has excellent strength and toughness, and has a low density. Therefore, by dispersing it in the composite cured product 1, weight reduction can be realized. In addition, papermaking sludge is 300 ℃ or more 800
The inorganic powder obtained by firing at a temperature of less than 0 ° C., further heat-treating it at 300 to 1500 ° C., and then rapidly cooling it is advantageous because it surely contains an inorganic amorphous substance.

The inorganic powder has a specific surface area of 1.6 to 100.
It is preferably m ² / g. When it is 1.6 m ² / g or less, the contact area between the inorganic amorphous body and the inorganic powder becomes small and the strength is lowered. On the other hand, if it exceeds 100 m ² / g, cracks are likely to propagate and hardness is lowered, resulting in lower strength.

Furthermore, it is desirable that the inorganic powder contains at least one inorganic substance selected from silica, alumina, iron oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, potassium oxide, sodium oxide, and phosphorus pentoxide. . These are chemically stable and have excellent weather resistance.

This inorganic powder does not have sufficient strength if its average particle size is too small or too large.
It is preferably in the range of 100 μm. The content of the inorganic powder is preferably 10 to 90% by weight. That is, if the amount of the inorganic powder is too large, the strength decreases, and conversely, if the amount of the inorganic powder is too small, the strength becomes brittle, and in any case, the strength decreases.

Next, a method for manufacturing the structural face material 18 of this embodiment will be described. Papermaking sludge is used as a raw material for the composite cured body 1. Papermaking sludge includes printing / information paper, kraft paper, titanium paper, tissue paper,
Dust paper, toilet paper, sanitary items, towel paper,
It is desirable to use the papermaking sludge that is discharged during the production of industrial hybrid paper and household hybrid paper. "Cyclone ash" handled by Maruto Kiln Co., Ltd. as a commercially available papermaking sludge
"Raw sludge" etc. can be used.

The papermaking sludge may be cast into a desired mold, cast into a mold provided with a filter, and then pressed to remove water, or a slurry of papermaking sludge may be formed into a paper. Perform molding. Then, after molding, when dried and cured at a heating temperature of 20 to 160 ° C.,
A composite cured product 1 is obtained. If this heating temperature is too high,
Deformation, cracks and the like occur, and if it is too low, it takes a long time to dry and productivity is reduced.

In particular, in order to form the composite hardened body 1 into a plate shape, the papermaking sludge is conveyed by a conveyor while being pressed by a roll, or the slurry of the papermaking sludge is made by a round-net or fourdrinier papermaking machine. To form a sheet-shaped compact.
Then, the sheet-shaped molded body is heated at a heating temperature of 80 to 160 ° C.
It is pressed while being heated to form a plate-shaped core material. The pressure at that time is appropriately 1 to 400 kgf / cm ² . The specific gravity can be adjusted by appropriately changing the pressure. For example, at 350 kgf / cm ² , the specific gravity is about 1.4.
Becomes It should be noted that the term “tightening” means holding while applying pressure.

As a method for adjusting the specific gravity, other than changing the pressure at the time of pressurization, there are a method of adding an inorganic powder, a method of adding various foaming agents to form bubbles in an inorganic amorphous material, and the like. Furthermore, the inorganic powder can be dispersed in the composite hardened product 1 by adding and mixing the inorganic powder to the papermaking sludge and then heating and curing.

In addition to the papermaking sludge, metal alkoxide or metal hydroxide can be used as a raw material. For example, a mixture of Al, Si and Ca alkoxides and hydroxides and a crushed product of crushed waste paper are mixed, hydrolyzed and polymerized in the presence of acid or alkali to form a sol, and the sol is dried and cured. May be gelled. Such gels result in Al ₂ O ₃ , SiO ₂ , CaO,
Na ₂ O, MgO, P ₂ O ₅ , SO ₃ , K ₂ O, TiO ₂ , M
It is presumed to be the same as the compound obtained by solid solution or hydration reaction of oxides such as nO, Fe ₂ O ₃ and ZnO.

[0055]

(Example) (1) Water was added to unsintered papermaking sludge (trade name "raw sludge" manufactured by Maruto Kiln Co., Ltd .: solid content 48% by weight, moisture content 52% by weight) to prepare a slurry having a solid content of 7% 20
00 kg was prepared. Next, the papermaking sludge was made into paper by a round-net papermaking machine to obtain a sheet-shaped compact having a thickness of 10 mm. This sheet-shaped molded body was heated at 100 ° C. to obtain a structural face material 18.

The structural surface material 18 thus obtained was analyzed using a fluorescent X-ray analyzer (RIX2100 manufactured by Rigaku), and it was found that the composition was as follows in terms of oxide. In addition, about pulp, it measured based on the amount of weight reduction when baked at 1100 degreeC.

Pulp: 50.4% by weight, MgO: 1.4% by weight SiO ₂ : 25.2% by weight, SO ₃ : 0.5% by weight Al ₂ O ₃ : 14.0% by weight, P ₂ O ₅ : 0.2% by weight CaO: 8.0% by weight, Cl: 0.2% by weight TiO ₂ : 1.0% by weight, ZnO: 0.1% by weight Other trace amount, or the obtained structural face material 18 Is a rectangular plate,
The volume can be calculated by measuring the length of each side.
Furthermore, the weight can be calculated. The specific gravity was 1.2.

(Example 2) Water was added to unsintered papermaking sludge (Maruto Kiln Co., Ltd., trade name "green sludge", solid content 40% by weight, water content 60% by weight) to prepare 1000 kg of slurry with 15% solid content. did. Next, the slurry of the papermaking sludge was poured into a dewatering press mold, and 53 kgf /
By applying pressure of cm ² and performing dehydration press molding,
A sheet-shaped molded body having a thickness of 12 mm was prepared. This sheet-shaped molded body was heated at 100 ° C. to obtain a structural face material 18.

Structural face material 18 thus obtained
Was analyzed using a fluorescent X-ray analyzer (RIX2100 manufactured by Rigaku), and it was found that the composition was as follows in terms of oxide. For pulp, 1100
It was measured based on the amount of weight loss when calcined at ° C.

Pulp: 45.0% by weight, TiO ₂ : 1.0% by weight Al ₂ O ₃ : 15.0% by weight, SO ₃ : 1.0% by weight CaO: 8.0% by weight, P ₂ O ₅ : 0.2% by weight Na ₂ O: 0.2% by weight, Cl: 0.3% by weight K ₂ O: 0.2% by weight, other: Trace Fe ₂ O ₃ : 0.2% by weight, Example 1 The specific gravity measured in the same manner as above was 1.3.

Example 3 103 parts by weight of a calcined product of papermaking sludge (trade name “Cyclone ash” manufactured by Maruto Kiln Co., Ltd.) and 1800 parts by weight of the unsintered papermaking sludge of Example 1 were kneaded. The composition of the calcined sludge was analyzed using a fluorescent X-ray analyzer (RIX2IOO manufactured by Rigaku), and converted into each oxide as follows. (Calcined product of papermaking sludge) SiO ₂ 34.1% by weight MgO 6.0% by weight Al ₂ O ₃ 20.7% by weight P ₂ O ₅ 2.7% by weight Fe ₂ O ₃ 12.4% by weight TiO ₂ 1 0.0 wt% CaO 21.3 wt% SO ₃ 0.5 wt% Cl 0.2 wt% ZnO 0.1 wt% Others Trace average particle size 11.0 μm True specific gravity 2.756 Specific surface area 19.0 m ² / g The specific gravity measured in the same manner as in Example 1 was 0.8.

Then, when the kneaded product is conveyed by a conveyor,
A pressure of 15 kgf / cm ² was applied to obtain a sheet-shaped molded body having a thickness of 10 mm. This sheet-shaped molded body was heated at 110 ° C. to obtain a structural face material 18.

Example 4 3700 parts by weight of the unsintered papermaking sludge of Example 1 and 378 parts by weight of a phenol resin were kneaded to obtain a kneaded product. When the obtained kneaded product is conveyed by a conveyor, a pressure of 23 kgf / cm ² is applied, and a thickness of 10 m is obtained.
The sheet-shaped molded body of m was used. This sheet-shaped compact is
The structural face material 18 was heated at 0 ° C.

The specific gravity measured in the same manner as in Example 1 is 1.2.
Met. Copper foil having a thickness of 18 μm was attached to both surfaces of the structural face material 18 via a vinyl acetate adhesive to form an electromagnetic wave shield layer.

Example 5 3500 parts by weight of the unsintered papermaking sludge of Example 1, 600 parts by weight of phenolic resin and 600 parts by weight of a calcined product of papermaking sludge (trade name "Cyclone ash" manufactured by Maruto Kiln Co., Ltd.) were kneaded. A kneaded product was obtained. When this kneaded product was conveyed by a conveyor, it was pressed at a pressure of 13 kgf / cm ² to form a sheet having a thickness of 10 mm. This sheet-shaped molded body was heated at 110 ° C. to obtain a structural face material 18. The specific gravity measured in the same manner as in Example 1 was 1.3. Phenolic resin was applied to both surfaces of the structural face material 18 and heat cured at 100 ° C. for 1 hour.

Comparative Example 1 The papermaking sludge of Example 1 was
After mixing with N hydrochloric acid aqueous solution to decompose and remove calcium carbonate, a pressure of 350 kgf / cm ² is applied to obtain a thickness of 10 mm.
The sheet-shaped molded body of 100 sheets of this sheet
The structural face material 18 was heated at 0 ° C.

(Comparative Example 2) 60 parts by weight of baking scum and 3 parts of water
6 parts by weight, 100 parts by weight of cement and vinylon fiber 0.
A slurry is prepared by mixing 3 parts by weight with a forced agitation mixer for 3 minutes, and the slurry is poured into a mold to obtain 150 to 180 kg.
After pressing at f / cm ² , the mold was released.

(Comparative Example 3) Here, a lime-based sewage sludge molten slag (a product of Osaka City Sewerage Co., Ltd., whose main chemical components are as follows) was crushed with a ball mill to obtain a fineness of 0.35 m ² / What was crushed so as to have g (plane value 3500 cm ² / g) was used. 9 parts of ordinary Portland cement (product of Chichibu Onoda Co.) is added to 5 parts by weight of the slag.
Mix 5 parts by weight, and the amount of SO ₃ in the cement is 2% by weight.
A mixed cement composition was produced by adjusting with natural gypsum so that This cement and sand were mixed at a ratio of 1: 3 and left for 3 days.

SiO ₂ : 33.4 wt%, MgO: 2.4 wt% Al ₂ O ₃ : 14.2 wt%, P ₂ O ₅ : 7.0 wt% Fe ₂ O ₃ : 5.0 wt% %, NaO: 0.7% by weight CaO: 33.9% by weight, K ₂ O: 0.7% by weight Bending strength, compressive strength, processing of the structural face material 18 obtained in the above Examples and Comparative Examples. And nailability were tested. The results are shown in Table 1. The bending strength test is performed according to JIS A 6901.
The compressive strength test was conducted according to the method specified in JIS A5416. The workability was judged by cutting with a circular saw for woodwork. Furthermore, regarding the nailing property, after nailing a nail having a diameter of 4 mm and a length of 50 mm, the presence or absence of cracks was examined. The wall yield strength was also examined. The wall proof stress was measured according to the in-plane shear test in the performance test method of JIS A 1414 building components (panels) and their structural parts to determine the wall magnification.

[0070]

[Table 1] In addition, regarding the structural face material 18 of Example 1 and Example 3,
The crystal structure was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The X-ray diffraction charts are shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, respectively. In addition, in X-ray diffraction, MiniFlex manufactured by Rigaku is used,
Cu was used as a target. A gentle undulation (halo) is observed in the region of 2θ: 20 ° to 30 °, and a peak showing a crystalline structure is also observed, which shows that the crystalline structure is mixed in the amorphous structure. From the peak, crystals of calcium carbonate (Calsite), Kaolinite, and SiO ₂ were identified. The content of calcium carbonate was 9.8% by weight with respect to the structural face material 18 in the converted value.

Therefore, according to this embodiment, the following effects can be obtained. (1) The structural face material 18 in the two-by-four wooden building of the present embodiment is one in which the fibrous material 3 is mixed in the inorganic amorphous material 2, that is, one obtained by curing the papermaking sludge which is industrial waste. Is. Therefore, the specific gravity of the structural face material 18 can be increased. Therefore, the structural face material 18
Since it is possible to make the density high, it is possible to secure the frictional force between the surface of the nail 19 and the structural face material 18, and to increase the holding force of the nail 19. Further, since the composite hardened body 1 is obtained by hardening the papermaking sludge, which is an industrial waste, the material cost of the structural face material 18 can be reduced.

(2) Vertical frame member 15 or horizontal frame member 1 having a small width
When the two structural face materials 18 are butted against 6 and the nails 19 are driven along their outer peripheral edges, the area of the nailing margin is reduced, but the structural face material 18 is prevented from cracking or the like. be able to. Therefore, the elongated vertical frame member 1
In the two-by-four construction method (framework construction method) in which a large number of 5 and lateral frame members 16 are used, it is effective to use the high-density structural face material 18.

(3) The structural face material 18 is the inorganic amorphous material 2
Since the fibrous material 3 is mixed therein, the rigidity of the structural face material 18 can be increased. As a result, it is possible to increase the resistance of the bearing wall W against horizontal force due to an earthquake, wind, or the like. That is, the wall magnification of the bearing wall W can be increased without increasing the thickness of the structural face material 18 or increasing the wall amount of the bearing wall W. Further, when the structural face material 18 is attached to the shaft assembly 13, even if the nail 19 is struck on the structural face material 18, it is possible to suppress the generation of cracks from the nail 19 as a base point.

(4) The structural face material 18 is the inorganic amorphous material 2
Since the fibrous material 3 is mixed therein, the fire resistance of the structural face material 18 can be improved. In addition, the inorganic powder 4 is mixed in the composite cured body 1. Therefore, the fire resistance of the structural face material 18 can be further improved. Furthermore, the specific gravity can be increased without increasing the thickness of the structural face material 18. As a result, sound insulation, compressive strength, bending strength and impact resistance can be improved.

(5) The composite hardened body 1 constituting the structural face material 18 is a papermaking sludge containing an inorganic material. for that reason,
The structural face material 18 can be easily cut by a saw or the like. Therefore, the size of the structural face material 18 can be adjusted at the construction site, and the size of the frame assembly 13 can be easily adjusted. Also, since the structural face material 18 is papermaking sludge,
When it is discarded, it can be recycled many times without landfill disposal.

(6) Between the time when the structural surface material 18 is shipped from the manufacturing plant and when it is delivered to the site, the structural surface material 18 warps or has a large thickness or long length even if the ambient temperature or humidity changes. It is possible to prevent the dimensions such as the size from changing. That is, the dimensional stability of the structural face material 18 can be improved.

(7) By adjusting the mixing amount of the inorganic powder 4, the specific gravity of the structural face material 18 can be freely changed according to the application of the building. That is, the structural face material 18
The sound insulation characteristics of can be freely changed.

(Second Embodiment) Next, a second embodiment will be described. The structural face material 18 in this embodiment is
It is configured as follows. As shown in FIG. 6, the reinforcing layer 6 is provided on both surfaces of the composite cured body 1. That is, the composite cured body 1 plays a role as a core material of the structural face material 18. Therefore, even when a tensile force is applied to the structural face material 18, since the composite cured body 1 itself has excellent bending strength, and the reinforcing layer 6 is provided, the structure does not easily break. Has become.
Further, even if pressure is locally applied to the surface of the structural face material 18, no dent or dent is generated.

Further, the reinforcing layer 6 is formed by adding the fiber base material 6 to the resin 6a.
It is configured by embedding b. This resin 6a
In particular, it is desirable to use a thermosetting resin. That is, unlike a thermoplastic resin, a thermosetting resin has excellent fire resistance and does not soften even at high temperatures, so that the function as the reinforcing layer 6 is not lost. As the thermosetting resin, phenol resin, melamine resin, epoxy resin, polyimide resin, urea resin and the like are suitable. In order to impart sufficient rigidity, impact resistance, and higher fire resistance to the reinforcing layer 6, the content of the thermosetting resin in the reinforcing layer 6 should be 10% by weight to
It is desirable to set it in the range of 65% by weight.

On the other hand, it is desirable to use inorganic fibers for the fiber base material 6b. This is because it is possible to improve the strength of the reinforcing layer 6 and reduce the coefficient of thermal expansion. It is preferable to use glass fiber, rock wool and ceramic fiber as the inorganic fiber. This is because these fibers are inexpensive and have excellent heat resistance and strength. As the fiber base material 6b, discontinuous fibers formed in a mat shape or continuous long fibers of 3 to 7 cm are used.
Cut into mats (so-called chopped strand mats), disperse in water and plow into sheets, spiral continuous filaments into a mat, or continuous filaments The one woven is suitable.

Further, the thickness of the reinforcing layer 6 is 0.2 mm to
It is desirable to set it to 3.5 mm. By setting the thickness within this range, sufficient rigidity, impact resistance, etc. can be obtained,
In addition, high workability can be maintained. A flame retardant such as aluminum hydroxide or magnesium hydroxide, or a commonly used inorganic binder such as silica sol, alumina sol or water glass may be added to the reinforcing layer 6. The reinforcing layer 6 preferably contains an elastic polymer. This is because even if the nail 19 is struck, no crack is generated from the nail 19 as a starting point, and the elastic polymer can secure the frictional force with the nail surface to improve the holding force of the nail 19.

As such a resin, a resin composition comprising a thermosetting resin and an elastic polymer for imparting nail strength is desirable. That is, an elastic polymer emulsion is dispersed in an uncured thermosetting resin liquid. When such a resin is cured, the elastic polymer “islands” are dispersed in the “sea” of the thermosetting resin matrix, so that the strength of the resin can be secured and toughness can be imparted. is there.

The elastic polymer is preferably a rubber latex, an acrylic latex, an acrylate latex, or a urethane latex. This is because these can be dispersed in a liquid state in the uncured thermosetting resin liquid. Since the thermosetting resin and the elastic polymer are both liquid, there is an advantage that they can be easily impregnated into a porous base material or a fibrous base material.

As the rubber latex, nitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) or styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) is preferably used. As the thermosetting resin, phenol resin, melamine resin, epoxy resin, polyimide resin or the like may be used. The weight ratio of the solid content of the thermosetting resin to the elastic polymer is 95/5 to 6
It is preferably 5/35. The reason for this is that if the amount of thermosetting resin is too large, the toughness decreases, cracks are likely to occur, and the nail holding force decreases.
On the contrary, if the amount of the elastic polymer is too large, the resin strength is lowered and the holding power of the nail is lowered. Thus, the weight ratio of the thermosetting resin and the solid content of the elastic polymer is 95/5 to
When it is 65/35, the holding power of the nail is optimum.

In the structural face material 18 of this embodiment, it is desirable that a reinforcing portion made of a resin and a fiber base material is formed between the composite cured body 1 as the core material and the decorative layer. . This is because the impact resistance can be further improved. A thermosetting resin is desirable as the resin forming the reinforcing portion. This is because, unlike a thermoplastic resin, a thermosetting resin has excellent fire resistance and does not soften even at high temperatures, so that the function as a reinforcing portion is not lost. Further, in order to improve the water resistance and strength of the structural face material 18, water resistant paper may be attached to at least one surface of the composite cured body 1.

Next, a method for manufacturing the structural face material 18 of this embodiment will be described. First, while the papermaking sludge is being conveyed by a conveyor, it is pressed by a roll to form a sheet-shaped compact. On the other hand, the fiber base material 6b is impregnated with resin,
Heat treatment at ℃ and dry to obtain a reinforcing sheet. Next, the sheet-shaped compact and the reinforcing sheet are laminated and pressed while heating to form a structural face material 18 including the composite cured body 1 and the reinforcing layer 6. The heating temperature here is 80 to 200.
The suitable temperature and pressure are about 1 to 400 kgf / cm ² .

Instead of the above-mentioned manufacturing method, the resin composition is impregnated into the mat of inorganic fibers, dried, and then hot-pressed,
A method in which a thermosetting resin is cured and molded to form a reinforcing layer 6, and the reinforcing layer 6 is attached to the composite cured body 1 which has been previously cured with an adhesive may be used.

Further, a thermosetting resin such as phenol resin is separately coated on the surface of glass fiber, rock wool, or ceramic fiber, and a fiber base made of these fibers is laminated on a sheet-shaped molded product. Then, a method of hot pressing can also be adopted. This method of coating the surface of the fiber with a thermosetting resin in a separate step is advantageous because the adhesion with the impregnated resin is improved, the fibers are easily bonded to each other, and the impregnation rate of the resin can be further improved. . As such a coating method, for example, there is a method of impregnating the fiber base material with an uncured thermosetting resin and drying it. In addition, the raw material melt of glass fiber, rock wool, and ceramic fiber is made to flow out from a nozzle and made into fiber by a blowing method or a centrifugal method, and at the same time as this fiber formation, a solution of thermosetting resin such as phenol resin is sprayed. And so on.

Therefore, also in the second embodiment, it is possible to exhibit the same effect as that of the first embodiment. Further, in the structural face material 18 of the second embodiment, the reinforcing layers 6 are provided on both surfaces of the composite cured body 1.
Therefore, the rigidity of the composite cured body 1, that is, the bending strength can be further improved. Therefore, the resistance to the horizontal force applied to the load bearing wall W can be further increased.

The embodiment of the present invention may be modified as follows. -In the said embodiment, the structural surface material 18
Was fixed to the outdoor side of the frame assembly 12. On the contrary, the structural surface member 18 may be fixed to the indoor side of the shaft assembly 12 by fixing it. Alternatively, the structural face members 18 may be applied and fixed from both indoor and outdoor sides of the shaft assembly 12.

In the above-mentioned embodiment, the structural surface material 18 is used as the base material for the wall, but it may be used as the base material for the floor or roof, for example. Next, in addition to the technical ideas described in the claims, the technical ideas grasped by the above-described embodiment will be listed below.

(1) In claim 1 or claim 2, Al, Si, Ca, Na, Mg, P, S, K,
It contains at least one element selected from Ti, Mn, Fe and Zn.

(2) In claim 1, the inorganic amorphous material is composed of two or more kinds of oxides, and the oxides are Al ₂ O ₃ ,
SiO ₂ , CaO, Na ₂ O, MgO, P ₂ O ₅ , SO ₃ ,
It is selected from K ₂ O, TiO ₂ , MnO, Fe ₂ O ₃ or ZnO.

(3) In (3) above, the inorganic amorphous material is an Al ₂ O ₃ —SiO ₂ —CaO— system. (4) In the above (3), the inorganic amorphous material is Al ₂
O ₃ is -SiO ₂ -CaO- oxide.

[0095]

As described above in detail, according to the invention described in claim 1 or 2, it is possible to increase the holding force of the nail to be driven on the structural surface material.

According to the invention described in claim 3, since the holding force of the nail for fixing the structural face member can be increased,
It is possible to improve the seismic performance of a wooden building.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a view in which a structural face material is attached to a frame of a two-by-four wooden building.

FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of a structural face material.

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a structural face material mixed with inorganic powder.

FIG. 4 is an X-ray diffraction chart of a structural face material.

FIG. 5 is an X-ray diffraction chart of a structural face material.

FIG. 6 is a schematic sectional view of a structural face material according to a second embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

2 ... Inorganic amorphous body, 12 ... Frame, 18 ... Structural face material, 1
9 ... nails.

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A structural face material fixed by nailing it to a framework of a two-by-four wooden building, wherein the inorganic amorphous material is mixed with a fibrous material. And structural face material. 2. A structural face material fixed by nailing to a frame of a two-by-four wooden building, characterized in that the papermaking sludge, which is industrial waste, is hardened. Face material. 3. A two-by-four wooden building in which a structural face member is provided on a frame composed of a plurality of square members nailed together, and the structural face member is fixed to the frame by nailing. A two-by-four wooden building, wherein the structural face material is the structural face material according to claim 1 or 2.