JP2003001320A - Friction extruder - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a friction extruder capable of continuously and efficiently manufacture large quantity of extrusion shapes by friction extrusion without increasing extrusion pressure so much. SOLUTION: The friction extruder 1 comprises a tool 10 in which an extrusion bole 12 is bored in the axial direction from the leading end to the back end, a metal material holding apparatus (a billet holding apparatus 40) which holds a metal material (a billet S) facing the leading end 11 of the tool 10, a tool rotating apparatus 20 which rotates the tool 10 around the shaft, and a tool transfer apparatus 30 which transfers the tool 10 in any direction. The extruder is preferably equipped with a metal material transfer apparatus (a billet rotating apparatus 50) to transfer the billet S relatively to the tool 10, an extrusion shapes winding apparatus (a wire winding apparatus 60) which winds extrusion shapes led out from the back end of the extrusion hole 12, and a winding force control apparatus which controls winding force in accordance with tensile force of the extrusion shapes W detected by the extrusion shapes winding apparatus 60.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a friction extrusion device for producing a metal extruded profile.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as shown in FIG. 7, a die 10 'and a die 1 have been used to manufacture an extruded shape material such as aluminum.
A container 70 disposed at the rear of 0 ', and a container 70
It is common to use an extrusion processing device including a billet S in the inside and a stem 80 that applies a pushing force from the rear side thereof. Then, the billet S loaded in the container 70 is pressed from the rear by the stem 80 and passed through the molding gap 12 'having a predetermined shape provided in the die 10' to obtain an extruded profile W having a predetermined shape.

However, such an extrusion process has a drawback in that work efficiency is poor because the billet S must be heated to a temperature at which it can be extruded before being loaded into the container 70.

As a method for eliminating this drawback, as shown in FIG. 8, a room temperature round billet S which is not heated is loaded into a cylindrical container 70, and a stem 80 is rotated around its axis at a high speed, and the round billet S is rotated. By pressing from the rear, frictional heat is generated between the round billet S and the stem 80, the die 10 ', and the container 70 to plastically flow the metal material, which is passed through the molding gap 12' of the die 10 '. A friction extruding method of obtaining an extruded profile W having a predetermined shape has already been disclosed.

[0005]

However, the following problems occur in such a friction extrusion method. (1) Since the extrusion ratio (the cross-sectional area of the billet S / the cross-sectional area of the extruded shape W) increases as the cross-sectional area of the extruded shape W decreases, a large-scale facility capable of imparting high pushing force is required. For this reason, it is extremely difficult to manufacture a small-diameter extruded profile W. For example, when manufacturing a small-diameter wire, first, an extruded profile having a possible diameter is extruded, and then several stages of drawing processes are performed. The diameter must be reduced. (2) If the outer diameter of the stem 80 (the inner diameter of the container 70) is reduced to reduce the extrusion ratio, the volume of the billet S is reduced. Therefore, not only the length of the extruded profile W that can be extruded becomes short, but also it takes time and effort to load the billet S frequently, resulting in low production efficiency. (3) In order to maintain the volume of the billet S while keeping the extrusion ratio small, the length L of the billet S must be increased. In this case, the high speed rotation of the stem 80 inputs the billet S from the rear. In some cases, heat cannot reach the front of the billet S sufficiently and extrusion processing cannot be performed. (4) These problems are particularly remarkable when a material having a high deformation resistance (aluminum alloy, 5000 series alloy, 7000 series alloy) is used.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to continuously and efficiently perform frictional extrusion processing of a large amount of extruded profile without increasing the extrusion pressure so much. It is to propose a friction extrusion device that can be used.

[0007]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a friction extruding device, which has a tool having an extruding hole extending axially from a front end to a rear end thereof, and a metal facing a front end of the tool. A metal material holding means for arranging and holding a material, a tool rotating means for rotating the tool around an axis, and a tool moving means for moving the tool in an arbitrary direction are characterized.

In such a friction extrusion device, while the tool is rotated around the axis by the tool rotating means, the tool moving means moves the tip end portion of the tool while pressing it against the surface of the metal material. A frictional heat is generated directly on the metal surface to cause the metal material to plastically flow, and the metal material is extruded through an extrusion hole formed through the tool to obtain a metal extruded profile. Is. That is, contrary to the production of the extruded profile by the conventional friction extrusion method shown in FIG. 8, the metal material corresponding to the billet is arranged and held by the metal material holding means, whereas the metal material corresponding to the bill is equivalent to the die. It is a tool for rotating and pressing a tool. By adopting such a configuration, the extrusion pressure applied to the tip of the tool does not change due to the surface area, cross-sectional area, capacity, etc. of the metal material, so even when mass-producing long extruded profiles. The extrusion pressure does not increase, and therefore, it becomes possible to continuously produce a large amount of extruded profile without increasing the extrusion pressure so much. In addition, unlike the conventional friction extrusion method, the heat is not generated behind the billet, but the friction heat is directly generated between the tool and the metal material. It is possible to manufacture an extruded profile by the generated friction extruding with good energy efficiency.

A friction extruding apparatus according to claim 2 of the present invention comprises:
The friction extrusion apparatus according to claim 1 is characterized in that it is provided with a metal material moving means for moving the metal material held by the metal material holding means relative to the tool.

In such a friction extrusion device, since the metal material moving means moves the metal material relatively to the tool, the moving direction of the tool by the tool moving means is accordingly increased.
It is possible to simplify the configuration of the tool moving means by reducing the moving stroke / moving distance.

A friction extruding apparatus according to claim 3 of the present invention comprises:
The friction extrusion device according to claim 1 or 2,
It is characterized by comprising an extruded profile winding means for winding the extruded profile drawn out from the rear end of the extrusion hole.

In such a friction extruding device, since the extruded profile taken out from the rear end of the extrusion hole is taken up by the extruded profile take-up means, a large amount of extruded profile can be continuously produced, and the work can be performed. Space can be reduced.

A friction extrusion device according to a fourth aspect of the present invention is
The friction extrusion device according to claim 3, wherein the extruded shape material winding means includes a winding force adjusting means for detecting the tension of the extruded shape material and adjusting the winding force according to the value. To do.

In such a friction extruding apparatus, since the extruded shape material winding means detects the tension of the extruded shape material by the winding force adjusting means and adjusts the winding force according to the value, the winding force is too strong. Thus, the cross section of the extruded profile is not deformed, or the winding force is too weak so that the extruded profile cannot be properly wound up and entangled, and the quality and manufacturing efficiency of the extruded profile are further improved.

[0015]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the present embodiment, an aluminum alloy wire will be described as an extruded profile produced by the friction extrusion apparatus, but it goes without saying that the extruded profile in the present invention is not limited to this. In addition, the same reference numerals are used for the same elements, and duplicate description will be omitted.

FIG. 1 is a side view showing an embodiment of a friction extrusion device according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective view of a portion A of FIG. As shown in FIG. 1, the friction extrusion device 1 includes a tool 10, a tool rotating means 20, and a tool moving means 30.
A billet holding means 40 as a metal material holding means, a billet rotating means 50 as a metal material moving means, and a wire winding means 60 as an extruded shape material winding means.

As shown in FIG. 2, the tool 10 has a substantially cylindrical shape, and an extrusion hole 12 is formed so as to penetrate from the front end to the rear end in the direction of the central axis CL.

The billet S, which is a metal material, has a substantially cylindrical shape, and is arranged and held by the billet holding means 40 such that one end surface Sa thereof faces the tip portion 11 of the tool 10. The billet holding means 40 detachably holds the outer periphery of the billet S, and the billet suitable for the manufacturing conditions can be replaced each time.

The tool rotating means 20 is a housing 21 in this case.
And a motor 22. The outer periphery of the tool 10 is held by a chuck (not shown) at the tip of the housing 21, and the rotational force of the rotary drive shaft of the motor 22 is applied to the inside of the housing 21. The tool 10 is rotated at a high speed around its central axis CL by transmitting the tool 10 to the chuck via a gear transmission mechanism (not shown). The tool rotating means 20 is designed to detachably hold the tool 10, and a tool suitable for the manufacturing conditions can be replaced each time.

The tool moving means 30 includes a base 31 on which the tool rotating means 20 is fixedly installed, and a feed screw 32.
And an XY table 33. The pedestal 31 is screwed to the feed screw 32 by the feed screw mechanism, and the feed screw 32 is rotatably supported by the XY table 33. Therefore, when the feed screw 32 rotates about its axis, the pedestal mechanism causes the pedestal 31 to rotate. 31 moves in the Z direction (vertical direction with respect to the paper surface in FIG. 1). Further, the XY table 33 itself moves in the X direction (direction orthogonal to the paper surface in FIG. 1) and the Y direction (horizontal direction in the paper surface in FIG. 1). Therefore, the tool 10 is moved relative to the billet S using the tool moving means 30.
It can be moved in three directions of YZ.

The billet rotating means 50 rotates the billet S about its central axis by the same mechanism as the tool rotating means 20, and here, the billet holding means 4 is provided.
It is integrated with 0.

The wire winding means 60 is for winding the wire W drawn out from the rear end of the extrusion hole 12 of the tool 10 on the drum by friction extrusion. Then, the motor (not shown) that is the rotation drive source of the wire winding means 60 is
It is a torque motor equipped with winding force adjustment means,
The tension of the wound wire W is detected and the optimum winding force is automatically selected according to the value.

In the friction extrusion device 1 having the above-described structure, the motor 22 of the tool rotating means 20 is rotated to rotate the tool 10 at high speed around the central axis CL thereof, while the XY table 33 of the tool moving means 30 is rotated (see FIG. 1). At the left side of the drawing) to move the tip 11 of the tool 10 to the billet S.
By pressing against one end surface Sa of the, the surface material of the billet S is frictionally stirred on the pressing surface. The metal material that has been plastically fluidized by friction stirring is introduced into the extrusion hole 12 of the tool 10 from the front end, continuously extruded from the rear end, and led out as the wire W. At this time, the tool moving means 30
2 by moving the XY table 33 of FIG. 2 in the X direction and rotating the feed screw 32 about its axis.
As shown in FIG. 4, the tip 11 of the tool 10 is moved in the XZ direction so that the tip 11 of the tool 10 moves to the one end surface S of the billet S.
If the entire surface of a is uniformly pressed, the wire W having an infinite length (theoretically, until the billet S is exhausted) can be easily friction-extruded. In addition,
The pressing force of the tool 10 with respect to the billet S is made constant by adjusting the moving force of the XY table 33 (to the left in the plane of FIG. 1).

As described above, according to the friction extrusion device 1, the tool 10 can be adjusted depending on the surface area, cross-sectional area, capacity, etc. of the billet S.
Since the extruding pressure applied to the tip portion 11 of the wire does not change, the extruding pressure does not increase even when the long wire W is mass-produced. Therefore, even if the extruding pressure is not so high, the extruding pressure is continuously increased. It becomes possible to manufacture the wire W. Further, since the frictional heat is generated directly between the tool 10 and the billet S instead of generating heat behind the billet as in the conventional friction extrusion method, the frictional heat is generated only in a necessary portion. It is possible to manufacture the wire W by energy-efficient frictional extrusion that has generated heat.

If the billet S is rotated about its central axis by the billet rotating means 50, the tool 1
Even if 0 is not moved in both XZ directions, the tip 11 of the tool 10 can be evenly moved with respect to the entire one end surface Sa of the billet S by moving it in either the X direction or the Z direction. . For example, FIGS. 3 (a) to 3 (h)
Tool 1 while rotating the billet S clockwise
6 is a diagram showing an example of a state of wear of the billet S when the tip portion 11 of 0 is reciprocally moved up and down along the one end surface Sa of the billet S. FIG. Depending on the moving speed of the tool 10 and the rotating speed of the billet S, if the billet S itself is rotated,
Just move the tool 10 one-dimensionally and its tip 1
It can be clearly seen from the figure that 1 moves evenly over the entire one end surface Sa of the billet S. Therefore, billet S
It is possible to effectively utilize the billet S to the end without unevenly distributing the consumption parts of the tool 10 to improve the manufacturing efficiency, and reduce the moving direction, the moving path, and the moving distance of the tool 10 to configure the tool moving means 30. It can be simplified. The rotation direction of the billet S may be the same as the rotation direction of the tool 10, but in the present embodiment, the billet S is rotated.
Since the rotation direction of the tool is opposite to the rotation direction of the tool 10, the relative rotation speed between the billet S and the tool 10 is increased, and the motor 22 of the tool rotation means 20 can be downsized.

Next, the shape of the tip portion 11 of the tool 10 will be described in detail. FIG. 4A shows the tool 10 with the tip 11
It is the figure seen from the side, and FIG.4 (b) is BB of FIG.4 (a).
FIG. As shown in these drawings, the extrusion hole 12 has a circular cross section and is formed so as to penetrate from the front end to the rear end of the tool 10 so that the central axis thereof coincides with the sectional center axis CL of the tool 10. The cross-sectional diameter of the extrusion hole 12 is d ₁ at the entrance, gradually decreases from that to d ₂ , and becomes d _{3 as} it goes further (d ₂ <d ₁ <d ₃ ).

Further, a concave portion 13 communicating with the extrusion hole 12 is formed in the tip portion 11 of the tool 10. The concave portion 13 has a function of accumulating the metal material plasticized by frictional stirring and collecting the metal material toward the extrusion hole 12 at the center of the tool 10. Specifically, this recess 13 is
The tool 10 includes a first recess 13a formed on the outer periphery of the tip 11 and a second recess 13c formed inside the first recess 13a and around the extrusion hole 12. Here, the second recess 13c is formed deeper than the first recess 13a. Then, the first concave portion 13a is the tool 10
It has a spiral shape that converges in the reverse rotation direction of the tool 10 so as to communicate with the second recess 13 c from the outer peripheral edge of the tool 10 toward the extrusion hole 12. Furthermore, this first recess 1
3a is formed so as to be gradually deeper toward the extrusion hole 12 at an angle θ in a sectional view. The tilt angle θ at this time is preferably in the range of 5 ° or more and less than 30 °, as described later.

Therefore, when the tip portion 11 of the tool 10 is pressed against the billet S while rotating the tool 10 at a high speed around the central axis CL, the metal material on the pressing surface causes friction heat with the shoulder portion of the tip portion 11 of the tool 10. Causes plastic flow below the melting temperature, which causes the first recess 13a from the outer peripheral edge of the tool 10.
Is taken into. The metal material taken into the first recess 13a is inclined in the spiral direction toward the extrusion hole 12 of the first recess 13a and converges toward the extrusion hole 12. By the centripetal force in the direction of the extrusion hole 12 that is generated by rotating it to the direction of the extrusion hole 12, it is guided in the direction of the extrusion hole 12 and accumulates in the second recess 13c. The metal material accumulated in the second recess 13c is introduced into the extrusion hole 12, is cooled while passing through the extrusion hole 12, and is extruded from its rear end as a wire W made of an aluminum alloy having a diameter d ₂ .

As described above, the tip end portion 11 of the tool 10 is pressed against the billet S and is rotated at high speed around the center axis CL thereof, whereby the metal material of the billet S on the pressing surface is frictionally stirred and this is stirred. By adopting a configuration in which the tool 10 is led out from the extrusion hole 12 of the tool 10, the tool 1 having an area of the tip portion 11 necessary and sufficient for plastic flow is obtained.
Since 0 is used to generate frictional heat in the billet S directly in the vicinity of the extrusion hole 12, energy-efficient extrusion can be performed with a smaller heat input than in the conventional frictional extrusion method. Further, since the extrusion pressure applied to the tip portion 11 of the tool 10 does not change even if the surface area, cross-sectional area, capacity, etc. of the billet S are increased, if the tool 10 is continuously moved along the surface of the billet S. The wire W having an infinite length can be easily produced.

Further, the wire W having a small diameter as in this embodiment is used.
In the case of, it is difficult to manufacture only by conventional extrusion processing, and after processing an extruded wire rod of a possible diameter, it was necessary to reduce the diameter by several steps of drawing processing. Since it can be extruded to a diameter close to, and the drawing can be used only for the purpose of achieving dimensional accuracy, work efficiency is greatly improved.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications can be added. For example, the billet rotating means 50, the wire winding means 60, and the winding force adjusting means are optional components, and the configurations of the tool rotating means 20, the tool moving means 30, and the billet holding means 40 are not limited to the above embodiment. . Further, the moving direction, moving speed, and moving stroke of the tool 10 by the tool moving means 30 are as follows.
Is determined relative to the tool 10. Further, the cross-sectional shape of the extrusion hole 12 is not limited to a circle, but may be a hollow circle or any other cross-sectional shape, and the extrusion hole 12 may be eccentrically arranged with respect to the cross section of the tool 10. . Further, the outer shape of the tool 10 is not limited to the cylindrical shape, and can be any shape. Further, the rotation axis of the tool 10 is not limited to the central axis CL of the cross section of the tool 10, and may or may not be the same as the center of the cross section of the extrusion hole 12. However, from the viewpoint of the rotation efficiency of the tool 10 and the ease of introducing the friction-stirred metal material into the extrusion hole 12, the tool 10 has a cylindrical outer shape and a cross-sectional shape as shown in the above embodiment. It is desirable that the circular extrusion hole 12 (which may be a hollow circle) is arranged at the center of the cross section of the tool 10, and the rotation axis of the tool 10 is aligned with the central axis CL of the cross section. In addition, tool 1
The orientation of the tip portion 11 of 0 is arbitrary and is not limited to the lateral orientation,
It goes without saying that it may be downward or upward.

The shape of the tip 11 of the tool 10 is
As shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, various other modes are possible. The recess 13 shown in FIG. 5A is formed by the inclination of the shoulder 11a (see FIG. 5A1). In the recess 13 shown in FIGS. 5B to 5E, the portion corresponding to the first recess 13a of the tool shown in FIG. 4 does not have a spiral shape. In these examples, the portion corresponding to the second recessed portion 13c of the tool shown in FIG. 4 may be a flat surface perpendicular to the central axis CL of the tool 10 as shown, or may face the extrusion hole 12. It may be formed so as to be gradually deeper. On the other hand, the shoulder portion 11a is shown in FIG.
1), (c1), (d1), and (e1), it is desirable that the tool 10 is formed so as to be inclined with respect to a plane perpendicular to the central axis CL.

The recess 13 shown in FIGS. 6 (f) and 6 (g) has no portion corresponding to the second recess 13c of the tool shown in FIG. 4, and has a spiral shape which converges from the outer peripheral edge toward the extrusion hole 12. It is formed only by the first recess 13a. In these examples, the portion corresponding to the first recess 13a of the tool shown in FIG. 4 is the tool 1 as shown in FIGS. 6 (f1) and 6 (g1).
It may be a flat surface perpendicular to the central axis CL of 0, or
As shown in (f2) and (g2), it may be formed so as to be gradually deeper toward the extrusion hole 12.

[0034]

[Example] In order to obtain an appropriate value of the inclination angle θ of the concave portion,
Friction extrusion was performed using tools with various changes.
The shape of the tip of the tool was the pattern (tool type a) shown in FIG. 5A and the pattern (tool type f) shown in FIG. 6F. The outer diameter of the tool was 25 mm, and the diameter d _{2 of the} extrusion hole was 3.2 mm. A plate made of 1100 series aluminum alloy having a plate thickness of 10 mm was used as the metal material. The rotation speed of the tool is 890 rpm and the moving speed is 20.
It was set to 0 mm / min. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0035]

[Table 1]

When θ = 0 in the tool type a, that is, when a tool having no shoulder inclination was used, a wire by friction extrusion could not be obtained (Comparative Example 2). 5 ≦
When θ ≦ 20, it was possible to obtain wires without defects inside (Examples 1 to 3). When θ = 30, friction extrusion was possible, but defects were found inside the processed wire (Comparative Example 1). From this, the inclination angle θ
It can be seen that 5 ≦ θ <30 is desirable. However, from Examples 4 to 7, a tool having a spiral recess (see FIG.
In the case of (f) and (g)), it is found that good friction extrusion processing is possible even when θ = 0 (where θ = 0.
In this case, since the volume of the concave portion is small, it is easy to be restricted by manufacturing conditions such as tool moving speed).

[0037]

As described above, according to the first aspect of the present invention, since the extrusion pressure applied to the tip of the tool does not change due to the surface area, cross-sectional area, capacity, etc. of the metal material, it can be continuously applied. Even when the extruded profile is mass-produced, the extrusion pressure does not become high. Therefore, it becomes possible to continuously manufacture a large amount of the extruded profile without increasing the extrusion pressure so much. In addition, unlike the conventional friction extrusion method, the heat is not generated behind the billet, but the friction heat is directly generated between the tool and the metal material. It is possible to manufacture an extruded profile by the generated friction extruding with good energy efficiency.

According to the second aspect of the invention, the moving direction / moving path / moving distance of the tool by the tool moving means is changed by the amount by which the metal material moving means moves the metal material relative to the tool. It is possible to reduce the number and simplify the structure of the tool moving means.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, since the extruded profile taken out from the rear end of the extrusion hole is wound by the extruded profile winding means, a large amount of extruded profile is continuously manufactured. The work space can be reduced.

Further, according to the invention of claim 4, the winding force is too strong to deform the cross section of the extruded shape member, or the winding force is too weak to entangle the extruded shape member well. The quality and manufacturing efficiency of the extruded profile is further improved.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view showing an embodiment of a friction extrusion device according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective view of a portion A of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a view showing an example of a state of wear of the billet S when the tip of the tool is reciprocally moved up and down along one end face of the billet while rotating the billet.

FIG. 4A is a plan view of the tool as seen from the tip side, and FIG. 4B is a sectional view taken along line BB of FIG.

FIG. 5 is a plan view and a cross-sectional view of the tip of the tool to represent another embodiment of the tip of the tool.

FIG. 6 is a representation of another embodiment of the tip of a tool,
It is the top view and sectional drawing of the tip part of a tool.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a conventional extrusion processing method.

FIG. 8 is a sectional view illustrating a conventional friction extrusion method.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 ... Friction extruder 10 ... Tool 10 '... Dice 11 ... Tip of the tool 11a ... Shoulder 12 ... Extrusion hole 12 '... molding gap 13 ... Recess 13a ... 1st recessed part 13b ... Swirl convex portion 13c ... second recess 20 ... Tool rotation means 21 ... Case 22 ... Motor 30 ... Tool moving means 31 ... Pedestal 32 ... Feed screw 33 ... XY table 40 ... Billet holding means 50 ... Billet rotating means 60 ... Wire winding means 70 ... Container 80… Stem CL ... Central axis S ... Billet W ... Wire (extruded profile)

   ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page    (72) Inventor Motoji Hotta             1-34-1 Kambara, Kambara-cho, Anbara-gun, Shizuoka Prefecture             Nippon Light Metal Co., Ltd. Group Technology Center             Within (72) Inventor Shinya Makita             1-34-1 Kambara, Kambara-cho, Anbara-gun, Shizuoka Prefecture             Nippon Light Metal Co., Ltd. Group Technology Center             Within F-term (reference) 4E029 AA06 GA03 HC01 HC02 SA01                       SA10

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A tool having an extrusion hole penetratingly formed in the axial direction from a front end to a rear end, a metal material holding means for arranging and holding a metal material so as to face the front end portion of the tool, and the tool around the shaft. A friction extruding device comprising: a tool rotating means for rotating; and a tool moving means for moving the tool in an arbitrary direction. 2. The friction extrusion device according to claim 1, further comprising a metal material moving means for moving the metal material held by the metal material holding means relative to the tool. 3. The friction extrusion device according to claim 1, further comprising: an extruded shape material winding unit that winds up the extruded shape material that is drawn out from the rear end of the extrusion hole. 4. The winding means for winding the extruded shape member comprises a winding force adjusting means for detecting the tension of the extruded shape material and adjusting the winding force according to the value. The friction extruding device according to.