JP2003001076A - Apparatus and method of evaporating liquid and mixing with gas - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a shell-and-tube heat exchange type apparatus for evaporating a liquid and mixing with a gas, in which a required quantity of a liquid is uniformly distributed to each heat transfer pipe in a wide load range and the maintenance for the clogging or the damage of an orifice hole is dispensed with, and a method thereof. SOLUTION: In the shell-and-tube heat exchange type apparatus for evaporating the liquid and mixing with the gas, a plurality of gas introducing short pipes each inserted to a heat exchanger tube 2 from a liquid supply chamber A side and extending at least to a higher position than the free surface of the liquid flowing in the heat exchanger tube 2 from the liquid supply chamber A and a gas supply means 3 composed of a gas supply distribution member 5 to which a plurality of the gas introducing short pipes 4 are connected are provided.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a liquid vaporizing and mixing apparatus which vaporizes a liquid and mixes it with a gas.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, various hydrocarbons such as natural gas, city gas, naphtha, kerosene, and methanol have been used as raw materials, and those hydrocarbons have been desulfurized as needed, and then mixed with steam to obtain Ni-based or Ru-based materials. In the steam reforming device that produces a gas containing high concentrations of methane and hydrogen by contacting it with the catalyst, the process steam is mixed with the hydrocarbon raw material to produce a mixed gas, which is then supplied to the steam reforming device. Or, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-323355 filed by the present applicants
As in the steam reformer disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 2003-242242, water is directly injected into a raw hydrocarbon gas flowing through a single heat transfer tube provided inside the heating furnace, and radiant heat and convection in the heating furnace are introduced. There is also used an apparatus which heats water by vaporizing water and mixing both.

Further, in a heat-increasing device in a city gas production apparatus for producing a city gas having a predetermined calorific value by mixing liquefied petroleum gas with liquefied natural gas to adjust the calorific value, the vaporized petroleum gas is vaporized into the vaporized natural gas. To adjust the amount of heat, or vaporize in a heat transfer tube of a multi-tube heat exchange type apparatus, such as a liquefied natural gas heating apparatus disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3003809 of the present applicant. A device is also used in which liquefied petroleum gas is directly injected into the natural gas, the liquefied petroleum gas is vaporized in the heat transfer tube, and both are mixed and heated.

[0004]

In the conventional apparatus described above, in the steam reforming apparatus for mixing the raw material hydrocarbon with steam and the heat increasing apparatus for mixing the gasified petroleum gas with the natural gas to adjust the calorific value, A separate device for vaporizing liquefied petroleum gas is required, which causes a problem that the facility installation area becomes excessive and the facility cost increases, and also that the fuel cost for heating increases.

Further, the steam reforming device disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-323355 and the heat-up device for liquefied natural gas disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3003809 directly inject the liquid into the gas to vaporize the liquid. In a device that mixes with
Since the heating vaporizer and the mixer are integrated, it is preferable to save the equipment installation area and the equipment cost.
In the steam reforming apparatus disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-323355, since it is a single heat transfer tube, there is a problem that the heat efficiency becomes poor and the processing amount decreases when heating only by convection heat transfer. In the device for heating liquefied natural gas disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3003809, there is a problem that the structure of the liquid distribution means becomes complicated and maintenance such as cleaning is troublesome.

Further, as an apparatus for vaporizing and mixing a liquid with a gas, in an apparatus for injecting a liquid into a heat transfer tube of a multi-tube heat exchange type apparatus to vaporize it, and to mix with the gas to heat it, Each of the gas inflow side openings has a ferrule connected to a header pipe.
There is also a device in which the liquid distribution means for distributing the liquid is provided by fixing the orifices of 2 to 4 mm in diameter to each of the ferrules and fixing the liquid distribution means to the tube plate.
There is a problem that it is difficult to maintain the mounting accuracy of the ferrule and the horizontal level of the equipment, and it is difficult to maintain the distribution accuracy when the flow rate is low. Further, since each ferrule and header pipe are integrated, there is a problem that maintenance such as blockage or breakage of the orifice hole is difficult.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and can uniformly distribute a required amount of liquid to each heat transfer tube in a wide load range, and can perform maintenance such as blockage or breakage of an orifice hole. It is made for the purpose of providing an apparatus and a method for vaporizing and mixing a liquid into a multi-tubular heat exchange type gas which is unnecessary.

[0008]

Means for Solving the Problems The gist of the present invention for achieving the above-mentioned object is, in the invention described in claim 1,
A liquid supply chamber with a liquid supply port in the lower part, a heating chamber with a heating medium introduction port and a heating medium discharge port in the middle part, and a mixed gas outlet chamber with a mixed gas discharge port in the upper part. A shell having a structure, a plurality of heat transfer tubes communicating the liquid supply chamber and the mixed gas outlet chamber, and inserted into the respective heat transfer tubes from the liquid supply chamber side, and at least the heat transfer from the liquid supply chamber. A plurality of gas introduction short pipes extending to a position higher than the free surface of the liquid flowing into the pipe and a gas supply means comprising a gas supply distribution member connected to the plurality of gas introduction short pipes are provided. It is a liquid vaporization mixing device for the gas to be. Further, in the invention described in claim 2, in the liquid vaporization and mixing apparatus for gas according to claim 1, the gas supply / distribution member is a gas supply chamber which is provided inside the liquid supply chamber.

With the above construction, the height of the liquid surface held in the heat transfer tubes becomes uniform, so that a high liquid film heat transfer coefficient can be obtained and the required amount of liquid can be made uniform in each heat transfer tube in a wide load range. It can be distributed, and since the gas introduction short tube is extended to a position higher than the free surface of the liquid, there is no possibility that water will flow back to the gas supply side. Furthermore, because it does not require fine processing like the orifice hole and the spiral,
It is easy to manufacture and easy to maintain.

Further, in the invention described in claim 3,
A liquid supply chamber with a liquid supply port in the lower part, a heating chamber with a heating medium introduction port and a heating medium discharge port in the middle part, and a mixed gas outlet chamber with a mixed gas discharge port in the upper part, which are sealed by partition walls. In a liquid vaporization and mixing apparatus for a gas, which is provided with a shell having a structure and a plurality of heat transfer tubes that communicate the liquid supply chamber and the mixed gas outlet chamber, flows into the heat transfer tube through the liquid supply chamber. By controlling the liquid amount, the free surface position of the liquid is formed at a position corresponding to the vaporized and mixed amount of the liquid, and is inserted into each of the heat transfer tubes from the liquid supply chamber side, and at least from the liquid supply chamber to the heat transfer pipe. Each of the heat transfer is performed by the gas supply means including a plurality of gas introduction short tubes extending to a position higher than the free surface of the liquid flowing into the heat tube and a gas supply assembly member to which the plurality of gas introduction short tubes are connected. A gas is supplied into the heating chamber, and the liquid in the heat transfer tube is vaporized by the heat quantity of the heating medium supplied and flowing into the heating chamber to mix with the gas, and the mixed gas is discharged from the mixed gas discharge port. It is a method for vaporizing and mixing a liquid into a gas.

With the above construction, it is possible to obtain the effect of maintaining the distribution accuracy without being influenced by the mounting accuracy or the horizontal level.

[0012]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic vertical sectional view of a liquid evaporative mixing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1
Is a shell having a closed structure in which the upper and lower end faces are closed by end plates 13 and 14, and the inside is partitioned by partition walls 11 and 12 from the bottom to the liquid supply chamber A, the heating chamber B and the mixed gas outlet chamber C in series. , End plate 13 forming liquid supply chamber A, heating chamber B
Each of the flange portions of the barrel 16 forming the above and the end plate 14 forming the mixed gas outlet chamber C is sectioned and formed by fastening with bolts, nuts or clamps.

Reference numeral 2 indicates a liquid supply chamber A and a mixed gas outlet chamber C.
Is a straight heat transfer tube that communicates with the heat transfer tube 2, the inside of the heat transfer tube 2 is formed as a vaporization mixing chamber D, and a plurality of heat transfer tubes are placed inside the heating chamber B at a predetermined interval. It forms a liquid evaporative mixing device.

A liquid supply port 8 is provided in the liquid supply chamber A, and a liquid such as water introduced from the liquid supply port 8 is supplied to the liquid supply chamber A by controlling a supply valve 15 by a controller (not shown). It is filled up to a predetermined position under the heat transfer tube 2. Further, the heating chamber B is provided with a heating medium introducing port 9 in the upper part and a heating medium discharge port 10 in the lower part, and a heating medium such as exhaust gas holding a heat amount necessary for heating is circulated from the upper part to the lower part and supplied. It has a flow path configuration in which the liquid and the mixed gas and the heating medium flow countercurrently. As the heating medium, heating gas, heating steam or the like can be used in addition to exhaust gas, and the flowing direction thereof may be co-current with the mixed gas.

The reference numeral 3 is inserted into each heat transfer tube 2 from the liquid supply chamber A side, and is extended to a position higher than the free surface h of the liquid flowing into the heat transfer tube 2 from the liquid supply chamber A. It is a gas supply means comprising a plurality of gas introduction short pipes 4 and a gas supply distribution member 5 in which the plurality of gas introduction short pipes 4 are connected, and the gas supply distribution member 5 is a gas which is partitioned and installed inside the liquid supply chamber A. A storage chamber E is formed.

A gas inlet 6 is provided in the gas storage chamber E, and a gas such as natural gas introduced from the gas inlet 6 fills the gas storage chamber E and is transmitted through the gas introduction short pipe 4. It is introduced into the heat pipe 2 and mixed with the liquid vaporized in the heat transfer pipe 2, and then passes through the mixed gas outlet chamber C, and then from the mixed gas discharge port 7 provided in the mixed gas outlet chamber C to a predetermined device such as a reformer. It is configured to be supplied to the device. Further, the gas supply / distribution member 5 may be a manifold pipe or the like instead of the chamber structure.

Mixing of the raw material hydrocarbon (hereinafter referred to as the raw material gas) and the steam to be supplied to the steam reforming apparatus by using the gas liquid vaporization mixing apparatus of the embodiment of the present invention provided with the gas supply means 3. The operation of producing gas will be described below with reference to FIG.

The raw material gas is introduced from the gas introduction port 6 into the gas storage chamber E which is the gas supply / distribution member 5, and the introduced raw material gas fills the gas storage chamber E and is transmitted through the gas introduction short pipe 4. It is introduced into the heat pipe 2. Water, which is a liquid, is introduced into the liquid supply chamber A from the liquid supply port 8, and the introduced water fills the liquid supply chamber A and rises in the lower portion of the heat transfer tube 2, but is not shown. Supply valve 1 by control device
By controlling 5, the amount of liquid supplied into the liquid supply chamber A is adjusted, and the free surface position h of the liquid flowing into the heat transfer tube 2 is formed at a position commensurate with the amount of vaporized and mixed liquid.

The water flowing into the heat transfer tube 2 is heated and vaporized by the heating medium flowing outside the heat transfer tube 2 in the heating chamber B portion, and is accompanied by the raw material gas to be formed in the heat transfer tube 2 in the vaporization mixing chamber. While flowing through D, it is uniformly mixed with the raw material gas. In addition, the water in the heat transfer tube 2 has a uniform head.
Since a high liquid film heat transfer coefficient is obtained, the required amount of liquid can be uniformly distributed to each heat transfer tube in a wide load range.

Exhaust gas which is a heating medium is supplied to the heating medium inlet 9
The mixed gas of the steam and the raw material gas is heated to a predetermined temperature by the heating medium while flowing upward in the heat transfer tube 2 and mixed by being supplied downward from the heating medium discharge port 10 and mixed. After flowing into the gas outlet chamber C, it is supplied from the mixed gas outlet 7 to a steam reforming device (not shown) in the subsequent stage.

(Example) In a hydrogen production apparatus having a hydrogen production amount of 100 Nm ^3, an example in which natural gas and water were mixed by a liquid vaporization mixing apparatus equipped with a gas introducing short pipe which is a gas supply means of the present invention, In a comparative example in which water is distributed and mixed from a liquid distribution means having a Feru structure having orifice holes with a diameter of 5 mm, Example: The flow rate deviation at the full operating load is 10% or less of the specified flow rate. Comparative example: 100% operating load The flow rate deviation at time is 3 of the specified flow rate.
The flow rate deviation at 0% 30% operating load was 80% of the specified flow rate. As described above, in the conventional liquid vaporization mixing apparatus, it is difficult to maintain the distribution accuracy at a low flow rate, but the liquid vaporization mixing apparatus of the present invention can maintain the distribution accuracy even at a low flow rate. .

[0022]

The liquid evaporative mixing apparatus of the present invention can evenly distribute the required amount of liquid to each heat transfer tube in a wide load range, and does not require fine processing such as an orifice hole and a spiral. Therefore, it is a multi-tube heat exchange type liquid vaporization and mixing apparatus and method which is easy to manufacture and has no fear of blockage or breakage, and can also facilitate maintenance.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic vertical sectional view of a liquid evaporative mixing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1: Shell 2: Heat transfer tube 3: Gas supply means 4: Gas introduction short tube 5: Gas supply / distribution member 6: Gas inlet 7: Mixed gas outlet 8: Liquid supply port 9: Heating medium inlet 10: Heating medium outlet A: Liquid supply chamber B: Heating room C: Mixed gas outlet chamber D: Liquid vaporization mixing chamber E: Gas storage chamber

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification code FI theme code (reference) F23K 5/00 303 F23K 5/00 303 F term (reference) 3K068 AA01 AB05 AB21 CA01 4G035 AB01 AB54 AC48 AE02 AE13 AE15 4G037 AA01 AA18 CA02 4G068 AA02 AB11 AC01 AC13 AD17 AE02 AF13 AF36

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A liquid supply chamber having a liquid supply port at a lower portion,
A shell having a closed structure partitioned by a partition into a heating chamber having a heating medium introducing port and a heating medium discharging port in the middle part and a mixed gas outlet chamber having a mixed gas discharging port in the upper part, the liquid supply chamber and the mixing A plurality of heat transfer tubes that communicate with the gas outlet chamber, and a position higher than the free surface of the liquid that is inserted into each of the heat transfer tubes from the liquid supply chamber side and that has flowed into at least the heat transfer tube from the liquid supply chamber. And a plurality of gas introduction short pipes extending to the above and a plurality of gas introduction short pipes connected to each other, and a gas supply means composed of a gas supply and distribution member. 2. The apparatus for vaporizing and mixing a liquid with a gas according to claim 1, wherein the gas supply / distribution member is a gas supply chamber which is partitioned and provided inside the liquid supply chamber. 3. A liquid supply chamber having a liquid supply port at the bottom,
A shell having a closed structure partitioned by a partition into a heating chamber having a heating medium introducing port and a heating medium discharging port in the middle part and a mixed gas outlet chamber having a mixed gas discharging port in the upper part, the liquid supply chamber and the mixing In a liquid vaporizing and mixing device for gas provided with a plurality of heat transfer tubes communicating with a gas outlet chamber, by controlling the amount of liquid flowing into the heat transfer tube via the liquid supply chamber, the free surface of the liquid The position is formed at a position commensurate with the amount of vaporized and mixed liquid, inserted into each heat transfer tube from the liquid supply chamber side, and at least higher than the free surface of the liquid flowing into the heat transfer tube from the liquid supply chamber. Gas is supplied into each of the heat transfer tubes by a gas supply means composed of a plurality of gas introduction short tubes extending to a position and a plurality of gas introduction short tubes connected to each other, and is supplied into the heating chamber. It is to vaporize the liquid of the heat transfer tube and mixed with gas by heat of the heating medium that circulates the liquid vaporization method for mixing the mixed gas to a gas, characterized in that discharged from the mixed gas outlet.