JP2002534643A - Reversing mechanism for pressure relief valve - Google Patents

Abstract

SUMMARY A reversing mechanism (3) for a pressure valve (1) is disclosed that is ideally adapted for use on mobile oil tankers and other gaseous liquid tankers. The valve (1) includes a valve seat (32) and a sealing means (18) that can be forced against the valve seat (32) to form a seal and that in the event of reversal the fluid in the tanker is reversed. Leakage through the valve (1) can be prevented. Such a valve (1) allows the pressure to be released under normal operating conditions, where the fluid in the tanker often evaporates and the pressure in said tanker can increase. The valve (1) of the present invention comprises a pendulum (10) located at an intermediate point along its length and having a pendulum weight (8) at one end and an arcuate contact pad (4) at the other end. A float arrangement (37) for such a reversing valve is also disclosed, wherein the supply line (36) is connected to the valve (1) over the valve seat (32) so that the pressure closes as a result of reversal and fluid pressure. Can be opened through valve (1).

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

TECHNICAL FIELD [0001] The present invention relates to a reversing mechanism for a pressure relief valve, and more particularly to a reversing mechanism for a pressure relief valve installed on a tanker.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Although the present invention almost exclusively describes a reversing mechanism for a pressure relief valve for a tanker carrying oil, for those skilled in the art, It will also be appreciated that the reversing mechanism for a tanker involved in transporting any fluid or gas or the like may be covered.

[0003] Pressure relief valves are typically employed on top of tankers used for the transport of petroleum, and typically on tankers used for the transport of volatiles. Evaporation of volatile petroleum in the vessel will eventually build up a pressure that is higher than the pressure outside and around the tanker. To reduce the risk of explosion due to this pressure build-up, the tanker automatically evacuates the contents at a specified safety pressure automatically through the opening of the pressure relief valve. Once the pressure inside the tanker drops below a certain pressure, the pressure relief valve closes to prevent unnecessary release of toxic gases into the environment.

[0004] Conventionally, pressure relief valves include a movable first portion abutting a seat portion, wherein a seal is formed between these components, thus allowing gas to escape from the tanker and to be external to the tanker. Prevent escape to the environment. The first portion is biased toward the seat portion to provide sufficient resistance to provide pressure build-up in the tanker that tends to separate the two valve components. Only when the pressure in the tanker increases to a certain level, the biasing force is overcome, at which point the two valve parts separate to allow evacuation of gas from the inside of the vessel and simultaneous pressure release Is done.

[0005] In the event of an accident where a petroleum tanker overturns, the gravity acting on the pressure relief valve or the weight of the oil will eventually force the valve to open, and the oil inside will leak. Fluids flowing through valves in situations where fluid spills present environmental problems and, of course, could be a significant danger if the fluid being transported inside the tanker is oil. It is imperative that losses be avoided.

[0006] In order to prevent leakage of fluid through the valve in the event of an accident, a reversing mechanism is employed in conjunction with the pressure release valve.

[0007] Conventionally, the reversing mechanism includes a free moving ball disposed between a pair of arcuate valve seats disposed vertically within the valve and defining the ends of the circular cavity through which the ball bearings can move. In. When the valve is in its conventional vertical orientation, the ball bearing is received in the lower one of the two seats, so that the fluid in the tanker passes through the valve during transport in conjunction with the oscillation of the tanker. In addition, a seal is formed to prevent the gas from flowing. In the event of an accident in which the tanker with the valve makes a reversing motion, the configuration of the ball bearing and the channel on which the ball bearing moves is such that gravity always acts on the ball and positions the ball in the valve seat below the ball. It has become. Thus, the ball in this case will only move between the first and second valve seats if the channel being moved is oriented substantially horizontally. In this orientation, the ball bearings are in neutral equilibrium. Only after the channel is at an angle to the horizontal does the ball bearing move to excite the reversing mechanism and prevent fluid leakage.

A disadvantage of the conventional reversing mechanism is that when the tanker rolls around its longitudinal axis over an angle of more than 90 °, the valve is completely shut off. If the tanker rolls around its longitudinal axis over an angle of 90 ° or less, or if the tanker rotates around an axis different from its longitudinal axis during an accident, the conventional reversing mechanism will no longer work. Disappear, which results in an oil spill.
Moreover, prior art rolling mechanisms prevent oil tanker evacuation when excited and unacceptable pressure build-up in the tanker can still occur. Conventional reversing mechanisms also prevent manual opening once excited and prevent oil from being discharged from the tanker before the tanker returns to its correct orientation.

[0009] It is therefore an object of the present invention that the tanker is only slightly angled, for example from 10 ° to 2 °.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a reversing mechanism introduced in a pressure relief valve that is excited when rotating by 0 ° to prevent fluid from leaking from a tanker.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a reversing mechanism that is excited when the tanker rotates about any axis by a small angle.

It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a means that allows the tanker to be evacuated following an accident in which the tanker is raised and the reversing mechanism of the present invention is excited.

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a reversing mechanism for a valve, and a movable means for allowing the valve to freely move toward and away from a pressure surface in the valve, wherein the sealing means passes through the valve. A seal is formed at the pressure surface adjacent thereto to prevent leakage of fluid, and wherein the reversing mechanism rotates the valve about an axis parallel to any axis along which the pendulum means can swing. A pendulum means communicating with the sealing means to adjust the sealing means toward the pressure surface when gravity acts on the pendulum means to deflect the means and ultimately to the pressure surface. And

[0013] Preferably, the degree of displacement of the sealing means towards the pressure surface depends on the degree of deflection of the pendulum means and therefore on the angle of rotation of the valve.

Preferably, the pendulum means includes a profile end on one side of the pivot below which the pendulum means oscillates, and the sealing means against the pressure surface when rotating above the pivot with the pendulum means. The sealing means rests on the end of the profile against which it is pressed.

Preferably, the profile end is at least partially arcuate.

The sealing means is preferably equipped with an annular or O-ring seal on the surface of the sealing means adjacent to the pressure surface, which is also preferably annular.

Preferably, the pendulum means is equipped with universal joint means so that when the valve rotates about an axis parallel to said plurality of axes, said pendulum means can rotate about a plurality of different axes. It is.

[0018] Preferably, the valve is located on a tanker adapted to carry a volatile fluid, such as petroleum.

Preferably, the valve is equipped with an exhaust device, wherein the upper gaseous pressure in the tanker can be exhausted when the tanker reverses and the reversing mechanism is excited, said device comprising a gaseous flow. A supply pipe provided with a float means floating on the surface of the fluid in the tanker so as to flow from above the fluid surface, wherein the float means is provided with a hole or the like, through which gas can flow; It is characterized in that it communicates with a cavity in the valve that allows gaseous evacuation, said cavity being arranged on another side of the sealing means with respect to what is adjacent inside the tanker. This aspect of the invention constitutes an invention which can be claimed independently and in its own right.

Preferably, the supply line connected to the float means is flexible and resistant to fluid corrosion.

Preferably, a movable cover means is provided for a float means of the type described above,
The cover means is movable between a first position in which it completely covers the hole of the float means and a second position in which at least a part of the hole is not covered, wherein the cover means is provided such that the float means dives below the fluid and When the float means rises to the surface and moves so as not to cover the holes, it moves so as to cover the holes.

Preferably, the cover means includes a collar around the float means.

Preferably, the displacing mechanism is manually displaceable from the pressure surface by an opening means provided in the valve, regardless of whether the reversing mechanism can be excited to allow fluid to flow from the tanker through the valve. .

Preferably, the tanker is equipped with a number of pressure relief valves equipped with at least one and preferably a reversing mechanism and float means.

A specific embodiment of the present invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring first to FIG. 1, there is illustrated a pressure relief valve 1 and a reversing mechanism 3 which, in use, are mounted on a tanker carrying oil and used for the tanker. The shell is generally indicated by an X.

The pressure relief valve has a cylindrical outer sleeve 2 and a plunger 24 seated on an annular valve seat 32. The plunger 24 includes a body 23 and a locating sleeve 25, both of which provide pressure resistance to increasing positive pressure below the plunger 24. The pressure differential between plunger 24 and valve seat 32 is such that the pressure differential across plunger 24 is large enough to force plunger 24 upwardly from valve seat 32 to break the seal and allow the container to be evacuated. O-ring 3 to create an airtight seal
1 is provided. A pressure relief valve of this configuration is disclosed in a pending application filed on the same date.

The outer sleeve 2 has a flame catching wire mesh 28 and a retaining ring 30 inserted into the uppermost portion to maintain the position of the wire mesh 28 within the outer sleeve 2.

The main body 23 of the plunger 24 has a central hole 19 with a central rod 27 passing therethrough. A spring 26 is disposed around the central bar 27 in a portion above the portion 23 and is gripped on the central bar 27 by a circular clip 29. A vacuum seal plate 22 is attached to the central rod 27. The vacuum sealing plate 22 has an O-ring,
The plunger 24 is seated on the bottom side of the portion 23 of the plunger 24 to form an airtight seal when forming a seal with the valve seat 32.

The hollow cylindrical boss 7 installed on the reversing seal plate 18 is provided at the free end 20 of the central rod 27.
, Thus preventing the reversal seal plate 18 from being displaced laterally. The reversing seal plate 18 has an O-ring 9 so as to form an airtight seal with the inner shoulder 37 of the valve.
It has. When the tanker is in the upright position, the reversing seal plate is seated on the pivot plate 4.

Referring to FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, these figures show a reversing mechanism 3 including a pivot plate 4 rigidly connected to a pendulum shaft 10 which is associated with a weight 8 via a stem portion 12. Illustrated. A pivot 6 is provided on the shaft 10 at a desired point between the weight 8 and the pivot plate 4. The reversing mechanism 3 is gripped by a pivot pin 14 in a cavity 100 defined by the wall of the sleeve 2. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the configuration shown in this drawing allows one degree of freedom in that the pendulum axis 10 can only rotate in a single plane. Universal joints to allow two degrees of freedom to rotate the valve about an axis that is not parallel to the longitudinal axis of the valve rotate the shaft 10 about the pivot, thus providing for excitation of the mechanism. Can be incorporated into the reversing mechanism 3.

When the tanker is in the upright position, the weight 8 hangs vertically. In the event of a tanker reversal, the longitudinal axis of the valve 1 exhibits an acute angle θ ° from its conventional vertical position, but gravity acts on the pendulum in an attempt to ensure that the pendulum always assumes a vertical position. The wall of the sleeve 2 is the degree of rotation of the tanker, so the valve is probably 3
It should be pointed out that the wall of the sleeve 2 prevents such a vertical position from being accepted by the pendulum if it exceeds 0 ° but in any case the reversal mechanism has already been excited. In this mode of operation, the prior art reversal mechanism is generally 90 ° tanker
It is a significant advantage of the present invention that it will not be excited until it has rotated through these angles, after which the fluid may have already been drained through the valve. Moreover, prior art mechanisms have not previously been able to prevent discharge through a valve when the tanker rotates about an axis other than its longitudinal axis.

As the pendulum shaft 10 swings, the pivot plate 4 firmly connected to the pendulum rotates. As the pivot plate rotates, the pivot plate forces the reversing seal plate 18 toward and ultimately against the inner shoulder 33 of the outer sleeve 2,
Thus, it forms a seal and seal for the pressure valve 1 and also prevents oil from leaking from the tanker through the valve.

In the event of an accident in which the reversing mechanism is activated, the flame catcher 28 and the retaining ring 30 can be removed and a hose can be mounted on the uppermost part of the outer sleeve 2. The hose is equipped with a fitting that pushes down the central bar 27 and the spring 26, thus pushing down the vacuum seal plate 22 and the reversal seal plate 18 to allow the components and the lower and inner shoulders 33 of the plunger 24 to be pushed down. Destroy each seal.
Next, the oil in the tanker can be discharged by this action.

Referring now to FIGS. 4 a and 4 b, these figures illustrate a float assembly 37 which is seated below a secondary float 40 having a collar 48. Including a float 38. Under normal circumstances when the tanker is in an upright position, the main float 38 floats on the surface of the oil 46. The flexible tube 36 has a first end connected between the pressure relief valve 1 and the reversing mechanism 3 (not shown). The tube 36 is connected to a valve as shown in FIG.
The second end of the flexible tube 36 is connected to the float assembly 37 for a perforated tube 44 passing through the float assembly 37, as shown in FIGS. 4a and 4b. The tube 44 has a hole 42. The main float 38 keeps the holes 42 above the oil level, thus allowing the exhaust of gas and vapor above the oil 46.

In the event of a tanker inversion, the main float 38 is forced below the surface of the oil 46 as the volume of fuel in the tanker moves under gravity. When the main float 38 is forced below the surface of the oil 46, the secondary floats 40, 48 are
2 to block oil 46 from escaping along tube 36 and block tube 36 from being blocked. Once the main float rises to the surface of oil 46, the secondary float 40
, The collar 48 drops below the level of the hole 42, thus allowing the tanker to be vented even in the upside down position.

Although particular embodiments have been described solely with reference to tankers for transporting petroleum, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention may also include the transport of other liquids or possibly gases and the like. .

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a reversing mechanism mounted on a pressure relief valve for a tanker according to the present invention when the tanker is in an upright position.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the reversing mechanism for the tanker according to the present invention when the tanker is in the upright position.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the reversing mechanism for the tanker according to the present invention when the tanker is at an angle.

FIG. 4a is an enlarged schematic view of the float assembly according to the second aspect of the present invention in an exhaust position.

FIG. 4b is an enlarged schematic view of the float assembly in the case of a tanker containing a volatile liquid to be overturned.

[Procedure for Amendment] Submission of Translation of Article 34 Amendment of the Patent Cooperation Treaty Subject item name] Full text [Correction method] Change [Contents of correction] [Title of the invention] Reversing mechanism for pressure relief valve [Claims] [Detailed description of the invention] The invention relates to a reversing mechanism for a pressure relief valve, and more particularly to a tanker (t)
and a reversing mechanism for a pressure relief valve installed on an anker. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Although the present invention describes almost exclusively a reversing mechanism for a pressure relief valve for a tanker for transporting petroleum, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention is not limited to any fluid or fluid. It will be appreciated that it may cover a reversing mechanism for a tanker that includes gas transport. [0003] Pressure relief valves are commonly employed on top of tankers used for the transport of volatiles, and in particular on top of tankers used for the transport of petroleum. As the volatile petroleum evaporates in the vessel, the resulting pressure increases and becomes higher than the pressure of the atmosphere outside the tanker. To reduce the risk of explosion due to this pressure increase, tankers automatically open the pressure relief valve to automatically evacuate the contents at a specified safety pressure. When the pressure inside the tanker drops below a certain pressure, the pressure relief valve closes to prevent unnecessary release of toxic gases to the environment. Conventionally, a pressure relief valve includes a movable first portion that abuts a seat portion, wherein a seal is formed between these components so that gas may leak from the tanker and fall outside the tanker. Prevent escape. This first portion is biased toward the seat portion so that it can sufficiently resist the pressure buildup in the tanker that attempts to separate the two valve components. The biasing force is only overcome if the pressure in the tanker increases to a predetermined level, at which time the two valve parts separate and allow the gas to escape from the inside of the vessel, while at the same time the pressure is reduced. Be released. [0005] When an accident that causes the oil tanker to capsize occurs, the valve is forcibly opened by the gravity acting on the pressure release valve or the weight of the oil, and the oil leaks. In situations where fluid spills cause ecologically or environmentally significant problems, it is essential that fluid loss through the valve be avoided. Of course, if the fluid being carried into the tanker is petroleum, significant dangers may arise. [0006] In order to prevent leakage of fluid through the valve in the event of an accident, a reversing mechanism is employed in conjunction with the pressure release valve. Conventionally, a reversing mechanism is disposed between a pair of arcuate valve seats disposed vertically within a valve and is a free-moving ball that defines the ends of its circular cavity through which a ball bearing can move. Contains. When the valve is in the conventional vertical orientation, the ball bearing is received in the lower of the two valve seats, forming a seal, and the fluid in the tanker passes through the valve even if the tanker vibrates during transport And prevent it from flowing. In the event of an accident where the tanker with the valve rolls over, the configuration of the ball bearing and the moving channel of the ball bearing is such that gravity always acts on the ball and places the ball below the ball seat. It is designed to be positioned within. Thus, the ball in this case will only move between the first and second valve seats if the channel in which it moves is oriented substantially horizontally. In this orientation, the ball bearings are in neutral equilibrium. Only after the channel is at an angle to the horizontal, the ball bearings move to activate the reversing mechanism to prevent fluid leakage. A disadvantage of the conventional reversing mechanism is that when the tanker rolls around the longitudinal axis at an angle of 90 ° or more, the valve is completely shut off. If the tanker rolls around its longitudinal axis at an angle of 90 ° or less, or if the tanker rotates around an axis different from its longitudinal axis during an accident, the conventional reversing mechanism no longer works, This causes a leak of oil. In addition, prior art reversing mechanisms prevent oil tanker evacuation during operation, so that pressure build-up within the tanker can also be exceeded. Conventional reversing mechanisms also do not allow manual opening once activated, which also prevents pumping off the tanker before the tanker returns to its correct orientation. [0009] US Pat. No. 4,593,711 of Motris is associated with a valve element which is axially displaceable in the valve.
Of pressure and vacuum release valve mechanism for a fluid storage tank introducing a pendulum element
Have been. When the valve leaves the axis, the pendulum rotates under the action of gravity,
The components are configured to be forced against the seal surface to create a seal
I have. [0010] FR2271139 is a hollow boss fixed to a reservoir that can move the piston inside.
Discloses a gas pressure release valve for a reservoir composed of: If the pendulum rotates,
The ston is moved upward in the boss, and through the exhaust provided in the area above the boss.
Contact that the piston rests against the seal surface to prevent fluid leakage
The surface causes the movement of the piston. The top of the valve is fixed to the top of the valve.
Equipped with a hat-shaped holding cap, inside which the gas pressure inside the tanker is large.
If it becomes difficult, a device to equalize the pressure is installed. [0011] Finally, US Pat. No. 3,650,293 to Kuna et al.
Install a pressure relief valve and allow its free end to float freely over the surface of the liquid in the tanker
The concept of making this is disclosed. If the tanker is inverted, the free end is free on the surface
You will easily dive before re-floating. As the conduit dives, how the fluid conducts
There is no explanation as to whether they will be blocked from entering the tube . It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a means that allows the tanker to be evacuated after an accident in which the tanker is upturned and the reversing mechanism of the present invention is activated. According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a valve in which a reversing mechanism is introduced, wherein the mechanism moves freely to and away from a pressure surface in the valve. It comprises movable sealing means for the fluid valve
When forced into contact with the pressure valve to prevent leakage through
The sealing means creates a seal with the pressure surface, and the reversing mechanism activates the pendulum means.
Including about an axis parallel to its axis around which the pendulum means can swing
When the valve rotates, gravity acts on the pendulum means to deflect the pendulum means.
Sealing means such that the child means faces the pressure surface and ultimately faces the pressure surface.
Communicate in conjunction with the sealing means and the pressure surface.
Breaks the seal between and allows fluid to flow through the valve regardless of valve orientation
The valve is characterized in that the valve is provided with an opening means that can be squashed. [0013] Preferably, the degree of freedom of displacement of the sealing means towards the pressure surface depends on the degree of freedom of the deflection of the pendulum means and therefore on the angle of rotation of the valve. . Preferably, the pendulum means comprises a profiled end on one side of the pivot below which the pendulum means swings, and the sealing means comprises a pressure surface as the pendulum means rotates over the pivot. Press the sealing means against
urge) rest on the end of the profile. Preferably, the profile end is at least partially arcuate. Preferably, the sealing means comprises an annular or O-ring seal on the surface of the sealing means adjacent to the pressure surface, which is also preferably annular. [0017] Preferably, the pendulum means comprises universal joint means, such that said pendulum means can rotate around a plurality of different axes as the valve rotates about an axis parallel to the plurality of axes. ing. [0018] Preferably, the valve is provided on a tanker adapted to carry a volatile fluid such as petroleum. Preferably, the valve is provided with an evacuation device, wherein the gaseous pressure above the tanker can be evacuated when the tanker rolls over and the reversing mechanism is activated, said equipment comprising: A supply pipe provided with a float means floating on the surface of the fluid in the tanker so as to flow from above; the float means is provided with a hole or the like, through which gas can flow; Characterized in that it communicates with a cavity in the valve which allows the exhaust of the tanker, said cavity being arranged on another side of the sealing means with respect to what is adjacent inside the tanker. This aspect of the invention constitutes an invention which can be claimed independently and in its own right. Preferably, the supply line connected to the float means is flexible and resistant to fluid corrosion. Preferably, a movable cover means is provided for a float means of the type described above,
The cover means is movable between a first position in which it completely covers the hole of the float means and a second position in which at least a part of the hole is not covered, wherein the cover means is provided when the float means dives below the fluid. The float means moves so as not to cover the hole when the float means rises to the surface. Preferably, the cover means includes a collar around the float means. Preferably, the tanker has at least one, preferably several, pressure relief valves equipped with a reversing mechanism and float means. [0025] Specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. Referring first to FIG. 1, there is illustrated a pressure relief valve 1 and a reversing mechanism 3 which, in use, are mounted on a tanker carrying oil and used for the tanker. The shell is generally indicated by an X. The pressure relief valve has a cylindrical outer sleeve 2 and a plunger 24 seated on an annular valve seat 32. The plunger 24 is located in the main body 23 and positioned (locatin).
g) includes sleeves 25, both of which provide pressure resistance to increasing positive pressure below plunger 24. The pressure differential between plunger 24 and valve seat 32 is such that the pressure differential across plunger 24 is large enough to force plunger 24 upwardly from valve seat 32 to break the seal and allow the container to be evacuated. An O-ring 31 is provided to create a hermetic seal. A pressure relief valve of this configuration is disclosed in a pending application filed on the same date. The outer sleeve 2 has the flame catcher 28 and retaining ring 30 inserted into the uppermost portion to maintain the position of the flame catcher 28 within the outer sleeve 2. The main body 23 of the plunger 24 has a central hole 19 with a central rod 27 passing therethrough. A spring 26 is disposed around the central bar 27 in a portion above the portion 23 and is gripped on the central bar 27 by a circular clip 29. A vacuum seal plate 22 is attached to the central rod 27. The vacuum sealing plate 22 has an O-ring,
The plunger 24 is seated on the bottom side of the portion 23 of the plunger 24 to form an airtight seal when forming a seal with the valve seat 32. The hollow cylindrical boss 7 installed on the reversing seal plate 18 is provided at the free end 20 of the central rod 27.
, Thus preventing the reversal seal plate 18 from being displaced laterally. The reversing seal plate 18 has an O-ring 9 so as to form an airtight seal with the inner shoulder 37 of the valve.
It has. When the tanker is in the upright position, the reversing seal plate is seated on the pivot plate 4. Referring to FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, these figures show a reversing mechanism 3 including a pivot plate 4 rigidly connected to a pendulum shaft 10 which is associated with a weight 8 via a stem portion 12. Illustrated. A pivot 6 is provided on the shaft 10 at a desired point between the weight 8 and the pivot plate 4. The reversing mechanism 3 is gripped by a pivot pin 14 in a cavity 100 defined by the wall of the sleeve 2. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the configuration shown in this figure provides one degree of freedom in that the pendulum axis 10 can only rotate in a single plane. Rotation of the valve about an axis that is not parallel to the longitudinal axis of the valve causes the shaft 10 to rotate about the pivot, thus providing a two degree of freedom of rotation to effectuate mechanical action. It is possible to incorporate in. When the tanker is in the upright position, the weight 8 hangs vertically. In the event of an accident such as a tanker tipping over, the longitudinal axis of the valve 1 presents an acute angle θ ° from its conventional vertical position, but the gravitational action acts on the pendulum so that the pendulum always assumes a vertical position. It can be pointed out that the wall of the sleeve 2 prevents the degree of rotation of the tanker, and thus the valve, possibly over 30 °, but the wall of the sleeve 2 prevents such a vertical position from being accepted by the pendulum. However, in any case the reversing mechanism will already be operating. This mode of operation is that the prior art reversing mechanism will not operate until the tanker has rotated through an angle of approximately 90 ° or more, after which fluid leakage through the valve will have already occurred, It constitutes a significant advantage of the present invention. Moreover, previously, prior art mechanisms were unable to prevent leakage through the valve as the tanker rotated about an axis other than its longitudinal axis. When the pendulum shaft 10 swings, the pivot plate 4 firmly connected to the pendulum
Rotates. As the pivot plate rotates, the pivot plate pushes the reversing seal plate 18 toward the inner shoulder 33 of the outer sleeve 2 and ultimately against the inner shoulder 33,
This forms a seal and shuts off the pressure valve 1 to prevent oil from leaking from the tanker through the valve. In the event of an accident in which the reversing mechanism operates, the flame catching wire mesh 28 and the retaining ring 30 can be removed and a hose can be mounted on the uppermost part of the outer sleeve 2. The hose is equipped with a fitting that pushes down the central rod 27 and the spring 26, which pushes down the vacuum seal plate 22 and the reversal seal plate 18, and these components and the lower and inner shoulders 33 of the plunger 24. Break each seal between them. Then, by this action, the oil in the tanker can be discharged by the pump. Referring now to FIGS. 4 a and 4 b, these figures illustrate a float assembly 37 which is seated below a secondary float 40 having a collar 48. Including a float 38. Under normal circumstances when the tanker is in an upright position, the main float 38 floats on the surface of the oil 46. The flexible tube 36 has a first end connected between the pressure release valve 1 and the reversing mechanism 3 (not shown). The tube 36 is connected to a valve as shown in FIG.
The second end of the flexible tube 36 is connected to the float assembly 37 for a perforated tube 44 passing through the float assembly 37, as shown in FIGS. 4a and 4b. The tube 44 has a hole 42. The main float 38 keeps the holes 42 above the level of petroleum, thereby allowing the exhaust of gas and steam above the petroleum 46. In the event of an overturn of the tanker, the main float 38 is forced below the surface of the oil 46 as the volume of fuel in the tanker moves under gravity. When the main float 38 is forced beneath the surface of the oil 46, the secondary float 40, the collar 48 rises up the flexible tube and closes the hole 42, preventing the oil 46 from escaping along the tube 36. , Tube 3
Block 6 from being blocked. Once the main float rises above the surface of the oil 46, the secondary float 40, the collar 48, falls below the level of the hole 42, thereby allowing the tanker to be exhausted even in the upturned position. Although particular embodiments have been described solely with reference to tankers for transporting petroleum, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention may also include the transport of other liquids or possibly gases and the like. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a reversing mechanism mounted on a pressure relief valve for a tanker according to the present invention when the tanker is in an upright position. FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the reversing mechanism for a tanker according to the present invention when the tanker is in an upright position. FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the reversing mechanism for a tanker according to the present invention when the tanker is at an angle. FIG. 4a is an enlarged schematic view of a float assembly according to a second aspect of the present invention in an exhaust position. FIG. 4b is an enlarged schematic view of the float assembly in the case of an inverted tanker containing a volatile liquid. [Procedure amendment 2] [Document name to be amended] Drawing [Item name to be amended] Fig. 1 [Correction method] Change [Contents of amendment] [Fig. 1]

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Claims (15)

[Claims] 1. A reversing mechanism for a valve, said valve having movable seal means for moving freely to and away from a pressure surface in the valve, said seal means preventing gas from leaking through the valve. A reversing mechanism adapted to form a seal with said pressure surface when forced in contact to prevent rotation of the valve about an axis parallel to its axis about which the pendulum means can swing. Wherein, when gravity acts on the pendulum means to deflect the pendulum means, it includes a pendulum means communicating with the seal means to force the seal means toward the pressure surface and ultimately to oppose the pressure surface. Reversing mechanism. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the degree of deflection of the sealing means relative to the pressure surface depends on the degree of deflection of the pendulum means and on the angle of rotation of the valve therethrough. mechanism. 3. The communication between the pendulum means and the movable seal means such that when the pendulum means undergoes an angular displacement, an axial displacement of the seal means toward a pressure surface is produced. The mechanism described in each item. 4. A pendulum means pivotally mounted at a midpoint along its length such that angular displacement of said pendulum means occurs in substantially opposite directions on opposite sides of said pivot. 4. The mechanism according to claim 3, wherein 5. The pendulum means is provided with a profile end on one side of a pivot around which the pendulum means swings, wherein the sealing means rests on the profile end, the angular displacement of which presses the sealing means. 5. The mechanism according to claim 4, wherein the mechanism is displaced in an axial direction so as to be placed on a surface. 6. The mechanism according to claim 5, wherein the profile end is at least partially arcuate. 7. The sealing means according to claim 1, wherein the sealing means is provided with an annular seal on its surface, the pressure surface on which the sealing means is forced during operation of the valve is annular. The described mechanism. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein said pendulum means is pivotally connected by universal joint means to enable angular displacement of said pendulum means about a plurality of different axes. The described mechanism. 9. A mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein a valve is provided on a tanker adapted to carry the volatile fluid. 10. Independently of whether or not the reversing mechanism is energized to allow fluid flow from within the tanker through the valve, the sealing means is manually released from the pressure surface by opening means located within the valve. The mechanism according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the mechanism is displaceable. 11. An exhaust system for a pressure relief valve including a reversing mechanism that allows the gaseous pressure above the fluid in the tanker to be evacuated through a valve when the reversing mechanism is excited. Including a supply tube having a free end floating at the surface and having float means disposed thereon, said free end allowing gaseous flow into the tube from above the fluid surface and the supply tube allowing gaseous exhaust. An exhaust system communicating with a cavity inside the valve, wherein the cavity is disposed on another side of the sealing means with respect to a side adjacent to the inside of the tanker. 12. The exhaust device according to claim 11, wherein the supply pipe connected to the float means is flexible and resistant to corrosion from a fluid. 13. The supply tube according to claim 11, wherein the free end of the supply tube is sealed, but provided with a transverse hole near said free end through which gas can flow. The exhaust device according to the item. 14. A movable cover means is provided in addition to or in combination with the float means, wherein the cover means completely covers a hole in the supply tube, and wherein the hole is at least partially provided. The supply pipe is movable between the uncovered second position and the cover means moves so as to close the hole when the float means dives below the fluid, and the float means is on the surface 14. The exhaust device according to claim 13, wherein the exhaust device moves so as not to cover the hole. 15. The exhaust system according to claim 14, wherein the cover means includes a collar around the supply pipe slidably movable.