JP2002528942A - Application example of general-purpose frequency translation - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) Abstract: Frequency translation and its applications are described herein. Such applications include, but are not limited to, frequency down-conversion, frequency up-conversion, extended signal reception, unified down-conversion and filtering, and combinations and applications thereof.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates generally to frequency translation and its applications.

(Related Art) Frequency down-conversion,
Various communication components for performing frequency up-conversion and filtering
There is. There is also a method for performing signal reception regardless of a potential interference signal.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0003] The present invention relates to frequency translation and its applications. Such applications include frequency down-conversion, frequency up-conversion, extended signal reception (enhanc
ed signal reception, unified down-conversion and filtering
ing), and combinations and applications thereof, but are not limited thereto.

Further features and advantages of the present invention, as well as the structure and operation of various embodiments of the present invention, are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawing in which an element first appears is typically indicated by the leftmost letter and / or digit in the corresponding reference number.

(Detailed Description of Preferred Embodiments) Table of Contents 1. Universal frequency translation Frequency down-conversion 2.1 Optional energy transfer signal module 2.2 Smoothing down-converted signal 2.3 Impedance matching 2.4 Tank and resonant structure 2.5 Charge and power transfer concept 2.6 Not negligible Aperture width / duration optimization and adjustment 2.6.1 Input / output impedance variation 2.6.2 Real-time aperture control 2.7 Addition of bypass network 2.8 Modification of energy transfer signal using feedback 2.9 Other implementations 2.10 Example of energy transfer down converter 3. Frequency up-conversion 4. Extension signal reception 5. Unified down-conversion and filtering Application Examples of Embodiments of the Present Invention 6.1 Telephone 6.2 Base Station 6.3 Positioning 6.4 Data Communication 6.5 Pager 6.6 Security 6.7 Repeater 6.8 Mobile Radio 6.9 Satellite Up / Down Links 6.10 Commands and Controls 6.10.1 PC Peripherals 6.10.2 Building / Residential Functions 6.10.3 Car Control 6.10.4 Aircraft Control 6.10.5 Marine Control 6.11 Wireless Control 6.12 Wireless synchronous clock 6.13 Other application examples 6.13.1 Application examples including extended signal reception 6.13.2 Application examples including unified down conversion and filtering

[0006] 7. Conclusion 1. TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a frequency translation and an application example thereof. Such applications include, but are not limited to, frequency down-conversion, frequency up-conversion, extended signal reception, unified down-conversion and filtering, and combinations and applications thereof.

FIG. 1A illustrates a universal frequency translation (UFT) according to an embodiment of the present invention.
1 shows a module 102. (The UFT module is a general-purpose frequency translator,
Or it may be called a general-purpose translator. As the example of FIG. 1A shows, some embodiments of the UFT module 102
Includes three ports (nodes). In FIG. 1A, they are port 1, port 2, and port 3. Other UFT embodiments include more than three ports.

In general, UFT module 102 operates (possibly in combination with other components) to generate an output signal from an input signal, wherein the frequency of the output signal is different from the frequency of the input signal. That is, UFT module 102 (and possibly other components) converts the output signal from the input signal by converting the frequency (and possibly other characteristics) of the input signal to the frequency (and possibly other characteristics) of the output signal. Operate to generate.

An example of an embodiment of the UFT module 103 is generally as shown in FIG. 1B.
Generally, UFT module 103 includes a switch 106 controlled by a control signal 108. The switch 106 is called a switch with control.

As mentioned above, some UFT embodiments include more than three ports.
For example, but not by way of limitation, FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a UFT module 202. The UFT module 202 in this example has port 1 and port 2 in the figure.
Includes a diode 204 with two ports that are / 3. This embodiment is the third
In the figure, the dotted line surrounds the “port 3” label.

The UFT module is a very powerful and flexible device. This flexibility is demonstrated in part by the wide range of applications in which the module can be used. The power of this module depends on the availability and performance of such applications.
Partially shown.

For example, UFT module 115 can be used with universal frequency down-conversion (UFD) module 114, an example of which is shown in FIG. 1C. In this ability,
UFT module 115 frequency down converts the input signal to an output signal.

As another example, as shown in FIG. 1D, UFT module 117 can be used with universal frequency up-conversion (UFU) module 116. In this capability, the UFT module 117 up-converts an input signal to an output signal.

[0014] These and other applications of the UFT module are described below. Additional applications of the UFT module are based on the teachings contained herein.
It will be clear to the skilled person. In some applications, a UFT module is a required component. In other applications, the UFT module is an optional component.

[0015] 2. The present invention is directed to a system and method for universal frequency down-conversion, and applications thereof. In particular, the following discussion describes down-conversion using a universal frequency translation module.

FIG. 20A shows an aliasing module 2000 for down-conversion using a universal frequency translation (UFT) module 2002 that down-converts the EM input signal 2004. In certain embodiments, aliasing module 2000 includes switch 2008 and capacitor 2010. The electronic arrangement of circuit components is flexible. That is, in one implementation, switch 200
8 is in series with the input signal 2004 and the capacitor 2010 is shunted to ground (
In a configuration such as a differential mode, this may be something other than ground).
In the second implementation (see FIG. 20A-1), the capacitor 2010 is in series with the input signal 2004 and the switch 2008 is shunted to ground (in configurations such as differential mode, this is something other than ground). May be present). The aliasing module 2000 with the UFT module 2002
It can easily be adjusted to downconvert a wide variety of electromagnetic signals using an aliasing frequency well below the frequency of 4.

In some implementations, aliasing module 2000 includes input signal 200
4 downconverted to an intermediate frequency (IF) signal. In another implementation, aliasing module 2000 downconverts input signal 2004 to a demodulated baseband signal. In another implementation, input signal 2004 is frequency modulated (
Aliasing module 2000 downconverts the FM signal to a non-FM signal such as a phase modulated (PM) signal or an amplitude modulated (AM) signal. Each of the above implementations is described below.

In one embodiment, control signal 2006 has a frequency of 2 of input signal 2004.
Includes a pulse train that repeats at an aliasing rate that is less than or equal to twice. In this embodiment, the control signal 2006 is
Since it is lower than the Nyquist rate for the frequency of 4, the control signal 2006 is referred to as an aliasing signal in this specification. Preferably, the frequency of the control signal 2006 is significantly lower than the input signal 2004.

A pulse train 2018 shown in FIG. 20D controls the switch 2008 to generate a control signal 2
At 006, the input signal 2004 is aliased, and the output signal 201 down-converted
Generate 2. Specifically, in one embodiment, switch 2008 is configured as shown in FIG.
Close at the first edge of each pulse 2020 of 0D and open at the second edge of each pulse. When switch 2008 is closed, input signal 2004 is coupled to capacitor 2010 and charge is transferred from the input signal to capacitor 2010. The charge stored during successive pulses forms a down-converted output signal 2012.

Exemplary waveforms are shown in FIGS. 20B-20F.

FIG. 20B shows an analog amplitude modulated (AM) carrier signal 2014 that is an example of the input signal 2004. For illustration, in FIG. 20C, the analog AM carrier signal section 20
16 shows a portion of the analog AM carrier signal 2014 on the extended time scale. Analog AM carrier signal section 2016 shows analog AM carrier signal 2014 from time t ₀ to time t ₁ .

FIG. 20D illustrates an exemplary aliasing signal 2018 that is an example of the control signal 2006.
Is shown. Aliasing signal 2018 is on substantially the same time scale as analog AM carrier signal section 2016. In the example shown in FIG. 20D, the aliasing signal 20
18 includes a pulse train 2020 having a non-negligible aperture towards zero (the invention is not limited to this embodiment as discussed below). As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the pulse aperture may also be referred to as the pulse width. Pulse 2020 is the aliasing rate or aliasing signal 20
Repeat with 18 pulse repetitions. The aliasing rate is determined as described below.

As described above, pulse train 2020 (ie, control signal 2006) controls switch 2008 to alias analog AM carrier signal 2016 (ie, input signal 2004) at the aliasing rate of aliasing signal 2018. In particular, in this embodiment, switch 2008 closes on the first edge of each pulse and opens on the second edge of each pulse. When the switch 2008 is closed,
Input signal 2004 is coupled to capacitor 2010 and charge is transferred from input signal 2004 to capacitor 2010. The charge transferred during the pulse is referred to herein as a sample. An exemplary sampled sample 2022 is an analog AM carrier signal section 2
Form a downconverted signal section 2024 (FIG. 20E) corresponding to 016 (FIG. 20C) and pulse train 2020 (FIG. 20D). The charge stored in successive samples of the AM carrier signal 2014 is converted to a down-converted output signal 2012 (FIG. 20A).
To form a downconverted signal 2024 (FIG. 20E). In FIG. 20F, demodulated baseband signal 2026 represents demodulated baseband signal 2024 after filtering on a compressed time scale. As shown, downconverted signal 2026 has substantially the same “amplitude envelope” as AM carrier signal 2014. Accordingly, FIGS. 20B through 20F show the down-conversion of AM carrier signal 2014.

The waveforms shown in FIGS. 20B through 20F are discussed herein for purposes of illustration and are not intended to be limiting.

The aliasing rate of control signal 2006 may be such that input signal 2004 is downconverted to an IF signal, downconverted to a demodulated baseband signal, or F
It is determined whether the M signal is down-converted into a PM signal or an AM signal. In general, the relationship between the input signal 2004, the aliasing rate of the control signal 2006, and the down-converted output signal 2012 will be described below.

(Frequency of input signal 2004) = n · (Frequency of control signal 2006) ± (Frequency of down-converted output signal 2012) For the examples included in this specification, only the state of “+” Discuss. The value of n represents the harmonic or sub-harmonic of the input signal 2004 (
For example, n = 0.5, 1, 2, 3,. . . ).

When the aliasing rate of control signal 2006 is offset from the frequency of input signal 2004 or is offset from its harmonics or subharmonics, input signal 200
4 is down-converted to an IF signal. This is because pulses to be sampled are generated at different phases in the subsequent cycle of the input signal 2004. As a result, the sample forms a lower frequency oscillation pattern. The input signal 2004 has an amplitude
When including lower frequency changes in frequency, phase, etc., or any combination thereof, the charge stored in the associated sample-to-sample reflects the lower frequency changes, and consequently a similar in the down-converted IF signal. Changes occur. For example, 90
To convert a 1 MHz input signal down to a 1 MHz IF signal, the control signal 200
The frequency of 6 is calculated as follows.

For (Freq _input -Freq _IF ) / n = Freq _control (901 MHz-1 MHz) / n = 900 / nn where n = 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc., the frequency of the control signal 2006 is 1.
It is substantially equal to 8 GHz, 900 MHz, 450 MHz, 300 MHz, 225 MHz, and the like.

Alternatively, when the aliasing rate of control signal 2006 is substantially equal to the frequency of input signal 2004, or substantially equal to its harmonics or subharmonics,
The input signal 2004 is directly down-converted to a demodulated baseband signal. This is because the sampled pulse occurs at the same point in the subsequent cycle of the input signal 2004 without modulation. As a result, the sampled sample forms a constant output baseband signal. If the input signal 2004 includes a lower frequency change in amplitude, frequency, phase, etc., or any combination thereof, the charge stored in the associated sample to be sampled will reflect the lower frequency change and thus be demodulated. A similar change occurs in the baseband signal. For example, to directly downconvert a 900 MHz input signal to a demodulated baseband signal (ie, zero IF), the frequency of control signal 2006 is calculated as follows.

For (Freq _input -Freq _IF ) / n = Freq _control (900 MHz-0 MHz) / n = 900 MHz / nn where n = 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc., the frequency of the control signal 2006 is 1.
Should be substantially equal to 8 GHz, 900 MHz, 450 MHz, 300 MHz, 225 MHz, etc.

Alternatively, to downconvert an input FM signal to a non-FM signal,
Frequency must be down-converted to baseband (ie, zero IF)
. As an example, a frequency shift keying (FSK) signal (a subset of FM) can be phase shifted
To convert down to a tone (PSK) signal (a subset of PM),
Low frequency F₁And higher frequency F_Two(Ie, [(F₁+ F_Two ) ÷ 2]) is down-converted to zero IF. For example, F equal to 899 MHz ₁ And F equal to 901 MHz_TwoDown-converts the FSK signal with
To calculate, the aliasing rate of control signal 2006 is calculated as follows.

Input frequency = (F ₁ + F ₂ ) ÷ 2 = (899 MHz + 901 MHz) ÷ 2 = 900 MHz Frequency of down-converted signal = 0 (ie, baseband) (Freq _input −Freq _IF ) / n = Freq _control For (900 MHz-0 MHz) / n = 900 MHz / nn = 0.5, 1, 2, 3, etc., the frequency of the control signal 2006 is 1.8 G
Hz, 900 MHz, 450 MHz, 300 MHz, 225 MHz, etc. Frequency of the downconverted PSK signal is substantially equal to half the frequency of the difference between the lower frequency F ₁ and higher frequency F _2.

As another example, to downconvert an FSK signal to an amplitude shift keying (ASK) signal (a subset of AM), either the lower frequency F ₁ or the higher frequency F ₂ of the FSK signal is zero. Downconverted to IF. For example, to downconvert an FSK signal having F ₁ equal to 900 MHz and F ₂ equal to 901 MHz to an ASK signal, the aliasing rate of the control signal 2006 should be substantially equal to:

(900 MHz-0 MHz) / n = 900 MHz / n, or (901 MHz-0 MHz) / n = 901 MHz / n For the previous case of 900 MHz / n, and n = 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 For example, the frequency of the control signal 2006 is 1.8 GHz, 900 MHz, 45
Should be substantially equal to 0 MHz, 300 MHz, 225 MHz, etc.
In the later case of 901 MHz / n, and for n = 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, etc., the frequency of the control signal 2006 is 1.802 GHz, 901 MHz, 450.5
MHz, 300.333 MHz, 225.25 MHz, etc. The frequency of the down-converted AM signal is substantially equal to the difference between the lower frequency F ₁ and the higher frequency F ₂ (ie, 1 MHz).

In one embodiment, the pulses of the control signal 2006 have a non-negligible aperture towards zero. This makes UFT module 2002 a high input impedance device. This configuration is useful in situations where minimal disturbance of the input signal may be desired.

In another embodiment, the pulses of the control signal 2006 have a non-negligible aperture that tends to move away from zero. Thereby, the UFT module 2002
Is a low input impedance device. This allows the lower input impedance of UFT module 2002 to be substantially matched with the source impedance of input signal 2004. This also improves the energy transfer from the input signal 2004 to the down-converted output signal 2012, thus improving the efficiency and signal-to-noise (s / n) ratio of the UFT module 2002.

When the pulses of the control signal 2006 have a non-negligible aperture, the aliasing module 2000 is interchangeably referred to herein as an energy transfer module or a gated transfer module, and the control signal 200
6 is called an energy transfer signal. Generating and optimizing the control signal 2006;
Exemplary systems and methods for improving energy transfer and / or signal-to-noise ratio in otherwise energy transfer modules are described below.

2.1 Optional Energy Transfer Signal Module FIG. 47 shows an energy transfer system 4701 including an optional energy transfer signal module 4702. This can perform any of a variety of functions or combinations of functions, including the generation of the energy transfer signal 4506,
It is not so limited.

In one embodiment, optional energy transfer signal module 4702 includes an aperture generator, an example of which is shown in FIG.
Indicated as 20. The aperture generator 4620 generates a non-negligible aperture pulse 4626 from the input signal 4624. Input signal 4624 can be any type of periodic signal, such as, but not limited to, a sine wave, square wave, or sawtooth wave. A system for generating the input signal 4624 is described below.

The width or aperture of pulse 4626 is determined by the delay through branch 4622 of aperture generator 4620. In general, as the desired pulse width increases, the difficulty in meeting the requirements of aperture generator 4620 decreases. That is, to generate a non-negligible aperture pulse for a given EM input frequency, the components utilized in this example aperture generator 4620 require the high speed required by a sampled system operating at the same EM input frequency. A reaction time as fast as the reaction time is not required.

The logic and implementation examples shown in aperture generator 4620 are for illustration only, and are not limiting. The actual logic used can take many forms. Aperture generator 462 in this example
0 includes an optional inverter 4628. This is provided for polarity consistency with other examples provided herein.

An embodiment of the aperture generator 4620 is shown in FIG. 46K. Additional examples of aperture generation logic are provided in FIGS. 46H and 46I. FIG. 46H
Shows a rising edge pulse generator 4640. This generator generates a pulse 4626 on the rising edge of input signal 4624. FIG. 46I shows a falling edge pulse generator 4650. This generator uses input signal 4
A pulse 4626 is generated on the falling edge of 624.

In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 47, the input signal 4624 is generated outside the energy transfer signal module 4702. Alternatively, input signal 4724 is generated internally by energy transfer signal module 4702. Input signal 4624 can be generated by an oscillator, as shown in FIG. 46L, by oscillator 4630. The oscillator 4630 includes the energy transfer signal module 47
02, or external to the energy transfer signal module 4702. The oscillator 4630 includes an energy transfer system 47
01 can be external. The output of oscillator 4630 can have any periodic waveform.

The type of down-conversion performed by the energy transfer system 4701 depends on the aliasing rate of the energy transfer signal 4506 and the pulse 46
26 frequencies. The frequency of pulse 4626 is
4 is determined. For example, when the frequency of input signal 4624 is substantially equal to the harmonics or subharmonics of EM signal 4504, EM signal 4504 is directly down-converted to baseband (eg, the EM signal is an AM or PM signal). Or) from FM to a non-FM signal. When the frequency of the input signal 4624 is substantially equal to the difference frequency harmonic or subharmonic, the EM signal 450
4 is down-converted to an intermediate signal.

The optional energy transfer signal module 4702 can be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof.

2.2 Smoothing Downconverted Signal Referring again to FIG. 20A, the downconverted output signal 2012 can be smoothed by filtering as desired.

2.3 Impedance Matching The energy transfer module 2000 can operate at any frequency (eg, at EM input and mid / baseband frequencies), (1) the duty cycle of the switch module (ie, UFT 2002), and ( 2) have an input / output impedance, generally defined by the impedance of the storage module (ie, capacitor 2010).

Starting with an aperture width of approximately １ ／ of the period of the EM signal during the down-conversion as a preferred embodiment, this aperture width (eg, “close time”) can be reduced. As the aperture width is reduced, the characteristic impedance at the input and output of the energy transfer module increases. Alternatively, the impedance of the energy transfer module decreases as the aperture width increases from one half of the period of the EM signal during the down conversion.

Step 1 of Determining the Characteristic Input Impedance of the Energy Transfer Module
One can measure that value. In one embodiment, the characteristic input impedance of the energy transfer module is 300 ohms. Utilizing an impedance matching circuit, an input EM signal having a source impedance of, for example, 50 ohms can be efficiently coupled to the impedance of the energy transfer module, for example, of 300 ohms. Matching of these impedances can be performed in various ways, including providing the required impedance directly or using an impedance matching circuit as described below.

Referring to FIG. 48, in certain embodiments using an RF signal as an input, it is assumed that impedance 4812 is a relatively low impedance, for example, approximately 50 ohms, and input impedance 4816 is approximately 300 ohms. Then, the initial configuration for the input impedance matching module 4806 can include the inductor 5006 and the capacitor 5008 and is configured as shown in FIG. The configuration of the inductor 5006 and the capacitor 5008 is a possible configuration when moving from low impedance to high impedance. Inductor 5006 and capacitor 5008 form an L match, the calculation of which value is well known to those skilled in the art.

The output characteristic impedance can be impedance matched to take into account the desired output frequency. One of the steps in determining the characteristic output impedance of the energy transfer module may be to measure its value. Since the very low impedance of the storage module at the input EM frequency is balanced, the storage module should have an impedance at the desired output frequency, preferably above the load intended to be driven (For example, in one embodiment, the storage module impedance at the desired 1 MHz output frequency is 2K
Ohms and the desired load to be driven is 50 ohms). An additional advantage of impedance matching is that unwanted signal filtering can be performed with the same components.

[0052] In one embodiment, the characteristic output impedance of the energy transfer module is 2K ohms. Utilizing an impedance matching circuit, a downconverted signal having an output impedance of, for example, 2K ohms can be efficiently coupled to a load of, for example, 50 ohms. Matching these impedances
It can be implemented in a variety of ways, including providing the required load impedance directly, or using an impedance matching circuit as described below.

When matching from high impedance to low impedance, the capacitor 50
14 and the inductor 5016 can be configured as shown in FIG.
Capacitor 5014 and inductor 5016 constitute an L match, and the calculation of the values of its components is well known to those skilled in the art.

The configuration of the input impedance matching module 4806 and the output impedance matching module 4808 is considered according to the present invention as an initial starting point for impedance matching. In some situations, it may be suitable as is without further optimizing the initial design. In other situations, the initial design can be optimized according to various other design criteria and considerations.

Since other optional optimization structures and / or components are utilized, their effects on the characteristic impedance of the energy transfer module should be considered in matching, along with their own original criteria.

2.4 Tanks and Resonant Structures Resonant tanks and other resonant structures can be used to further optimize the energy transfer characteristics of the present invention. For example, the resonance for the resonant structure, the input frequency, can be used to store energy from the input signal when the switch opens. This is a period from which it can be deduced that otherwise the architecture is limited to its maximum possible efficiency. Resonant tanks and other resonant structures can include, but are not limited to, surface acoustic wave (SAW) filters, dielectric resonators, diplexers, capacitors, inductors, and the like.

FIG. 60A shows an example of the embodiment. FIGS. 55 and 63 show two additional embodiments.
Shown in Alternative implementations will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on the teachings contained herein. Alternative implementations are within the scope and spirit of the invention. These implementations take advantage of the characteristics of series and parallel (tank) resonant circuits.

FIG. 60A shows a parallel tank circuit in a different implementation. The first parallel resonance or tank circuit consists of a capacitor 6038 and an inductor 6020 (Tank 1). The second tank circuit comprises a capacitor 6034 and an inductor 6036 (
Tank 2).

As will be apparent to those skilled in the art, a parallel tank circuit provides:

Low impedance for frequencies below resonance, low impedance for frequencies above resonance, and high impedance for frequencies near and near resonance.

In the example shown in FIG. 60A, the first and second tank circuits are approximately 920
Resonates at MHz. At and near resonance, the impedance of these circuits is relatively high. Therefore, in the circuit configuration shown in FIG. 60A, both tank circuits appear as a relatively high impedance for an input frequency of 950 MHz, and at the same time, appear as a relatively low impedance for a frequency in a desired output range of 50 MHz. Signal 6042 controls switch 6014. When the energy transfer signal 6042 controls the opening and closing of the switch 6014, it is not possible for the high frequency signal component to pass through tank 1 or tank 2. However, the lower signal components (50 MHz in this embodiment) generated by this system are:
It is possible to pass through tank 1 and tank 2 with little attenuation. The effect of tank 1 and tank 2 is to generate a more stable input and output impedance by further dividing the input and output signals from the same node. Capacitors 6018 and 6040 provide 50M between energy transfer pulses.
It operates to store the Hz output signal energy.

As shown, placing the inductor 6010 in series with the storage capacitor 6012 provides further energy transfer optimization. In the example shown,
The series resonance frequency of this circuit arrangement is approximately 1 GHz. This circuit increases the energy transfer characteristics of the system. Preferably, the ratio of the impedance of inductor 6010 and the impedance of storage capacitor 6012 is kept relatively small so that most of the energy obtained during operation is transferred to storage capacitor 6012. An exemplary output signal A is shown in FIG. 60B and an exemplary output signal B is shown in FIG. 60C.

In FIG. 60A, circuit components 6004 and 6006 form an input impedance match. Circuit components 6032 and 6030 are 50 ohm resistors 6028
To form an output impedance match. Circuit components 6022 and 6024
Form a second output impedance match to the 50 ohm resistor 6026. Capacitors 6008 and 6012 operate as storage capacitors for this embodiment. Voltage source 6046 and resistor 6002 are 9 ohms with 50 ohm output impedance.
Generate 50 MHz signals, which are used as inputs to this circuit. Circuit element 6016 includes a 150 MHz oscillator and pulse generator, which are used to generate energy transfer signal 6042.

FIG. 55 shows a shunt tank circuit 5510 for a single-ended versus single-ended system 5512. Similarly, FIG. 63 illustrates the shunt tank circuit 631 of the system 6312.
Indicates 0. The transient response is improved because the tank circuits 5510 and 6310 lower the drive source impedance. Tank circuits 5510 and 6310 can store energy from the input signal and provide a low drive source impedance to transfer that energy into the closed switch aperture. The transient characteristics of the switch aperture may appear to have a response with a large component frequency above the input frequency in addition to including the input frequency (ie, frequencies higher than the input frequency are The aperture can also be effectively passed). A resonant circuit or structure, such as a resonant tank 5510 or 6310, can take advantage of this by being able to transfer energy during the transient frequency response of the switch (ie, the resonant tank capacitor is Appear as a low drive source impedance during transient periods).

[0065] The examples of tanks and resonant structures described above are for illustration only and are not limiting. Alternative configurations can be utilized. As will now be apparent, the various resonant tanks and structures described above can be combined or used independently.

2.5 Concept of Charge and Power Transfer Here, the concept of charge transfer will be described with reference to FIGS. 71A to 71F. FIG. 71A shows a capacitor 71 having a switch S and a capacitance C.
FIG. 7 illustrates a circuit 7102, including circuit 06. Switch S is controlled by control signal 7108 and includes a pulse 19010 having aperture T.

In FIG. 71B, Equation 10 shows that the charge q on a capacitor having a capacitance C, such as capacitor 7106, is proportional to the voltage V across the capacitor. However, it is as follows.

Q = charge in coulombs C = capacitance in Farads V = voltage in volts A = input signal amplitude Since voltage V is represented by equation 11, equation 10 can be rewritten as equation 12. The change of the electric charge Δq with time becomes Δq (t) in the equation (13).
Can be rewritten as Using the trigonometric identity of the sum versus product in Equation 15,
Equation 14 can be rewritten as Equation 16 and this can be rewritten as Equation 17.

Note that the sin term in Equation 11 is only a function of the aperture T. Thus, when T is equal to an odd multiple of π (ie, π, 3π, 5π, ...), Δq (t) is at a maximum. Therefore, if the aperture T is equal to the value of π or 180
When having a time interval representing an input sinusoid in degrees, the capacitor 7106 experiences a maximum change in charge. Conversely, if T is 2π, 4π, 6π,. . . When equal to the minimum charge is transferred.

Equations 18, 19, and 20 determine q (t) by integrating Equation 10, so as shown in the graph of FIG. 71C, the charge on the capacitor 7106 over time can be reduced by the input sinusoid sin ( It can be represented graphically on the same axis as t). As the value of aperture T decreases or goes toward the impulse, the charge on capacitor C, ie, the phase between q (t) and sin (t), goes to zero. This is shown in the graph of FIG. 71D. This figure shows that maximum impulse charge transfer occurs near the maximum amount of input voltage. As the graph shows, significantly less charge is transferred as the value of T decreases.

The power / charge relationship is shown in Equations 21 to 26 in FIG. 71E. Here, it is shown that the power is proportional to the charge and the transferred charge is inversely proportional to the insertion loss.

FIG. 71F shows the concept of insertion loss. Generally, a lossy device (lossy pa)
The noise figure of the sive device is numerically equal to the insertion loss of the device. Alternatively, the noise figure of any device cannot be less than its insertion loss. The insertion loss can be represented by Equation 27 or 28. From the above, it can be seen that as the aperture T increases, more charge is transferred from the input to the capacitor 7106, thereby increasing the power transfer from the input to the output. It has been found that the input voltage is not always regenerated exactly at the output because the relatively modulated amplitude and phase information is retained in the shifted power.

2.6 Non-negligible aperture width / duration optimization and adjustment 2.6.1 Input / output impedance variation In one embodiment of the present invention, the energy transfer signal (ie, control signal 2006 in FIG. 20A). To vary the input impedance seen by the EM signal 2004 and vary the output impedance driving the load. FIG.
An example of this embodiment is described below using the gated transfer module 5101 shown in FIG. The method described below is not limited to the transmission module with gate control 5101 alone.

In FIG. 51A, when the switch 5106 is closed, the impedance facing the circuit 5102 is substantially the impedance of the storage module, and in this figure the load 5
Storage capacitance 5108 in parallel with the impedance of 112. When switch 5106 opens, the impedance at point 5114 approaches infinity. Subsequently, by changing the ratio of the time that switch 5106 opens to the time that switch 5106 closes, the average impedance at point 5114 is obtained from the impedance of the storage module shown in parallel with load 5112 when switch 5106 opens. To the highest impedance possible. Switch 5106 is controlled by energy transfer signal 5110.
Thus, by controlling the aperture width of this energy transfer signal along with the aliasing rate, the impedance at point 5114 can be varied.

An example of a method for modifying the energy transfer signal 5106 of FIG. 51A is described below with reference to FIG. 49A. Here, the circuit 4902 receives the input oscillation signal 4906, and outputs a pulse train which is the voltage doubled output signal 4904 in this drawing. Circuit 490
2 can be used to generate the energy transfer signal 5106. An example waveform 4904 is shown in FIG. 49C.

It can be shown that by varying the delay of the signal propagated by inverter 4908, the pulse width of voltage doubled output signal 4904 can be varied. Increasing the delay of the signal propagated by inverter 4908 increases the pulse width. By introducing an R / C low band network at the output of inverter 4908, the signal propagated by inverter 4908 can be delayed. Other means for changing the delay of the signal propagated by inverter 4908 will be known to those skilled in the art.

2.6.2 Real-Time Aperture Control In one embodiment, the aperture width / duration is adjusted in real time. For example, referring to the timing diagrams of FIGS. 64B through 64F, a clock signal 6414 (FIG. 64B) is used to generate an energy transfer signal 6416 (FIG. 64F), which includes an energy transfer pulse 6418 and a variable aperture 642.
Has zero. In one embodiment, clock signal 6414 is inverted as shown by inverted clock signal 6422 (FIG. 64D). Clock signal 641
4 is also delayed as shown by the delayed clock signal 6424 (FIG. 64E). Next, the inverted clock signal 6414 and the delayed clock signal 6424 are both A
ND produces an energy transfer signal 6416 that is active (energy transfer pulse 6418) when both delayed clock signal 6424 and inverted clock signal 6422 are active. The amount of delay applied to delayed clock signal 6424 substantially determines the width or duration of aperture 6420. By varying this delay in real time, the aperture is adjusted in real time.

In an alternative implementation, inverted clock signal 6422 is delayed relative to original clock signal 6414 and then ANDed with original clock signal 6414.
Alternatively, the original clock signal 6414 is delayed and then inverted, and the result is ANDed with the original clock signal 6414.

FIG. 64A illustrates an exemplary real-time aperture control system 6402 that can be used to adjust the aperture in real-time. The real-time aperture control system 6402 in this example includes an RC circuit 6404, which includes a variable voltage capacitor 6412 and a resistor 6426. Real-time aperture control system 6402 also includes inverter 6406 and AND gate 6408. AN
D-gate 6408 optionally includes an enable input 6410 for enabling / disabling AND gate 6408. RC circuit 6404. Real-time aperture control system 6402 optionally includes an amplifier 6428.

The operation of the real-time aperture control circuit will be described with reference to the timing diagrams of FIGS. 64B to 64F. Real-time control system 6402 receives an input clock signal 6414, which is coupled to inverter 6406 and RC circuit 6464.
04. Inverter 6406 outputs an inverted clock signal 6422 and provides it to AND gate 6408. The RC circuit 6404 outputs the clock signal 64
14 is delayed and a delayed clock signal 6424 is output. This delay is mainly determined by the capacitance of the variable voltage capacitor 6412. Generally, the delay decreases as the capacitance decreases.

The delayed clock signal 6424 is optionally amplified by an optional amplifier 6428 before being provided to AND gate 6408. For example, RC circuit 6
Amplification is desirable when the RC constant of 404 attenuates signals below the threshold of AND gate 6408.

The AND gate 6408 outputs the delayed clock signal 6424 and the inverted clock signal 64
22 and an optional enable signal 6410 to generate an energy transfer signal 6416. By varying the voltage to the variable voltage capacitor 6412, the aperture 6420 is adjusted in real time.

In one embodiment, the aperture 6420 is controlled to optimize power transfer. For example, in one embodiment, the aperture 6420 is controlled to maximize power transfer. Alternatively, the variable gain control is performed by controlling the aperture 6420 (for example, automatic gain control-AGC). In this embodiment, reducing the aperture 6420 reduces power transfer.

As will be readily apparent from this disclosure, many of the given aperture circuits, and others, can be modified as in the circuits shown in FIGS. 46H-46K. The modification or selection of the aperture can be made at the design level to leave a fixed value in the circuit, or in an alternative embodiment, for example, 900 MHz
And RF signals at significantly different operating bands, such as RF signals at 1.8 GHz, can be dynamically adjusted to compensate for or address various design goals, such as receiving with increased efficiency.

2.7 Adding a Bypass Network In one embodiment of the present invention, a bypass network is added to increase the efficiency of the energy transfer module. Such a bypass network can be regarded as a comprehensive aperture enlargement means. The bypass network presents a substantially lower impedance to the switch module transients (ie, a frequency greater than the received EM signal) and a modest one to the high impedance to the input EM signal (eg, 100 at RF frequency). The components of the bypass network are selected so as to appear as (larger ohms).

The time at which the input signal is now connected to the opposite side of the switch module is lengthened by the shaping caused by this network, and, as readily understood, this could be a capacitor or a series resonant inductor-capacitor There is. A network that is a series resonance above the input frequency is a typical implementation. This shaping improves the conversion efficiency of the input signal. Otherwise, considering only the aperture of the energy transfer signal, this frequency will be relatively low for optimization.

For example, referring to FIG. 61, a bypass network 6102 (shown as a capacitor 6112 in this example) is shown to bypass the switch module 6104. In this embodiment, the bypass network increases the efficiency of the energy transfer module, for example, when an aperture width less than optimal for a given input frequency of the energy transfer signal 6106 is selected. The bypass network 6102 can have a configuration different from the configuration illustrated in FIG. Such an alternative is shown in FIG. Similarly, FIG.
7 illustrates another example bypass network 6202, including the following.

The following discussion describes the effect of the minimized aperture and the benefits provided by the bypass network. Starting from the first circuit with a 550 ps aperture in FIG. 65, its output is assumed to be 2.8 mVpp applied to a 50 ohm load in FIG. 69A. This aperture is 270, as shown in FIG.
Changing to ps results in the output decreasing to 2.5 Vpp applied to a 50 ohm load as shown in FIG. 69B. To compensate for this loss, a bypass network can be added, a specific implementation is shown in FIG. As a result of this addition, as shown in FIG. 70A, 3.2 Vpp can be applied to the 50 ohm load in this case. The circuit with the bypass network of FIG. 67 also performed three value adjustments in the peripheral circuitry to compensate for the impedance changes introduced by the bypass network and the narrowed aperture. FIG. 68 verifies that these changes made to the circuit without the use of a bypass network did not, by themselves, result in the efficiency increase described by the embodiment of FIG. 67 with a bypass network. FIG. 70B shows the results using the circuit of FIG. 68, where only 1.88 Vpp could be applied to a 50 ohm load.

2.8 Modification of Energy Transfer Signal Using Feedback FIG. 47 illustrates one embodiment of a system 4701. Here, the down-converted signal 4708B is used as feedback 4706 to control various characteristics of the energy transfer module 4704 to modify the down-converted signal 4708B.

In general, the amplitude of downconverted signal 4708B varies as a function of the frequency and phase difference between EM signal 4504 and energy transfer signal 4506. In one embodiment, the downconverted signal 4708B is fed back to feedback 4706.
To control the frequency and phase relationship between the EM signal 4504 and the energy transfer signal 4506. This can be implemented using the example logic of FIG. 52A. The example of the circuit of FIG.
Can be included. Alternative implementations will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on the teachings contained herein. Alternative implementations are within the scope and spirit of the invention. In this embodiment, a state machine is used as an example.

In the example of FIG. 52A, the state machine 5204 reads the A / D 5202 which is an analog-to-digital converter, and controls the DAC 5206 which is a digital-to-analog converter. In one embodiment, state machine 5204 includes two memory locations, previous and current, to store and recall the results of reading A / D 5202. In one embodiment, state machine 5204
Utilizes at least one memory flag.

The DAC 5206 controls an input to the voltage controlled oscillator VCO 5208. VC
O5208 controls the frequency input of pulse generator 5210, which in one embodiment is substantially similar to the pulse generator shown in FIG. 46J. Pulse generator 5210 generates energy transfer signal 4506.

In one embodiment, state machine 5204 operates according to state machine flowchart 5219 of FIG. 52B. The result of this operation is to modify the frequency and phase relationship between the energy transfer signal 4506 and the EM signal 4504, substantially maintaining the amplitude of the downconverted signal 4708B at some optimal level.

The amplitude of the down-converted signal 4708B can be varied with the amplitude of the energy transfer signal 4506. As shown in FIG. 45A, the switch module 6502
In one embodiment where is a FET, gate 4518 is connected to energy transfer signal 4
This affects the amplitude of the down-converted signal 4708B as it receives 506 and the amplitude of the energy transfer signal 4506 can determine the “on” resistance of the FET. As shown in FIG. 52C, the energy transfer signal module 4702 is
It can be an analog circuit that enables an automatic gain control function. An alternative implementation is
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on the teachings contained herein. Alternative implementations are within the scope and spirit of the invention.

2.9 Other Implementations The implementations described above are provided for purposes of illustration. These implementations are not intended to limit the invention. Alternative implementations that differ slightly or substantially from the implementations described herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on the teachings contained herein. Such alternative implementations are within the scope and spirit of the present invention.

2.10 Example of Energy Transfer Down Converter An example is described below for illustration. The present invention is not limited to these examples.

FIG. 53 shows a 915 MHz signal at 5 MHz using a 101.1 MHz clock.
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of an exemplary circuit that down converts to a signal.

FIG. 54 shows an example of a simulation waveform of the circuit of FIG. Waveform 5302 is the input to this circuit and shows the distortion caused by closing the switch. Waveform 5304 is the unfiltered output at the storage unit. Waveform 5306 is the impedance matched output of the down converter at different time scales.

FIG. 55 shows that a 915 MHz signal is converted to a 5 MHz signal using a 101.1 MHz clock.
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of an exemplary circuit that down converts to a signal. This circuit has an additional tank circuit to improve conversion efficiency.

FIG. 56 shows an example of a simulation waveform of the circuit of FIG. Waveform 5502 is the input to this circuit and shows the distortion caused by closing the switch. Waveform 5504 is the unfiltered output at the storage unit. Waveform 5506 is the output of the down converter after the impedance matching circuit.

FIG. 57 shows a 915 MHz signal converted to a 5 MHz signal using a 101.1 MHz clock.
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of an exemplary circuit that down converts to a signal. This circuit has a switch bypass circuit to improve conversion efficiency.

FIG. 58 shows an example of a simulation waveform of the circuit of FIG. Waveform 5702 is the input to this circuit and shows the distortion caused by closing the switch. Waveform 5704 is the unfiltered output at the storage unit. Waveform 5706 is the output of the down converter after the impedance matching circuit.

FIG. 59 is a schematic diagram of the example circuit of FIG. 53 connected to an FSK source that alternates between 913 MHz and 917 MHz at a baud rate of 500 K baud. Figure 72
Shows the original FSK waveform 5902 and the down-converted waveform 5904 at the output of the load impedance matching circuit.

[0104] 3. The present invention is directed to systems and methods for frequency up-conversion, and applications thereof.

An example 300 of a frequency up-conversion system is shown in FIG. Frequency up-conversion system 3
00 is described below.

The input signal 302 (shown as “control signal” in FIG. 3) is
Accepted by 4. For purposes of example only, assume that input signal 302 is FM input signal 606, and this example is shown in FIG. 6C. The FM input signal 606 is the oscillation signal 6
4 may have been generated by modulating the information signal 602 on
A and FIG. 6B). It should be understood that the invention is not limited to this embodiment. Information signal 602 can be analog, digital, or any combination thereof, and can use any modulation scheme.

The output of the switch module 304 is a harmonic rich signal (harmonic signal).
y rich signal) 306, such as the harmonic rich signal 608 in FIG. 6D. Harmonic rich signal 608 has a continuous and periodic waveform.

FIG. 6E shows two sections of harmonic rich signal 608, section 610.
And FIG. Harmonic rich signal 608 may be a square wave, such as a square wave or a pulse (but the invention is not limited to this embodiment). For ease of discussion, the term "square waveform" is used to refer to a substantially rectangular waveform. In a similar manner, the term "square wave" refers to a waveform that is substantially square, but it is not the intent of the present invention that a complete square wave be generated or required.

The harmonic rich signal 608 is composed of a plurality of sine waves having a frequency that is a positive multiple of the fundamental frequency of the waveform of the harmonic rich signal 608. These sine waves are called harmonics of the underlying waveform, and the fundamental frequency is called the first harmonic. 6F and 6
G separately illustrates the sinusoidal components that create the first, third, and fifth harmonics of section 610 and section 612. (Note that there can be an infinite number of harmonics in theory; in this example, there is only a radix harmonic, as the harmonic rich signal 608 is shown as a square wave). The three harmonics are shown simultaneously (but not summed) in FIG. 6H.

The relative amplitude of the harmonic is generally a function of the relative width of the pulses of the harmonic rich signal 306 and the period of the fundamental frequency, and can be determined by performing a Fourier analysis of the harmonic rich signal 306. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the input signal 606 may be shaped to ensure that the desired harmonic amplitude is sufficient for the intended use (eg, transmission).

The filter 308 filters out an undesired frequency (harmonic), and outputs an electromagnetic (EM) signal having a desired harmonic frequency as an output signal 310. This is, for example, the filtered output signal 614 of FIG. 6I.

FIG. 4 shows an example 401 of a universal frequency up-conversion (UFU) module. UFU
Module 401 includes an example switch module 304, which includes a bias signal 402, a resistor or impedance 404, a universal frequency translator (UFT) 450, and a ground 408. UFT 450 includes a switch 406. The input signal 302 (shown as “control signal” in FIG. 4)
The switch 406 in T450 is controlled to open and close this switch. Harmonic rich signal 306 is generated at node 405 located between resistor or impedance 404 and switch 406.

Also in FIG. 4, an example filter 308 comprises a capacitor 410 and an inductor 412 shunted to ground 414. This filter is designed to filter out unwanted harmonics of the harmonic rich signal 306.

The present invention is not limited to the UFU embodiment shown in FIG.

For example, in the alternative embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the unshaped input signal 501 is routed to the pulse shaping module 502. The pulse shaping module 502 modifies the unshaped input signal 501 so that the (modified) input signal 30
2 (referred to as a “control signal” in FIG. 5). Input signal 302 is routed to switch module 304 and operates in the manner described above. The filter 308 of FIG. 5 also operates in the manner described above.

[0116] The purpose of the pulse shaping module 502 is to define the pulse width of the input signal 302. Recall that input signal 302 controls the opening and closing of switch 406 in switch module 304. During such operation, the pulse width of the input signal 302 determines the pulse width of the harmonic rich signal 306. As described above, the relative amplitude of the harmonics of the harmonic rich signal 306 is at least a function of the pulse width of the harmonic rich signal 306. As such, the pulse width of the input signal 302 is
6 contributes to the setting of the relative amplitude of the harmonic.

[0117] 4. Extended Signal Reception The present invention is directed to extended signal reception (ESR) systems and methods, and applications thereof.

Referring to FIG. 21, a transmitter 2104 accepts a modulated baseband signal 2102 and generates redundant spectra 2106a-n, which are transmitted over a communication medium 2108. Receiver 2112 recovers demodulated baseband signal 2114 from (received) redundant spectrum 2110a-n. Demodulated baseband signal 2114 represents modulated baseband signal 2102, and the similarity level between modulated baseband signal 2114 and modulated baseband signal 2102 varies depending on the embodiment.

The modulated baseband signal 2102 is preferably any information signal desired for transmission and / or reception. FIG. 22 shows an example 2202 of the modulated baseband signal.
A. This corresponds to the associated modulated baseband spectrum 22 shown in FIG.
04 and an image spectrum 2203. Modulated baseband signal 2202 is an analog signal in FIG. 22a, but can be a digital signal or a combination thereof. Modulated baseband signal 2202 may comprise any number of voltages (or currents) generated in the real world, including, for example, voltage (or current) representations of audio signals.
It can be a characteristic, but is not so limited.

Each transmitted redundant spectrum 2106a-n is a modulated baseband signal 210
2 contains the information necessary to substantially reconstruct. That is, each redundant spectrum 2106a-n includes amplitude, phase, and frequency information needed to reconstruct modulated baseband signal 2102.

FIG. 22C shows example redundant spectrums 2206b-d to be transmitted. The transmitted redundant spectra 2206b-d are shown to include three redundant spectra, but this is for illustration only. As described in the discussion below, any number of redundant spectra can be generated and transmitted.

[0122] Redundant spectrum 2206b~d to be transmitted around the f _1, between adjacent spectral there is a frequency interval f _2. As shown below, the frequencies f ₁ and f ₂ are dynamically adjustable in real time. FIG. 22D shows an alternative embodiment where the redundant spectra 2208c and 2208c are unmodulated oscillating signals 2209
The above is centered on f ₁ (Hz). If desired, the oscillating signal 2209 can be suppressed, for example, using a fading or filtering technique. The transmitted redundant spectrum corresponds to the frequency axis cutoff 2205 in FIGS. 22C and 22D.
Preferably above the baseband frequency as represented by

The received redundant spectrums 2110a-n correspond to the transmitted redundant spectrums 2110a-n.
06a-n, but the changes introduced by the communication medium 2108 are not. Such changes can include, but are not limited to, signal attenuation and signal interference. FIG. 22E shows example received redundant spectra 2210b-d. The received redundant spectrum 2210b-d is substantially similar to the transmitted redundant spectrum 2206b-d, but to illustrate some advantages of the present invention, the redundant spectrum 2210c replaces the undesired interference signal spectrum 2211. Including is not similar. Interference signal spectrum 2211 is a frequency spectrum related to the interference signal. For the purposes of the present invention, "interfering signals"
Refers to any unwanted signal that, regardless of origin, may interfere with proper reception and reconstruction of the intended signal. In addition, the interfering signal is spectrum 22
It is not limited to the tones as shown at 11 and can have any spectral shape, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art.

As described above, the demodulated baseband signal 2114 is extracted from one or more received redundant spectra 2210b-d. FIG. 22F shows an example of a demodulated baseband signal 2212. In this example, the example demodulated baseband signal 2212 is substantially similar to the modulated baseband signal 2202 (FIG. 22A), but in practice the degree of similarity will vary depending on the application.

One advantage of the present invention will now become apparent. Modulated baseband signal 22
02 can be implemented by the receiver 2112 despite the presence of a strong jamming signal (eg, jamming signal spectrum 2211) on the communication medium. Because a large number of redundant spectra are transmitted and each redundant spectrum carries information necessary to reconstruct the baseband signal, the intended baseband signal can be recovered. At the destination, the redundant spectra are separated from one another so that the baseband signal can be recovered even if one or more of the redundant spectra is contaminated by interfering signals.

Here, the transmitter 2104 will be considered in more detail. FIG. 23A shows a transmitter 2301.
Is shown. This is one embodiment of a transmitter 2104 that generates a redundant spectrum configured similar to the redundant spectra 2206b-d. Transmitter 2301 includes a generator 2303, an optional spectrum processing module 2304, and an optional media interface module 2320. Generator 2303 includes a first oscillator 2302, a second oscillator 2309, a first-stage modulator 2306, and a second-stage modulator 2310.

[0127] The transmitter 2301 operates as follows. The first oscillator 2302 generates a first oscillation signal 2305 and the second oscillator 2309 generates a second oscillation signal 2312. First-stage modulator 2306 modulates first oscillating signal 2305 with modulated baseband signal 2202, and as a result, generates modulated signal 2308. The first stage modulator 2306 may perform any type of modulation, including, but not limited to, amplitude modulation, frequency modulation, phase modulation, combinations thereof, or any other type of modulation. Absent. The second-stage modulator 2310 modulates the modulated signal 2308 with the second oscillation signal 2312. As a result, FIG.
A large number of redundant spectra 2206a-n shown in FIG. Second stage modulator 231
0 is preferably a phase modulator or a frequency modulator, but may perform other types of modulation, including, but not limited to, amplitude modulation.
Each redundant spectrum 2206a-n includes amplitude, phase, and frequency information needed to substantially reconstruct the modulated baseband signal 2202.

The redundant spectrums 2206a to 2206n are substantially centered around f ₁ which is the characteristic frequency of the first oscillation signal 2305. Also, each redundant spectrum 2206a-n (
Excluding 2206C) is offset from f ₁ by substantially a multiple of f ₂ (Hz). Here, f ₂ is the frequency of the second oscillation signal 2312. Thus, each redundant spectrum 2206a~n is offset from the adjacent redundant spectrum by f ₂ (Hz). Thus, by changing the f ₂ associated with a second oscillator 2309, it is possible to adjust the spacing between adjacent redundant spectrum (tuning). Adjusting the spacing between adjacent redundant spectra allows for dynamic real-time tuning of the bandwidth occupied by redundant spectra 2206a-n.

In one embodiment, redundant spectrum 2 generated by transmitter 2301
The number of 206a-n is arbitrary and may not be limited as indicated by "a-n" of redundant spectrum 2206a-n. However, a typical communication medium has physical and / or physical limitations that limit the number of redundant spectrums that can actually be transmitted over that communication medium.
Or has administrative restrictions (ie, FCC rules). There may also be other reasons to limit the number of redundant spectra transmitted. Accordingly, the transmitter 2301 preferably includes an optional spectrum processing module 2304 to process the redundant spectrum 2206a-n before transmitting over the communication medium 2108.

In one embodiment, spectrum processing module 2304 includes passband 22
And the redundant spectrum 2206b to be transmitted, including the filter having the L.07 (FIG. 23C).
Select ~ d. This substantially limits the frequency bandwidth occupied by the redundant spectrum to the passband 2207. In one embodiment, spectrum processing module 2304 performs up-conversion of redundant spectrum and / or amplification of redundant spectrum before transmitting over communication medium 2108. Finally, the media interface module 2320 transmits the redundant spectrum over the communication medium 2108. In one embodiment, communication medium 2108 is a wireless link and medium interface module 2320 is an antenna. Other embodiments of the communication medium 2108 and the media interface module 2320 will be understood based on the teachings contained herein.

FIG. 23D shows a transmitter 2321. This is one embodiment of a transmitter 2104 that generates a redundant spectrum configured similar to the redundant spectrum 2208c-d and the unmodulated spectrum 2209. Transmitter 2321 includes generator 2311, spectrum processing module 2304, and (optional) media interface module 2320. Generator 2311 includes a first oscillator 2302, a second oscillator 2309, a first stage modulator 2306, and a second stage modulator 2310.

As shown in FIG. 23D, many of the components of the transmitter 2321
Is similar to the component. However, in this embodiment, the modulated baseband signal 2202 modulates the second oscillating signal 2312. Transmitter 2321 operates as follows. First stage modulator 2306 modulates second oscillating signal 2312 with modulated baseband signal 2202, thereby generating modulated signal 2322. As described above, the first stage modulator 2306 can perform any type of modulation, including, but not limited to, amplitude modulation, frequency modulation, combinations thereof, or any other type of modulation. Not something. Second stage modulator 231
0 modulates the first oscillating signal 2304 with the modulated signal 2322, so that
The redundant spectrums 2208a to 2208n shown in FIG. 23E are generated. The second stage modulator 2310 is preferably a phase or frequency modulator, although other modulators, including, but not limited to, amplitude modulators, can be used.

The redundant spectra 2208a-n are shown above the unmodulated spectrum 2209 (
f ₁ Hz) and adjacent spectra are separated by f ₂ Hz. Similar to spectra 2206a-n described above, the number of redundant spectra 2208a-n generated by generator 2311 is arbitrary and not limited. Thus, for example, to select spectra 2208c and d for transmission over communication medium 2108, optional spectral processing module 2304 may also include a filter having passband 2325. In addition, an optional spectral processing module 2 to attenuate the unmodulated spectrum 2209
304 can also include a filter (such as a bandstop filter). Alternatively, the unmodulated spectrum 2209 can be attenuated by using a fading technique during redundant spectrum generation. Finally, the (optional) media interface module 2320 transmits the redundant spectrum 2208c, d via the communication medium 2108.

Here, the receiver 2112 is considered in more detail and illustrates the recovery of the demodulated baseband signal from the received redundant spectrum. FIG. 24A shows a receiver 211.
2 illustrates a receiver 2430 that is one embodiment. Receiver 2430 includes optional media interface module 2402, downconverter 2404, spectrum separation module 2408, and data extraction module 2414. Spectral separation module 2408 includes filters 2410a-c. The data extraction module 2414 includes demodulators 2416a-c, error check modules 2420a-
c, and an arbitration module 2424. Receiver 2430 is discussed below with respect to the signal diagrams of FIGS. 24B-24J.

In one embodiment, optional media interface module 2402 receives redundant spectrums 2210b-d (FIGS. 22E and 24B). Each redundant spectrum 2210b-d includes the amplitude, phase, and frequency information needed to substantially reconstruct the modulated baseband signal used to generate the redundant spectrum. However, in this example, spectrum 2210c also includes interfering signal 2211. This signal can interfere with the recovery of the baseband signal from spectrum 2210c. Downconverter 2404 receives received redundant spectrum 2210
b-d is down-converted to a lower intermediate frequency so that the redundant spectrum 2406
a to c are generated (FIG. 24C). The jamming signal 2211 also has a redundant spectrum 2406.
b is down-converted into a jamming signal 2407 so as to be included in b. Spectrum separation module 2408 includes filters 2410a-c that separate redundant spectra 2406a-c from each other (FIGS. 24D-F, respectively). Demodulator 2416a
-C independently demodulate the spectra 2406a-c, thereby generating demodulated baseband signals 2418a-c, respectively (FIGS. 24G through 24I).
Error check modules 2420a-c analyze demodulated baseband signals 2418a-c to detect any errors. In one embodiment, each error check module 2420a-c sets an error flag 2422a-c when an error is detected in the demodulated baseband signal. The arbitration module 2424 accepts the demodulated baseband signal and the associated error flag and selects a substantially error-free demodulated baseband signal (FIG. 24J). In one embodiment, the substantially error-free demodulated baseband signal is substantially similar to the modulated baseband signal used to generate the received redundant spectrum. The degree of this similarity depends on the application.

Referring to FIGS. 24G to 24I, the arbitration module 2424 sets the error flag 2422b related to the demodulated baseband signal 2418b, so that the arbitration module 2424 sets the demodulated baseband signal 241.
Select either 8a or 2418c.

Error detection schemes implemented by the error detection module include, but are not limited to, cyclic redundancy check (CRC) and parity checking for digital signals, and various error detection schemes for analog signals. .

[0138] 5. The present invention is directed to a unified down-conversion and filtering (UDF) system and method, and applications thereof.

In particular, the present invention provides a unified down-conversion and filtering (performing frequency selection and frequency translation in a unified (ie, unified) manner).
UDF) module. By operating in this manner, the present invention achieves high frequency selection before frequency translation (the present invention is not limited to this embodiment). The present invention achieves high frequency selection at virtually any frequency, including, but not limited to, RF (radio frequency) and higher. It should be understood that the invention is not limited to this example of RF and higher frequencies. The present invention contemplates, adapts to, and is capable of processing below the radio frequency.

FIG. 17 is a conceptual block diagram of a UDF module 1702 according to one embodiment of the present invention. UDF module 1702 performs at least frequency translation and frequency selection.

The effect achieved by UDF module 1702 is to perform a frequency selection operation before performing a frequency translation operation. Therefore, U
The DF module 1702 effectively performs input filtering.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, such input filtering includes a relatively narrow bandwidth. For example, such input filtering may correspond to channel selection filtering, whose filter bandwidth may be, for example, from 50 KHz to 150 KHz. However, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to these frequencies. The present invention contemplates, adapts to, and is able to achieve filter bandwidths lower than these values and higher filter bandwidths.

In an embodiment of the present invention, input signal 1704 received by UDF module 1702 is at a radio frequency. UDF module 170
2 effectively operates to provide input filtering of these RF input signals 1704. In particular, in these embodiments, the UDF module 1702 effectively performs the input of the RF input signal 1704, channel selective filtering. Thus, the present invention achieves high selectivity at high frequencies.

The UDF module 1702 effectively performs various types of filtering, including band filtering, low band filtering, high band filtering, notch filtering, full band filtering, band stop filtering, and the like, and combinations thereof. It is not so limited.

Conceptually, UDF module 1702 includes a frequency translator 1708. The frequency translator 1708 conceptually corresponds to a part of the UDF module 1702 that performs frequency translation (down conversion).

The UDF module 1702 conceptually includes an apparent input filter 1706 (sometimes called an input filtering emulator). Conceptually, the apparent input filter 1706 corresponds to a portion of the UDF module 1702 that performs input filtering.

In practice, the input filtering operation performed by UDF module 1702 is integrated with the frequency translation operation. This input filtering operation can be viewed as being performed concurrently with the frequency translation operation. For this reason, the input filter 1706 is referred to herein as an "apparent" input filter 1706.

The UDF module 1702 of the present invention includes several advantages. For example, U
High selectivity at high frequencies can be achieved using DF module 1702
. This feature of the invention is evident by the achievable high Q factor. For example
, But is not limited to this, a filter center frequency f of about 900 MHz _c UDF module 1702 with a filter bandwidth of around 50KHz
can do. In this case, Q is 18,000 (Q is the center frequency
Bandwidth).

It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to filters having a Q factor. Depending on the application, design, and / or implementation, the filters contemplated by the present invention may:
It may have a smaller Q or a larger Q. The scope of the present invention also includes filters for which the Q factor is not applicable as discussed herein.

The present invention offers additional advantages. For example, the filtering center frequency f _c of the UDF module 1702, can be electrically adjusted in either static or dynamic.

The UDF module 1702 can be designed to amplify an input signal.

Furthermore, UDF module 1702 can be implemented without large resistors, capacitors, or inductors. Further, the UDF module 1702 does not need to maintain strict tolerances for its individual components, that is, values of resistors, capacitors, inductors, and the like. As a result, the architecture of UDF module 1702 lends itself to integrated circuit design techniques and processes.

The features and advantages exhibited by UDF module 1702 are achieved, at least in part, by employing a new technical paradigm for frequency selectivity and transformation. In particular, according to the present invention, UDF module 1702
Frequency selection operation and frequency translation operation can be performed by a single, unified (
Run as an (integrated) operation. According to the present invention, the operation relating to the frequency translation also contributes to the frequency selection operation, and the frequency selection operation also contributes to the operation relating to the frequency translation.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the UDF module uses the samples / instances of the input signal and the samples / instances of the output signal to generate an output signal from the input signal.

More specifically, first, the input signal is sampled (under-samp
led). This input sample includes information (amplitude, phase, etc.) representing the input signal present when the sample was taken.

As described further below, the effect of repeatedly performing this step is that the frequency of the input signal is translated (ie, down-converted) to a lower desired frequency, such as an intermediate frequency (IF) or baseband. It is to be.

Next, the input samples are retained (ie, delayed).

The one or more delayed input samples, some of which may be scaled, are then replaced by one or more delay instances of the output signal, some of which may be scaled. ) To produce the current instance of the output signal.

Thus, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the output signal is generated from a previous sample / instance of the input signal and / or the output signal. (Note that in some embodiments of the invention, the current sample / instance of the input signal and / or the output signal can be used to generate a current instance of the output signal). Operating in this manner, the UDF module preferably performs input filtering and frequency down-conversion in a unified manner.

FIG. 19 shows a unified down-conversion and filtering (UDF) module 1922
The following shows an example. UDF module 1922 performs frequency translation and frequency selection operations in an integrated and unified manner as described above and as further described below.

In the example of FIG. 19, the frequency selection operation performed by the UDF module 1922 includes a band filtering operation according to the following Equation 1. This is a representation example of a band filtering transfer function.

VO = α ₁ z ^-1 VI-β ₁ z ^-1 VO-β ₀ z ^-2 VO Formula 1

However, it should be noted that the present invention is not limited to band filtering. Rather, the present invention provides for bandpass filtering, lowpass filtering,
Effectively perform various types of filtering, including, but not limited to, high-pass filtering, notch filtering, full-pass filtering, band-stop filtering, and the like, and combinations thereof. As will be appreciated, there are many representations of any given type. The present invention is applicable to these filter expressions. Accordingly, reference is made herein to Equation 1 for purposes of illustration only, and not limitation.

The UDF module 1922 includes a down-conversion and delay module 1924, a first
And second delay modules 1928 and 1930, first and second scaling modules 1932 and 1934, output sample and hold module 1936, and (optional) output smoothing module 1938. UDF
Other embodiments of the module have these components in different configurations, and / or
Or a subset of these components and / or additional components. For example, without limitation, in the configuration shown in FIG. 19, the output smoothing module 1938 is optional.

As described further below, in the example of FIG. 19, the down-conversion and delay module 1924 and the first and second delay modules 1928 and 1930
It includes a switch controlled by a clock having _two phases Φ ₁ and Φ ₂ .
Preferably, Φ ₁ and Φ ₂ have the same frequency and are non-overlapping (or more than one can be used, such as two clock signals having these characteristics). As used herein, the term "non-overlapping" is defined as two or more signals where only one signal is active at any given time. In some embodiments, it is "active" when the signal is high. In other embodiments, the signal is active when low.

[0166] Each of these signals is closed at the rising edge of [Phi ₁ or [Phi _2, it is preferable to open in the next corresponding falling edge of [Phi ₁ or [Phi _2. However, the present invention is not limited to this example. As will be apparent to those skilled in the art, other clock conversions can be used to control these switches.

In the example of FIG. 19, it is assumed that α ₁ is equal to 1. Therefore, the output of the down-conversion and delay module 1924 is not scaled. However, as is clear from the above-described embodiment, the present invention is not limited to this example.

The UDF module 1922 of this example has a filter center frequency of 900.2 MHz.
And a filter bandwidth of 570 KHz. The pass band of the UDF module 1922 is about 899.915 MHz to 900.485 MHz. The Q factor of the UDF module 1922 is approximately 1879 (ie, 900.2 MH
z divided by 570 KHz).

The operation of UDF module 1922 is described below with reference to Table 1802 (FIG. 18). This table shows UDF module 1 in several successive time increments.
An example of the value at the node 922 is shown. In Table 1802, the UDF module 1922
Starts operating at time t-1. As described below, the UDF module 1922 reaches a stable state in several hours after the operation starts. The number of time units required for a given UDF module to reach steady state will depend on the configuration of the UDF module, and will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on the teachings contained herein.

At the rising edge Φ ₁ at time t− ₁ , the down-conversion and delay module 1924
Switch 1950 is closed. As a result, the capacitor 1952 is connected to the node 19
It is possible to charge to the current value of the input signal VIt _-1 such that 02 is VIt _-1 . This is shown in cell 1804 of FIG. In practice, the combination of switch 1950 and capacitor 1952 of down conversion and delay module 1924 is
It operates to convert the frequency of the input signal VI to a desired lower frequency, such as IF or baseband. Therefore, the value stored in capacitor 1952 is
Represents an instance of the down-converted image of the input signal VI.

The manner in which the down-conversion and delay module 1924 performs frequency down-conversion is further described elsewhere in this application, including section 2 above.

Also, at rising edge φ ₁ at time t−1, switch 1958 of first delay module 1928 closes and capacitor 1960 charges VO _t−1 such that node 1906 is at VO _t−1. It becomes possible. This is referred to as cell 18 in Table 1802.
06. (In practice, VO _t-1 is uncertain at this point.
For ease of understanding, we will continue to use VO _{t -1} for explanation. Also, at the rising edge Φ ₁ at time t−1, the switch 1966 of the second delay module 1930 closes, allowing the capacitor 1968 to charge to the value stored in the capacitor 1964. However, at this time, since the value of the capacitor 1964 is indeterminate, the value of the capacitor 1968 is indeterminate. This is shown in Table 18
02 cell 1807.

At the rising edge Φ ₂ at time t−1, the down-conversion and delay module 1924
Switch 1954 is closed, allowing capacitor 1956 to charge to the level of capacitor 1952. Thus, capacitor 1956 charges to VI _t−1 such that node 1904 is at VI _t−1 . This is called cell 1 in Table 1802.
810.

The UDF module 1922 includes the single gain module 1990A and the capacitor 1
952 and 1956 may optionally be included. The single gain module 1990A operates to charge capacitor 1956 as a current source without draining charge from capacitor 1952. For a similar reason, the UDF module 1922 is different from the other single gain modules 1990B to 199B.
0G can be included. It should be understood that for multiple embodiments and applications of the present invention, these single gain modules 1990A-1990G are optional. The structure and operation of the single gain module 1990 will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

Also, at the rising edge φ ₂ at time t−1, the switch 1962 of the first delay module 1928 is closed, allowing the capacitor 1964 to charge to the level of the capacitor 1960. Thus, capacitor 1964 charges VOt _-1 such that node 1908 is VOt _-1 . This is referred to as cell 18 in Table 1802.
It is shown in FIG.

Also, at rising edge Φ ₂ at time t−1, switch 1970 of second delay module 1930 is closed, allowing capacitor 1972 to charge to the value stored in capacitor 1968. However, at this time, since the value of the capacitor 1968 is indeterminate, the value of the capacitor 1972 is indeterminate. This is shown in Table 18
02 in cell 1815.

At time t, rising edge Φ ₁ , switch 1950 of down conversion and delay module 1924 closes. This allows node 1902 to be at VI _t
Capacitor 1952 can be charged to VI _t. This is shown in cell 1816 of Table 1802.

At the rising edge Φ ₁ at time t, the switch 1958 of the first delay module 1928 is closed, allowing the capacitor 1960 to charge to VO _t . Therefore, node 1906 is VO _t . This is shown in Table 1802
Cell 1820.

In addition, at the rising edge Φ ₁ at time t, the switch 1966 of the second delay module 1930 closes, allowing the capacitor 1968 to charge to the level of the capacitor 1964. Thus, capacitor 1968 charges VOt _-1 such that node 1910 is VOt _-1 . This is called cell 182 in Table 1802.
It is shown in FIG.

At the rising edge Φ _{2 of} time t, switch 1954 of down conversion and delay module 1924 closes, allowing capacitor 1956 to charge to the level of capacitor 1952. Thus, node 1904 is such that VI _t, capacitor 1956 charges to VI _t. This is shown in cell 1828 of Table 1802.

Also, at the rising edge Φ ₂ at time t, switch 1962 of first delay module 1928 closes, allowing capacitor 1964 to charge to the level of capacitor 1960. Thus, as node 1908 is VO _t ,
Capacitor 1964 to charge to VO _t. This is shown in cell 1802 of Table 1802.

Further, at the rising edge Φ ₂ at time t, the switch 1970 of the second delay module 1930 is closed, and the capacitor 1972 of the second delay module 1930 is charged to the level of the capacitor 1968 of the second delay module 1930. It is possible to do. Thus, capacitor 1972 charges VOt _-1 such that node 1912 is VOt _-1 . This is shown in cell 1836 in FIG.

At the rising edge Φ ₁ at time t + ₁ , the down-conversion and delay module 1924
Switch 1950 is closed, allowing capacitor 1952 to charge to VI _t-1 . Therefore, as shown in cell 1838 of table 1802, node 190
2 is VI _{t + 1} .

Also, at the rising edge φ ₁ at time t + 1, the switch 1958 of the first delay module 1928 is closed, allowing the capacitor 1960 to charge to VO _{t + 1} . Therefore, as shown in cell 1842 of table 1802, node 1906
Is VO _{t + 1} .

In addition, at the rising edge Φ ₁ at time t + 1, the second delay module 1930
Switch 1966 is closed, allowing capacitor 1968 to charge to the level of capacitor 1964. Accordingly, as shown in cell 1846 of Table 1802, the capacitor 1968 is charged to VO _t.

In the example of FIG. 19, first scaling module 1932 scales the value of node 1908 (ie, the output of first delay module 1928) by a factor of −0.1. Therefore, at time t + 1, the value at node 1914 is-
A 0.1 * VO _t. In a similar manner, the second scaling module 1934
Scales the value at node 1912 (ie, the output of second delay module 1930) by a factor of -0.8. Thus, at time t + 1, the value at node 1916 is -0.8 * VOt _-1 .

At time t + 1, the value at the input of summer 1926 is VI _t ,
Node 1914 by -0.1 * VO _t, and the node 1916 is -0.8 * VO _t-1 (in the example of FIG. 19, the node 1914 and the value of 1916 is the second summer 1
925, and this sum is provided to summer 1926). Thus, at time t + 1, summer generates a signal equal to _{VI t -0.1 * VO t -0.8 *} VO t-1.

On the rising edge Φ ₁ at time t + ₁ , the output sample and hold module 19
Closing switch 36 1991 allows capacitor 1992 to charge to VO _{t + 1} . Thus, capacitor 1992 charges VO _{t + 1} , which is equal to the sum generated by summer 1926. As mentioned above, this value is equal to _{VI t -0.1 * VO t -0.8 *} VO t-1. This is shown in cell 1850 of Table 1802. This value is provided to an optional output smoothing module 1938, which generates an instance of the output signal VO _{t + 1} by smoothing the signal. It is clear from inspection that this value VO _{t + 1} fits the bandpass transfer function of equation 1.

[0189] 6. Applications of Embodiments of the Present Invention As described above, the UFT module of the present invention is a very powerful and flexible device. This flexibility is demonstrated in part by the wide range of applications in which the module can be used. The power of this module is shown in part by the usefulness and performance of such applications.

The application examples of the UFT module are as described above. In particular, UFT module frequency down-conversion, frequency up-conversion, extended signal reception, and unified down-conversion and filtering applications are summarized above and described further below. These applications of the UFT module are discussed herein for illustrative purposes. The invention is not limited to these applications. Additional applications of the UFT module will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on the teachings contained herein.

For example, the invention can be used in applications involving frequency down-conversion.
For example, this is shown in FIG. 1C, where UFT module example 1
15 is used in the down conversion module 114. In this capability, UFT module 115 downconverts the input signal to an output signal. For example, this is also illustrated in FIG. 7, where the example UFT module 706 is part of a down-conversion module 704 that is part of the receiver 702.

The invention can be used in applications involving frequency up-conversion. For example,
This is shown in FIG. 1D, where the example UFT module 117 is used in the frequency up-conversion module 116. In this capability, the UFT module 117 up-converts an input signal to an output signal. For example, this is FIG.
In this case, the example 806 of the UFT module is the transmitter 80
2 is part of the up-conversion module 804 that is part of

The present invention can be used in an environment having one or more transmitters 902 and one or more receivers 906, as shown in FIG. In such an environment, as shown by way of example in FIG.
One or more can be implemented. Also, as shown as an example in FIG.
One or more of the receivers 906 may be implemented using a T module.

A transceiver can be implemented using the present invention. An example transceiver 1002 is shown in FIG. Transceiver 1002 includes a transmitter 1004 and a receiver 1008. A UFT module can be used to implement either the transmitter 1004 or the receiver 1008. Alternatively, the UFT module 10
, The transmitter 1004 can be implemented using the UFT module 101.
0 may be used to implement receiver 1008. This embodiment is shown in FIG.

Another transceiver embodiment according to the present invention is shown in FIG. The transceiver 1102 implements a transmitter 1104 and a receiver 1108 using a single UFT module 1106. That is, the transmitter 1104 and the receiver 110
8 share the UFT module 1106.

As noted elsewhere in this application, the present invention is directed to methods and systems for enhanced signal reception (ESR). Various ESR embodiments include a transmitter 12
02, and an ESR module (receiver) in the receiver 1210. FIG. 12 shows an example of the ESR embodiment configured as described above.

The ESR module (transmission) 1204 includes a frequency up-conversion module 1206. As shown in FIG. 1D, some embodiments of this frequency up-conversion module 1206 can be implemented using a UFT module.

The ESR module (reception) 1212 includes a frequency down-conversion module 1214. As shown in FIG. 1C, some embodiments of this frequency down-conversion module 1214 can be implemented using a UFT module.

As noted elsewhere in this application, the present invention is directed to methods and systems for unified down-conversion and filtering (UDF). An example 1302 of the unified down-conversion and filtering module is shown in FIG. The unified down-conversion and filtering module 1302 includes a frequency down-conversion module 1304 and a filtering module 1306. According to the present invention, as shown in FIG.
04 and a filtering module 1306 are implemented.

The unified down-conversion and filtering according to the present invention provides filtering and / or
Or, it is effective for applications including frequency down-conversion. For example, this is shown in FIGS. 15A to 15F. 15A to 15C show that unified down-conversion and filtering according to the present invention is useful in applications where filtering precedes, follows frequency down-conversion, or precedes and follows frequency down-conversion. Indicates that there is. FIG. 15D shows that a unified down-conversion and filtering module 1524 according to the present invention can be utilized as a filter 1522 (ie,
(The range of frequency down-conversion by the down converter of the unified down-conversion and filtering module 1524 is minimized.) FIG. 15E illustrates that a unified down-conversion and filtering module 1528 according to the present invention can be utilized as down-converter 1526 (ie, unified down-conversion and filtering module 1528).
Filter passes substantially all frequencies). FIG. 15F shows that the unified down-conversion and filtering module 1532 can be used as an amplifier. Note that one or more UDF modules can be used in applications that include at least one or more of filtering, frequency translation, and amplification.

For example, a receiver typically performs filtering, down-conversion, and filtering operations, and may be implemented using one or more unified down-conversion and filtering modules. For example, this is shown in FIG.
It is shown in FIG.

There are many other applications for the unified down-conversion and filtering method and system of the present invention. For example, as discussed herein, extended signal reception (ES
R) The module (receive) operates to down-convert a signal containing multiple spectra. The ESR module (receiver) also operates to separate the spectrum of the down-converted signal, and in some embodiments, performs such separation via filtering. According to embodiments of the present invention, one or more unified down-conversion and filtering (UDF) modules are used to implement the ESR module (receiving). For example, this is shown in FIG. In the example of FIG.
One or more of the modules 1610, 1612, 1614 operate to down convert the received signal. UDF modules 1610, 1612, 1614
Also operates to filter the down-converted signal so as to separate the spectrum contained in the down-converted signal. As described above, the universal frequency translation (UFT) module of the present invention is used to implement UDF modules 1610, 1612, 1614.

The present invention is not limited to the application example of the UFT module described above. For example, combinations that are effective in associating a subset of the applications (methods and / or structures) described herein (and other applications that will be apparent to those of skill in the art based on the teachings herein). Can be formed, but is not limited thereto.

For example, a transmitter and a receiver are two applications of a UFT module.
FIG. 10 shows that by combining these two applications of the UFT module, ie, by combining the transmitter 1004 with the receiver 1008,
Shown is a transceiver 1002 formed.

Also, ESR (extended signal reception) and unified down conversion and filtering are
It is another two application examples of the UFT module. FIG. 16 shows an example of this, ESR,
And combine unified down-conversion and filtering to form a modified extended signal receiving system.

The present invention is not limited to the application of the UFT module discussed herein. Also, the present invention is not limited to the example combination of UFT module applications discussed herein. These examples are provided for illustrative purposes only, and are not limiting. Other applications and combinations of such applications will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on the teachings contained herein. Such applications and combinations include, for example, (1
) Frequency translation, (2) frequency down-conversion, (3) frequency up-conversion,
An application that comprises and / or uses one or more of (4) reception, (5) transmission, (6) filtering, and / or (7) transmission and reception of signals in an environment potentially containing jamming signals. / Combinations, but is not limited thereto.

Additional applications are described below.

6.1 Phone The present invention is directed to phones that use a UFT module to perform down conversion and / or up conversion operations. According to embodiments of the present invention, a telephone may be a receiver that uses a UFT module for frequency down conversion (see, eg, FIG. 7) and / or a transmitter that uses a UFT module for frequency up conversion. (See, for example, FIG. 8). Alternatively, telephone embodiments of the present invention use transceivers that utilize one or more UFT modules to perform frequency down-conversion and / or up-conversion operations, for example, as shown in FIGS. I do.

Cordless telephones (base unit and handset)
The base unit can use the UFT module to communicate with the telephone company via a wired or wireless service, so both the base unit and the handset can use the UFT module), mobile phones, satellite phones, etc. Any type of telephone, including but not limited to, is within the scope and spirit of the present invention.

FIG. 25 is an environment example 2 showing a mobile phone and a satellite phone according to an embodiment of the present invention.
502 is shown. Cell phones 2504, 2508, 2512, and 2516 include transceivers 2506, 2510, 2514, and 2518, respectively. Transceivers 2506, 2510, 2514, and 2518 enable respective mobile phones to communicate with base stations 2520, 2524 via wireless communication media.
In accordance with the present invention, transceivers 2506, 2510, 2514, and 2518 are implemented using one or more UFT modules. FIG. 10 and FIG.
1 is an example transceiver 1002 operable for use with the mobile phone of the present invention.
And 1102 are shown. Alternatively, one or more of the mobile phones 2504, 2508, 2512, and 2516 can use a sending module and a receiving module. For example, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, a UFT module can be used to implement either or both of such a transmitting module and a receiving module.

FIG. 25 shows a satellite telephone 2590 communicating via a satellite such as a satellite 2526.
Also shown. Satellite phone 2590 includes a transceiver 2592 and is preferably implemented using one or more UFT modules, for example, as shown in FIGS. Alternatively, satellite phone 2590 can include a receiving module and a transmitting module, for example, using a UFT module to connect either or both of the receiving module and the transmitting module, as shown in FIGS. carry out.

FIG. 25 shows a cordless telephone 2590 having a handset 2592 and a base station 2596. Handset 2592 and base station 2596 include transceivers 2594, 2598, preferably for communicating with one another over a wireless link. Preferably, transceivers 2594, 2598 are implemented using one or more UFT modules, as shown, for example, in FIGS. Alternatively, the transceivers 2594, 2598 can be replaced by a receiving module and a transmitting module, respectively, using a UFT module and using either a receiving module or a transmitting module as shown in FIGS. Or do both. In an embodiment, the base station 259 of the cordless telephone 2590
6 can communicate with base station 2520 via transceivers 2598, 2521 or using other communication modules.

6.2 Base Station The present invention is generally directed to a communication base station that represents an interface between a telephone and a telephone network. FIG. 2 shows an example base station 2520, 2524 according to the present invention.
It is shown in FIG. The invention is directed to, but not limited to, other types of base stations, such as a base station for a cordless telephone (see, for example, base station 2596 for a cordless telephone 2590 in FIG. 25). Base stations 2520, 2524, 2596
Include transceivers 2521, 2525, and 2598, respectively. According to embodiments of the present invention, the transceiver 25 may be configured using one or more UFT modules.
21, 2525, and 2598, respectively (see, for example, FIGS. 10 and 11).
See). Alternatively, the base station 2520, 2524, 2596 can be implemented using a receiving module and a transmitting module, and either or both of the receiving module and the transmitting module are implemented using a UFT module (eg, , FIG. 7 and FIG. 8).

As shown in FIG. 25, base stations 2520, 2524, 2596 can communicate over a telephone via other communication media, including, but not limited to, telephone network 2522, satellite 2526, or a data network (such as the Internet). Operate to connect together. Also, the base stations 2520, 2524 communicate via the base station 2520 rather than over a network or other intermediate communication medium.
508, 2512, etc.) can communicate with each other. For example, this is indicated by data flow dotted line 2528.

The present invention relates to a macro base station (operating in a relatively large network), a micro base station (operating in a relatively small network), a satellite base station (operating in a satellite), and a portable base station. Covers all types of base stations, such as base stations (operating in cellular networks) and data communication base stations (operating as gateways to computer networks).

6.3 Positioning The present invention is directed to a positioning device that enables determination of a target position.

FIG. 26 shows an example 2608 of a positioning unit according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Positioning unit 2608 includes a receiver 2610 for receiving positioning information from a satellite, such as satellites 2604, 2606. Such positioning information is processed by the positioning module 2614 in a well-known manner,
08 is determined. Preferably, the receiver 2610 is implemented using a UFT module for performing a frequency down-conversion operation (see, eg, FIG. 7).

Positioning unit 2608 may transmit commands and / or other information to satellite 260
4, 2606, or an optional transmitter 2612 for transmission to other destinations. In one embodiment, the transmitter 2612 is implemented using a UFT module to perform the frequency up-conversion operation (see, eg, FIG. 8).

In one embodiment, within positioning unit 2608, receiver 2610 and optional transmitter 2612 are replaced with a transceiver that includes one or more UFT modules (see, eg, FIGS. 10 and 11). ).

The present invention relates to a global positioning system (GPS), a differential GPS, a local GPS, etc.
Covers, but is not limited to, all types of positioning systems.

6.4 Data Communication The present invention is directed to data communication between data processing devices. For example, the present invention is directed to, but is not limited to, computer networks (eg, local and wide area networks), modems, and the like.

FIG. 27 shows an example environment 2702. Here, the computers 2704, 27
12, and 2726 are communicating with each other via a computer network 2734. In the example of FIG. 27, while the computer 2704 is communicating with the network 2734 via a wired link, the computers 2712 and 272
6 is communicating with the network 2734 via a wireless link.

In the teachings contained herein, for purposes of illustration, a link may be designated as being a wired link or a wireless link. Such designations are for illustration only and are not intended to be limiting. Links shown as wireless may alternatively be wired. Similarly, links shown as wired could alternatively be wireless. This is applicable throughout the application.

The computers 2704, 2712, and 2726 are connected to a network 2734.
Interface 2706, 2714, and 2728, respectively, for communicating with Interfaces 2706, 2714, and 2728 are associated with transmitter 27.
08, 2716, and 2730, respectively. Also, the interface 270
6, 2714, and 2728 are receivers 2710, 2718, and 2732
Respectively. In embodiments of the present invention, transmitters 2708, 2716, and 273 are used using UFT modules to perform frequency up-conversion operations.
0 (see, eg, FIG. 8). In an embodiment, the receiver 2710, 2718 is implemented using a UFT module to perform the frequency down-conversion operation.
, And 2732 (see, eg, FIG. 7).

As described above, computers 2712 and 2726 interact with network 2734 via a wireless link. In the embodiment of the present invention, the computer 2
Interfaces 2714 and 2728 of 712 and 2726 correspond to a modem.

In the embodiment, the network 2734 includes the computers 2712, 27
It includes an interface or modem 2720 for communicating with 26 modems 2714, 2728. In an embodiment, the interface 2720 includes the transmitter 272
2 and a receiver 2724. Either or both transmitter 2722 and receiver 2724 are implemented using a UFT module for performing frequency translation operations (see, eg, FIGS. 7 and 8).

In an alternative embodiment, one to perform a frequency translation operation
One or more of the interfaces 2706, 2714, 2720, and 2728 are implemented using a transceiver that uses one or more UFT modules (see, eg, FIGS. 10 and 11).

FIG. 28 illustrates another example data communication embodiment 2802. Each of the plurality of computers 2804, 2812, 2814, and 2816 is shown
04 interface 2806. It should be understood that other computers 2812, 2814, 2816 also include an interface, such as interface 2806. Computers 2804, 2812, 2814 and 2816 communicate with each other via interface 2806 and wireless or wired links to form a data communication network collectively.

An interface 2806 is a high-speed internal interface, a wireless serial port,
It can correspond to any computer interface or port including, but not limited to, a wireless PS2 port, a wireless USB port, and the like.

[0230] Interface 2806 includes a transmitter 2808 and a receiver 2810. In embodiments of the present invention, one or both of the transmitter 2808 and the receiver 2810 are implemented using UFT modules for frequency up-conversion and down-conversion (see, for example, FIGS. 7 and 8). . Alternatively, interface 2806 may be implemented using a transceiver having one or more UFT modules to perform frequency translation operations (see, eg, FIGS. 10 and 11).

6.5 Pager The present invention is directed to a pager that uses a UFT module to perform frequency translation operations.

FIG. 29 illustrates an example pager 2902 according to one embodiment of the present invention. Pager 2902 includes a receiver 2906 for receiving a paging message. In an embodiment of the present invention, receiver 2906 is implemented using a UFT module for performing a frequency down-conversion operation (see, eg, FIG. 7).

[0233] Pager 2902 also includes a transmitter 2908 for transmitting pages, responses to pages, or other messages. In the embodiment of the present invention, the transmitter 2
908 uses a UFT module to perform the up-conversion operation (see, eg, FIG. 8).

In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, receiver 2906 and transmitter 2908 are
Replace with a transceiver that uses one or more UFT modules to perform frequency translation operations (see, for example, FIGS. 10 and 11).

[0235] The pager 2902 is a display 2 for displaying a paging message.
904. Alternatively or additionally, pager 2902 includes other mechanisms for indicating page reception, such as an audible mechanism for audibly indicating receipt of a page, or a vibration mechanism for vibrating pager 2902 upon receipt of a page.

The present invention covers all types of pagers, such as, but not limited to, one-way pagers and two-way pagers. FIG.
6 shows a one-way pager 3004, including a six. Unidirectional pager 3004 can only receive pages. In the scenario of FIG. 30, one-way pager 3004 receives page 3005 from entity 3008 that issues the page. Unidirectional pager 3004 includes a receiver 3006 implemented using a UFT module to perform frequency down-conversion operations (see, eg, FIG. 7).

FIG. 30 also shows an interactive pager 3010. The interactive pager 3010 receives a paging message, and responds to the page, paging message,
And / or transmission of other messages is possible. Interactive pager 3010 includes a receiver 3012 for receiving a message, and a transmitter 3014 for transmitting a message. U for performing frequency translation operation
An FT module may be used to implement one or both of the receiver 3012 and the transmitter 3014 (see, for example, FIGS. 7 and 8). Or,
Receiver 3010 and transmitter 3014 can be replaced with a transceiver that uses one or more UFT modules to perform frequency translation operations (see, for example, FIGS. 10 and 11).

6.6 Security The present invention is directed to a security system having components implemented using a UFT module for performing frequency translation operations.
FIG. 31 is an example security system 3102 that is used to describe this aspect of the invention.

The security system 3102 can be used to open windows, open doors, break glass, operate, apply pressure to the floor, destroy with laser beams, fire, smoke, carbon monoxide, etc.
Includes sensors that detect potential intrusion / hazard events. Upon detecting an intrusion / danger event, the sensor sends an intrusion / danger event message to the monitor panel 3 including the monitor and alarm module 3120.
Send to 116. The monitor and alarm module 3120 processes intrusion / danger event messages in a well-known manner. Such processing may include, for example, sending a message to a monitoring center 3130 via a wired link 3134 or a wireless link 3136, which may be connected to an appropriate agency 31
32 (police, fire department, emergency facilities, etc.).

FIG. 31 is positioned, for example, to detect that door 3106 is open.
13 shows a unidirectional sensor 3109. As will be apparent to those skilled in the art, the unidirectional sensor 3
Reference numeral 109 is not limited to this application example. Unidirectional sensor 3109 includes contacts 3108 and 3110 located on door 3106 and frame 3104 of door 3106. Contacts 3108 and 3110 are replaced with each other and door 3106
Indicates that it is open, a transmitter 3112 included in the contact 3110 sends an intrusion / danger event message 3114 to the monitor panel 3116.

In one embodiment, unidirectional sensor 3109 also sends a status message to monitor panel 3116. These status messages are preferably transmitted during the time period assigned to the unidirectional sensor 3109. The status message indicates that the unidirectional sensor 310 is operating, such as when the sensor 3109 is operating within normal parameters, or when the sensor 3109 is compromised in some way.
9 includes information indicating the situation. Upon receiving the status message, monitor panel 3116 takes the appropriate action. For example, if the status message indicates that the sensor 3109 has been compromised, the monitor panel 3116 may then display a message for this effect and / or send a service call. If the monitor panel 3116 does not receive a status message from the one-way sensor 3109 during the time period assigned to the one-way sensor 3109, then the monitor panel 3116 will alert to indicate a potential intrusion or other breach in the security of the surroundings. Can also be issued.

To perform the frequency up-conversion operation, the transmitter 3
Preferably, 112 is performed (see, for example, FIG. 8).

The one-way sensor 3109 can only transmit. The present invention is also directed to a bidirectional sensor, an example of which is 3125 in the figure. In FIG. 31, the bidirectional sensor 3125 is arranged to detect that the door 3138 opens. As will be apparent to those skilled in the art, the bidirectional sensor 3125 is not limited to this application.

The bidirectional sensor 3125 has a contact 31 for detecting that the door 3138 is open.
24 and 3126. Upon detecting that the door 3138 is open, the contact 312
6 transceiver 3128 sends intrusion / danger event messages to monitor panel 311
Send to 6. Preferably, transceiver 3128 is implemented using one or more UFT modules to perform frequency translation operations (see, eg, FIGS. 10 and 11). Alternatively, the bidirectional sensor 3125
Can use a receiver and a transmitter, where one or both of the receiver and the transmitter include a UFT module for performing frequency translation operations (see, eg, FIGS. 7 and 8).

[0245] The bidirectional sensor 3125 is capable of transmitting and receiving messages. In particular,
As described above, the transceiver 3128 of the two-way sensor 3125 sends an intrusion / danger event message to the monitor panel 3116. In addition, bidirectional sensor 3
125 may receive commands or other messages (such as polling) from monitor panel 3116 via transceiver 3128.

In one embodiment, the bidirectional sensor 3125 also sends a status message to the monitor panel 3116. In one embodiment, the bidirectional sensor 3125
These status messages are sent during the time period assigned to the. The characteristics of these status messages are as described above.

In an alternative embodiment, monitor panel 3116 polls for status messages. When the bidirectional sensor 3125 receives the appropriate polling message, it sends the status message to the monitor panel 3116. If the monitor panel 3116 does not receive a status message in response to the polling message, then an alert may be issued indicating a potential intrusion or other breach in the surrounding security.

The monitor panel 3116 includes a transceiver 3118 for communicating with sensors such as sensors 3109 and 3125, and for communicating with external entities such as the monitoring center 3130, an appropriate agency 3132, and the like. Preferably, the transceiver 3118 is implemented using one or more UFT modules to perform frequency translation operations (see, eg, FIGS. 10 and 11). Alternatively, transceiver 3118 can be replaced by a receiver and a transmitter, and implement one or both of the receiver and the transmitter using a UFT module to perform frequency translation operations (eg,
7 and 8).

In one embodiment, the monitor panel 3116 communicates with the monitoring center 3130 via the wired telephone line 3134. However, communication over the telephone line 3134 may not always be possible. For example, at times, telephone lines 3134 may be disabled due to natural events, failures, maintenance, destruction, and the like. Accordingly, embodiments of the present invention include a backup communication mechanism. For example, FIG.
In 1, the monitor panel 3116 includes a mobile phone backup system for communicating with the monitoring center 3130. This wireless link between the monitor panel 3116 and the monitoring center 3130 is represented by the dotted line 3136. Transceiver 3118 (or another transceiver, possibly included in monitoring panel 3116, or another transceiver located proximate thereto) communicates with monitor center 3130 via wireless link 3136. As described above, the transceiver 3118 is preferably implemented using one or more UFT modules to perform frequency translation operations (see, for example, FIGS. 10 and 11).

6.7 Repeater The present invention is directed to communication repeaters, which generally receive a signal, optionally amplify the signal, and then transmit the amplified signal at the same or a different frequency. The repeater sends one signal to transmit a signal from a first point to a second point.
Often used in combination with one or more other repeaters, the first point and the second point are spaced apart from each other and / or not in line of sight to each other.

This is shown in FIG. 32, for example. In this case, a signal is being transmitted from one station 3204 to another 3218, and the stations 3204, 3218 are separated by a peak. Station 3
The signal from 204 is transmitted to station 3218 via repeaters 3206, 3208, and 3210. In a similar manner, the signal from station 3218 is
Sent to station 3204 via 06, 3208, and 3210.

[0252] Each repeater 3206, 3208, and 3210 includes a transceiver 3212,
3214 and 3216, respectively. In embodiments of the present invention, transceivers 3212, 3214, 3216 are implemented using a UFT module for performing frequency translation operations (see, eg, FIGS. 10 and 11). Alternatively, transceivers 3212, 3214, 3216 can be replaced by receivers and transmitters, which implement the receivers and transmitters using a UFT module to perform frequency translation operations (eg,
7 and 8).

The present invention includes all types of repeaters. For example, the repeater scenario described above corresponds to using repeaters over long distances or long ranges (e.g.,
Macro). The invention is also applicable to short distance repeater use (eg, micro use). This example is shown in FIG. In this case, the transceiver 32
A repeater 3252 having 54 is located in the building or residence 3250. The repeater 3252 relays signals from a mobile phone 3256 or other communication device (computer with modem, television with programming input, security system, home control system, etc.) to base station 3218 and / or another repeater 3210. In the example scenario of FIG. 32, the mobile phone 3256 and the repeater 325
The combination of the two generally resembles a cordless phone. In embodiments of the present invention, transceivers 3254, 3258 are implemented using a UFT module for performing frequency translation operations (see, for example, FIGS. 10 and 11). Alternatively, transceivers 3254, 3258 can be replaced by receivers and transmitters, and UFs for performing frequency translation operations.
The T module is used to implement this receiver and transmitter (eg, FIG.
And FIG. 8).

6.8 Mobile Radio The present invention is directed to mobile radio that uses a UFT module to perform frequency translation operations. The present invention relates to a walkie talkie, a citizen band, a business, an ISM (Industrial Scientific M).
Applicable to, but not limited to, all types of mobile radios operating in any band for any service, such as electronic, amateur radio, and weather band. See FIGS. 42A-42D for examples of frequency bands that can operate with the present invention (the present invention is not limited to these bands).

FIG. 33 shows an example 3302 of a scenario. In this case, the first mobile radio 330
4 is communicating with the second mobile radio 3306. Each mobile radio 3304, 330
6 includes transmitters 3308, 3312 and receivers 3310, 3314, respectively. Implement transmitters 3308, 3312 and / or receivers 3310, 3314 using a UFT module to perform frequency translation operations (see, eg, FIGS. 7 and 8). Alternatively, the transmitters 3308, 33
12, and the receivers 3310, 3314 can be replaced with transceivers that utilize one or more UFT modules to perform frequency translation operations (see, eg, FIGS. 10 and 11).

The present invention is also directed to a reception-only wireless device such as the wireless device 4402 shown in FIG.
Radio 4402 includes a receiver 4404 for receiving a broadcast. The wireless device 4402 is
Also includes a speaker 4406 and other well-known wireless modules 4408. Wireless 440
2 can operate in any band, such as AM, FM, weather band,
It is not so limited. 42A to 42A for the example of the band.
See D. Preferably, the receiver 4404 is implemented using a UFT module (see, eg, FIG. 7).

6.9 Satellite Up / Downlink The present invention is directed to systems and methods for communication over satellites. This includes, for example, direct satellite systems (DSS), direct broadcast satellites (DBS), ultra-wideband public / private services, and the like.

FIG. 34 shows an example environment 3402. In this case, the content provider 342
The content transmitted from 0 is received by individual homes 3404 via satellite 3416. Satellite unit 3408 is located in residence 3404. Satellite unit 3808 includes a receiver 3410 for receiving signals from satellite 3416, and a transmitter 3412 for transmitting signals to satellite 3416.

In operation, a content provider 3420 downloads content to a satellite 3416.
, Then satellite 3416 broadcasts the content. This content is received at house 3404 by an antenna or satellite dish 3414.
The received signal is provided to a receiver 3410 of satellite unit 3408, which then downconverts and demodulates the signal as needed. Then
Data is provided to monitor 3406 and presented to the user. The monitor 3406 is
It can be any device that can receive and display content from content provider 3420, such as a television or computer monitor. In an embodiment of the present invention, receiver 3410 and / or transmitter 3412 are implemented using a UFT module to perform frequency translation operations (see, eg, FIGS. 7 and 8). In other embodiments, receiver 3410 and transmitter 3412 are replaced with transceivers that use one or more UFT modules to perform frequency translation operations (see, eg, FIGS. 10 and 11). .

[0260] Satellite units 3408 can be used to transmit and receive large amounts of data over ultra-wideband satellite channels. For example, in addition to receiving content from a content provider, a satellite (satellite 341) may be used using satellite unit 3408.
6) can exchange data with other locations 3418 via the satellite link provided by.

6.10 Command and Control The present invention is directed to command and control applications. Examples of command and control applications are described below for illustrative purposes. The present invention is not limited to these examples.

6.10.1 PC Peripherals The present invention is directed to computer peripherals that communicate with a computer via a wireless communication medium. FIG. 35 shows an example computer 3502, a monitor 3506,
Includes, but is not limited to, a number of peripheral devices, such as a keyboard 3510, a mouse 3514, a storage device 3518, and an interface / port 3522. It should be understood that the peripheral device shown in FIG. 35 is provided for illustrative purposes only, but is not so limited. The present invention is directed to any device that can interact with a computer.

[0263] The peripheral device shown in FIG. 35 interacts with the computer 3502 via a wireless communication medium. Computer 3502 includes one or more transceivers 3504 for communicating with peripheral devices. U for performing frequency translation operation
The transceiver 3504 is preferably implemented using an FT module (
For example, see FIGS. 10 and 11). Alternatively, the transceiver 3504 of the computer 3502 can be replaced with a transmitter and receiver, and any receiver and transmitter are implemented by using a UFT module to perform frequency translation operations (eg, (See FIGS. 7 and 8)
.

Each peripheral device includes a transceiver for communicating with the computer 3502.
In embodiments of the present invention, a transceiver is implemented using a UFT module to perform frequency translation operations (see, for example, FIGS. 10 and 11). In another embodiment, the transceiver is replaced with a receiver and transmitter, and the receiver and transmitter are implemented by a UFT module for performing frequency translation operations (see, eg, FIGS. 7 and 8). .

[0265] The computer 3502 can transmit a signal indicating that a signal from the peripheral device is being received to the peripheral device. Then, the peripheral device is a computer 35
02 may be indicated to be established (eg, turning on a green light).

In some embodiments, some peripherals can be dedicated to transmission, in which case they include a transmitter rather than a transceiver. Some peripherals that can be dedicated to transmission only include, for example, only a keyboard 3510, a mouse 3514, and / or a monitor 3506. Preferably, the transmitter is implemented using a UFT module to perform the frequency up-conversion operation (see, eg, FIG. 8).

6.10.2 Building / Residential Functions The present invention is directed to an apparatus for controlling a residential function. For example, the present invention relates to C-bus and X-10, garage door open, intercom, video rabbit (vi)
audio rabbits), audio rabbits
), But not limited to thermostats, meter readings, and control of high-performance control devices. These examples are provided by way of illustration, but not limitation. The invention includes other residential features, appliances, and devices, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on the teachings contained herein.

FIG. 36 shows an example 3604 of a house control unit. House control unit 3604
Includes one or more transceivers 3606 for interacting with a remote device. In embodiments of the present invention, transceiver 3606 is implemented using a UFT module to perform frequency translation operations (see, eg, FIGS. 10 and 11). In another embodiment, transceiver 360
Replace 6 with a receiver and transmitter that use a UFT module to perform frequency translation operations (see, for example, FIGS. 7 and 8). In some embodiments, the home control unit 3604 can be dedicated to transmission, in which case it is preferable to replace the transceiver 3606 with a transmitter and implement this transmitter using a UFT module.

The home control unit 3604 interacts with the remote device for remote access, control, and otherwise interacting with the home feature device. For example, the home control unit 3604 can be used to control appliances 3608, such as, but not limited to, lamps, televisions, computers, video recorders, audio recorders, answering machines, and the like. Instrument 3608 is coupled to one or more interfaces 3610. Interfaces 3610 each include a transceiver 3612 for communicating with home control 3604. Transceiver 3612 includes one or more UFT modules for performing frequency translation operations (see, eg, FIGS. 10 and 11). Alternatively, interface 3610 includes a receiver and a transmitter, respectively, either or both of which include a UFT module for performing frequency translation operations (see, eg, FIGS. 7 and 8).

The house control unit 3604 includes a thermostat 3618 and a garage door opening 36.
Remote access and control of other residential devices, such as 14, can also be provided. Such a device that interacts with the home control unit 3604 is a thermostat 3618
Transceiver 3620 and a garage door 3614 transceiver 3616. Transceivers 3620, 3616 include UFT modules for performing frequency translation operations (see, for example, FIGS. 10 and 11). Alternatively, transceivers 3616, 3620 can be replaced with receivers and transmitters for performing translation operations (see, for example, FIGS. 7 and 8).

The present invention is also directed to control of home electric appliances such as a television, a VCR, a stereo, a CD player, an amplifier, a tuner, a computer, and a video game, but is not limited thereto. For example, FIG. 36 shows a television 3650 and V with receivers 3652, 3656 for receiving control signals from remote control 3658.
A CR 3654 is shown, where each remote control 3658 includes a transmitter 3660. UFT
Preferably, the receivers 3652, 3656 are implemented using modules (see, eg, FIG. 7), and the transmitter 3660 is preferably implemented using a UFT module (see, eg, FIG. 8).

In some cases, an adapter 3666 may need to be installed to enable the device to operate with remote control 3658. Consider a stereo 3662 having an infrared receiver 3664 for receiving infrared control signals. Depending on their implementation, some embodiments of the remote control 3658 may not be able to transmit signals that can be accurately received by the infrared receiver 3664. In such a case, receiver 3668 (preferably implemented using a UFT module) and adapter 3666 may be located or attached to stereo 3662. Receiver 3668 operates to receive control signals from remote control 3658. The adapter 3666 converts the received signal into a signal that can be received by the infrared receiver 3664.

The present invention can also be used to allow remote access to a home control component by an external entity. For example, FIG. 37 shows a scenario 3702.
In this case, the utility company 3704 is
08, a utility meter that records the amount of utility equipment used.
ter) 3710 for remote access. A utility 3704 may correspond to, for example, a service vehicle or a site or office. Utilities 37
10 and utility 3704 communicate with each other by transceiver 3712,
3706 respectively. Transceivers 3706, 3712 preferably utilize UFT modules to perform frequency translation operations (
For example, see FIGS. 10 and 11). Alternatively, transceivers 3706, 37
Replace 12 with a receiver and transmitter and implement the receiver and / or transmitter using a UFT module to perform frequency translation operations (
For example, see FIGS. 7 and 8).

The present invention is also directed to other household devices. For example, the present invention is directed to, but not limited to, intercoms. As shown in FIG. 38, intercoms 3804, 3806 can be used by transceivers 3808, 3808 to communicate with each other.
810 respectively. In an embodiment of the present invention, transceiver 3808,
3810 includes a UFT module for performing frequency translation operations (see, eg, FIGS. 10 and 11). In another embodiment, the transceivers 3808, 3810 are replaced with receivers and transmitters, respectively, and the receiver and / or transmitter is implemented using a UFT module to perform frequency translation operations (eg, , FIG. 7 and FIG. 8).

The present invention can also be used to send signals from one home device to another home device. For example, the invention is applicable for propagating video and / or audio signals throughout a home. This is shown, for example, in FIG. In this case, the televisions 3812, 3814 are transceivers 3816, 381 for communicating with each other.
8 inclusive. Transceivers 3816, 3818 have allowed video signals to be transmitted from one television to another. In embodiments of the present invention, transceivers 3816, 3818 are implemented using a UFT module for performing frequency translation operations (see, eg, FIGS. 10 and 11). In other embodiments, the transceivers 3816, 3818 are replaced with receivers and transmitters, and the receiver and / or transmitter is implemented using a UFT module to perform frequency translation operations (eg, 7 and 8).

FIG. 38 shows a CD player 382 using transceivers 3824, 3826.
Also shown is one embodiment of communicating audio signals between 0 and multimedia receiver 3822. In embodiments, transceivers 3824, 3826 are implemented using a UFT module for performing frequency translation operations (see, eg, FIGS. 10 and 11). In other embodiments, the transceivers 3824, 3826 are replaced with receivers and transmitters, and the receivers and / or transmitters are implemented using a UFT module to perform frequency translation operations (eg, 7 and 8).

In the above figures, a number of components are shown as including transceivers. However, in practice, some components are receive-only or transmit-only. As will be apparent to those skilled in the art, this is true for some of the devices discussed in this application. In such a case, the transceiver can be replaced by a receiver or transmitter, and the receiver or transmitter is preferably implemented using a UFT module to perform frequency translation operations (eg, 7 and 8).

6.10.3 Vehicle Control The present invention is directed to vehicle control and other devices often used in or with vehicles.

FIG. 39 shows an example car 3902 according to one embodiment of the present invention. Car 39
02 includes several devices that communicate with the target.

For example, an automobile 3902 has a gasoline pump 3912 and a tollgate 3916
Including, but not limited to, an interface 3904 (or multiple interfaces) for communicating with external devices. In operation, for example, when car 3902 approaches tollgate 3916, interface 3904
Communicates with tollgate 3916 in a suitable known manner, and vehicle 3902
6 to be able to pass. Also, when the car 3902 is closest to the gasoline pump 3912, the interface 3904 interacts with the gasoline pump in an appropriate well-known manner, and the driver of the car 3902 uses the gasoline pump
902 fuel.

The vehicle also includes a controllable door lock 3908. Keyless entry device 39
Upon receiving the appropriate signal from 14, controllable door lock 3908 locks or unlocks (based on the received signal).

The vehicle also includes a controller 3910 that controls and interacts with the system, instruments, and other devices of the vehicle 3902. Controller 3910 is in communication with control unit 3918. Using the control unit 3918, the vehicle 39
02 can be controlled. The control unit 3918 includes the controller 39
10 to send a command. Controller 3910 executes a function designated by a command from control unit 3918. In addition, the control unit 3918 transmits an inquiry (query) to the controller 3910. The controller 3910 is
The information related to the vehicle specified in the inquiry is transmitted to the control unit 3918. Accordingly, the functions of any vehicle under the control of the controller 3910 can be controlled via the control unit 3918.

It should be noted that the features and functions described above and shown in FIG. 39 are provided by way of example only, and not limitation. The present invention is applicable to, but not limited to, other automotive related devices such as security systems, GPS systems, telephones, and the like.

The interface 3904, door lock 3908, controller 3910, and any other automotive devices also include one or more transceivers 3906A, 3906B, 3906C for communicating with external devices. Also, gasoline pump 3912, keyless entry device 3914, toll booth 3916, control unit 3918, and any other suitable devices include transceivers 3906D, 3906E, 3906F, 3906G for communicating with vehicle 3902.

Preferably, the transceiver 3906 is implemented using a UFT module to perform frequency translation operations (see FIGS. 10 and 11). Alternatively, one or more transceivers 3906 can be replaced with receivers and / or transmitters and implement the receiver and / or transmitter using a UFT module to perform frequency translation operations. (See, for example, FIGS. 7 and 8).

6.10.4 Aircraft Control The present invention is directed to aircraft control and other devices often used in or with aircraft.

FIG. 40A illustrates an example aircraft 4002 according to one embodiment of the present invention. Aircraft 4
002 includes, for example, a GPS unit 4012 for receiving positioning information. GPS unit 4012 is coupled to transceiver 4004D for receiving positioning information.

The aircraft 4002 also includes one or more radios 4010 for communicating with external entities. Wireless 4010 includes one or more transceivers 4004C to enable such communication.

Aircraft 4002 may have a monitor 4 for displaying video programming, for example.
008, and a computer 40 for transmitting and receiving information via a communication network
09 is also included. Monitor 4008 and computer 4009 include one or more transceivers 4004B for communicating with an external device, such as a video programming source and / or a data communication network.

[0290] The aircraft 4002 includes a controller 4006 for controlling the systems, instruments, and other devices of the aircraft 4002. The controller 4006 can communicate with an external device via the transceiver 4004A. An external device may control the aircraft 4002 by sending appropriate commands, queries, and other messages to the controller 4006.

It should be noted that the features and functions described above and shown in FIG. 40A are provided by way of example only, and not limitation. The present invention is applicable to, but not limited to, other aircraft-related devices, such as security systems, telephones, and the like.

Preferably, transceiver 4004 is implemented using a UFT module for performing frequency translation operations (see FIGS. 10 and 11). Alternatively, one or more of the transceivers 4004 can be replaced by a receiver and / or a transmitter, which implements the receiver and / or the transmitter using a UFT module to perform frequency translation operations (See, for example, FIGS. 7 and 8).

6.10.5 Maritime Control The present invention is directed to marine control and other marine related devices.

FIG. 40B shows an example boat 5050 according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 40B
The apparatus of the example boat 4050 is similar to the apparatus of the example aircraft 4002 of FIG. 40A. Accordingly, the above description regarding FIG. 40A applies to FIG. 40B.

6.11 Wireless Control The present invention is directed to, but is not limited to, wirelessly controlled wireless control devices such as cars, airplanes, and boats.

FIG. 41 shows a wireless control device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Controller 41
04 includes control logic 4106 for generating commands to control various devices, such as an airplane 4110, a car 4116, and a boat 4122. Controller 4104 includes a transceiver 4108 for communicating with an airplane 4110, a car 4116, and a boat 4122.

The airplane 4110, the car 4116, and the boat 4122 are connected to the controller 4
Control modules 4112 and 411 for processing commands received from
8 and 4124. Also, the control modules 4112, 4118, and 4
124 maintains status information that can be communicated back to the controller 4104. Airplane 4110, car 4116, and boat 4122 may include transceivers 4114, 4120, and 412 for communicating with controller 4104.
6 respectively.

Preferably, transceivers 4108, 4114, 4120, and 4126 are implemented using a UFT module for performing frequency translation operations (see FIGS. 10 and 11). Alternatively, transceiver 4108,
4114, 4120, and 4126 can be replaced by receivers and transmitters, which implement the receivers and / or transmitters using a UFT module to perform frequency translation operations (eg, FIG. 7 and FIG. 8).

6.12 Radio Synchronous Watch (Radio Synchronous Watc)
h) The present invention is directed to a wireless synchronization time device. A wireless synchronization time device is a timer that receives a signal representing the current time. An example of a source of such a time signal is the radio station WWV in Boulder, Colorado. The wireless synchronization time device updates those internal clocks with the current time information included in the signal.

The present invention relates to all clocks, such as alarm clocks, clocks for instruments and electronic devices such as computer clocks, TV clocks, VCR clocks, watches, home and office clocks, ovens and other appliance clocks. Type of wireless synchronization device.

FIG. 43 shows an example 4302 of a wireless synchronous timer, and an example thereof is shown in FIG. The wireless synchronization timer 4302 includes the current time and the time zone (and in some cases, the timer 4).
The display 4304 includes a display 4304 for displaying the current position of the display 302, a receiver 4306, a time module 4310, a GPS module 4308, and a battery 4312.

[0302] Receiver 4306 receives a time signal from time information source 4314. Based on this time signal, the time module 4310 determines the current time in a known manner. Depending on the characteristics of the received time signal, the current time may be GMT. The current time is displayed on display 4304.

The receiver 4306 may receive the time signal continuously, periodically, at the command of the user, or sporadically (eg, depending on the signal strength of the time information source 4314). When the receiver 4306 is not receiving a time signal, the time module 4310 uses the time indication of the last received time signal to determine the current time in a well-known manner (ie, the time module 4310 is clocked). Works as). In some embodiments, timer 4302 includes a time information source 431.
Some indications can be provided when a time signal is being received from 4.
For example, timer 4302 can provide a visual or audible indication (such as turning on an LED or beeping when a time signal is being received). The user can choose to disable this feature.

The receiver 4306 also receives positioning information from the global positioning satellite 4316. G
The PS module 4308 determines the position of the timer 4302 using the received positioning information. Time module 4310 uses the positioning information to determine the time zone and / or local time. Time zone, local time, and / or timer 4
The position of 302 can be displayed on display 4304.

Preferably, receiver 4306 is implemented using a UFT module to perform frequency translation operations (see, eg, FIG. 7).

The present invention is particularly well-suited for implementation as a timepiece given the low power requirements of UFT modules. A timer implemented using the UFT module increases the useful life of the battery 4312.

6.13 Other Applications The embodiments of the application described above are provided for purposes of illustration. These applications and embodiments are not intended to limit the invention. Alternative and additional applications and embodiments that differ slightly or significantly from the applications and embodiments described herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on the teachings contained herein. Would. For example, such alternative and additional applications and embodiments include combinations of the above-described applications and embodiments. Such combinations will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on the teachings herein.

Additional applications and embodiments are described below.

6.13.1 Applications Involving Extended Signal Reception As discussed above, the present invention is directed to methods and systems for enhanced signal reception (ESR). Any of the applications discussed above can be modified to improve communication between the transmitter and the receiver by incorporating ESR. Therefore, the present invention relates to any application described above, and any ESR described above.
In the combination with the embodiment, it is an object.

6.13.2 Applications Including Uniform Down-Conversion and Filtering As described above, the present invention is directed to unified down-conversion and filtering (UDF). UDFs according to the present invention can be used to perform filtering and / or down-conversion operations.

[0311] Many, if not all, of the applications described herein involve frequency translation operations. Thus, the above application can be enhanced by using any of the UDF embodiments described herein.

[0312] Many, if not all, of the applications described above involve a filtering operation. Thus, any of the applications described above can be enhanced by using any of the UDF embodiments described herein.

Thus, the present invention is directed to any application described herein in combination with any of the UDF embodiments described herein.

[0314] 7. Conclusion Embodiments of the systems and components of the present invention have been described herein. As noted elsewhere, these examples are provided for illustrative purposes only, and are not limiting. Other implementations, such as software and software / hardware implementations of the systems and components of the present invention, are possible with and encompassed by, but not limited to, the present invention. Such embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on the teachings contained herein.

While various application embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it should be understood that they have been presented by way of example only, and not limitation. Therefore, the breadth and scope of the present invention should not be limited by any of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but should be defined only in accordance with the following claims and their equivalents.

[Brief description of the drawings]

 The present invention will be described with reference to the following accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1A is a block diagram of a universal frequency translation (UFT) module according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 1B is a more detailed diagram of a universal frequency translation (UFT) module according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 1C illustrates a UFT module used in a universal frequency down-conversion (UFD) module according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 1D illustrates a UFT module used in a universal frequency up-conversion (UFU) module according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a universal frequency translation (UFT) module according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a universal frequency up-conversion (UFU) module according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a more detailed diagram of a universal frequency up-conversion (UFU) module according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a universal frequency up-conversion (UFU) module according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6A is a diagram illustrating an example of a waveform used to describe the operation of a UFU module.

FIG. 6B shows an example of a waveform used to describe the operation of the UFU module.

FIG. 6C is a diagram showing an example of a waveform used to describe the operation of the UFU module.

FIG. 6D shows an example of a waveform used to describe the operation of the UFU module.

FIG. 6E is a diagram showing an example of a waveform used to describe the operation of the UFU module.

FIG. 6F shows an example of a waveform used to describe the operation of the UFU module.

FIG. 6G is a diagram showing an example of a waveform used to describe the operation of the UFU module.

FIG. 6H is a diagram showing an example of a waveform used to describe the operation of the UFU module.

FIG. 6I is a diagram illustrating an example of a waveform used to describe the operation of a UFU module.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a UFT module used in a receiver according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a UFT module used in a transmitter according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 illustrates an environment with a transmitter and a receiver, each of which can be implemented using the UFT module of the present invention.

FIG. 10 illustrates a transceiver according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 illustrates a transceiver according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 illustrates an environment comprising a transmitter and a receiver, each of which may be implemented using the enhanced signal reception (ESR) component of the present invention.

FIG. 13 illustrates a UFT module used in a unified down-conversion and filtering (UDF) module according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 14 illustrates an example of a receiver implemented using a UDF module according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15A is a diagram showing an application example of a UDF module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15B is a diagram showing an application example of the UDF module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15C is a diagram showing an application example of the UDF module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15D is a diagram showing an application example of the UDF module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15E is a diagram showing an application example of the UDF module according to the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 15F is a diagram showing an application example of the UDF module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 16 illustrates an environment with a transmitter and a receiver, each of which can be implemented using the enhanced signal reception (ESR) component of the present invention, and one or more UFD modules of the present invention. Can be used to further implement this receiver.

FIG. 17 illustrates a unified down-conversion and filtering (UDF) module according to one embodiment of the present invention.

18 is a table of an example of a value at a node in the UDF module of FIG. 17;

FIG. 19 is a detailed diagram of an example of a UDF module according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 20A is a diagram of an example of an aliasing module, according to an embodiment of the invention.

20A-1 is a diagram of an example of an aliasing module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 20B is a diagram of an example of a waveform used to describe the operation of the aliasing module of FIGS. 20A and 20A-1.

FIG. 20C is a diagram of an example of a waveform used to describe the operation of the aliasing module of FIGS. 20A and 20A-1.

FIG. 20D is a diagram of an example waveform used to describe the operation of the aliasing module of FIGS. 20A and 20A-1.

FIG. 20E is a diagram of an example waveform used to describe the operation of the aliasing module of FIGS. 20A and 20A-1.

FIG. 20F is an example of a waveform used to describe the operation of the aliasing module of FIGS. 20A and 20A-1.

FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating an extended signal receiving system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 22A is a diagram of example waveforms used to describe the system of FIG. 21.

FIG. 22B is a diagram of example waveforms used to describe the system of FIG. 21.

FIG. 22C is an example of a waveform used to describe the system of FIG. 21.

FIG. 22D is a diagram of an example of a waveform used to describe the system of FIG. 21.

FIG. 22E is a diagram of an example of a waveform used to describe the system of FIG. 21.

FIG. 22F is a diagram of example waveforms used to describe the system of FIG. 21.

FIG. 23A is a diagram illustrating an example of a transmitter in an extended signal receiving system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

23A and 23B are examples of waveforms used to further describe an extended signal receiving system according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 23C is an example of a waveform used to further describe an extended signal receiving system according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 23D is a diagram showing another example of the transmitter in the extension signal receiving system according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 23E is a diagram of an example waveform used to further describe an extended signal receiving system according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 23F is an example of a waveform used to further describe an extended signal receiving system according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 24A is a diagram illustrating an example of a receiver in an extended signal receiving system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 24B is an example of a waveform used to further describe an extended signal receiving system according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 24C is an example of a waveform used to further describe an extended signal receiving system according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 24D is an example of a waveform used to further describe an extended signal receiving system according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 24E is an example of a waveform used to further describe an extended signal receiving system according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 24F is an example of a waveform used to further describe an extended signal receiving system according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 24G is a diagram of an example waveform used to further describe an extended signal receiving system according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 24H is an example of a waveform used to further describe an extended signal receiving system according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 24I is an example of a waveform used to further describe an extended signal receiving system according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 24J is an example of a waveform used to further describe an extended signal receiving system according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 25 illustrates an environment comprising a telephone and a base station according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 26 is a view showing a positioning unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 27 is a diagram illustrating a communication network according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 28 is a diagram illustrating a communication network according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 29 illustrates a pager according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 30 illustrates a pager according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 31 is a diagram showing a security system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 32 is a diagram illustrating a repeater according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 33 is a diagram illustrating mobile radio according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 34 illustrates an environment including satellite communications according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 35 is a diagram showing a computer and its peripheral devices according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 36 is a diagram showing a house control device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 37 is a diagram showing a house control device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 38 is a diagram showing a house control device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 39 is a diagram illustrating an example of an automobile according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 40A illustrates an example of an aircraft according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 40B is a diagram showing an example of a boat according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 41 is a diagram showing a wireless control device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 42A is a diagram showing an example of a frequency band operable in the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 42B is a diagram showing an example of a frequency band operable in the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 42C is a diagram showing an example of a frequency band operable in the embodiment of the present invention.

42D is a diagram illustrating an example of a frequency band that can be operated in the embodiment of the present invention, and is a diagram illustrating the orientation of FIGS. 42A to 42C (parts in FIGS. 42A to 42C are illustrated for illustrative purposes). Duplicated).

FIG. 43 is a diagram showing an example of a wireless synchronous timepiece according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 44 illustrates a wireless example according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 45A is a diagram showing an example of a switch module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 45B is a diagram showing an example of a switch module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 45C is a diagram showing an example of a switch module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 45D is a diagram illustrating an example of a switch module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 46H is a diagram showing an example of an aperture generator.

FIG. 46I is a diagram illustrating an example of an aperture generator.

FIG. 46J shows an example of an aperture generator.

FIG. 46K is a diagram showing an example of an aperture generator.

FIG. 46L is a diagram illustrating an oscillator according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 47 illustrates an energy transfer system with an optional energy transfer signal module according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 48 illustrates an aliasing module with input / output impedance matching, according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 49A is a diagram illustrating an example of a pulse generator.

FIG. 49B is a diagram showing an example of a waveform related to the pulse generator of FIG. 49A.

FIG. 49C is a diagram showing an example of a waveform related to the pulse generator of FIG. 49A.

FIG. 50 illustrates an example of an energy transfer module including a switch module and a reaction storage module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 51A shows an example of an energy transfer system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 51B is a diagram illustrating an example of an energy transfer system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 52A is a diagram illustrating an example of an energy transfer signal module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 52B is a view illustrating a flowchart of the operation of the state machine according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 52C is a diagram showing an example of the energy transfer signal module.

FIG. 53 illustrates a 915 MHZ using a 101.1 MHz clock, according to one embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a circuit for down-converting a z signal into a 5 MHz signal.

FIG. 54 illustrates a simulation waveform for the circuit of FIG. 53, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 55 is a circuit diagram of a circuit for down-converting a 915 MHz signal to a 5 MHz signal using a 101 MHz clock, according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 56 illustrates a simulation waveform for the circuit of FIG. 55, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 57 illustrates a 915 MHZ using a 101.1 MHz clock, according to one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a circuit for down-converting a z signal into a 5 MHz signal.

FIG. 58 illustrates simulated waveforms for the circuit of FIG. 57, according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 59 is a schematic diagram of the circuit of FIG. 53 connected to an FSK source that alternates between 913 MHz and 917 MHz at a baud rate of 500 K baud, according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 60A illustrates an example of an energy transfer system according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 60B shows an example timing diagram of the example system of FIG. 60A.

FIG. 60C illustrates an example timing diagram of the example system of FIG. 60A.

FIG. 61 is a diagram illustrating an example of a bypass network according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 62 is a diagram illustrating an example of a bypass network according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 63 is a diagram showing an example of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 64A is a diagram showing an example of a real-time aperture control circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 64B shows a timing diagram of an example of a clock signal for real-time aperture control according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 64C shows a timing diagram of an example of an optional enable signal for real-time aperture control according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 64D shows a timing diagram of an inverted clock signal for real-time aperture control according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 64E shows a timing diagram of an example of a delayed clock signal for real-time aperture control according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 64F shows a timing diagram of an example of energy transfer, including a pulse with an aperture controlled in real time, according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 65 is a diagram showing an example of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 66 is a diagram showing an example of one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 67 is a diagram showing an example of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 68 is a diagram showing an example of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 69A is a timing diagram of an example of the embodiment of FIG. 65.

FIG. 69B is a timing diagram of an example of the embodiment of FIG. 66.

FIG. 70A is a timing diagram of an example of the embodiment of FIG. 67.

FIG. 70B is a timing diagram of an example of the embodiment of FIG. 68.

FIG. 71A is a diagram showing an example of one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 71B is a diagram showing an expression for determining charge transfer according to the present invention.

FIG. 71C illustrates the relationship between capacitor charging and aperture according to the present invention.

FIG. 71D illustrates the relationship between capacitor charging and aperture according to the present invention.

Fig. 71E is a diagram showing a power-charge relational expression according to the present invention.

FIG. 71F illustrates an insertion loss equation according to the present invention.

FIG. 72 is a diagram showing an original FSK waveform 5902 and a down-converted waveform 5904.

[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] October 4, 2000 (2000.10.4)

[Procedure amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0039

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

[0039] In one embodiment, the energy transfer signal module 4702 optionally includes an aperture generator, Figure 46 C of the aperture generator 46 An example
Indicated as 20. The aperture generator 4620 generates a non-negligible aperture pulse 4626 from the input signal 4624. Input signal 4624 can be any type of periodic signal, such as, but not limited to, a sine wave, square wave, or sawtooth wave. A system for generating the input signal 4624 is described below.

[Procedure amendment 2]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0042

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

[0042] An example of the aperture generator 4620 in Figure 46 D. Additional examples of aperture generation logic are provided in FIGS. 46 A and FIG. 46 B. Figure 46 A shows a rising edge pulse generator 4640. This generator generates a pulse 4626 on the rising edge of input signal 4624. Figure 46 B illustrates a falling edge pulse generator 4650. This generator uses input signal 4
A pulse 4626 is generated on the falling edge of 624.

[Procedure amendment 3]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0043

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 47, the input signal 4624 is generated outside the energy transfer signal module 4702. Alternatively, input signal 4724 is generated internally by energy transfer signal module 4702. Input signal 4624 may be by the oscillator 4630 as shown in FIG. 46 E, it is generated by an oscillator. The oscillator 4630 includes the energy transfer signal module 47
02, or external to the energy transfer signal module 4702. The oscillator 4630 includes an energy transfer system 47
01 can be external. The output of oscillator 4630 can have any periodic waveform.

[Procedure amendment 4]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0092

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

The DAC 5206 controls an input to the voltage controlled oscillator VCO 5208. VC
O5208 controls the frequency input of a pulse generator 5210, in one embodiment, this is what the pulse generator substantially similar to those shown in Figure 46 C. Pulse generator 5210 generates energy transfer signal 4506.

[Procedure amendment 5]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] Brief description of drawings

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1A is a block diagram of a universal frequency translation (UFT) module according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 1B is a more detailed diagram of a universal frequency translation (UFT) module according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 1C illustrates a UFT module used in a universal frequency down-conversion (UFD) module according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 1D illustrates a UFT module used in a universal frequency up-conversion (UFU) module according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a universal frequency translation (UFT) module according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a universal frequency up-conversion (UFU) module according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a more detailed diagram of a universal frequency up-conversion (UFU) module according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a universal frequency up-conversion (UFU) module according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6A is a diagram illustrating an example of a waveform used to describe the operation of a UFU module.

FIG. 6B shows an example of a waveform used to describe the operation of the UFU module.

FIG. 6C is a diagram showing an example of a waveform used to describe the operation of the UFU module.

FIG. 6D shows an example of a waveform used to describe the operation of the UFU module.

FIG. 6E is a diagram showing an example of a waveform used to describe the operation of the UFU module.

FIG. 6F shows an example of a waveform used to describe the operation of the UFU module.

FIG. 6G is a diagram showing an example of a waveform used to describe the operation of the UFU module.

FIG. 6H is a diagram showing an example of a waveform used to describe the operation of the UFU module.

FIG. 6I is a diagram illustrating an example of a waveform used to describe the operation of a UFU module.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a UFT module used in a receiver according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a UFT module used in a transmitter according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 illustrates an environment with a transmitter and a receiver, each of which can be implemented using the UFT module of the present invention.

FIG. 10 illustrates a transceiver according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 illustrates a transceiver according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 illustrates an environment comprising a transmitter and a receiver, each of which may be implemented using the enhanced signal reception (ESR) component of the present invention.

FIG. 13 illustrates a UFT module used in a unified down-conversion and filtering (UDF) module, according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 14 illustrates an example of a receiver implemented using a UDF module according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15A is a diagram showing an application example of a UDF module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15B is a diagram showing an application example of the UDF module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15C is a diagram showing an application example of the UDF module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15D is a diagram showing an application example of the UDF module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15E is a diagram showing an application example of the UDF module according to the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 15F is a diagram showing an application example of the UDF module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 16 illustrates an environment comprising a transmitter and a receiver, each of which may be implemented using the enhanced signal reception (ESR) component of the present invention, and one or more UFD modules of the present invention. Can be used to further implement this receiver.

FIG. 17 illustrates a unified down-conversion and filtering (UDF) module according to one embodiment of the present invention.

18 is a table of an example of a value at a node in the UDF module of FIG. 17;

FIG. 19 is a detailed diagram of an example of a UDF module according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 20A is a diagram of an example of an aliasing module, according to an embodiment of the invention.

20A-1 is a diagram of an example of an aliasing module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 20B is a diagram of an example of a waveform used to describe the operation of the aliasing module of FIGS. 20A and 20A-1.

FIG. 20C is a diagram of an example of a waveform used to describe the operation of the aliasing module of FIGS. 20A and 20A-1.

FIG. 20D is a diagram of an example waveform used to describe the operation of the aliasing module of FIGS. 20A and 20A-1.

FIG. 20E is a diagram of an example waveform used to describe the operation of the aliasing module of FIGS. 20A and 20A-1.

FIG. 20F is an example of a waveform used to describe the operation of the aliasing module of FIGS. 20A and 20A-1.

FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating an extended signal receiving system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 22A is a diagram of example waveforms used to describe the system of FIG. 21.

FIG. 22B is a diagram of example waveforms used to describe the system of FIG. 21.

FIG. 22C is an example of a waveform used to describe the system of FIG. 21.

FIG. 22D is a diagram of an example of a waveform used to describe the system of FIG. 21.

FIG. 22E is a diagram of an example of a waveform used to describe the system of FIG. 21.

FIG. 22F is a diagram of example waveforms used to describe the system of FIG. 21.

FIG. 23A is a diagram illustrating an example of a transmitter in an extended signal receiving system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

23A and 23B are examples of waveforms used to further describe an extended signal receiving system according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 23C is an example of a waveform used to further describe an extended signal receiving system according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 23D is a diagram showing another example of the transmitter in the extension signal receiving system according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 23E is a diagram of an example waveform used to further describe an extended signal receiving system according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 23F is an example of a waveform used to further describe an extended signal receiving system according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 24A is a diagram illustrating an example of a receiver in an extended signal receiving system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 24B is an example of a waveform used to further describe an extended signal receiving system according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 24C is an example of a waveform used to further describe an extended signal receiving system according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 24D is an example of a waveform used to further describe an extended signal receiving system according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 24E is an example of a waveform used to further describe an extended signal receiving system according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 24F is an example of a waveform used to further describe an extended signal receiving system according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 24G is a diagram of an example waveform used to further describe an extended signal receiving system according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 24H is an example of a waveform used to further describe an extended signal receiving system according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 24I is an example of a waveform used to further describe an extended signal receiving system according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 24J is an example of a waveform used to further describe an extended signal receiving system according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 25 illustrates an environment comprising a telephone and a base station according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 26 is a view showing a positioning unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 27 is a diagram illustrating a communication network according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 28 is a diagram illustrating a communication network according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 29 illustrates a pager according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 30 illustrates a pager according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 31 is a diagram showing a security system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 32 is a diagram illustrating a repeater according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 33 is a diagram illustrating mobile radio according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 34 illustrates an environment including satellite communications according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 35 is a diagram showing a computer and its peripheral devices according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 36 is a diagram showing a house control device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 37 is a diagram showing a house control device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 38 is a diagram showing a house control device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 39 is a diagram illustrating an example of an automobile according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 40A illustrates an example of an aircraft according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 40B is a diagram showing an example of a boat according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 41 is a diagram showing a wireless control device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 42A is a diagram showing an example of a frequency band operable in the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 42B is a diagram showing an example of a frequency band operable in the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 42C is a diagram showing an example of a frequency band operable in the embodiment of the present invention.

42D is a diagram illustrating an example of a frequency band that can be operated in the embodiment of the present invention, and is a diagram illustrating the orientation of FIGS. 42A to 42C (parts in FIGS. 42A to 42C are illustrated for illustrative purposes). Duplicated).

FIG. 43 is a diagram showing an example of a wireless synchronous timepiece according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 44 illustrates a wireless example according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 45A is a diagram showing an example of a switch module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 45B is a diagram showing an example of a switch module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 45C is a diagram showing an example of a switch module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 45D is a diagram illustrating an example of a switch module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 46A is a diagram illustrating an example of an aperture generator.

FIG. 46B is a diagram showing an example of an aperture generator.

FIG. 46C is a diagram illustrating an example of an aperture generator.

FIG. 46D is a diagram illustrating an example of an aperture generator.

FIG. 46E illustrates an oscillator according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 47 illustrates an energy transfer system with an optional energy transfer signal module according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 48 illustrates an aliasing module with input / output impedance matching, according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 49A is a diagram illustrating an example of a pulse generator.

FIG. 49B is a diagram showing an example of a waveform related to the pulse generator of FIG. 49A.

FIG. 49C is a diagram showing an example of a waveform related to the pulse generator of FIG. 49A.

FIG. 50 illustrates an example of an energy transfer module including a switch module and a reaction storage module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 51A shows an example of an energy transfer system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 51B is a diagram illustrating an example of an energy transfer system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 52A is a diagram illustrating an example of an energy transfer signal module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 52B is a view illustrating a flowchart of the operation of the state machine according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 52C is a diagram showing an example of the energy transfer signal module.

FIG. 53 illustrates a 915 MHZ using a 101.1 MHz clock, according to one embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a circuit for down-converting a z signal into a 5 MHz signal.

FIG. 54 illustrates a simulation waveform for the circuit of FIG. 53, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 55 is a circuit diagram of a circuit for down-converting a 915 MHz signal to a 5 MHz signal using a 101 MHz clock, according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 56 illustrates a simulation waveform for the circuit of FIG. 55, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 57 illustrates a 915 MHZ using a 101.1 MHz clock, according to one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a circuit for down-converting a z signal into a 5 MHz signal.

FIG. 58 illustrates simulated waveforms for the circuit of FIG. 57, according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 59 is a schematic diagram of the circuit of FIG. 53 connected to an FSK source that alternates between 913 MHz and 917 MHz at a baud rate of 500 K baud, according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 60A illustrates an example of an energy transfer system according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 60B shows an example timing diagram of the example system of FIG. 60A.

FIG. 60C illustrates an example timing diagram of the example system of FIG. 60A.

FIG. 61 is a diagram illustrating an example of a bypass network according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 62 is a diagram illustrating an example of a bypass network according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 63 is a diagram showing an example of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 64A is a diagram showing an example of a real-time aperture control circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 64B shows a timing diagram of an example of a clock signal for real-time aperture control according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 64C shows a timing diagram of an example of an optional enable signal for real-time aperture control according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 64D shows a timing diagram of an inverted clock signal for real-time aperture control according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 64E shows a timing diagram of an example of a delayed clock signal for real-time aperture control according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 64F shows a timing diagram of an example of energy transfer, including a pulse with an aperture controlled in real time, according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 65 is a diagram showing an example of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 66 is a diagram showing an example of one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 67 is a diagram showing an example of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 68 is a diagram showing an example of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 69A is a timing diagram of an example of the embodiment of FIG. 65.

FIG. 69B is a timing diagram of an example of the embodiment of FIG. 66.

FIG. 70A is a timing diagram of an example of the embodiment of FIG. 67.

FIG. 70B is a timing diagram of an example of the embodiment of FIG. 68.

FIG. 71A is a diagram showing an example of one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 71B is a diagram showing an expression for determining charge transfer according to the present invention.

FIG. 71C illustrates the relationship between capacitor charging and aperture according to the present invention.

FIG. 71D illustrates the relationship between capacitor charging and aperture according to the present invention.

Fig. 71E is a diagram showing a power-charge relational expression according to the present invention.

FIG. 71F illustrates an insertion loss equation according to the present invention.

FIG. 72 is a diagram showing an original FSK waveform 5902 and a down-converted waveform 5904.

[Procedure amendment 6]

[Document name to be amended] Drawing

[Correction target item name] All figures

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

FIG. 1A

FIG. 1B

FIG. 1C

FIG. 1D

FIG. 2

FIG. 3

FIG. 4

FIG. 5

FIG. 6A

FIG. 6B

FIG. 6C

FIG. 6D

FIG. 6E

FIG. 6F

FIG. 6G

FIG. 6H

FIG. 6I

FIG. 7

FIG. 8

FIG. 9

FIG. 10

FIG. 11

FIG.

FIG. 13

FIG. 14

FIG. 15A

FIG. 15B

FIG. 15C

FIG. 15D

FIG. 15E

FIG. 15F

FIG. 16

FIG.

FIG.

FIG.

FIG. 20A

FIG. 20A-1

FIG. 20B

FIG. 20C

FIG. 20D

FIG. 20E

FIG. 20F

FIG. 21

FIG. 22A

FIG. 22B

FIG. 22C

FIG. 22D

FIG. 22E

FIG. 22F

FIG. 23A

FIG. 23B

FIG. 23C

FIG. 23D

FIG. 23E

FIG. 23F

FIG. 24A

FIG. 24B

FIG. 24C

FIG. 24D

FIG. 24E

FIG. 24F

FIG. 24G

FIG. 24H

FIG. 24I

FIG. 24J

FIG. 25

FIG. 26

FIG. 27

FIG. 28

FIG. 29

FIG.

FIG. 31

FIG. 32

FIG. 33

FIG. 34

FIG. 35

FIG. 36

FIG. 37

FIG. 38

FIG. 39

FIG. 40A

FIG. 40B

FIG. 41

FIG. 42A

FIG. 42B

FIG. 42C

FIG. 42D

FIG. 43

FIG. 44

FIG. 45A

FIG. 45B

FIG. 45C

FIG. 45D

FIG. 46A

FIG. 46B

FIG. 46C

FIG. 46D

FIG. 46E

FIG. 47

FIG. 48

FIG. 49A

FIG. 49B

FIG. 49C

FIG. 50

FIG. 51A

FIG. 51B

FIG. 52A

FIG. 52B

FIG. 52C

FIG. 53

FIG. 54

FIG. 55

FIG. 56

FIG. 57

FIG. 58

FIG. 59

FIG. 60A

FIG. 60B

FIG. 60C

FIG. 61

FIG. 62

FIG. 63

FIG. 64A

FIG. 64B

FIG. 64C

FIG. 64D

FIG. 64E

FIG. 64F

FIG. 65

FIG. 66

FIG. 67

FIG. 68

FIG. 69A

FIG. 69B

FIG. 70A

FIG. 70B

FIG. 71A

FIG. 71B

FIG. 71C

FIG. 71D

FIG. 71E

FIG. 71F

FIG. 72

[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] April 10, 2001 (2001.4.1.10)

[Procedure amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Drawing

[Correction target item name] FIG.

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

FIG.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme court ゛ (Reference) H04Q 9/00 301 H04Q 9/00 301D 311 311T 341 341B (31) Priority claim number 09 / 261,129 ( 32) Priority date March 3, 1999 (March 3, 1999) (33) Priority claim country United States (US) (31) Priority claim number 09/293, 095 (32) Priority date 1999 (16) April 16, 1999 (33) Priority country United States (US) (31) Priority claim number 09 / 293,342 (32) Priority date April 16, 1999 (April 1999) 16) (33) Priority country United States (US) (81) Designated country EP (AT, BE, CH, CY, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, IE, IT, LU, MC , NL, PT, SE), OA (BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, GW, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG), AP (GH, GM, KE, LS, MW, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, UG, ZW), EA (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU, TJ, TM), AE, AL, AM, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BR, BY, CA, CH, CN, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, EE, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP , KE, KG, KP, KR, KZ, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LV, MA, MD, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, NO, NZ, PL, PT, RO, RU, SD, SE, SG, SI, SK, SL, TJ, TM, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, UZ, VN, YU, ZA, ZW (72) Inventor Baltman Michael Jay. United States 32246 Jacksonville, Florida Aztec Drive West 2244 (72) Inventor Cook Robert W. United States 32259 Switzerland, Florida Roberts Road 1432 (72) Luke Richard C. Inventor. United States 32223 Jacksonville, Florida Ricky Drive 3170 (72) Inventor Moses Charlie Dee. Junior United States 32217 Jacksonville, Florida Naranja Drive 4314 (72) Inventor Rawlins Michael Double. United States 32746 Lake Mary, Florida Brightview Drive 665 (72) Inventor Rawlins Gregory S. United States 32746 Lake Mary, Florida Leslie Lane 299 F-term (Reference) 5K020 CC01 CC03 CC04 DD01 FF02 FF04 HH13 5K048 BA02 BA12 CA13 DB01 DC01 DC07 EB02 EB04 EB05 EB11 HA04 HA06 5K060 BB07 CC04 DD04 DD05 FF03 FF11 LL11

Claims (68)

[Claims] A general-purpose frequency translator, (a) a telephone, (b) a communication base station, (c) a positioning unit, (d) a data communication device, (e) a pager, and (f) a security system. (G) a repeater; (h) a mobile radio; (i) a satellite communication system; (j) a command and control unit; (k) a radio control device; Means for operating the UFT in at least one of (a) to (l) to perform at least a frequency translation operation. 2. An apparatus comprising at least one universal frequency down-conversion module. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, further comprising at least one universal frequency up-conversion module. 4. The at least one universal frequency down conversion module, comprising: an energy transfer signal generator; a switch module controlled by the energy transfer signal generator; and a storage module coupled to the switch module. 2
An apparatus according to claim 1. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein said at least one said respective universal frequency down conversion module further comprises an input impedance matching circuit coupled to an input of said at least one said respective universal frequency down conversion module. . 6. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein said at least one each said universal frequency down conversion module further comprises an output impedance matching circuit coupled to an output of said at least one said universal frequency down conversion module. . 7. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein said switch module is coupled between an input of said at least one said universal frequency down conversion module and said storage module. 8. The at least one each of the universal frequency down conversion modules, further comprising a tank circuit coupled between an input of the at least one of the at least one universal frequency down conversion module and the switch module. An apparatus according to claim 1. 9. The at least one each general-purpose frequency down-conversion module further includes a feed-forward circuit in parallel with the switch module.
The device according to claim 4. 10. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the storage module is coupled between an input of the at least one of each of the universal frequency down-conversion modules and the switch module. 11. The at least one respective universal frequency down-conversion module is tuned to at least one frequency greater than 1 gigahertz.
An apparatus according to claim 1. 12. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein said at least one said each universal frequency down-conversion module is tuned to at least one frequency between 10 megahertz and 10 gigahertz. 13. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein said energy transfer signal generator comprises an asynchronous energy transfer signal generator. 14. The at least one general-purpose frequency up-conversion module, wherein the at least one general-purpose frequency up-conversion module is a switch module that receives an oscillating signal, and the oscillating signal gates the switch module to generate a periodic signal having a plurality of harmonics. The apparatus of claim 3, comprising: a switch module for generating; and a filter coupled to the switch module for separating at least one of the plurality of harmonics. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the switch module gates a bias signal, the bias signal is a function of an information signal, and the amplitude of the periodic signal is a function of the bias signal. 16. The oscillation signal is a modulated oscillation signal, the periodic signal is modulated substantially in the same manner as the modulated oscillation signal, and each of the plurality of harmonics is substantially equal to the periodic signal. 15. The device of claim 14, wherein the device is similarly modulated. 17. The modulated oscillating signal is a function of a first information signal,
17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the switch module gates a bias signal, the bias signal is a function of a second information signal, and the amplitude of the periodic signal is a function of the bias signal. 18. A handset including the at least one first general-purpose frequency up-conversion module and the at least one first general-purpose frequency down-conversion module, communicating with the handset via a wireless link, and at least one first 4. The apparatus of claim 3, further comprising a base unit including two universal frequency up-conversion modules and at least one second universal frequency down-conversion module. 19. The apparatus of claim 3, further comprising a telephone including said at least one universal frequency up-conversion module and said at least one universal frequency down-conversion module. 20. The apparatus according to claim 19, wherein said telephone is a mobile telephone or a satellite telephone. 21. The base station interfacing with a telephone over a wireless link, the base station further comprising a base station including the at least one universal frequency up-conversion module and the at least one universal frequency down-conversion module. An apparatus according to claim 3. 22. The positioning unit according to claim 2, further comprising a positioning unit for receiving positioning information from at least one satellite to determine a target position, said positioning unit including said at least one universal frequency down-conversion module. The described device. 23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein said positioning unit further comprises at least one universal frequency up-conversion module. 24. An interface coupled to the wired network and connecting the data processing device to the wired network via a wireless link, the interface coupled to the wired network, wherein the at least one universal frequency up-conversion module and the at least one The apparatus of claim 3, further comprising an interface including one universal frequency down conversion module to form a data communication network. 25. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said apparatus comprises a pager. 26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein said apparatus further comprises at least one universal frequency up-conversion module. 27. A monitor panel including the at least one first universal frequency up-conversion module and the at least one universal frequency down-conversion module, and at least one sensor transmitting an intrusion / danger event signal to the monitor panel. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein each sensor further comprises at least one sensor including at least one second universal frequency up-conversion module to form a security system. 28. The device according to claim 3, wherein said device comprises a repeater. 29. The device according to claim 2, wherein said device comprises mobile radio. 30. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein said apparatus further comprises at least one universal frequency up-conversion module. 31. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein said apparatus comprises a satellite unit. 32. The peripheral device further comprising: a peripheral device including the at least one universal frequency up-conversion module; and an interface including the at least one universal frequency down-conversion module, wherein the peripheral device includes a wireless medium. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the apparatus is in communication with a computer through a computer, and the interface is coupled to the computer. 33. The apparatus according to claim 32, wherein the peripheral device is a mouse, a keyboard, a monitor, or a storage device. 34. The apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising a wireless home control unit including the at least one general purpose frequency up-conversion module and the at least one general purpose frequency down-conversion module. An apparatus according to claim 1. 35. The apparatus of claim 34, wherein said wireless home control unit is a remote control unit. 36. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein said apparatus comprises a wireless interface for a home device. 37. The apparatus of claim 36, wherein the home device is a lamp, a television, a computer, a video recorder, an audio recorder, or an answering machine. 38. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein said apparatus comprises a home appliance device that can be accessed and controlled remotely. 39. The home appliance device is a lamp, television, computer, video recorder, audio recorder, answering machine, thermostat, garage door open, stereo, CD player, amplifier, tuner, video game, or wireless home device adapter. 39. The apparatus of claim 38. 40. The apparatus of claim 38, further comprising at least one universal frequency up-conversion module. 41. A home control unit including the at least one general-purpose frequency up-conversion module, and a home appliance including the at least one first general-purpose frequency down-conversion module, wherein the home control unit includes a wireless medium. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, further comprising a home appliance device in communication with the home control system. 42. The apparatus of claim 41, wherein said home control unit further comprises at least one second universal frequency down conversion module. 43. The apparatus of claim 42, wherein said consumer device further comprises at least one second universal frequency up-conversion module. 44. The home appliance device is a lamp, television, computer, video recorder, audio recorder, answering machine, thermostat, garage door open, stereo, CD player, amplifier, tuner, video game, or wireless home device adapter. 44. The apparatus of claim 43. 45. The apparatus of claim 44, wherein said home control unit is a remote control unit. 46. The apparatus, wherein the device is a wireless utility meter in communication with a utility, comprising: the at least one first universal frequency up-conversion module; and the at least one first universal frequency down-conversion module. Apparatus according to claim 3. 47. A plurality of intercoms communicating with each other via a wireless medium, each intercom including the at least one universal frequency up-conversion module and the at least one universal frequency down-conversion module. 4. The intercom communication system is configured by further comprising an intercom of claim 3.
An apparatus according to claim 1. 48. An interface for communicating with at least one external device via a wireless medium, the interface further comprising: the at least one universal frequency down-conversion module; and the at least one universal frequency up-conversion module. Apparatus according to claim 3, whereby the apparatus comprises an apparatus in a motor vehicle for communicating with an external device. 49. A device for communicating with a vehicle communication interface via a wireless medium, further comprising a device including the at least one universal frequency down-conversion module and the at least one universal frequency up-conversion module. Apparatus according to claim 3, comprising an apparatus for communicating with a motor vehicle. 50. The apparatus of claim 49, wherein said device is a gasoline pump or a toll booth. 51. A door lock, comprising: the at least one first general-purpose frequency down-conversion module; and the at least one first general-purpose frequency up-conversion module; Controlling by further including a keyless entry device in communication with the door lock, the keyless entry device including at least one second universal frequency down conversion module and at least one second universal frequency up conversion module 4. The device according to claim 3, which constitutes a possible door lock device. 52. An automotive controller, wherein the at least one first controller comprises:
A vehicle controller including the universal frequency down-conversion module, the at least one first universal frequency up-conversion module, and a control unit communicating with the vehicle controller via a wireless medium,
The apparatus for controlling a motor vehicle according to claim 3, further comprising a control unit including at least one second universal frequency down-conversion module and at least one second universal frequency up-conversion module. An apparatus according to claim 1. 53. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein said apparatus comprises a global positioning system unit in an aircraft. 54. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein said apparatus comprises an aircraft radio device. 55. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein said apparatus comprises a monitor on an aircraft. 56. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein said apparatus comprises a computer in an aircraft. 57. An aircraft controller, wherein the at least one first
A general-purpose frequency down-conversion module, an aircraft controller including the at least one first general-purpose frequency up-conversion module, and a control unit communicating with the aircraft controller via a wireless medium,
4. The apparatus for controlling an aircraft according to claim 3, further comprising at least one second general-purpose frequency down-conversion module and a control unit including at least one second general-purpose frequency up-conversion module. The described device. 58. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said apparatus comprises a global positioning system unit in a boat. 59. The device of claim 3, wherein said device comprises a boat radio. 60. The device of claim 3, wherein said device comprises a monitor on a boat. 61. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein said apparatus comprises a computer in a boat. 62. A boat controller, wherein the at least one first controller is a boat controller.
A boat controller including the at least one first universal frequency up-conversion module; and a control unit communicating with the boat controller via a wireless medium,
4. The apparatus for controlling a boat, further comprising a control unit including at least one second universal frequency down-conversion module and at least one second universal frequency up-conversion module. An apparatus according to claim 1. 63. An apparatus for wireless control, further comprising: a controller including the at least one general-purpose frequency up-conversion module; and a wireless control device including the at least one general-purpose frequency down-conversion module. An apparatus according to claim 3. 64. The controller further includes at least one second universal frequency down-conversion module, wherein the wireless control device includes at least one second universal frequency down-conversion module.
64. The apparatus of claim 63, further comprising: a universal frequency up-conversion module. 65. The apparatus of claim 64, wherein said wireless control device is an airplane, car, or boat. 66. A timer, comprising: a receiver including the at least one universal frequency down-conversion module; a time module for determining a current time from a first signal received by the receiver; 3. The apparatus of claim 2, further comprising a timer including a display for displaying the current time, thereby configuring the wireless synchronization time device. 67. A global positioning system module for determining a position from a second signal received by the receiver, wherein the time display includes a global positioning system module for displaying the determined position on the display. 67. The device of claim 66, further comprising: 68. The clock according to claim 66, wherein the clock is a computer clock, a television clock, a video cassette recorder clock, a wristwatch, a home clock, an office clock, an oven clock, or an appliance clock. The described device.