JP2002523070A - GABAB1AA receptor - Google Patents

Abstract

  (57) [Summary] Disclosed are GABAB1AA polypeptides and polynucleotides and methods for producing such polypeptides by recombinant techniques. Also disclosed are methods of using GABAB1AA polypeptides and polynucleotides for therapy, and diagnostic assays for such uses.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001] TECHNICAL FIELD THE INVENTION The present invention relates to newly identified polypeptides, polynucleotides encoding such polypeptides, agonists that may be effective in as well as therapeutic treatment, a compound which is an antagonist and / or inhibitor The present invention relates to the use of the polypeptide and the polynucleotide in the identification, and a method for producing the polypeptide and the polynucleotide.

[0002] The prior art drug discovery process is undergoing a radical change at present. Because it extends to "functional genomics", high-throughput (high-efficiency) genomic or gene-based biology. This approach is rapidly replacing a relatively early approach based on “positional cloning”. A phenotype, a biological function or genetic disease, has been identified,
Subsequently, the etiological gene was identified using the position of the genetic map as a clue.

[0003] Genomics functionality relies heavily on various bioinformatics tools to identify gene sequences that may be of interest from the many molecular biology databases currently available. There remains a need to identify and characterize additional genes and their related polypeptides / proteins as targets for drug discovery.

[0004] Many medically important biological processes involve proteins and / or second messengers (eg, cAM) involved in signaling pathways, including G proteins.
(P) is well known (Lefkowitz, Nature, 1991, 35
1: 353-354). In the present specification, these proteins are referred to as proteins involved in pathways involving G proteins, namely PPG proteins. Some examples of these proteins include receptors for adrenergic agonists and dopamine (Kobilka, BK et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1987, 84 : 46-50; Kobilka
BK et al., Science, 1987, 238: 650-656; Bunzow, JR et al., Nature, 1988, 336:
783-787), G proteins themselves, effector proteins (e.g., phospholipase C, adenyl cyclase, and phosphodiesterase), actuator proteins (e.g., protein kinase A and protein kinase C) (Simon,
GPC receptors such as those of MI et al., Science, 1991, 252: 802-8).

[0005] For example, in one form of signal transduction, the enzyme adenylate cyclase is activated in cells by the binding of hormones. Activation of this enzyme by hormones depends on the presence of nucleotide GTP. GTP also affects hormone binding. G proteins link hormone receptors to adenylate cyclase. When G protein is activated by hormone receptors, the bound GDP
Was shown to be exchanged for GTP. This GTP-carrying form then binds to the activated adenylate cyclase. The hydrolysis of GTP to GDP is catalyzed by the G protein itself, which returns to its inactive ground state. Thus, the G protein plays two roles, acting as an intermediate that passes the signal from the receptor to the effector and as a clock that controls the duration of the signal.

[0006] The membrane protein gene superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors has been characterized as having seven putative transmembrane domains. These domains are extracellular,
Alternatively, it may correspond to a transmembrane α-helix connected by a cytoplasmic loop. G protein-coupled receptors include many biologically active receptors such as hormones and viruses, growth factors and neuronal receptors.

[0007] G protein-coupled receptors (otherwise known as 7TM receptors) are seven conserved hydrophobic domains of about 20-30 amino acids that connect at least eight different hydrophilic loops. Has been characterized. The family of G protein-coupled receptors includes dopamine receptors that bind neuroleptics used in the treatment of psychosis and neuropathy. Other examples of members of this family include calcitonin, adrenaline, endothelin, cAMP, adenosine, muscarinic, acetylcholine, serotonin, histamine, thrombin, kinin, follicle-stimulating hormone, opsin, endothelial cell differentiation gene-1, rhodopsin, odorants, And the cytomegalovirus receptor.

Most G protein-coupled receptors contain conserved cysteine residues that form disulfide bonds, which are thought to stabilize the structure of functional proteins, in each of the first two extracellular loops. Have one. The seven transmembrane regions are TM1, TM
2, designated TM3, TM4, TM5, TM6, and TM7. TM3 is involved in signal transduction.

[0009] Phosphorylation and lipidation of cysteine residues (palmitoylation or farnesylation) can affect signaling of some G protein-coupled receptors. Most G protein-coupled receptors often contain phosphorylation sites within their third cytoplasmic loop and / or carboxy terminus. In some G protein-coupled receptors, such as the β-adrenergic receptor, phosphorylation by protein kinase A and / or specific receptor kinases mediates receptor desensitization.

In some receptors, the ligand binding site of a G protein-coupled receptor is a hydrophilic socket (soc) formed by several G protein-coupled receptor transmembrane domains.
ket), and this socket is believed to be surrounded by hydrophobic residues of the G protein-coupled receptor. It is hypothesized that the hydrophilic side of each G protein-coupled receptor transmembrane helix faces inward, forming a polar ligand binding site. TM3 has been involved in ligand binding at some G protein-coupled receptors because it has a ligand binding site such as a TM3 aspartic acid residue. TM5 serine, TM6 asparagine and TM6 or TM7 phenylalanine or tyrosine are also involved in ligand binding.

G protein-coupled receptors can bind intracellularly to various intracellular enzymes, ion channels and transporters via heterotrimeric G proteins (Johnson
Et al., Endoc. Rev., 1989, 10: 317-331). The α subunits of individual G proteins preferentially stimulate specific effectors to modulate various biological functions within a cell. Phosphorylation of cytoplasmic residues of G protein-coupled receptors has been identified as an important mechanism for regulating G protein coupling of some G protein-coupled receptors. G protein-coupled receptors have been found in numerous sites in mammalian hosts. Over the past 15 years, nearly 350 therapeutics targeting the seven transmembrane (7TM) receptor have been successfully marketed.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to GABAB1AA, particularly GABAB1AA polypeptides and polynucleotides, recombinant materials, and methods for producing the same. In different embodiments, the invention relates to bacterial, fungal, protozoan and viral infections, in particular HIV-1 or HIV.
Pain, cancer, diabetes, obesity; anorexia nervosa; bulimia; asthma; Parkinson's disease; acute heart failure; hypotension; hypertension; urinary retention; osteoporosis; angina; myocardial infarction; Stroke; ulcer; allergy; benign prostatic hyperplasia; migraine; vomiting; psychosis and nervous system disorders such as anxiety, schizophrenia, manic depression, depression, delirium, dementia, severe mental retardation; The present invention relates to a method for using the polypeptide and the polynucleotide, including the treatment of dyskinesia such as La Tourette syndrome (hereinafter collectively referred to as “the disease”). In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of identifying agonists and antagonists / inhibitors using the agents provided by the present invention, and the use of the identified compounds.
It relates to treating symptoms associated with GABAB1AA imbalance. In yet another embodiment, the present invention relates to diagnostic assays for detecting diseases associated with inappropriate GABAB1AA activity or levels.

[0013] In embodiments of the description one invention, the present invention relates to GABAB1AA polypeptide. This kind of peptide has at least 70% identity, preferably at least 80% identity, more preferably at least 90% identity, even more preferably to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 over the entire length of SEQ ID NO: 2. Comprises an isolated polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 95% identity, most preferably at least 97-99% identity. Such polypeptides include polypeptides consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2.

Other peptides of the invention have at least 70% identity, preferably at least 80% identity, more preferably at least 70% identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 over the entire length of SEQ ID NO: 2 Isolated polypeptides having at least 90% identity, more preferably at least 95% identity, and most preferably at least 97-99% identity are included. Such polypeptides include polypeptides consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2.

[0015] Further peptides of the invention include an isolated polypeptide encoded by a polynucleotide comprising the nucleotide sequence contained in SEQ ID NO: 1.

[0016] The polypeptides of the present invention are considered to be members of the GABAB family of polypeptides. Therefore, they are interesting. Because members of the purinergic 7TM receptor gene family are involved in the development of many biological signs and symptoms, the 7TM receptor family has better pharmaceutical intervention than any other gene family. This is because it is a great target. These properties are hereinafter referred to as "GABAB1AA activity" or "GABAB1AA polypeptide activity" or "GABAB1AA biological activity". These activities also include the antigenic and immunogenic activities of the GABAB1AA polypeptide, particularly the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2. Preferably, the polypeptides of the present invention exhibit at least one GABAB1AA biological activity.

The polypeptides of the invention may be in the form of the “mature” protein or may be part of a larger protein, such as a fusion protein. It is often advantageous to include additional amino acid sequences, such as secretory or leader sequences, prosequences, sequences that aid in purification such as multiple histidine residues, or during recombinant production. There are additional sequences to ensure stability.

[0018] Also, the present invention relates to a mutant of the above-mentioned polypeptide, that is, a polypeptide which differs from a reference polypeptide by conservative amino acid substitution (a certain residue is substituted by another residue having similar properties). include. Typical such substitutions are Ala, Val, Le
between u and Ile; between Ser and Thr; between the acidic residues Asp and Glu; between Asn and Gln; between the basic residues Lys and Arg; or between the aromatic residues Phe and Tyr. In particular, a mutant in which several, 5 to 10, 1 to 5, 1 to 3, 1 to 2, or 1 amino acids are substituted, deleted, or added in any combination is preferable.

The polypeptide of the present invention can be produced by any appropriate method. Such polypeptides include isolated natural polypeptides, recombinantly produced polypeptides, synthetically produced polypeptides, or polypeptides produced by a combination of these methods. It is. The means for producing such polypeptides are well understood in the art.

[0020] In a further aspect, the present invention relates to GABAB1AA polynucleotides. Such a polynucleotide has at least 70% identity, preferably at least 80% identity, more preferably at least 90% identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 over the entire length of SEQ ID NO: 2, Preferably, an isolated polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding a polypeptide having at least 95% identity is included. At least 97% in this regard
Are more preferred, those with at least 98-99% identity are even more preferred, and those with at least 99% identity are most preferred. Such polynucleotides include polynucleotides comprising the nucleotide sequence contained in SEQ ID NO: 1 encoding the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2.

[0021] A further polynucleotide of the invention comprises at least 70% of the nucleotide sequence encoding the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2 over its entire coding region.
Identity, preferably at least 80% identity, more preferably at least 9%
An isolated polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence having 0% identity, more preferably at least 95% identity, is included. In this regard, polynucleotides having at least 97% identity are more preferred, while those with at least 98-99% identity are even more preferred, and those with at least 99% identity are most preferred. .

Further polynucleotides of the invention include SEQ ID NO: 1 over the entire length of SEQ ID NO: 1.
A nucleotide sequence having at least 70% identity, preferably at least 80% identity, more preferably at least 90% identity, even more preferably at least 95% identity to a polynucleotide of Isolated polynucleotides are included. In this regard, polynucleotides having at least 97% identity are more preferred, while those with at least 98-99% identity are even more preferred, and those with at least 99% identity are most preferred. . Such polynucleotides include a polynucleotide comprising the polynucleotide of SEQ ID NO: 1 and a polynucleotide of SEQ ID NO: 1.

The present invention also provides polynucleotides that are complementary to all of the above polynucleotides.

The nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 shows homology with GABAB1a. The nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 is the cDNA sequence and the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2 is 960
A polypeptide encoding sequence (nucleotide numbers 1-2880) encoding a polypeptide consisting of 10 amino acids. The nucleotide sequence encoding the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2 is identical to the polypeptide coding sequence contained in SEQ ID NO: 1,
Due to the redundancy (degeneracy) of the genetic code, a sequence other than the sequence contained in SEQ ID NO: 1, which also encodes the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2, may be used. The polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2 is structurally related to other proteins of the GABAB family that have homology and / or structural similarity to GABAB1a.

Preferred polypeptides and polynucleotides of the present invention are expected to have, among other things, similar biological functions / properties as the polypeptides and polynucleotides homologous thereto. Further, preferred polypeptides and polynucleotides of the present invention have at least one GABAB1AA activity.

The polynucleotides of the present invention may be derived from cDNA derived from mRNA in human brain and human fetal brain cells by standard cloning and screening techniques.
From the library, EST analysis (Adams, MD et al., Science (1991) 252: 1651-165)
6; Adams, MD et al., Nature (1992) 355: 632-634; Adams, MD et al., Nature (1995
377 Supp: 3-174). In addition, the polynucleotide of the present invention can be obtained from a natural source such as a genomic DNA library, and can also be synthesized using a commercially available well-known technique.

When a polynucleotide of the present invention is used for recombinant production of a polypeptide of the present invention, the polynucleotide may include the coding sequence for the mature polypeptide alone, or another coding sequence (eg, a leader or secretory sequence). Sequence, sequence encoding a pre- or pro- or pre-pro-protein sequence, or other fusion peptide portion) in the same reading frame. For example, a marker sequence that facilitates purification of the fusion polypeptide can be encoded. In a preferred embodiment of this aspect of the invention, the marker sequence is provided by the pQE vector (Qiagen, Inc.) and Gentz et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
(1989) 86: 821-824, a hexa-histidine peptide, or an HA tag. The polynucleotide may also include 5 'and 3' non-coding sequences, for example, transcribed but not translated sequences, splicing and polyadenylation signals, ribosome binding sites, and mRNA stabilizing sequences.

Further specific examples of the present invention include several, for example, 5 to 10, 1 to 5, 1 to 3,
There is a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide variant comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, wherein one, two, or one amino acid residue is substituted, deleted or added in any combination. .

A polynucleotide that is identical or sufficiently identical to the nucleotide sequence contained in SEQ ID NO: 1 can be used to isolate full length cDNA and genomic clones encoding a polypeptide of the present invention. To isolate cDNA and genomic clones of other genes with high sequence similarity to, including homologues from non-human species and genes encoding orthologs,
It can be used as a hybridization probe for DNA and genomic DNA, or as a primer for a nucleic acid amplification (PCR) reaction. Typically,
These nucleotide sequences are 70%, preferably 80%, of the reference nucleotide sequence.
%, More preferably 90%, and most preferably 95%. Probes or primers usually contain 15 or more nucleotides, preferably 30 or more, and may have 50 or more nucleotides. Particularly preferred probes are those having a range of 30 to 50 nucleotides.

The polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide of the present invention (including homologues and orthologs derived from species other than human) can be stringent using a labeled probe having the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or a fragment thereof. It is obtained by a method comprising the steps of screening an appropriate library under hybridization conditions and isolating a full-length cDNA and a genomic clone containing the polynucleotide sequence. Such hybridization techniques are well-known to those skilled in the art. Preferred stringent hybridization conditions are 50% formamide, 5 × SSC
(150 mM NaCl, 15 mM trisodium citrate), 50 mM sodium phosphate (pH 7.6),
Incubate overnight at 42 ° C. in a solution containing 5 × Denhardt solution, 10% dextran sulfate and 20 μg / ml denatured sheared salmon sperm DNA, then wash the filters at about 65 ° C. in 0.1 × SSC. Thus, the present invention also includes a polynucleotide obtained by screening an appropriate library under stringent hybridization conditions using a labeled probe having the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or a fragment thereof.

As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the isolated cDNA sequence will often be incomplete, since in many cases the region encoding the polypeptide is truncated at the 5 ′ end of its cDNA. Would. It is due to reverse transcriptase, which originally has a low "processivity" (a measure of the enzyme's ability to remain attached to the template during the polymerization reaction), and the mRNA template during first strand cDNA synthesis. DNA copy cannot be completed.

There are several methods known and available to those skilled in the art for obtaining full-length cDNAs or elongating short-chain cDNAs, such as the rapid cDNA end amplification method (R
ACE) (see, eg, Frohman et al., PNAS USA 85, 8998-9002,
1988). Recent improvements in the above techniques, as demonstrated, for example, by Marathon ^™ technology (Clontech Laboratories Inc.), have greatly simplified the search for longer cDNAs. With Marathon ^™ technology, mRNA extracted from a given tissue
And an "adapter" sequence is ligated to each end. Subsequently, nucleic acid amplification (PCR) is performed using a combination of gene-specific and adapter-specific oligonucleotide primers to amplify the "deleted" 5 'end of the cDNA. next,
"Nested" primers, ie, primers designed to anneal inside the amplification product (typically an adapter-specific primer that anneals further 3 'to the adapter sequence and an additional 5' to the known gene sequence The PCR reaction is repeated using the gene-specific primers. The product of this reaction is then analyzed by DNA sequencing and the product is directly linked to the existing cDNA to complete the sequence, or another full-length sequence using new sequence information for 5 'primer design. By performing PCR, a full-length cDNA can be constructed.

[0033] The recombinant polypeptides of the present invention can be produced from genetically engineered host cells containing the expression system using methods well known in the art. Thus, in a further aspect, the present invention relates to an expression system containing one or more polynucleotides of the present invention, a host cell engineered with said expression system, and the production of a polypeptide of the present invention by recombinant methods. Cell-free translation systems can also be used to produce such proteins using RNA derived from the DNA constructs of the present invention.

For recombinant production, host cells are genetically engineered to incorporate the polynucleotide expression system of the present invention or portions thereof. Introduction of polynucleotides into host cells is described in Davis et al., Basic Methods in Molecular Biology (1986) and Sambro.
ok et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2nd Ed., Cold Spring Harbo
r Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (1989) and many other standard laboratory manuals. Suitable such methods include, for example, calcium phosphate transfection, DEAE-dextran mediated transfection, transvection, microinjection, cationic lipid mediated transfection, electroporation, transduction, scrape loading, bullet loading. Introduction (b
allistic introduction) or infection.

Representative examples of suitable hosts include bacterial cells (eg, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, E. coli, Streptomyces, Bacillus subtilis), fungal cells (eg, yeast, Aspergillus), insect cells (eg, Drosophila S2) , Spodoptera Sf9)
, Animal cells (eg, CHO, COS, HeLa, C127, 3T3, BHK, HEK
293, Bowes melanoma cells) and plant cells.

[0036] A wide variety of expression systems can be used. Such expression systems include, for example,
Systems derived from chromosomes, episomes and viruses, such as bacterial plasmids, bacteriophages, transposons, yeast episomes, insertion factors, yeast chromosomal elements, viruses (eg, baculovirus, papovavirus such as SV40, vaccinia virus , Adenovirus, fowlpox virus,
Pseudorabies virus, retrovirus) and vectors derived from combinations thereof, for example, those derived from plasmid and bacteriophage genetic elements such as cosmids and phagemids. These expression systems may contain control regions that regulate as well as cause expression. Typically,
Any system or vector capable of maintaining, augmenting, and expressing a polynucleotide for production of a polypeptide in a host may be used. Sambrook et al., Molecu
The appropriate nucleotide sequence can be inserted into the expression system by any of the commonly used and well-known techniques, such as those described in the lar Cloning: A Laboratory Manual (supra). Appropriate secretion signals can be incorporated into the polypeptide of interest to secrete the translated protein into the endoplasmic reticulum lumen, into the periplasmic space, or into the extracellular environment. These signals may be endogenous to the polypeptide of interest or heterologous signals.

When it is desired to express a polypeptide of the invention for use in a screening assay, it is generally preferred that the polypeptide be produced on the surface of cells. If so, the cells are harvested prior to use in the screening assay. If the polypeptide is secreted into the medium, the medium is recovered to recover and purify the polypeptide. If produced intracellularly, it is necessary to first lyse the cell and then recover the polypeptide.

For recovering and purifying the polypeptide of the present invention from the recombinant cell culture, ammonium sulfate or ethanol precipitation, acid extraction, anion or cation exchange chromatography, phosphocellulose chromatography, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, affinity Well-known methods can be used, including chromatography, hydroxylapatite chromatography and lectin chromatography. Most preferably, high performance liquid chromatography is used for purification. When the polypeptide is denatured during intracellular synthesis, isolation and / or purification, it is possible to restore the active conformation using well-known techniques for regenerating the protein.

The present invention also relates to the use of the polynucleotide of the present invention as a diagnostic. Detection of a variant of a gene characterized by a polynucleotide of SEQ ID NO: 1 associated with a dysfunction is useful for diagnosing a disease caused by under-expression, over-expression or altered expression of the gene or susceptibility to the disease. It will provide a diagnostic tool that can be added or diagnosed. Individuals with mutations in the gene can be found at the DNA level by various techniques.

Diagnostic nucleic acids can be obtained from cells of a subject, such as cells from blood, urine, saliva, tissue biopsy or autopsy material. Genomic DNA may be used directly for detection, or may be enzymatically amplified using PCR or other amplification methods prior to analysis. RNA or cDNA can be used in a similar manner. Deletions and insertions can be detected by a change in the size of the amplified product when compared to the normal genotype. Point mutations can be identified by hybridizing the amplified DNA with a labeled GABAB1AA nucleotide sequence. Perfectly matched sequences and mismatched duplexes can be distinguished by RNase digestion or by differences in melting temperatures. Also,
DNA sequence differences can also be detected by changes in the electrophoretic mobility of the DNA fragments on gels, with or without denaturing agents, or by direct DNA sequencing (see, eg, Myers et al., Science (1985) 230: 1242). Sequence changes at specific locations can be detected by nuclease protection assays (eg, RNase and S1).
Protection) or by chemical cleavage (Cotton et al., Proc.
Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1985) 85: 4397-4401). In another embodiment, an array of oligonucleotide probes comprising a GABAB1AA nucleotide sequence or a fragment thereof, for example, to perform efficient screening for genetic mutations.
Can be constructed. Array techniques are well known, have general applicability, and have been used to solve various molecular genetics problems, including gene expression, genetic linkage and genetic variability (see, for example, M. Chee et al., Science, Vol. 74, pp
.610-613 (1996)).

The diagnostic assay is performed by detecting a mutation in the GABAB1AA gene according to the method described above.
A method is provided for diagnosing or determining susceptibility to the disease. In addition, the disease can be diagnosed by a method of measuring an abnormal decrease or increase in the level of polypeptide or mRNA from a sample obtained from a subject. Decreased or increased expression can be determined by methods known in the art for quantifying polynucleotides, such as nucleic acid amplification (
Examples: PCR, RT-PCR), RNase protection, Northern blotting, and other hybridization methods can be used to measure at the RNA level. Assays that can be used to determine levels of a protein, such as a polypeptide of the present invention, in a sample obtained from a host are well-known to those of skill in the art. Such assays include radioimmunoassays, competitive binding assays,
Western blot analysis, ELISA assay and the like.

Thus, in another embodiment, the present invention provides: (a) a polynucleotide of the present invention (preferably the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1) or a fragment thereof, (b) complementary to the nucleotide sequence of (a). (C) an antibody against the polypeptide of the present invention (preferably, the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2) or a fragment thereof, or (d) an antibody against the polypeptide of the present invention (preferably, the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2), And a diagnostic kit comprising:

It will be appreciated that in such a kit, (a), (b), (c) or (d) is a substantial component. Such a kit may comprise a disease or a susceptibility to a disease, in particular bacterial, fungal, protozoan and viral infections, in particular HIV-1 or HIV-2
Infections such as those caused by; pain; cancer; diabetes, obesity; anorexia nervosa;
Hyperphagia; asthma; Parkinson's disease; acute heart failure; hypotension; hypertension; urinary retention; osteoporosis; angina; myocardial infarction; stroke; ulcers; It is useful in diagnosing depression, depression, delirium, dementia, severe mental retardation and other psychiatric and nervous system disorders; and motor abnormalities such as Huntington's disease or Jill de la Tourette syndrome.

[0044] The nucleotide sequence of the present invention is also useful for chromosome identification. This sequence can specifically target a particular location on an individual human chromosome and hybridize to that particular location. Creating a chromosomal map of related sequences according to the present invention is an important first step in correlating these sequences with gene-related diseases. Once a sequence has been mapped to a precise chromosomal location, the physical location of that sequence on that chromosome can be correlated with genetic map data. This type of data is described, for example, in V. McKusick, Mendelian Inheritance in Man (Johns Hopki
(available online at ns University Welch Medical Library). Thereafter, the relationship between the gene mapped to the same chromosomal region and the disease is confirmed by linkage analysis (co-inheritance of physically adjacent genes).

[0045] Differences in the cDNA or genomic sequence between affected and unaffected individuals can also be determined. If a mutation is observed in some or all of the affected individuals but not in any normal individuals, then the mutation may be responsible for the disease.

The polypeptide of the present invention, a fragment or an analog thereof, or a cell expressing the same can also be used as an immunogen for producing an antibody immunospecific for the polypeptide of the present invention. By "immunospecific" is meant that the antibody exhibits a substantially higher affinity for the polypeptides of the present invention than its affinity for other related polypeptides in the prior art.

Antibodies against the polypeptides of the present invention can be prepared in an animal (using conventional protocols).
(Preferably a non-human animal) by administering a fragment, analog or cell containing the polypeptide or epitope. For preparation of monoclonal antibodies, any technique which provides antibodies produced by continuous cell line cultures can be used. For example, the hybridoma method (Kohler, G. and Milstein, C., Nature (
1975) 256: 495-497), trioma method, human B cell hybridoma method (Kozbor et al.,
Immunology Today (1983) 4:72) and the EBV-hybridoma method (Cole et al., Mo.
noclonal Antibodies and Cancer Therapy, pp.77-96, Alan R. Liss, Inc., 19
85).

To generate single chain antibodies to a polypeptide of the invention, US Pat. No. 4,946,
Methods for preparing single chain antibodies as described in US Pat. No. 778 can be adapted. Also, transgenic mice or other organisms, including other mammals, can be used to express humanized antibodies.

Using the above-mentioned antibodies, a clone expressing the polypeptide can be isolated and identified, or the polypeptide can be purified by affinity chromatography.

[0050] Antibodies to the polypeptides of the invention may be used, inter alia, for the treatment of the aforementioned diseases.

In a further aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a polypeptide of the present invention or a fragment thereof and a variety of constant regions of immunoglobulin H or L chains of various subclasses (IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE). And a genetically engineered soluble fusion protein comprising: The immunoglobulin is preferably the constant part of the heavy chain of human IgG, especially IgG1, in which case the fusion takes place in the hinge region. In certain instances, the Fc portion can be easily removed by incorporating a cleavage sequence that can be cleaved by blood coagulation factor Xa. Furthermore, the invention relates to methods for the genetic engineering of these fusion proteins and their use in drug screening, diagnosis and therapy. A further aspect of the present invention relates to a polynucleotide encoding such a fusion protein. Examples of fusion protein technology are described in International Patent Application WO94 / 2945
8 and WO94 / 22914.

A further aspect of the invention relates to a method of eliciting an immunological response in a mammal,
The method comprises inoculating a mammal with an antibody and / or a polypeptide of the invention sufficient to generate a T cell immune response, particularly to protect the animal from the disease. Yet another aspect of the invention directs the expression of a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide of the invention in vivo to elicit an immunological response that produces antibodies that protect the mammal from the disease. A method of eliciting an immunological response in a mammal, comprising providing the polypeptide via a vector.

A further aspect of the present invention relates to immunological / vaccine formulations (compositions) which, when introduced into a mammalian host, elicit an immunological response against the polypeptide of the invention in the mammal. Contains a polypeptide or polynucleotide of the invention. The vaccine formulation may further comprise a suitable carrier. Since the polypeptide may be broken down in the stomach, it is preferably administered parenterally (eg, by subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous or intradermal injection). Formulations suitable for parenteral administration include sterile aqueous and non-aqueous injections, which may contain antioxidants, buffers, bacteriostats and solutes which render the formulation isotonic with the blood of the recipient, and suspensions. There are aqueous and non-aqueous sterile suspensions which may contain agents or thickeners. Such formulations may be presented in single or multi-dose containers (eg, sealed ampules and vials) and may also be stored in a lyophilized condition which requires only the addition of a sterile liquid carrier immediately before use. it can. The vaccine formulation may include an adjuvant system to enhance the immunogenicity of the formulation, such as an oil-in-water adjuvant system or other adjuvant systems known in the art. The dose varies with the specific activity of the vaccine, but can be easily determined by routine experimentation.

[0054] The polypeptides of the present invention are involved in a variety of biological functions, including a number of pathological conditions, particularly the aforementioned diseases. Therefore, it is desirable to develop screening methods that identify compounds that stimulate or suppress the function of this polypeptide. Thus, in a further aspect, the present invention provides a method of screening compounds to identify compounds that stimulate or suppress the polypeptide. In general,
Agonists or antagonists are used for the purpose of treating and preventing the above diseases. Compounds can be identified from a variety of sources, such as mixtures of cells, cell-free preparations, chemical libraries and natural products. The agonist, antagonist or inhibitor so identified may optionally be a natural or modified substrate, ligand, receptor, enzyme, etc., of the polypeptide, and its structural or functional mimetic. (Coligan et al., C
urrent Protocols in Immunology 1 (2): Chapter 5 (1991)).

In the screening method, binding of the candidate compound to the polypeptide of the present invention, or a cell or membrane carrying the polypeptide, or a fusion protein thereof is performed using a label directly or indirectly bound to the candidate compound. And easy to measure. Alternatively, the screening method may use competition with a labeled competitor.
Furthermore, such screening methods can test whether a candidate compound results in a signal resulting from activation or suppression of the polypeptide, using a detection system suitable for cells carrying the polypeptide. . Generally, inhibitors of activation are assayed in the presence of a known agonist to determine the effect of the presence of the candidate compound on activation by the agonist. Constitutively active polypeptides are used in screening methods for inverse agonists or inhibitors by examining whether a candidate compound inhibits activation of a polypeptide in the absence of an agonist or inhibitor. In addition, these screening methods
It simply involves mixing the candidate compound and the solution containing the polypeptide of the present invention to form a mixture, measuring GABAB1AA activity in the mixture, and comparing the GABAB1AA activity of the mixture to a standard. In high-throughput screening assays to identify antagonists of the polypeptides of the invention, fusion proteins such as those made from the Fc portion and GABAB1AA polypeptides described above can also be used (D. Bennett et al., J. Mol. Recognition, 8: 52-58 (199
5) and K. Johanson et al., J. Biol. Chem., 270 (16): 9459-9471 (1995)).

One of the screening techniques is a method for measuring a change in extracellular pH or intracellular calcium caused by activation of a receptor.
For example, transfected CHO cells). In this technique, the compound may be contacted with a cell expressing the receptor polypeptide of the invention. Then
A second messenger response, such as a signal transduction, a change in pH, or a change in calcium levels is measured to determine whether the candidate compound activates or inhibits the receptor.

Another method involves screening for receptor inhibitors by measuring inhibition or stimulation of receptor-mediated cAMP and / or adenylate cyclase accumulation. Such methods include transfecting a eukaryotic cell with a receptor of the invention to express the receptor on the cell surface. The cells are then exposed to a candidate antagonist in the presence of the receptor of the invention. Thereafter, the amount of cAMP accumulation is measured. When a candidate antagonist binds to the receptor, receptor binding is inhibited and receptor mediated
The level of cAMP or adenylate cyclase decreases or increases. Another method for detecting an agonist or antagonist of the receptor of the present invention is the yeast-based technique described in US Pat. No. 5,482,835.

In addition, using the polynucleotide, polypeptide or antibody against the polypeptide of the present invention, a screening method for detecting the effect of an additional compound on the production of mRNA or polypeptide in cells may be assembled. it can. For example, using a monoclonal or polyclonal antibody by standard methods known in the art to determine the level of polypeptide secretion or cell binding
ISA assays can be constructed, which can be used to search for substances (also referred to as antagonists or agonists, respectively) that suppress or enhance the production of polypeptides from appropriately engineered cells or tissues.

[0059] If membrane-bound or soluble receptors are present, the polypeptides of the invention can be used to identify such receptors by standard receptor binding methods known in the art. Can be used. Such receptor binding methods include, but are not limited to, ligand binding assays and cross-linking assays, in which the polypeptide is labeled with a radioactive isotope (eg, ¹²⁵ I) or chemically modified (eg, ¹²⁵ I). Eg, biotinylated) or fused to a peptide sequence suitable for detection and purification and incubated with a putative receptor source (cells, cell membranes, cell supernatants, tissue extracts, body fluids, etc.). Other methods include biophysical methods such as surface plasmon resonance and spectroscopy. These screening methods can also be used to identify agonists or antagonists of the polypeptide that compete for binding to the polypeptide or its receptor, if present. Standard methods for performing screening assays are well understood in the art.

Examples of potential antagonists of the polypeptides of the invention include antibodies, and in some cases, oligonucleotides or proteins (eg, oligonucleotides or proteins) that are closely related to the ligands, substrates, receptors, enzymes, etc., of the polypeptide. , Ligands, substrates, receptors,
Fragments, such as enzymes) or small molecules that bind to a polypeptide of the invention but do not elicit a response (and thus prevent the activity of the polypeptide).

Thus, in other aspects, the present invention identifies agonists, antagonists, ligands, receptors, substrates, enzymes, etc., of the polypeptides of the invention, or compounds that decrease or increase the production of such polypeptides. This kit comprises: (a) a polypeptide of the present invention, (b) a recombinant cell expressing the polypeptide of the present invention, and (c) expressing the polypeptide of the present invention. A cell membrane, or (d) an antibody against the polypeptide of the present invention, wherein said polypeptide is preferably the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2.

It will be appreciated that in such a kit, (a), (b), (c) or (d) is a substantial component.

Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the polypeptides of the present invention can also be used in methods of designing agonists, antagonists or inhibitors of the polypeptide based on its structure. This method comprises the steps of (a) first analyzing the three-dimensional structure of the polypeptide, (b) assuming the three-dimensional structure of a likely reactive or binding site of an agonist, antagonist or inhibitor; Synthesizing a candidate compound that is expected to bind or react with the selected reactive or binding site, and (d) determining whether the candidate compound is in fact an agonist, antagonist or inhibitor. It will be further appreciated that this is usually an interactive process.

In a further embodiment, the present invention relates to any of an over- or under-expression of GABAB1AA polypeptide activity, such as bacterial, fungal, protozoan and viral infections, especially HIV-1 or HIV-2. Pain, cancer, diabetes, obesity; anorexia nervosa; asthma; Parkinson's disease; acute heart failure; hypotension; hypertension; urinary retention; osteoporosis; angina; myocardial infarction; Ulcer; allergy; benign prostatic hyperplasia; migraine; vomiting; anxiety, schizophrenia, manic depression, depression, delirium,
It provides a method for treating mental illness and nervous system diseases such as dementia and severe mental retardation; and abnormal conditions such as motor abnormalities such as Huntington's disease or Jill de la Tourette syndrome.

If the activity of the polypeptide is in excess, several approaches are available. One approach is to suppress the function of the polypeptide, for example, by blocking the binding of ligands, substrates, receptors, enzymes, etc., or by reducing an abnormal condition by suppressing a second signal. Administering an inhibitor compound (antagonist) as described above to a patient in an amount effective to do so with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In another approach, soluble forms of the polypeptide that are still capable of binding ligands, substrates, enzymes, receptors, etc., in competition with the endogenous polypeptide can be administered. A typical example of such a competitor is a fragment of a GABAB1AA polypeptide.

In yet another approach, expression of the gene encoding endogenous GABAB1AA polypeptide can be suppressed using expression blocking techniques. Such known techniques require the use of antisense sequences produced in the body or administered separately (eg, Oligodeoxynucleotides as Antisense Inhibitors of Gene Expression (oligodeoxynucleotides as antisense inhibitors of gene expression), CRC
Press, Boca Raton, FL (1988), O'Connor, J. Neurochem (1991) 56: 560). Alternatively, an oligonucleotide that forms a triple helix with this gene can be provided (see, for example, Lee et al., Nucleic Acids Res (1979).
6: 3073; Cooney et al., Science (1988) 241: 456; Dervan et al., Science (1991) 251.
: 1360). These oligomers can be administered as such, or the relevant oligomer can be expressed in vivo.

For treating abnormal conditions related to an under-expression of GABAB1AA and its activity,
Several approaches can be taken. One approach involves administering to a patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound that activates a polypeptide of the invention (ie, the agonist) together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier to alleviate the abnormal condition. It becomes. Alternatively, gene therapy can be used to endogenously produce GABAB1AA in the relevant cells of the patient. For example, a polynucleotide of the invention may be engineered for expression by a replication defective retroviral vector as described above. The retroviral expression construct is then isolated and introduced into packaging cells transduced with a retroviral plasmid vector containing RNA encoding a polypeptide of the present invention. As a result, the packaging cells will produce infectious viral particles containing the gene of interest. In vivo cell manipulation and
These producer cells are administered to a patient for in vivo polypeptide expression. For an overview of gene therapy, see Human Molecular Genetics, T Strachana.
Chapter 20, Gene T in nd AP Read, BIOS Scientific Publishers Ltd (1996)
See herapy and other Molecular Genetic-based Therapeutic Approaches (and references therein). Another approach is to administer a therapeutic amount of a polypeptide of the invention together with a suitable pharmaceutical carrier.

In a further aspect, the invention provides a therapeutically effective amount of a polypeptide (eg, a soluble form of the polypeptide of the invention), an agonist or antagonist peptide, or a small molecule compound in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or Pharmaceutical compositions are provided that contain together with excipients. Such carriers include, but are not limited to, saline, saline, dextrose, water, glycerol, ethanol, and combinations thereof. The present invention further provides a composition comprising one or more of the above-described compositions of the present invention.
It relates to a pharmaceutical pack and a kit comprising the above container. The polypeptides and other compounds of the present invention may be used alone or in conjunction with other compounds, eg, therapeutic compounds.

The pharmaceutical composition can be adapted to the route of administration, for example by a systemic or an oral route. A suitable form for systemic administration is infusion (injection), typically intravenous.
Other injection routes, such as subcutaneous, intramuscular or intraperitoneal, can also be used. Alternative means of systemic administration include transmucosal and transdermal administration using penetrants such as bile salts, fusidic acid, and other surfactants. In addition, oral administration is possible provided the polypeptide or other compound of the present invention can be formulated as an enteric coating or capsule. These compounds may be administered topically and / or localized in the form of an ointment, paste, gel or the like.

The required dosage range depends on the choice of the peptide or other compound of the invention, the route of administration,
It depends on the nature of the formulation, the condition of the patient and the judgment of the physician. However, suitable dosages range from 0.1 to 100 μg / kg of patient weight. Given the variety of compounds available and the differing efficiencies of the routes of administration, it is expected that the required dosage will vary widely. For example, oral administration would be expected to require higher dosages than intravenous administration. Such variation in dosage level can be adjusted using standard empirical optimization procedures, as is well understood in the art.

The polypeptide used for therapy can also be produced in the body of a patient in a therapy called “gene therapy” as described above. For example, cells from a patient
It is genetically engineered ex vivo by a polynucleotide such as DNA or RNA encoding the polypeptide, for example, using a retroviral plasmid vector. Thereafter, these cells are introduced into the patient.

[0072] Polynucleotide and polypeptide sequences provide a valuable source of information in identifying alternative sequences having similar homology. This is facilitated by storing such sequences in a computer readable medium and then using the stored data to search a sequence database with known search tools such as GCC.
Accordingly, in a further aspect, the present invention provides a computer readable medium having stored thereon a polynucleotide comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 and / or a polypeptide encoded thereby.

The following definitions are intended to facilitate understanding of terms that are often used in the above description.

As used herein, “antibody” includes polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, chimeric antibodies, single-chain antibodies, humanized antibodies, as well as Fab fragments, including Fab or the products of other immunoglobulin expression libraries. It is.

“Isolated” means altered “by the hand of man” from the natural state. If an "isolated" composition or substance occurs in nature, it has been changed or separated from its original environment, or both.
For example, a polynucleotide or polypeptide naturally occurring in the body of a living animal is not "isolated", but a polynucleotide or polypeptide separated from its naturally occurring co-localized material is described herein. As used herein, "isolated".

“Polynucleotide” generally refers to any polyribonucleotide or polydeoxyribonucleotide, which is unmodified RNA or DNA
Or modified RNA or DNA. “Polynucleotide” includes, but is not limited to, single- and double-stranded DNA, DNA in which single- and double-stranded regions are mixed, single- and double-stranded RNA, single-stranded RNA with mixed region and double-stranded region, hybrid molecule containing DNA and RNA (may be single-stranded or more typically double-stranded, where single-stranded and double-stranded regions are mixed May be included). In addition, "polynucleotide" may be RNA or D
NA or a triple-stranded region consisting of both RNA and DNA. The term "polynucleotide" also refers to DNA or RNA containing one or more modified bases.
And DNA having a backbone modified for stability or for other reasons
Also includes NA. "Modified" bases include, for example, tritylated bases and special bases such as inosine. Various modifications can be made to DNA and RNA. Thus, "polynucleotide" embraces chemically, enzymatically or metabolically modified forms of polynucleotides which are commonly found in nature, as well as DNA and RNA chemical forms characteristic of viruses and cells. . "Polynucleotide" also embraces relatively short polynucleotides, often referred to as oligonucleotides.

“Polypeptide” means a peptide or protein comprising two or more amino acids linked by a peptide bond or a modified peptide bond (ie, a peptide isostere). A "polypeptide" is a short chain (usually called a peptide, oligopeptide or oligomer) and a long chain (usually called a protein)
Refers to both. Polypeptides may contain amino acids other than the 20 gene-encoded amino acids. "Polypeptides" include amino acid sequences that have been modified by natural processes, such as post-translational processing, or by any of the chemical modification methods known in the art. Such modifications are elaborated in basic textbooks, more detailed scholarly articles and research literature. Modifications can be made anywhere in the polypeptide, including the peptide backbone, amino acid side chains, amino or carboxyl termini. The same type of modification may be present in the same or varying degrees at several sites in a given polypeptide. Also, a given polypeptide may contain many types of modifications. Polypeptides can be branched for ubiquitination or cyclic, with or without branching. Cyclic, branched or branched cyclic polypeptides can result from post-translation natural processes and can also be produced by synthetic methods. Modifications include acetylation, acylation, ADP-ribosylation, amidation, flavin covalent bond, heme moiety covalent bond, nucleotide or nucleotide derivative covalent bond, lipid or lipid derivative covalent bond, phosphatidylinositol covalent bond. , Cross-linking, cyclization, disulfide bond formation, demethylation, covalent cross-link formation, cystine formation, pyroglutamate formation, formylation, γ-carboxylation, glycosylation, GPI anchor formation, hydroxylation, iodination Transfer RNA-mediated addition of amino acids to proteins, such as, methylation, myristoylation, oxidation, proteolytic processing, phosphorylation, prenylation, racemization, selenoylation, sulphation, arginylation, and ubiquitination (
For example, Proteins-Structure and Molecular Properties 2nd Ed., TE Cre
ighton, WH Freeman and Company, New York, 1993; Posttranslational Cova
lent Modification of Proteins, edited by BC Johnson, Academic Press, New York,
Wold, F., Post-translational Protein Modifications: Perspective in 1983
s and Prospects, pgs. 1-12; Seifter et al., “Analysis for protein modificati
ons and nonprotein cofactors ", Meth Enzymol (1990) 182: 626-646; and R
attan et al., “Protein Synthesis: Post-translational Modifications and Aging
", Ann NY Acad Sci (1992) 663: 48-62).

As used herein, a “variant” is a polynucleotide or polypeptide that differs from a reference polynucleotide or polypeptide, but retains essential properties. A typical variant of a polynucleotide differs in nucleotide sequence from a reference polynucleotide. Changes in the nucleotide sequence of this variant
The amino acid sequence of the polypeptide encoded by the reference polynucleotide may or may not be changed. Nucleotide changes can result in amino acid substitutions, deletions, additions, fusions and truncations of the polypeptide encoded by the reference sequence, as described below. A typical variant of a polypeptide differs in amino acid sequence from a reference polypeptide. In general, the sequences of the reference polypeptide and the variant are generally closely similar and limited to differences so that they will be identical in many regions. A variant and reference polypeptide may differ in amino acid sequence by one or more substitutions, deletions, or additions in any combination. The amino acid residues to be substituted or added may or may not be those encoded by the genetic code. The variant of the polynucleotide or polypeptide may be naturally occurring, such as an allelic variant, or a variant that is not known to occur naturally. Non-naturally occurring variants of polynucleotides and polypeptides can be made by mutagenesis methods or by direct synthesis.

“Identity” as known in the art, is the affinity between two or more such sequences, optionally determined by comparing polypeptide or polynucleotide sequences. In the art, "identity" also means the degree of sequence similarity between polypeptide or polynucleotide sequences, as the case may be, as determined by the match between such sequences. "Identity" can be calculated without difficulty by a known method. Examples of such a method include, for example, Computational Molecular
Biology, Lesk, AM, Oxford University Press, New York, 1988; Biocomp
uting: Informatics and Genome Projects, Smith, DW, Academic Press,
New York, 1993; Computer Analysis of Sequence Data, Part I, Griffin, AM
and Griffin, HG, Humana Press, New Jersey, 1994; Sequence Analysi
s in Molecular Biology, von Heinje, G., Academic Press, 1987; Sequence A
nalysis Primer, Gribskov, M. and Devereux, J. Ed., M Stockton Press, New
York, 1991; and Carillo, H. and Lipman, D., SIAM J. Applied Math., 48
: 1073 (1988), but not limited thereto. Methods for determining identity are designed to provide the highest degree of matching between the sequences considered. In addition, methods for determining identity have been compiled into publicly available computer programs. Computer program methods for determining the identity between two sequences include the GCG program package (Devereux, J. et al., Nucleic Acids
Research 12 (1): 387 (1984)), BLASTP, BLASTN and FASTA (
Atschul, SF et al., J. Molec. Biol. 215: 403-410 (1990)). The BLAST X program is generally available from NCBI and other sources (BLAST Manual, Altschul, S. et al., NCBI NLM NIH Bethesda, MD 20).
894; Altschul, S. et al., J. Mol. Biol. 215: 403-410 (1990)). Known Smith Wat
The erman algorithm can also be used to determine identity.

The parameters for comparing polypeptide sequences include: 1) Algorithm: Needleman & Wunsch, J. Mol. Biol. 48: 443-453 (1970)
Comparison matrix: BLOSSUM62, Hentikoff and Hentikoff, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 89: 10915-10919 (1992) Gap penalty: 12 Gap length penalty: 4 A useful program with these parameters is the Genetics Computer Group.
(Madison WI) is generally available as a "gap" program. The above parameters are default parameters for peptide comparison.
) (No end gap penalty).

The parameters for comparing polynucleotide sequences include: 1) Algorithm: Needleman & Wunsch, J. Mol. Biol. 48: 443-453 (1970); Comparison matrix: match = + 10, mismatch = 0 Gap penalty: 50 Gap length penalty: 3 A useful program with these parameters is the Genetics Computer Group (M
available as a "gap" program from adison WI). These are the default parameters for nucleic acid comparison.

[0082] The optionally preferred meanings of "identity" of polynucleotides and polypeptides are shown in (1) and (2) below. (1) The embodiment of the polynucleotide further comprises at least a reference sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.
Isolated polynucleotides comprising polynucleotide sequences having 50, 60, 70, 80, 85, 90, 95, 97 or 100% identity are included. The polynucleotide is
It may be identical to the reference sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, or may contain up to an integer number of nucleotide variations compared to the reference sequence. The mutation is selected from the group consisting of a deletion, substitution (including transition and transversion) or insertion of at least one nucleotide, such mutation being 5 'or 3' of the reference nucleotide sequence.
It may be at terminal positions, or anywhere between these terminal positions, and may be interspersed individually between nucleotides in the reference sequence or as one or more contiguous groups within the reference sequence. The number of nucleotide variations is determined by multiplying the total number of nucleotides in SEQ ID NO: 1 by an integer value which means% identity divided by 100, and multiplying the product by SEQ ID NO: 1
By subtracting from the total number of nucleotides, i.e., the following formula: _{n n} <x _n - can be obtained by (x _n · y). Wherein, n _n is the number of nucleotide alterations, x _n is the total number of nucleotides in SEQ ID NO: 1, y is about 0.70,80% for 0.60,70% for 0.60 for 60% for 50% 0.85, 90% for 0.80, 85%
0.90 for 95%, 0.95 for 97%, 0.97 for 97%, 1 for 100%
.00 and the symbol of a multiplication operator. The non-integer product of _xn and y is rounded down to the nearest integer before subtracting the product from _xn . Modifications in the polynucleotide sequence encoding the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2 include nonsense,
Missense or frameshift mutations can be made, thereby altering the polypeptide encoded by the polynucleotide after such mutations.

By way of example, the polynucleotide sequence of the present invention is identical to the reference sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2,
That is, even if they are 100% identical, they may contain up to a certain integer number of amino acid mutations such that the percent identity is less than 100% compared to the reference sequence. The mutation is selected from the group consisting of deletion, substitution (including transition and transversion) or insertion of at least one nucleic acid, wherein such mutation is at the 5 'or 3' end position of the reference polynucleotide sequence, or at these ends. It can be anywhere between positions and can be intervening individually between nucleic acids in the reference sequence, or as one or more contiguous groups within the reference sequence. The number of nucleic acid mutations for a given percent identity is multiplied by the total number of amino acids in SEQ ID NO: 2 by an integer value representing the percent identity divided by 100, and then the product is subtracted from the total number of amino acids in SEQ ID NO: 2. it makes i.e., the following formula: _{n n} <x _n - can be obtained by (x _n · y). Wherein, n _n is the number of amino acid alterations, x _n is the total number of amino acids in SEQ ID NO: 2, y is about 0.70,80% for 70% for example,
For example, 0.85 for 0.80 and 85%, and the symbol for the multiplication operator. _xn and y
Is rounded down to the nearest integer before subtracting the product from x _n .
(2) polypeptide embodiments further include polypeptides having at least 50, 60, 70, 80, 85, 90, 95, 97, or 100% identity to the polypeptide reference sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2. Includes an isolated polypeptide. The polypeptide sequence has
It may be the same as the reference sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, or may contain up to an integer number of amino acid mutations compared to the reference sequence. The mutation is selected from the group consisting of a deletion, substitution (including conservative and non-conservative amino acid substitutions) or insertion of at least one amino acid, wherein the mutation is at the amino or carboxy terminal position of the reference polypeptide sequence, or And may intervene individually between amino acids in the reference sequence, or as one or more contiguous groups within the reference sequence. The number of amino acid mutations is 10 to the total number of amino acids in SEQ ID NO: 2.
Multiplied by an integer value, which means the percent identity divided by 0, and then subtracting that product from said total number of amino acids in SEQ ID NO: 2, i.e., the following equation: n _a <x _a - be determined by (x _a · y) Can be. Where n _a is the number of amino acid mutations, x _a is the total number of amino acids in SEQ ID NO: 2, y is 0.50 for 50%, 0.60 for 60%
, 0.70 for 70%, 0.80 for 80%, 0.85 for 85%, 0.90 for 90%, 0.95 for 95%, 0.97 for 97%, 1.00 for 100%, etc. Child symbol. non-integer product of x _a and y is, prior to subtracting it from x _a, rounded down to the nearest integer.

By way of example, a polypeptide sequence of the present invention may be identical to the reference sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, ie, have 100% identity, but have less than 100% percent identity compared to the reference sequence. It may contain up to a certain integer number of amino acid mutations. The mutation comprises a deletion or substitution of at least one amino acid (including conservative and non-conservative amino acid substitution).
Or insertions, wherein such mutations may be at the amino or carboxy terminal positions of the reference polypeptide sequence, or anywhere between these terminal positions, individually between amino acids in the reference sequence, Alternatively, they can be interposed in the reference sequence as one or more contiguous groups. The number of amino acid mutations for a given% identity is calculated by multiplying the total number of amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 2 by an integer value representing% identity divided by 100, and subtracting the product from the total number of amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 2. by, i.e., the following equation: n _a <x _a - can be obtained by (x _a · y). Wherein, n _a is the number of amino acid alterations, x _a is the total number of amino acids in SEQ ID NO: 2, y is about 70% for example and the like 0.85 for 0.80,85% for 0.70,80% ,. Are symbols of the multiplication operator. non-integer product of x _a and y is, prior to subtracting it from x _a, rounded down to the nearest integer.

“Fusion protein” refers to a protein encoded by two, often unrelated, fused genes or fragments thereof. As an example, EP-A-0 4
64 describes a fusion protein comprising various portions of the constant region of an immunoglobulin molecule and other human proteins or portions thereof. Often, for use in therapy and diagnostics, immunoglobulin Fc
The use of regions is advantageous, for example, in that pharmacokinetic properties are improved (see, for example, EP-A-0232262). On the other hand, for some uses, it may be desirable to remove the Fc portion after expressing, detecting, and purifying the fusion protein.

All publications, including patents and patent application specifications, cited herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety, as if each publication was clearly and individually indicated. It shall be incorporated here.

[0087] from the database of the embodiment publicly as potential 7TM receptor was identified GABAB1a to published. Oligonucleotides were designed at the 5 'and 3' end positions of the clone.
The 5 'and 3' primers were used for PCR of a 3 kb fragment using human fetal brain and human brain cDNA as templates. The PCR fragment was subcloned into the pCDN vector and sequenced. Comparison of the nucleotide sequence of GABAB1AA to the published GABAB1a revealed two amino acid differences. The above cloning operation was performed twice to confirm the difference in this amino acid sequence.

Example 1 Expression in Mammalian Cells The receptor of the present invention was expressed in either human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells or adherent dhfr CHO cells. In order to maximize the expression of the receptor, all 5 ′ and 3 ′ untranslated regions (U
TRs) was removed from the receptor cDNA. These cells were transfected with individual receptor cDNA using lipofectin and selected in the presence of 400 mg / ml G418. After three weeks of selection, individual clones were picked and expanded for further analysis. HEK293 or CHO cells transfected with the vector alone were used as negative controls. To isolate cell lines stably expressing individual receptors,
Generally, about 24 clones were selected and analyzed by Northern blot analysis. Receptor mRNA was usually detectable in about 50% of the G418 resistant clones analyzed.

Example 2: Ligand banks for binding and functional assays Over 200 putative receptor ligand banks were assembled for screening. This bank includes: That is, human transmembrane seven times (7
TM) transmitters, hormones and chemokines known to act via the receptor; naturally occurring compounds that may be putative agonists of the human 7TM receptor; non-mammalian bioactive peptides (mammal). (Animal counterparts have not yet been identified.)
And compounds that activate the 7TM receptor with a natural ligand unknown but not found in nature. This bank provides binding assays and functions (i.e., calcium, cAM
P, microphysiometer, oocyte electrophysiology, etc.
See below) Both assays were used to initially screen the receptor for a known ligand.

Example 3 Ligand Binding Assay The ligand binding assay provides a straightforward method for determining receptor pharmacology and is also applicable to high throughput formats. Receptor purified ligand was radiolabeled with high specific activity (50-2000 Ci / mmol) for binding experiments. Next, it was determined that the process of radiolabeling did not reduce the activity of the ligand for its receptor. The assay conditions for other modulators such as buffers, ions, pH and nucleotides were optimized to establish viable possible signal to noise ratios for both membrane and whole cell receptor sources. For these assays, specific receptor binding was defined as total bound radioactivity minus the radioactivity measured in the presence of excess unlabeled competing ligand. If possible, two or more competing ligands are used to determine residual non-specific binding.

Example 4: Functional assay in Xenopus oocytes A linearized plasmid encoding the receptor cDNA of the invention capped from a template
RNA transcripts were synthesized using RNA polymerase in vitro according to standard procedures. In vitro transcripts were suspended in water at a final concentration of 0.2 mg / ml. Ovarian leaves (ova
rian lobes) were removed from adult female frogs, stage V defosculated oocytes were obtained, and RNA transcripts (10 ng / oocyte) were injected once using a microinjector at 50 nl. 2
The current from individual Xenopus oocytes in response to agonist exposure was measured using a single electrode potential clamp. Bath containing no Ca ²⁺ at room temperature (Bar
th's) Recordings were made in medium. The Xenopus system can be used to screen for known ligands and tissue / cell extracts for activating ligands.

Example 5 Microphysiometric Assay Activation of various second messenger systems releases small amounts of acid from cells. This acid is produced primarily as a result of the increased metabolic activity required to activate intracellular signaling processes. PH in the medium surrounding the cells
Is very small, but can be detected with a cytosensor (CYTOSENSOR) microphysiometer (Molecular Devices Ltd., Menlo Park, CA). Thus, this site sensor can detect the activation of a receptor that is coupled to energy utilizing an intracellular signaling pathway, such as the G protein-coupled receptor of the present invention.

Example 6: Extract / Cell Supernatant Screening Many mammalian receptors exist, but to date no activating ligand (agonist) of the same animal species (cognate) has been found. Thus, ligands that activate these receptors may not be among the ligand banks identified to date. Thus, the 7TM receptor of the present invention may also be functionally applied to tissue extracts to identify natural ligands (using functional screens such as calcium, cAMP, microphysiometer, oocyte electrophysiology, etc.). ) Screened. Extracts showing a positive functional response can be sequentially subfractionated until the activating ligand is isolated and identified.

Example 7: Calcium and cAMP function assay The 7TM receptor expressed in HEK293 cells has been shown to be functionally coupled to PLC and calcium mobilization activation and / or cAMP stimulation or inhibition. Basal calcium levels in HEK293 cells in receptor transfected cells or vector control cells were observed in the normal range of 100 nM to 200 nM. HEK293 cells expressing the recombinant receptor were supplemented with fura2 and more than 150 selected ligand or tissue / cell extracts were evaluated per day for agonist-induced calcium mobilization. Similarly, HEK293 cells expressing the recombinant receptor were evaluated for stimulation or inhibition of cAMP production using a standard cAMP quantitation assay. Agonists that transiently recruit calcium or exhibit altered cAMP were tested in vector control cells to determine if the response was unique to transfected cells expressing the receptor.

[Sequence list]

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) A61P 1/04 A61P 3/10 4C086 3/04 9/02 4H045 3/10 9/04 9/02 9 / 10 9/04 9/12 9/10 11/06 9/12 13/02 11/06 15/00 13/02 19/10 15/00 25/04 19/10 25/16 25/04 25/22 25 / 16 31/00 25/22 31/04 31/00 31/12 31/04 31/18 31/12 35/00 31/18 37/08 35/00 C07K 14/705 37/08 16/28 C07K 14 / 705 C12N 1/15 16/28 1/19 C12N 1/15 1/21 1/19 C12P 21/02 C 1/21 G01N 33/15 Z 5/10 33/50 Z C12P 21/02 33/53 D G01N 33/15 M 33/50 33/566 33/53 33/577 B 33/58 A 33/566 33/68 33/577 C12N 15/00 ZNAA 33/58 A61K 37/02 33/68 C12N 5/00 A F term (reference) 2G045 AA25 AA40 BB20 CB01 CB17 CB20 CB21 DA12 DA13 DA14 DA36 FB02 FB03 FB04 FB05 FB06 JA20 4B024 AA01 AA11 BA44 BA63 CA01 CA07 GA11 HA11 4B064 AG20 AG27 CA19 CC24 DA01 DA13 4B065 AA93X AA93Y AB01 AC14 BA01 CA24 CA25 CA44 CA46 4C084 AA02 AA13 NA14 ZA02 ZA08 ZA12 ZA18 ZAB ZAB ZAB ZAB ZAB ZAB ZAB ZAB ZAB ZAB ZAB ZAB ZAB ZAZ 4C086 AA01 AA02 EA16 MA01 MA04 NA14 ZA02 ZA08 ZA12 ZA16 ZA18 ZA36 ZA40 ZA42 ZA43 ZA68 ZA81 ZA97 ZB13 ZB26 ZB33 ZB35 ZB37 4H045 AA10 AA11 BA10 BA41 CA40 DA50 DA76 EA20 EA50 FA

Claims (12)

[Claims] 1. An isolated polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, or an isolated polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2. 2. An isolated polynucleotide selected from the group consisting of the following (i) to (iii), or a nucleotide sequence complementary to the isolated polynucleotide: (i) SEQ ID NO: 2 An isolated polypeptide comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding a polypeptide, (ii) an isolated polynucleotide comprising the polynucleotide of SEQ ID NO: 1, or (iii) a suitable library comprising a stringent high- An isolated polynucleotide obtained by screening under hybridization conditions with a labeled probe having the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or a fragment thereof. 3. An antibody immunospecific for the polypeptide of claim 1. 4. A method of treating a subject, comprising: (i) when the subject requires increased activity or expression of the polypeptide of claim 1, (a) treating the polypeptide. Administering to said subject an effective amount of an agonist, and / or (b) producing an isolated polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding said polypeptide in vivo producing said polypeptide activity. Administering to the subject in such a form; (ii) when the subject requires suppression of the activity or expression of the polypeptide according to claim 1, (a) for the polypeptide; Administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the antagonist, and / or (b) administering to the subject a nucleic acid molecule that suppresses expression of the nucleotide sequence encoding the polypeptide. And / or (c) administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the polypeptide that competes for its ligand, substrate, or receptor to the subject. . 5. A method for diagnosing a disease or susceptibility of a subject related to the expression or activity of the polypeptide according to claim 1 in the subject, the method comprising: (a) analyzing the genome of the subject; Examining for the presence of a mutation in the nucleotide sequence encoding the polypeptide of and / or (b) analyzing the presence or amount of expression of the polypeptide in a sample obtained from the subject A method comprising: 6. A screening method for identifying a compound that stimulates or suppresses the function of the polypeptide according to claim 1, comprising: (a) a candidate compound and the polypeptide (or a polypeptide carrying the polypeptide); Measuring the binding of the candidate compound and the fusion protein to the candidate compound with a label directly or indirectly bound to the candidate compound, and (b) the candidate compound and the polypeptide (or the polypeptide). Measuring the binding to the cell or its membrane) or its fusion protein in the presence of a labeled competitor; (c) the candidate compound provides a signal resulting from activation or inhibition of the polypeptide. Determining whether or not the polypeptide is a cell carrying the polypeptide or a cell membrane using a detection system suitable for the polypeptide; (d) a candidate compound; Combining a solution containing the polypeptide and a solution containing the polypeptide to determine the activity of the polypeptide in the mixture and comparing the activity of the mixture to a standard; or A screening method comprising a method selected from the group consisting of detecting mRNA encoding the polypeptide and its effect on the production of the polypeptide, for example, using an ELISA assay. 7. An agonist or antagonist of the polypeptide according to claim 1. 8. An expression system comprising a polynucleotide capable of producing the polypeptide of claim 1 when the expression system is in a compatible host cell. 9. Transformation or transfection of a cell with the expression system of claim 8 so that the host cell produces a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 under appropriate culture conditions. A method for producing a recombinant host cell, comprising: 10. A recombinant host cell obtained by the method according to claim 9. 11. The recombinant host cell membrane according to claim 10, which expresses a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2. 12. Production of the polypeptide, comprising culturing the host cell of claim 10 under conditions sufficient to produce the polypeptide, and recovering the polypeptide from the culture medium. Method.