JP2002362584A - Packaging bag with management function - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a packaging bag provided with a management function for easy and sure management which can be hung on a body to be hung. SOLUTION: This relates to a packaging bag 1 with a management function to which a pair of sheets (a see-through sheet 2 and a base sheet 3) is attached in a bag shape. A hanging part 7 which can be hung outwardly on a body to be hung is formed on the side of an opening part 5. Ideally the hanging part 7 is made of a through hole 8 in a round shape or a plurality of through notches (including curved ones) extending radially preferably having an area with no notch in the radiating center of the notches. It is desirable that the width of the area is between 0.2 mm and 1 mm.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a packaging bag with a management function suitable for a medicine bag used in a hospital, for example.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A packaging bag with a management function capable of controlling the type and number of contents is a packaging bag such as a medicine bag distributed to a patient in a hospital or the like, an ampoule administered to a patient, or various mechanical parts. It is used as a wrapper for separating and storing the products.

Conventionally, a transparent sheet such as a transparent synthetic resin film which is transparent on at least one side has been used as such a packaging bag with a management function, and the transparent sheet and a base sheet made of a paper material or the like are overlapped, and the outer edges thereof are The part is generally formed in a bag shape by sticking the parts by means such as heat sealing, and is configured so that the contents can be visually recognized from the see-through sheet side.

[0004]

By the way, a wrapper with a management function, such as a medicine bag, used in hospitals is usually managed together with a container containing a medicine, an infusion solution, etc. to be administered to the same patient. It is convenient if both can be engaged, but there is no means for engaging with the container in the conventional management function-attached wrapper. For this reason, means such as stopping with an adhesive tape or making a cut with scissors for hanging are appropriately adopted on site. There is also an inconvenience caused by the absence of a hooking means in a packaging bag with a management function other than the medicine bag.

[0005] The present invention has been made in view of these disadvantages, and an object of the present invention is to provide a packaging bag with a management function that can be hooked on a body to be hooked such as a medicinal container, and that is easy and reliable to manage. Is what you do.

[0006]

The invention made to solve the above-mentioned problem is a packaging bag with a management function in which a pair of sheets are adhered in a bag-like form, and is externally attached to a subject through an opening. It is characterized by having a hook portion that can be fitted. Here, the "engaged body" means a wrapping bag with a management function that is hooked for management convenience, and for example, a medicine container or the like in the case of a medicine bag or the like used in a hospital.

[0007] According to the management-function-equipped wrapper, the wrapping portion provided at the opening fits over the body to be hooked such as a medicinal container,
Can be engaged. Therefore, for example, in the case of a medicine bag or the like used in a hospital, the medicine bag and the drip solution to be administered to the same patient can be hooked and managed. Therefore,
By using the management function-equipped wrapper, the easiness and certainty of the management of the contents can be improved.

It is preferable to use a see-through sheet and a base sheet as the pair of sheets. Here, the "perspective sheet" means a sheet that can be seen through from one side to the other side, and is not limited to a transparent sheet, and includes a sheet that can be seen through some processing, for example, one layer. And a laminate that can be seen through by peeling off. in this way,
When a see-through sheet is used for one of the sheets, the contents can be visually recognized from the see-through sheet side, and the management of the contents becomes easy and reliable.

Preferably, the engaging portion is a through hole. By forming a through hole that is slightly larger than the engaged body, the through hole of the management function-attached wrapper is externally fitted to the engaged body such as a medical container,
The management function-attached wrapper can be easily engaged with the object.

The through hole is preferably circular. Many articles to be hooked such as medicinal containers have a columnar shape, and a circular through-hole facilitates hooking to the hooked article. In addition, by making the through hole circular, the strength of the through hole is increased,
It is possible to reduce rupture or the like of the engaging portion.

It is preferable that the engaging portion is formed as a plurality of cuts which penetrate radially and has a cut non-forming area at a radial center of the cut. According to this means, the engaging portion is pressed against the object to be engaged, and the cut non-forming area at the radial center of the cut is cut along the pair of radial cuts, thereby forming a plurality of fan-shaped bands between the radial cuts. Can be opened, and the engaging portion can be externally fitted to the engaged object. In addition, since there is a cut non-forming area at the center of the radial cut, even when printing is performed using a general-purpose printer on the sheet surface of the packaging bag with the management function, a fan-shaped area between the cuts is unnecessary when printing. It is possible to prevent a paper jam or the like from opening.

The cut may be curved, and the outer end of the cut may be directed substantially in the circumferential direction (meaning the circumferential direction with reference to the radiation center). In this way, by directing the tangential direction of the outer end of the notch to the circumferential direction, it is possible to reduce the possibility that the outer end of the notch forming the engaging portion is torn in the radial direction.

The width of the non-cutting area is 0.2 mm
It is preferably 1 mm or more and 1 mm or less. By setting the width of the cut non-forming area to the above range, it is possible to prevent the fan-shaped area between the cuts from being unintentionally opened at the time of printing with a general-purpose printer, etc. By pressing the engaging portion manually when engaging with the engaging body, the cut non-forming area can be easily cut.

A base sheet having an adhesive sealing layer, an adhesive layer, and a base sheet layer in this order is used, and an outer edge portion (a zone along the outer edge) other than an opening of the adhesive layer is used. ) Is not covered by the pressure-sensitive adhesive sealing layer, and the transparent sheet and the base sheet may be adhered to each other by the outer edge of the non-covered pressure-sensitive adhesive layer. Here, "adhesive sealing layer"
Is a layer capable of blocking the development of adhesiveness on the surface of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer. For example, a simple paper material, release paper, or the like is used.

According to this means, the adhesive sealing of the outer edge (other than the opening) of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is released by means such as stripping the outer edge of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer other than the opening, and The transparent sheet and the base sheet are adhered to each other by the outer edge of the uncoated pressure-sensitive adhesive layer to form a bag. Therefore, it is not necessary to attach a heating means such as a heat seal to the sticking of the transparent sheet and the base sheet as in the case of the conventional packaging bag with the management function. And a variety of shapes can be easily manufactured.

A release sheet having a release function is used as the pressure-sensitive adhesive sealing layer of the base sheet on the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer side, and cuts are formed in the base sheet layer and the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer to divide the sheet surface into predetermined regions. Good to do. According to this means, since the release sheet having a release function is used for the surface of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer on the side of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer and the base material sheet layer are separated from the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer of the base sheet. It can be easily peeled off.
Therefore, the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer and the base material sheet layer in a predetermined region separated by the cut can be peeled off, and the peeled predetermined region portion can be adhered to another management document or the like by the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer. Therefore, printing is performed on the outer surface of the base sheet of the packaging bag with the management function by a general-purpose printer or the like. If the other information is displayed, the predetermined area in which the information is displayed can be peeled off from the management function-attached wrapper, re-attached to a medical chart or other recording document, and provided for convenience of management, recording, and the like. .

[0017]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings as appropriate. FIG. 1 (a) is a plan view showing a management function-attached wrapper according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1 (b).
1 is a schematic cross-sectional view (cutting line; line AA shown in FIG. 1A) of the management function-attached zipper of FIG. 1A, and FIG. 2 shows a use state of the management function-added zipper of FIG. FIGS. 3A and 3B are a plan view and an enlarged view of a hooking part with a management function in a form different from that of FIG. 1, and FIGS. 5A and 5B are plan views showing a management function-attached zipper different from the management-function-attached zipper of FIGS. 1, 3 and 4. FIG. FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view and a plan view showing a management function-attached wrapper, and FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view showing a use state of the management function-added zipper of FIG.

The packaging bag with management function 1 shown in FIG.
And a base sheet 3. The see-through sheet 2 and the base sheet 3 are formed in a rectangular shape of the same size, and are arranged in an overlapping manner.

The see-through sheet 2 is made of a transparent synthetic resin film. Examples of the material of the synthetic resin film include polyethylene, polypropylene, polymethylpentene, ethylene vinyl acetate resin, ethylene ethyl acrylate resin, and ethylene acrylic acid. Resin, ethylene methacrylate resin, ethylene methyl acrylate resin, ionomer resin, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester and the like. In addition, polyethylene, polypropylene, and the like polymerized using a so-called metallocene catalyst can also be suitably used.

As the base sheet 3, a paper material, a synthetic resin film or the like can be used. As this paper material, for example, unbleached kraft paper, bleached kraft paper, high quality paper, neutral paper,
Unglazed unbleached kraft paper, pure white roll, glassine paper, heat-sensitive paper, pressure-sensitive paper, synthetic paper, Japanese paper, tracing paper, various coated papers, paperboard, liner paper, and the like. Also,
Processed paper (so-called laminated paper) on which a heat seal layer made of polyvinyl acetate (EVA), polyethylene or the like is laminated is also used, and is suitable when the base sheet 3 and the see-through sheet 2 are adhered by heat sealing. On the other hand, the transparent sheet 2
The same as described above is used.

When a paper material is used for the base sheet 3, the weighing of the paper material is not particularly limited, but is generally about 30 g / m ^{2 to} 450 g / m ² . When a synthetic resin film is used for the base sheet 3,
Although the thickness of the synthetic resin film is not particularly limited,
Generally, it is about 8 μm or more and 100 μm or less.

An adhesive layer 4 is laminated in a strip shape on an outer edge portion (an outer edge portion of three U-shaped sides) other than the opening portion 5 between the see-through sheet 2 and the base sheet 3. 4, the transparent sheet 2 and the base sheet 3 are adhered in a bag shape. The adhesive used for the adhesive layer 4 includes:
Examples include natural products such as starch, glue, casein, and natural rubber, thermoplastic and thermosetting synthetic resins, synthetic rubbers, reactive adhesives, instant adhesives, hot melt adhesives, and the like. The method of laminating the adhesive layer 4 is appropriately selected depending on the adhesive to be used. For example, a method of applying the adhesive to the see-through sheet 2 or the base sheet 3, a method of extruding a synthetic resin between the two layers and a method of dry lamination And the like. Note that, without using the adhesive layer 4, the base sheet 3 and the see-through sheet 2 can be bonded in a bag shape by heat sealing.

A hook 7 is provided at the center on the opening 5 side of the management-capsule 1. The engaging portion 7 is a circular through hole 8 penetrating through the see-through sheet 2 and the base sheet 3. The diameter of the through hole 8 is appropriately changed so as to be adapted to the size of the body to be engaged with the management function-attached wrapper 1. For example, in the case where the packaging bag with management function 1 is a medicine bag for storing medicines and ampoules used in hospitals, it is convenient for management to hang the medicine container or the like to be administered to the same patient. Usually, it is 20 mm or more and 40 mm or less.

Further, on the left and right sides of the bottom of the packaging bag 1 with the management function, pores 9 penetrating the see-through sheet 2 and the base sheet 3 are formed. Therefore, even when the paper is inserted into the printer or the like from the opening 5 side during printing on the outer surface of the base sheet 3, the air in the storage space 10 between the see-through sheet 2 and the base sheet 3 escapes from the pores 9 and printing is performed reliably and smoothly. Can be done.

Therefore, in the packaging bag 1 with the management function, a storage space 10 is formed between the see-through sheet 2 and the base sheet 3, and the storage space 10 needs to manage medicines, ampules, mechanical parts, and the like. Can be accommodated, and the article accommodated in this way can be visually recognized from the outside through the transparent see-through sheet 2. For example, in the case of a packaging bag 1 with a management function used as a medicine bag in a hospital, an ampoule 11 is stored in a storage space 10 of the packaging bag 1 with a management function as shown in FIG. By hooking the medicine container 12 to be administered, easiness and certainty of management of medicines and the like can be promoted.

The method for producing the management function-attached wrapper 1 is not particularly limited, and a known method may be employed. For example, a continuous U-shape may be formed on the surface of the band-shaped sheet serving as the base sheet 3. Applying the adhesive, and continuously laminating and bonding the adhesive-coated strip-shaped sheet and the strip-shaped sheet to be the see-through sheet 2, and applying the adhesive to the laminated sheet. Cutting at a U-shaped outer edge,
By the process of forming the hooking portion 7 and the pores 9, the management function-equipped bag 1 is mass-produced.

The wrapping bag 21 with a management function shown in FIG. 3A has a rectangular see-through sheet 2 and a base sheet 3 arranged one on top of the other.
The transparent sheet 2 is formed of the adhesive layer 4 laminated in a strip shape on the outer edge 6.
And the base sheet 3 is attached in a bag shape, and the opening 5
This is similar to the management function-encapsulated bag 1 of FIG. 1 in that a hook portion 7 is provided at the center of the side and pores 9 are formed on the left and right on the bottom side. I do.

The engaging portion 7 of the management-function-attached wrapper 21 has four cuts 22 of the same length extending radially at equal angular intervals.
(See FIG. 3B). In other words, this hook 7
Is a cross-shaped cut 22. The cut 22 is formed to penetrate the see-through sheet 2 and the base sheet 3. The cut 22 has a cut non-forming area 23 at the radial center thereof, and the four fan-shaped areas divided by the cut 22 are stopped so as not to be unnecessarily opened during printing or the like. .

The wrapping bag 21 with the management function is
Is pressed against the body to be cut to cut the non-cutting area 23, and the fan-shaped area divided by the cuts 22 is opened and externally fitted to the body to be hooked, whereby it is possible to engage the body to be hooked.

The width W of the non-cut area 23 shown in FIG.
Is preferably 0.2 mm or more and 1 mm or less.
It is particularly preferably from 4 mm to 0.8 mm. This is because, if the width W of the non-cutting area 23 exceeds the above range, it is difficult to cut the non-cutting area 23 only by manual pressing, and the workability for engagement is reduced. If the width W is smaller than the above range, an unintended opening of the area delimited by the cut 22 occurs during printing or the like, and the workability of printing or the like is reduced.

The wrapping bag with management function 31 in FIG. 4 also has the same structure as the wrapping bag with management function 21 in FIG. 3 described above, and four notches of the same length in which the engaging portions 7 extend radially at equal angular intervals. 32
Is formed from. The cut 32 is curved to one side in the circumferential direction with respect to the radiation center, and the tangential direction of the outer end is directed at right angles to the radial direction with respect to the radiation center. That is, the outer end of the cut 32 is directed in the circumferential direction. Therefore, the management function-attached wrapper 31 is
As described above, even if the cut 32 is opened when the cut 32 is engaged with the body to be engaged, the cut 32 can be prevented from being torn in the radial direction with respect to the radiation center.

The packaging bag 41 with a management function shown in FIG. 5 has a rectangular see-through sheet 2 and a base sheet 42 adhered in a bag shape, and further has a hooking portion 7 at the center on the opening 5 side, and at the left and right on the bottom side. It is the same as the packaging bag 1 with the management function of FIG. 1 described above in that the pores 9 are formed. The same parts are given the same numbers and their explanation is omitted. The management function-attached wrapper 41 can also be externally fitted to an object to be hooked such as a medicinal container by the hooking portion 7 provided on the opening 5 side, and the ease and reliability of management are enhanced.

The base sheet 4 of the wrapper 41 with the management function
2 is a release sheet (corresponding to the “adhesive sealing layer”) 4
3, an adhesive layer 44 and a base sheet layer 45 are laminated in this order. As the base sheet layer 45, the same as the base sheet 3 is used.

The pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 44 is formed by applying a pressure-sensitive adhesive to the base sheet layer 4.
5 (Sheet surface on the release sheet 43 side during lamination)
Alternatively, the back surface of the release sheet 43 (the base sheet layer 45 during lamination).
It is formed by coating or the like on the side of the sheet. As the pressure-sensitive adhesive to be used, various known pressure-sensitive adhesives can be used, but generally, a tackifier and a plasticizer are added to a thermoplastic resin, and specifically, a solvent system, an emulsion, And a water-soluble polyvinyl organic solvent that swells and adheres to water.

The release sheet 43 is a sheet having a release function (a function of facilitating release from the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 44) on the surface on the side of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 44. Is used, and a releasing function is exhibited by coating or impregnating a releasing agent. By laminating the release sheet 43 on the surface of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 44,
The adhesiveness of the adhesive layer 44 is shielded. Examples of the release agent include (a) a fluorine-based compound, (b) a silicon-based compound, (c) a hydrocarbon-based compound such as paraffin and polyethylene wax, (d) a fatty acid-based compound such as a higher fatty acid, and (e) an alkylenebisfatty acid amide. Fatty acid amides, (f) esters such as fatty acid lower alcohol esters, and (g) alcohols such as polyhydric alcohols.

The base sheet layer 45 and the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 44 are formed in the same rectangular shape as the transparent sheet 2, but the release sheet 43 is formed slightly smaller than this shape. Only the outer edge 6 is not covered with the release sheet 43. Therefore, the adhesive layer 44 of the base sheet 42 is exposed at the outer edge 6, and the transparent sheet 2 and the base sheet 42 are exposed by the exposed adhesive layer 44 of the outer edge 6.
Are adhered on three sides to form a bag. Therefore,
As shown in FIG. 6, in the packaging bag 41 with the management function, a storage space 10 is formed between the see-through sheet 2 and the release sheet 43 of the base sheet 42, and medicine, ampules, and mechanical parts are formed in the storage space 10. It is possible to store articles that need to be managed, for example, and to visually recognize the stored articles from outside through the transparent see-through sheet 2.

As a method of manufacturing the management-function-attached wrapper 41, first, after forming the base sheet 42 in which the layers 43, 44, and 45 have the same shape, only the outer edge portion 6 of the release sheet 43 is cut into a band shape. Next, the see-through sheet 2 having the same shape is overlapped on the release sheet 43 side of the base sheet 42, and the outer edge portion 6 is formed.
A method of sticking the see-through sheet 2 and the base sheet 42 with the exposed adhesive layer 44 is adopted. Therefore, a heating step such as heat sealing or a separate application step of an adhesive is not required for attaching the see-through sheet 2 and the base sheet 42, and the packaging bag 41 with the management function can be manufactured relatively easily.

The base sheet 42 and the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 44 of the base sheet 42 of the packaging bag 41 with the management function are provided with cuts 48 for dividing the sheet surface into predetermined regions (for example, rectangular regions) 47. Have been. Therefore, the information such as the name of the contents, the management code, the patient name, and the like is formed on the outer surface of the base sheet 42 (that is, the outer surface of the base sheet layer 45) of the wrapper 41 with the management function, in particular, in the area 47 by using a general-purpose printer or the like. Is printed, and after use and confirmation, the area 47
The base sheet layer 45 and the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 44 are peeled off (see FIG. 6) and attached to a medical chart or other recording document, whereby the ease and reliability of management, recording and the like can be improved.

Further, near the opening 5 of the release sheet 43 of the base sheet 42, the opening 5 of the release sheet 43 is provided.
A notch 49 is formed to allow only the strip to be stripped. The opening 5 of the release sheet 43 is formed along the cut 49.
The pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 4 in the opening 5 where the side zone is peeled off and exposed.
By attaching the see-through sheet 2 to 4, the management function-attached wrapper 41 can be sealed. This seal can be opened and closed freely by appropriately selecting the adhesive constituting the adhesive layer 44. By sealing in this way after storing the article in the management-function-attached wrapper 41, it is possible to prevent the contents from falling off during the use process. In addition, by partially peeling off the opening 5 of the release sheet 43 and partially sealing the opening, it is possible to reduce the dropout of the above-mentioned contents and to allow the contents to be taken in and out of the unsealed openings. It becomes possible.

The wrapper with management function of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. For example, in the wrappers with management function 21 and 31 shown in FIG.
The number of 2 is not limited to four, and the number of two or more can be appropriately selected. In addition, the packaging bag 41 with the management function shown in FIG.
In the above, the base sheet 42 may have a flap portion extending from the opening 5, and the adhesive sealing layer (release sheet) of the flap portion may form a cut that can be peeled off. According to this means, the adhesive sealing layer of the flap portion is peeled off by cutting, and the flap portion is bent and adhered to the see-through sheet side, whereby the management-capable wrapper can be sealed.

[0041]

As described above, according to the packaging bag with the management function of the present invention, it can be hooked to a hooked body such as a medicinal container by the hooking portion provided at the opening. Therefore, by using the management function-attached wrapper, the easiness and certainty of the management of the contents can be improved.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1A is a plan view showing a management function-attached wrapper according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1B is a schematic cross-sectional view of the management function-attached wrapper of FIG. AA line shown in 1 (a))
It is.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a use state of the management function-attached wrapper of FIG. 1;

3 (a) is a plan view showing a management function-attached wrapper having a form different from that of the management function-attached wrapper of FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 (b) shows a hooking portion of the management function-attached zipper of FIG. It is an enlarged view.

FIG. 4 is a plan view showing a management function-attached wrapper having a different form from the management function-attached zipper of FIGS. 1 and 3;

FIGS. 5A and 5B are a schematic cross-sectional view and a plan view showing a management function-attached wrapper having a different form from the management function-attached wrapper of FIGS. 1, 3 and 4. FIG.

FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view showing a use state of the management function-attached wrapper of FIG. 5;

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Envelope with management function 2 ... Transparent sheet 3 ... Base sheet 4 ... Adhesive layer 5 ... Opening 6 ... Outer edge 7 ... Hooking part 8 ... Through-hole 9 ・ ・ ・ Pore 10 ・ ・ ・ Accommodation space 11 ・ ・ ・ Ampule 12 ・ ・ ・ Medicinal container 21 ・ ・ ・ Packaging bag with management function 22 ・ ・ ・ Cut 23 ・ ・ ・ Cut non-formation area 31 ・ ・-Envelope with management function 32 ... Cut 33 ... Non-cut area 41 ... Envelope with management function 42 ... Base sheet 43 ... Release sheet 44 ... Adhesive layer 45 ... Base sheet layer 47 ... Region 48 ... Cut 49 ... Cut

Continued on front page F-term (reference) 3E064 AA01 BB01 BC13 EA19 FA01 GA01 HB03 HD02 HH01 HH10 3E067 AA11 AB81 AB82 BA12A BB01A BB14A BB15A BB16A BB25A EA04 EE02 EE15

Claims (9)

[Claims] Claims 1. A packaging bag with a management function, comprising a pair of sheets stuck in a bag shape, the packaging bag having a management function being provided with a hooking portion that can be externally fitted to a hooked body through an opening. bag. 2. The packaging bag with a management function according to claim 1, wherein a transparent sheet and a base sheet are used as the pair of sheets. 3. The packaging bag with a management function according to claim 1, wherein the engaging portion is a through hole. 4. The packaging bag with a management function according to claim 3, wherein the through hole is circular. 5. The wrapper with a management function according to claim 1, wherein the engaging portion is a plurality of cuts that penetrate radially and has a cut non-forming area at a radial center of the cut. 6. The management-function-equipped wrapper according to claim 5, wherein the cut is curved, and the outer end of the cut is oriented substantially in the circumferential direction. 7. The packaging bag with a management function according to claim 5, wherein a width of the non-cutting area is not less than 0.2 mm and not more than 1 mm. 8. The base sheet is provided with an adhesive sealing layer, an adhesive layer, and a base sheet layer in this order, and the outer edge of the adhesive layer other than the opening is provided with an adhesive seal. The package with a management function according to any one of claims 2 to 7, wherein the see-through sheet and the base sheet are not covered with the stop layer, and the outer edge of the uncoated pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is adhered to the base sheet. bag. 9. The pressure-sensitive adhesive sealing layer of the base sheet,
9. The release sheet according to claim 8, wherein a release sheet having a release function is used on the surface on the side of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, and cuts for dividing the sheet surface into predetermined regions are formed in the base sheet layer and the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer. Packaging bag with management function.