JP2002357419A - Side oblique air photograph and pseudo orthoscopic image - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve such problems that conventional air photograph taking requires high technology and experience and manufacturing of an orthoscopic image requires a great deal of cost and long hours, and that a conventional air photograph can not be effectively utilized as image information, because reading of a taken vertical photograph is difficult for an unprofessional person and the distance/area or the like can not be measured on a single-leaf photograph, or the like. SOLUTION: While flying at a required altitude on a scheduled photographing course, viewing the own aircraft position on a display by utilizing a personal computer loaded on the aircraft and a GPS, a side oblique photograph in the fixed direction is taken by a digital camera. Image modification of the photographed image is performed so as to agree with a topographic map or the like by utilizing a dedicated software, to thereby manufacture a pseudo orthoscopic image quickly and inexpensively. Reading and measurement are performed on the photograph of the completed pseudo orthoscopic image, and a countermeasure and a plan are devised, and an estimated picture of completion or the like based thereon is plotted and composited, and utilized for an explanation meeting/public relations material, space information base data of GIS or the like.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an oblique aerial photograph taken from an aircraft, a pseudo-ortho image in which a digital image of the oblique aerial photograph is matched with a coordinate position of an anti-aircraft sign and / or a topographic map, and a method for producing the same. , A technique of using a pseudo-ortho image.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a conventional aerial photography, a photographing course set in advance work is written on a map, and a pilot flies an aircraft with the map and land features on the ground as targets. Meanwhile, the photographer looks into the viewfinder,
Search for the shutter point from the target feature and shoot. However, because the conditions of the wind in the sky are not constant or the like, the vehicle often deviates from the planned course. In this case, since it is found later that an aerial photograph of the required target area has not been obtained, re-shooting is performed at a later date, which often hinders a series of operations.

[0003] In order to solve the above concerns, an aerial photographing apparatus (JP-A-9-79850) has been devised. The outline of this aerial photographing device is to use a personal computer and GPS, input the latitude and longitude of the starting and ending points of the shooting course to the personal computer, confirm the flight position with GPS data, display the shooting point and automatic shutter drive, Although it was devised to ensure the accuracy of the shooting points, it is difficult to use it unless the shooting scale is appropriate, and advanced pilot maneuvering skills are required.

[0004] The aerial photograph thus taken is a vertical aerial photograph taken in the vertical direction, which is very different from a normal sense obtained from the visual sense on the ground. Is often difficult to read Therefore, this photo interpretation requires experience and specialized knowledge.

Further, it is impossible to measure the distance, area, angle, etc. on an uncorrected single-leaf photograph irrespective of a vertical photograph or an oblique photograph due to image distortion. Therefore, based on stereo images obtained by continuously taking vertical aerial photographs (two photographs of the same point taken from two directions), three-dimensional measurement is performed with a plotter to produce topographic maps. Is going. Furthermore, an orthorectified image in which all points on the image are relocated to the true geographical position on an equal scale based on the height information is a highly accurate photographic map, but is expensive and requires a long production time. Needs

Accordingly, a digital mosaic photograph map (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Hei 7-281593) can be produced by converting the collected vertical aerial photographs and topographic maps into digital images, performing two-dimensional matching, and producing them inexpensively in a short time. Although techniques have been developed, the difficulty of reading features has not been eliminated due to the nature of vertical aerial photography. Further, since vertical aerial photographs taken in the past are used, the latest image information cannot be obtained.

Next, a method for correcting distortion of aerial photograph using a photograph taken from an artificial satellite (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-2)
76045) has been proposed, but there are still questions about the speed and cost of obtaining satellite photos.

[0008]

Problems to be solved by the conventional aerial photography are listed below. 1. Aerial photography requires high technical skill and experience. 2. Interpretation of vertical photographs is difficult for non-specialists. 3. Production of ortho images requires a great deal of production cost and time. 4.Distance, area, on single leaf photograph
Angle measurement is not possible. 5. The utilization range of image information is narrow. And so on. That is, the present invention is a problem to be solved.

[0009]

Means for Solving the Problems An explanation will be given along a flowchart of FIG. 1 for aerial photography and pseudo-ortho image production. In order to solve the above problems, in the present invention, a personal computer 101 and a GPS 103 are mounted on an aircraft. As advance preparations on the ground, software dedicated to flight course check is activated, a topographic map of the target place and its surroundings is searched and displayed, and the target place and the photographing course are set as indicated by 102. Next, a photograph is taken by a digital camera 104 above the site. At the time of the shooting flight, the flight course check software is activated, and the information of the scheduled shooting course and GPS from the display is used to display the position of the aircraft at the same time. Maintain altitude and fly. Photographers use a digital camera to continuously cover the target area,
Take an oblique aerial photograph in a certain direction so that the images are duplicated.

[0010] As shown at 105, during the shooting flight, the personal computer continuously compares and verifies the position information of the vehicle from the GPS with the scheduled shooting course, and if there is a course deviation, displays a deviation about the departure place. Then, re-photographing of the place deviating from the course is performed so that there is no omission of photography. The present invention has solved the problem that aerial photography requires high technical skill and experience by such means.

After the photographing is completed, the photographed image is wirelessly transmitted from the sky to the image processing center 108 as shown at 106. A mobile phone line is used as a means for wireless transmission. When transmission from the sky is not possible, as shown at 107, after landing, transmission is performed via a communication line or recording medium is transmitted.

The image processing center refers to a base for producing a pseudo-ortho image by combining a digital image of an oblique aerial photograph with the coordinate position and / or topographic map of an anti-aircraft sign. The image processing center prepares image matching software 109 shown in FIG. Further, a digital topographic map issued by the Geographical Survey Institute is obtained as a preliminary work, and a topographic map data bank indicated by 110 is constructed. Alternatively, coordinate information of the required number of anti-aircraft signs installed in the target area is prepared. Alternatively, the topographic maps and the like owned by the customer are digitized by a scanner.

[0013] The pseudo-ortho image is an image in which a digital image of an oblique aerial photograph is matched with the coordinate position of an anti-aircraft sign and / or a topographic map using software for image matching.

Next, the outline of the matching operation indicated by 111 will be described. First, the image matching software 109 is activated, and based on the address and the like of the target place, the air-conditioning sign is sent from the topographic map data bank 110. Search for the coordinate position and / or topographic map and display it in the background. The captured image is retrieved from the image server and displayed on the first layer. Next, the coordinate position and / or topographical map of the anti-aircraft sign and the similar point of the captured image facing each other are referred to as point a of the first layer corresponding to point A of the background image. 100
Points are individually designated visually by the operator.
When the required number of similarity points have been designated, the matching-specific software automatically performs the matching operation in response to a matching operation start instruction. When the matching operation on the first layer is completed, the same operation is repeated for the next captured image, and the matching operation for the entire target area is performed. When the matching operation is completed, a pseudo-ortho image is completed by integrating and storing the images as shown at 112. That is, in the present invention, since the pseudo-ortho image is produced by using the oblique aerial photograph, the interpretation is facilitated, and the problem that the interpretation of the vertical photograph is difficult for non-specialized persons is solved. In addition, by producing a pseudo-ortho image using software dedicated to image matching, the problem that the production of an ortho image requires a large production cost and time was solved.

Next, as shown at 113, the data is transmitted to the customer via the communication line. If the customer cannot receive or cannot output the photo, the photo is output as a pseudo-ortho image shown at 114 or sent by a recording medium such as a CD-ROM.

Next, the method of using the pseudo-ortho image shown in FIG. 4 will be described. The pseudo-ortho image 401 has an accuracy close to that of a background image such as a topographic map used in the production process. Therefore, the situation on the site can be grasped quantitatively (distance, area, angle, etc.) as indicated by 402 on the pseudo-ortho image. Therefore,
The present invention has solved the problem that distance, area, and angle cannot be measured on a single leaf photograph.

Next, on the pseudo-ortho image, the design result is drawn or another photograph is pasted to produce a completed expected photograph, which is used as a briefing / public relations material for 406.
In addition, it can be used as a house map by entering the name etc. on the house. Therefore, the present invention has solved the problem that the utilization range of image information is narrow.

In a geographic information system, a topographic map is conventionally used as a spatial information data base. By replacing the pseudo-ortho image with a topographic map or by using it together, it becomes possible to grasp the site in a realistic manner. Therefore, the present invention can solve the problem that the utilization range of image information is narrow.

If the environment above the shooting site and between the image processing center and the customer can be accessed through a communication line,
Since pseudo-ortho images can be obtained in a short period of time, they can be used for disaster countermeasures that require an urgent grasp of the current situation, or for grasping, measuring, recording, and storing the current situation of a traffic accident site.
Therefore, the present invention can solve the problem that the utilization range of image information is narrow. .

Next, the technical contents of the present invention will be summarized and described.

The oblique aerial photograph of the present invention includes a personal computer and a G
Install the PS on the aircraft, launch the flight course check software, display the topographical map of the shooting target area, the planned shooting course and the position of the aircraft itself, and display the departure location if the flight course under shooting deviates from the planned shooting course However, the pilot steered while visually recognizing this, and made sure that there was no omission in shooting.

The pseudo-ortho image of the present invention is obtained by combining a digital image of an oblique aerial photograph with a coordinate position and / or a topographic map of an antiaircraft sign.

The method for producing a pseudo-ortho image of the present invention is as follows.
A digital image of an oblique aerial photograph is matched with the coordinate position of an anti-aircraft sign and / or a topographic map using image matching software.

The method of using the pseudo-ortho images of the present invention is as follows.
It is to measure distance, area and angle using pseudo-ortho images and use them for planning and design.

The method of using a pseudo-ortho image of the present invention is as follows.
To draw a drawing of expected completion on a pseudo-ortho image, or to attach and use another photograph.

The method of using the pseudo-ortho image of the present invention is as follows.
The use of pseudo-ortho images as a spatial information data base in a geographic information system.

The method of using the pseudo-ortho image of the present invention is as follows.
Records pseudo-ortho images at traffic accident sites, disaster sites, etc.
It is used for storage.

[0028]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A description will be given along a flowchart of FIG. When the location to be photographed is set by consultation or instruction with the customer, the personal computer mounted on the aircraft is started as shown at 201 before dispatching the aircraft to the site, and the address search screen shown at 202 is displayed. A topographical map of the shooting target place and the surrounding area is searched from the address, and the setting of the shooting target place is displayed as a map screen 203.

Next, when the photographing of the photographing target place is route-wise,
As shown at 204, a designated point is set at the center of the route at a change point from the start point to the end point, a polygonal line connecting the change points is displayed, and a parallel distance is set at a fixed distance (the set value is changed according to the shooting altitude). ) A route-like photographing course indicated by 205 is designated at a distant position, and is displayed with a wide color line (for example, red) (a width is corrected when a 211 course error setting described later is input).

On the other hand, when the photographing target area is planar, 206
As shown in (4), the four points at the four corners of the target place are specified, the shooting flight direction, the distance between the shooting courses (setting values are changed according to the shooting altitude), and the like are set, and the two-dimensional shooting course indicated by 207 is specified . At this time, the display method of the photographing target place makes it easy to visually recognize the target place by displaying a flag in four corners, and by selectively using a method of drawing four sides and coloring the whole area of the target place. The display of the photographing course is displayed by a wide color line (for example, red) when the width of the course is corrected when a 211 course error setting is input as described above.

Next, a plurality of set photographing target locations and photographing courses are checked as shown at 208, and if there is no error, a GPS reception test is carried out at 209, and a current position display shown at 210 is performed. Check if normal, 2
As shown in FIG. 11, the error setting of the course is input, and the scheduled photographing course is determined. (This setting operation can be reset even during the flight.) After performing the above operations on the ground before the flight, the aircraft takes off as shown at 212 to the target site.

In the target ground sky, as shown at 213, the photographing target place and the course are selected and displayed, and the pilot selects the planned photographing course displayed on the display of the personal computer and the G.
Fly while maintaining the course and altitude while visually recognizing the position of the aircraft displayed in the PS information. The photographer uses a digital camera to perform oblique photographing at a certain direction 214. Each photographed image is photographed so as to have an overlap of about 50% in the traveling direction and about 30% between courses.

While flying on the shooting course, 215
Are displayed and the flight trajectory is displayed and compared and verified as shown in 216. When the user flies within the planned shooting course, the red color indicating the planned course is changed to blue. As shown in 217, if the vehicle deviates from the scheduled course, the red color indicating the scheduled course is displayed as it is. Therefore, when the flight / photographing of one course is completed, the color indicating the completed course is checked, and if red remains, only that place is re-flighted and photographed again. When it is confirmed that there is no deviation from the shooting course, the shooting of the course ends. Hereinafter, shooting of all courses is performed by the same operation.

After the photographing is completed, the image data is transmitted to the image processing center using a mobile phone line or the like during the flight. However, the mobile phone line or the like often becomes disconnected above the mountainous area.
If a large amount of image data is transmitted, it takes too much time to transmit and a trouble is likely to occur. In such a case, after landing on the aircraft, the photographed image is transmitted through a communication line or the like. Alternatively, the photographed image information is transmitted on a recording medium.

The photographed image received by the image processing center is
File to image server. On the other hand, as advance preparation, coordinate information of the survey calculation result of the
Alternatively, obtain a digital topographic map issued by the Geographical Survey Institute and construct a topographic map data bank. Alternatively, a topographic map or the like owned by the customer is digitized by a scanner and stored.

Next, the contents of the image matching operation will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. First, the image matching software is activated, and as shown at 301, information on the anti-aircraft sign and / or topographic map is input (background image).
As shown in FIG. 2, a captured image is input (first layer).
Next, the background image and the first layer are alternately displayed, or the background image is displayed on the left half of the display, and the first layer is displayed on the right half.
As shown in 04, point a on the first layer,
Designate similar points facing each other based on the operator's vision. The specified number of similar points is 20 to
The score is 100, and the reason will be described below.

When a feature is acquired as a single digital image through a lens, strictly considering image distortion, only one point is image information without distortion regardless of vertical or diagonal. On the other hand, all other image information is considered to have distortion. The reasons for the distortion can be roughly classified into the following three points. The distortion factor of a device called a camera. (For example, lens convergence error) The distortion factor of the central projection method through a lens. Distortion factors (including sphere differences and air differences) caused by non-smooth features (altitude differences) Considering the above in general terms, one piece of image information is distorted at a uniform rate as a whole. Rather than having it, it can be said that each part has distortion in each size and direction. Therefore, if the entire image is corrected at the same rate, it is highly likely that the contour portion of the image is corrected but the internal portion is not corrected. From the above viewpoint, in the present invention, since the distortion correction is performed for each small range as much as possible, the designated number of 20 to 100 points per one image is obtained. That is, if the target area is relatively smooth, the number of designated similar points may be small, but in a place where undulations are severe, it is necessary to designate the similar points up to the full limit range.

Next, as shown at 305, the number of designated points is checked, and if it is within the range, as shown at 306, the operator designates each outermost point at the designated points on the first layer. It is visually recognized, and the designated point is clicked again to be recognized (color change display), and as shown at 307, the outer image of the polygon connecting the outer points is deleted.
The designated point recognized in 306 is a designated point on the next adjacent image, and is a joint line position of the adjacent image. Therefore, the outermost designated point recognized on the first layer is automatically recognized also on the similar background image, and until the adjacent image correction processing is completed, the designated point on the background image is completed. Is memorized.

Next, by the automatic correction process shown at 308,
Perform image correction processing. In this processing operation, first, a specified point at the lower left of the specified point is searched, and using this as a reference point, three points adjacent thereto are searched, and a polygon having four points including the reference point is set. Set many polygons by the same operation. At this time, the polygon is basically set with four points. However, depending on the position of the peripheral portion or the designated point, the polygon may be set with three points. Therefore, a polygon having four points is to be converted by an affine transformation function, and a polygon having three points is to be converted by a Helmert transformation function.

When the matching operation is completed by the automatic correction, as shown at 309, if there is a next adjacent image, it is displayed on the second layer, and the operations after 303 are repeated. By repeating the same operation and completing the matching operation for the entire target area, as shown at 310, the file is filed as one integrated image, the four corners of the necessary area of the target area are designated, and the range is cut out. 311 are completed.

Next, referring to the flowchart of FIG. 4, the pseudo-ortho image shown at 401 for explaining the method of using the pseudo-ortho image is based on an oblique aerial photograph. In addition, it is easy to read the target place, and it is possible to grasp the current situation in detail and realistically. Furthermore, the distance, area, and angle were measured on the photograph, and 403
Can be used for planning and design.

What was planned and designed by 403 is 4
It is created as a photograph of the expected completion diagram shown in FIG. After verifying the result as indicated by 405, the pseudo-ortho image indicating the current state and the expected completion image are used as materials for a local briefing session or public relations magazine indicated by 406. Furthermore, by entering the name and the like of each house and the like, it can be used as a house map. On the other hand, G shown in 407
As a spatial information data base in IS (Geographic Information System), there is a method of using a pseudo-ortho image in place of a conventional topographic map, or a method of using as a current record and storage shown in 408.

[0043]

Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described in order.

Embodiment 1 Specific details of oblique aerial photograph acquisition will be described. First, the range of the shooting target place and the shooting direction are determined in consultation with the customer. The shooting direction at this time is
Refers to the direction in which the image is taken obliquely. Generally, the oblique aerial photograph is viewed from the south to the north, but may be an oblique aerial photograph in a direction from the sea side to the mountain side regardless of the direction depending on the target place. Next, when it is necessary to acquire detailed features, the shooting altitude is 1,000 feet above the ground, or 3,000 feet above the ground if the degree of individual housing is to be grasped, or the whole situation is grasped. 5,000 feet above ground,
The shooting altitude is determined according to the purpose.

After the consultation with the customer is completed, advance preparations are made using the on-board personal computer and GPS. First, launch a flight course check software,
Search from the address of the shooting target location and display a topographic map around the target location. At this time, enlargement / reduction or scrolling is performed so that a necessary range is displayed.

If the target place is a route such as a road or a river, the starting point and the end point are confirmed, and the point is set by clicking with the cursor or the mouse. Next, in the middle part, a point considered to be a change point is selected while considering the entire route, and a necessary amount of middle point is set. Next, a polygonal line connecting each set point from the start point to the end point is displayed, and is set as a shooting center line of the target location. Flags are displayed at the start and end points, and a thin black line is used as the center line.

Since the oblique aerial photograph, with respect to the center line,
A parallel shooting course is set at a distant position, but is generally set in a direction located south of the center line. The distance between the center line and the shooting course is set based on 500 m when the altitude is 3000 feet above the ground.

When the shooting course is set, a red line with a line width of 15 m is displayed in accordance with the scale of the topographic map being displayed at that time, and further, 300 m of the approach course is displayed with a blue line on the starting point side. Is set by extending a line segment connecting the starting point and the next intermediate point to the starting point toward the starting point. The line width of 15 m is an error included in a commercially available GPS, and is set so as to confirm the amount first.

Next, when the target area is a wide area,
On the topographic map around the target area, four points are set at the four corners indicating the range, flags are displayed at the four points, and four sides are displayed as thin black lines. Furthermore, the area surrounded by the four sides is light orange to make it easier to see.

Next, a provisional photographing course is set. Generally, one side located on the southernmost side of the four sides is selected, and a course parallel to this line segment and separated by a predetermined interval is set to cover the entire target area. The constant interval at this time is set based on 500 m at 3,000 feet above ground as described above.

Next, all the provisional courses set above are shifted by one course parallel to the south direction to form a shooting course.
The setting of the line width of the shooting course and the approach course are the same as the above-described route-based shooting course setting.

Next, when there are a plurality of shooting target locations, a shooting course and the like are set by the same method, and a file is attached to each shooting target location with a number and a place name. Search and display all the shooting target locations again to confirm whether there is an error setting.

Next, the aircraft is moved out of the hangar.
While the aircraft is stationary, activate GPS, perform a reception test, and display the position of the aircraft itself to confirm normality.

Next, an error setting input of the photographing course is performed.
The permissible error in the case of a route target location is generally set at 5% of the distance between the center line and the course. When this numerical value is considered as a real number, it becomes 25 m when the distance between courses is 500 m, and G
If the included error of PS of 15 m is added, it becomes 40 m. In other words, it is assumed that the imaging range of the imaging target location is acquired with a shift of 40 m. Therefore, the photographing altitude is determined with this in mind.

Next, the error setting input of the area to be photographed is also
As described above, 5% of the distance between courses is generally set. In this case, since the error of the real number is 40 m, the maximum error between courses is 80 m. Since the target is 30% overlapped shooting between courses, the actual number of overlaps is 500
m × 0.3 = 150 m, and the overlap of 150−80 = 70 m is ensured, which does not hinder the matching operation described later.

In the above-described case where the allowable error of the photographing course is set to 5%, the course width is 25 m. 25m seen from the pilot is a numerical value sufficient to suppress the influence of the gusts in the sky within this range. Therefore, the pilot can operate with a margin.

Next, the aircraft is caused to fly toward the shooting target place, and the personal computer / GPS is activated before takeoff. When approaching the vicinity of the shooting target place, a flag indicating the target place, a planned shooting course, and the like start to be displayed on the display, and thus the display is enlarged or reduced so as to display a necessary range. Before starting shooting, observe the wind conditions and vertical visibility over the target ground, and examine whether the previously prepared shooting altitude and the tolerance of the shooting course are appropriate. If necessary, change the setting of the shooting altitude and the allowable error.

Next, the pilot flies from the approach course to the scheduled shooting course. The photographer sets the digital camera at a fixed angle in a diagonal direction, and starts shooting with a signal at the beginning of the course of the pilot. The pilot
Fly on the scheduled course while visually recognizing the position of the own aircraft displayed on the GPS. The photographer releases the shutter while confirming about 50% overlap in the traveling direction.

When the photographing of one course is completed, the course photographed and flighted is confirmed on the display, and it is confirmed that there is no red display. If there is a red color, just shoot that part in the same way as before and finish shooting the course.

In a similar manner, after the photographing target place is photographed, the user flies to the next photographing target place. At this time, if necessary, the photographed image is transmitted to the image processing center using a mobile phone line. At this time, transmission and reception are often not possible due to the amount of transmitted images and the position of the aircraft at this time.

Embodiment 2 An embodiment will be described with respect to work in an image processing center. First, launch image matching software and start the image server. From the topographic map data bank, the coordinate position of the anti-aircraft sign and / or the topographic map is retrieved from the address of the shooting target location and displayed as a background image. At this time, the final scale is set as a pseudo-ortho image. Next, the first image is retrieved from the image server and displayed on the first layer.

Both the background image and the first layer are corrected to a size and direction suitable for the work. Next, display the background image,
Select the salient points of the feature, that is, the corner of the intersection, the corner on the near side of the building, the corner of the slope, the corner of the bridge, the corner of the jetty, etc., and specify the similar point. The designation of the similarity point is clearly orange with a circle with a + hour, and a serial number is added. Next, the same position as the designated point on the background image is searched for on the image of the first layer, and designated as a similar point. At this time, the same number is assigned to the designated point on the background image to associate them.

In the work of designating the similarity point, in addition to the method of alternately displaying the background image and the first layer and performing the same, the method of dividing the display into left and right, displaying each, and comparing the left and right and performing the comparison is performed. is there. This is an operator choice.

The more complicated the undulation of the target area, the greater the designated number of similar points. By the way, the designated number is 100
In this case, the number of polygons described later can be set to about 90 or more. This means that the entire image in the range specified by similarity points is divided into approximately 90 small areas and image conversion is performed, so that the number of specified points is limited to 100, which means that correction can be made up to the part inside the specified point The reason for this is that even if the division correction is performed more than this, no difference is observed in the corrected image for the time required for the correction work. Further, even if the target place is a relatively flat place, unless the minimum 20 points are specified, the object of the present invention will not be achieved.

Next, the designated number of points is controlled by software.
Check the range of 0-100. After confirming the inside of the regulation value, the operator visually recognizes the outermost designated point on the first layer, and recognizes the designated point by clicking the designated point again (displayed in red). The polygonal outer images connecting them are deleted at this point. The re-recognized designated point is a joint position with the adjacent image, so that the re-recognized designated point is held until the end of the correction work in conjunction with the designated point on the background image.

Next, in response to a correction work instruction, a correction processing work is automatically started. At the beginning of the processing operation, a specified point on the lower left is searched for a specified point on the background image, and three adjacent points are searched using this as a reference point. Next, four points including the reference point are set as the first polygon. Similarly, search for the adjacent specified point and set the polygon,
At this time, it is basically to set a polygon having four points, but it may be a three-point polygon depending on the peripheral portion or the position of the designated point.

After setting the polygons in the entire specified range, the polygon having four points is converted by the affine transformation function, and the polygon having three points is converted by the Helmert transformation function. Do.

When the correction work of the first layer is completed, the next photographed image is displayed on the second layer, and the same work as described above is repeated to perform the work of correcting the entire target area. When all the correction operations have been completed, all the corrected images are integrated into one image. Further, in the integrated image, four corners of the necessary range of the target place are designated, and the four corners are cut out to complete the pseudo-ortho image. Finally, it is stored as a completed pseudo-ortho image.

Embodiment 3 A method of using a pseudo-ortho image will be described. Since the features of the pseudo-ortho image of the present invention have already been described, they will be omitted, and the creation of the completion forecast diagram will be specifically described. The target area is a road improvement plan. The current road is partially widened and partially centerline-changed at about 1,000 m. First, the current state is photographed by the above-described method, and is completed as a pseudo-ortho image.

Next, the pseudo-ortho image of the site is displayed on the background image, the first layer is placed on top (only the background image is visible because it is in a transparent state), and the point of the plan center line is determined from the design document of the site. Specify exactly and draw the center line. Next, the positions of the left and right lane widths, sidewalk widths, side grooves, and the like are drawn with thin lines, and the skeleton portion is calibrated. In a similar manner, the detail of the tree plantations, pedestrian crossings,
The intersection display section and the like are drawn with thin lines.

Next, the second layer is inserted between the background image and the first layer, and a thin line (planning line) on the first layer is formed.
In accordance with, the asphalt color of the road will be the width of the road, the sidewalk will be the color of the blocks used, and the gutter will be colored in a whitish gray with a concrete feel. In this state, the second
The colored part on the layer becomes as if you are working on site because the background image is not visible.
Since the planning thin line on the first layer is located at the top,
It is possible to confirm whether the coloring work on the second layer is performed correctly.

When the drawing of the planned route is completed on the second layer, the image of the second layer is integrated so as to cover the background image. Next, on this integrated image, movement and removal of houses due to construction are processed for each house. As for the processing method, the removal is done by painting the image of the house with a lawn or the like, moving (the pulling house) selects the image of the house, and moving that part, and on an empty white background, the naturalness of the lawn, tree planting, etc. is brought out. By processing the entire area in the same manner, an overall expected image can be obtained.

Embodiment 4 A specific embodiment will be described for a method of using and recording the current state. If a traffic accident occurs,
Police officers have verified the site and simple surveying to grasp the site has been performed.However, by using the pseudo-ortho image of the present invention, it was possible to grasp the current situation quantitatively,
It becomes possible at the same time until storage. As a method, the position of the result of hearing by the police officer is obtained by placing a required number of cards with symbols of 50 to 70 cm square at that position and photographing the card from the sky to complete it as a pseudo-ortho image.

[0074]

According to the oblique aerial photographing method of the present invention, the position of the own aircraft is visually recognized on the scheduled photographing course displayed on the display of the personal computer by the information from the GPS.
It is only necessary that the pilot has basic flight skills to fly at the required altitude. Furthermore, every time one shooting course ends,
Check for deviations from the course, and if there is a deviation from the planned shooting course, the location of the deviation will be displayed, so you can re-photograph the deviation location, so you can be sure even if you are not an experienced pilot or photographer It is possible to take oblique aerial photographs in the required range, so that there is no effect on a series of operations.

Since the pseudo-ortho image according to the present invention has an accuracy close to the accuracy of the anti-aircraft sign and / or topographic map of the background image used for matching and uses an oblique aerial photograph, it is three-dimensional. Can capture features
Therefore, there is an effect that even a non-specialized person can easily read.

The pseudo-ortho images according to the present invention can be produced quickly and inexpensively by oblique aerial photography using a digital camera and using image matching software.

The pseudo-ortho image according to the present invention can be used for planning and designing by measuring distance, area, angle, etc. on a single-leaf photograph.

The pseudo-ortho image according to the present invention can be used as a plan to complete the plan / design results or as a result of pasting other photographs to produce explanatory materials and publicity materials. Has the effect of doing

When the pseudo-ortho image according to the present invention is used as a spatial information data base of a geographic information system (GIS), a large amount of information can be provided and a local situation can be made more realistic than spatial information data of a topographic map. It can be easily understood by ordinary people who are unfamiliar with topographic maps.

Transmission and reception of image information can be performed by using all communication lines from the shooting site to the image processing center and the customer.
Since the present situation of the target site can be obtained within a few hours as a pseudo-ortho image of the present invention, it is effective for urgent work such as grasping and storing records of emergency disaster sites and traffic accident sites.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 shows an overview of the implementation of the method of the present invention for producing pseudo-ortho images from oblique aerial photography.

FIG. 2 shows a flowchart of software dedicated to flight course check for performing operations such as setting of a shooting target place and a shooting course and verification of a flight course during shooting in oblique aerial photography according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart of image matching software for performing a work of matching a captured image with a background image of an anti-aircraft sign and / or a topographic map according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 shows a flow of a method of using a pseudo-ortho image according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

101 Personal computer 103 GPS 104 Digital camera 108 Image processing center 109 Image matching dedicated software 110 Topographic map data bank 203 Map screen 205 Designation of route-like photography course 207 Designation of area-like photography course 213 Selection display of photography target place and course 215 Course And display of flight trajectory 301 Information input of anti-air sign and / or topographic map (background image) 302 Captured image input (first layer) 308 Automatic correction processing 311, 401 Pseudo ortho image

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A personal computer and a GPS are mounted on an aircraft, a flight course check software is started, a topographic map of a shooting target area, a planned shooting course and a position of the own aircraft are displayed, and a flight course during shooting is a planned shooting course. When the vehicle deviates, the location of the departure is displayed, and the pilot controls the vehicle while observing it, avoiding omission of shooting, and continuously oblique aerial photographs taken in duplicate. 2. A pseudo-ortho image in which a digital image of an oblique aerial photograph is combined with a coordinate position of an anti-aircraft sign and / or a topographic map. 3. A method for producing a pseudo-ortho image in which a digital image of an oblique aerial photograph is combined with a coordinate position of an anti-aircraft sign and / or a topographic map using image matching software. 4. Using a pseudo-ortho image, distance, area,
A method of measuring angles and using them for planning and design. 5. A method of drawing a predicted drawing or attaching another photograph on a pseudo-ortho image. 6. A method of using a pseudo-ortho image as a spatial information data base in a geographic information system. 7. A method of using a pseudo-ortho image for recording / archiving a traffic accident site, a disaster site, and the like.