JP2002341565A - Electrophotographic device and process cartridge for electrophotographic device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electrophotographic device realizing high resolution, a long life and high image quality, and to provide the electrophotographic device and a process cartridge for an electrophotographic device incorporating an electrophotographic sensitive body using short wavelength LD light as a writing light source, optimally designed to realize the high resolution and the high image quality in the wavelength of the writing light source, and designed to be excellent in durability. SOLUTION: This electrophotographic device has at least the electrophotographic sensitive body, an electrifying means, an image exposure means, a developing means and a transfer means. The writing light of the image exposure means is a semiconductor laser beam having the oscillation wavelength of 400 to 450 nm. The electrophotographic sensitive body having an induction effect is mounted on the electrophotographic device.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electrophotographic apparatus and a process cartridge for an electrophotographic apparatus used in a copying machine, a printer, a facsimile, and the like, and more particularly, to a method capable of outputting a high-resolution, long-life and high-quality image. The present invention relates to a designed electrophotographic apparatus and a process cartridge for the electrophotographic apparatus.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, there has been a remarkable development of an information processing system using an electrophotographic system. In particular, a printer using a digital recording system in which information is converted into a digital signal and information is recorded by light has been significantly improved in print quality and reliability. This digital recording method is applied not only to printers but also to ordinary copying machines, and so-called digital copying machines have been developed. Further, since the digital copier is added with various information processing functions, its demand is expected to increase in the future.

[0003] However, current electrophotographic apparatuses have a resolution of 300 to 60 except for an apparent increase in resolution by image processing.
The effective resolution was about 0 dpi, which was not enough for a photographic image. Therefore, a higher resolution electrophotographic apparatus is desired, and development for it is being performed. To increase the resolution, it is effective to reduce the minimum dot diameter. To achieve this, an image exposure means with a smaller beam diameter, an electrophotographic photoreceptor that enables a small potential latent image, and a reproducibility Developing means for developing well is required. However, an electrophotographic apparatus satisfying all of them has not been developed yet.

Conventionally, small and inexpensive semiconductor lasers (LDs) and light emitting diodes (LEDs) have been widely used as image exposure means. At present, the most frequently used oscillation wavelength range of the LD is in the near infrared light range around 780 to 800 nm. The beam spot diameter is about 150 to 50 μm. In order to narrow this to a dot diameter of about 20 to 30 μm corresponding to 1200 dpi or a dot diameter of about 10 to 15 μm corresponding to 2400 dpi, an ultra-high-precision optical component or a large optical member is required, and cost and space are reduced. Could not be put to practical use.

To solve the above problem, it is effective to shorten the wavelength of the light source. For example, when a violet to blue short-wavelength LD whose oscillation wavelength is about half that of a conventional near-infrared region LD is used as a writing light source, as shown by the following formula (1), It is theoretically possible to make the beam spot diameter much smaller. Therefore, they are very advantageous for increasing the writing density of the latent image, that is, the resolution.

[0006]

D∝ (π / 4) (λf / D) (1) (where d is the spot diameter on the photoconductor, λ is the wavelength of the laser beam, f is the focal length of the fθ lens, and D is the lens. Represents the diameter.)

However, the development of short-wavelength semiconductor lasers in the blue region has been slower than that of long-wavelength semiconductor lasers in the red to near-infrared region, and has been far from practical use until recently. Therefore, a long wavelength semiconductor laser is used in a digital copying machine or the like, and a built-in electrophotographic photosensitive member has been developed according to the wavelength of the light source. In recent years, blue semiconductor lasers have been developed and are finally being put to practical use. Under these circumstances, it is expected to be mounted as a writing light source for an ultra-high resolution electrophotographic apparatus, as disclosed in JP-A-5-19598 and JP-A-9-2400.
No. 51, JP-A-2000-105475, JP-A-2000-105476, JP-A-2000-105
478, JP-A-2000-105479 disclose an electrophotographic apparatus using a blue semiconductor laser as a light source,
An electrophotographic photoreceptor is disclosed. However, the development of electrophotographic photosensitive members and devices adapted to the blue wavelength has just begun, and many problems still remain in achieving the original ultra-high resolution and high quality image output.

According to the study of the present inventors, in order to obtain a high-resolution and high-quality image, which is the largest aim of using the short-wavelength LD writing light, the conventional disclosure is insufficiently achieved. I found it. Generally, as shown in FIG. 1, a semiconductor laser beam including a short-wavelength LD has a characteristic of rapidly outputting light from a certain threshold current (Iph) or more. Therefore, in order to always start up the writing light quickly in the actual device, a constant bias is always applied to the LD during the operation of the actual device, and a state in which a current near the threshold flows is maintained. However, in this state, as can be seen from FIG. 1, the semiconductor laser emits weak light, so that the entire surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is always exposed. As a result, the photoreceptor suffers from light fatigue, and there has been a problem in that due to a decrease in the charging potential of the photoreceptor surface and a decrease in sensitivity, the reproducibility of writing dots is reduced, and abnormal images such as fog, background smear, and black spots are generated. In particular, the blue LD has just begun to be put into practical use, and the output light at this threshold current is stronger than that of the long-wavelength LD.

As described above, the speed, size, and image quality of electrophotographic printers, electrophotographic copiers, and the like using the electrophotographic system have been increasing at present. And the use conditions in the electrophotographic process are becoming more and more severe. In particular, the wear of the photoconductor is promoted by the installation of the charging roller around the photoconductor and cleaning by a rubber blade or the like, and the potential fluctuation due to the film thickness phenomenon,
The sensitivity fluctuation causes the abnormal image, the color balance of the color image is lost, and the color reproducibility causes a problem.

In addition, the binder resin and the charge transport material are oxidized and degraded by ozone generated during charging due to prolonged use, and ionic compounds generated during charging, such as nitrate ion, sulfate ion, ammonium ion, and organic acid compound. Is accumulated on the surface of the photoreceptor, which causes a problem that image quality is deteriorated. For this reason, it is more important to further increase the durability of the photoreceptor and to improve the physical properties of its surface layer.

[0011]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic apparatus having high resolution, long life and high image quality. For this purpose, a short wavelength LD light is used as a writing light source, and the writing light source is used. An object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic apparatus and a process cartridge for an electrophotographic apparatus, each of which includes an electrophotographic photosensitive member that is optimally designed to achieve high resolution and high image quality at a wavelength and is designed to have excellent durability. .

[0012]

Means for Solving the Problems In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have conducted intensive studies. As a result, the above-mentioned problems can be solved by (1) the present invention. , Developing means and transfer means, wherein the writing light of the image exposure means is 400 to 450 nm.
And (2) an output threshold of the semiconductor laser, wherein the electrophotographic photoconductor is a semiconductor laser beam having an emission wavelength of, and is equipped with an electrophotographic photosensitive member having an induction effect. (3) The electrophotographic apparatus according to the above (1), wherein the potential decay due to exposure at the value current is 5% or less of the charged surface potential. (1) wherein a photosensitive layer is provided on a conductive support, and the photosensitive layer is obtained by dispersing photoconductive fine particles in a binder resin.
(4) The electrophotographic device according to (1), wherein the photoconductive fine particles are a phthalocyanine compound, an azo compound, or zinc oxide. (5) "The electrophotographic photoreceptor has a charge generation layer and a heterogeneous charge transport layer on a conductive support, and the heterogeneous charge transport layer has a phase separation between the charge transport material and the binder resin. (6) The electrophotographic apparatus according to (1), wherein the charge transporting material is a polymer type charge transporting material. (5) The electrophotographic apparatus according to the item (1), wherein the outermost surface of the photosensitive layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is formed by dispersing at least a filler. And (8) "Electrophotographic photoreceptor" Filler in the layer, titanium oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, indium oxide, silicon nitride, calcium oxide, barium sulfate, silica, colloidal silica, alumina, carbon black,
The above (1), which is any one or a mixture of a fine powder of a fluorine resin, a fine powder of a polysiloxane resin, a fine powder of a polyethylene resin, and a graft copolymer having a core-shell structure. Of the electrophotographic device.

Further, the above-mentioned problem is solved by (9) the “(1)
Clause (8), wherein the electrophotographic photosensitive member used in the electrophotographic apparatus according to any one of (1) to (4), and at least one of a charging unit, a developing unit, and a cleaning unit are integrally configured, and the main body of the electrophotographic device is provided. And a process cartridge for an electrophotographic apparatus characterized in that the process cartridge is detachable.

The electrophotographic photoreceptor having an induction effect referred to in the present invention means, as shown in FIG. 2, that the potential does not attenuate until a certain amount of exposure is reached, but abrupt potential decay occurs when the amount of exposure is exceeded. Digital photo-induced potential decay (PI
DC). The present inventors show no light decay up to a certain exposure amount as compared with an electrophotographic photosensitive member in which the potential decay immediately and linearly occurs with respect to the exposure amount as shown in FIG. 3, that is, the present invention has an induction effect. It has been found that the electrophotographic photosensitive member is effective against abnormal images such as background dirt and fog due to weak light from a semiconductor laser as described above.

Although the detailed reason is unknown, the electrophotographic photosensitive member having the induction effect has no sensitivity to the light amount less than the threshold current which emits the weak light.
It is thought that abnormal development such as toner scattering can be prevented in the reversal development method often used in the above-mentioned digital recording method since the potential attenuation amount is smaller than the electrophotographic photosensitive member as shown in FIG. Have been. However,
In this case, it is necessary that the electrophotographic photosensitive member has an induction effect such that light does not attenuate with respect to the writing light output by the input current equal to or less than the threshold current.

Further, among such electrophotographic photoreceptors, those having a surface potential when developed in an electrophotographic process whose potential decay is 5% or less with respect to the charged surface potential are preferable. One of photoconductors having such an induction effect is a single-layer photoconductor in which photoconductive fine particles are dispersed in a binder resin. Organic pigment fine particles or metal oxide fine particles are used as the conductive fine particles.

As the organic pigment fine particles, conventionally known materials can be used, and examples thereof include the following pigments.
As organic pigments, for example, C.I. Pigment Blue 25 (Color Index CI 21180), C.I. Pigment Red 41 (CI. 21200), C.I. Acid Red 52 (CI. 45100), C.I.
5210), an azo pigment having a carbazole skeleton (JP-A-5
3-95033), azo pigments having a distyrylbenzene skeleton (described in JP-A-53-133445), and azo pigments having a triphenylamine skeleton (described in JP-A-53-132347) And azo pigments having a dibenzothiophene skeleton (JP-A-54-217)
No. 28), an azo pigment having an oxadiazole skeleton (described in JP-A-54-12742), and an azo pigment having a fluorenone skeleton (described in JP-A-54-2283).
No. 4), an azo pigment having a bisstilbene skeleton (described in JP-A-54-17733), and an azo pigment having a distyryloxadiazole skeleton (described in JP-A-54-17733).
Azo pigments having a distyrylcarbazole skeleton (described in JP-A-54-14967) and azo pigments having a benzanthrone skeleton, for example, CI Pigment Blue 16 (CI
74100), Y-type oxotitanium phthalocyanine (described in JP-A-64-17066), A (β) -type oxotitanium phthalocyanine, B (α) -type oxotitanium phthalocyanine, I-type oxotitanium phthalocyanine (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-21466). Chlorogallium phthalocyanine type II (Iijima et al., Chemical Society of Japan No. 67)
Spring annual, 1B4, 04 (1994)), V-type hydroxygallium phthalocyanine (Daimon et al., Chemical Society of Japan 67th spring annual, 1B4, 05 (1994)),
X-type metal-free phthalocyanine (US Pat. No. 3,816,1)
No. 18, phthalocyanine-based pigments, C-Ivat Brown 5 (CI 73410), indico-based pigments such as C-I Butt Dye (CI 73030), Argoscarlet B (manufactured by Bayer AG), Intrance Scarlet R
(Manufactured by Bayer AG) and the like. These materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

Examples of the inorganic fine particles include metal oxides such as zinc oxide, titanium oxide, silica, alumina, zirconium oxide, tin oxide, and indium oxide.

As the binder resin, a conventionally known binder resin having good insulating properties can be used. For example, polyethylene, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl formal,
Polystyrene resin, phenoxy resin, polypropylene,
Acrylic resin, methacrylic resin, vinyl chloride resin, vinyl acetate resin, epoxy resin, polyurethane resin, phenol resin, polyester resin, alkyd resin, polycarbonate resin, polyamide resin, silicone resin, addition polymerization type resin such as melamine resin, polyaddition type Resins, polycondensation resins, and copolymer resins containing two or more of the repeating units of these resins, such as vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, styrene-acrylic copolymer and vinyl chloride-
An insulating resin such as a vinyl acetate-maleic anhydride copolymer resin may be used. These resins can be used alone or as a mixture of two or more.

The photosensitive layer can be provided by adding a binder resin, if necessary, to the above compound and an appropriate solvent, dispersing them in fine particles, coating and drying. Examples of the dispersion method include a ball mill, an ultrasonic wave, and a homomixer, and examples of the application method include a dipping coating method, a blade coating method, and a spray coating method.

When a fine particle is dispersed to form a photosensitive layer,
In order to improve the dispersibility in the layer, the fine particles are 10 μm.
m or less, preferably 1 μm or less. In addition, the smaller the better, the better for high image quality and small dot reproducibility. However, the above-mentioned particle size is too small to be easily agglomerated, and the preservation of the dispersion liquid is deteriorated by re-agglomeration, the resistance of the layer is increased, and the crystal defects are increased and the sensitivity and the repetition characteristics are reduced, Alternatively, the lower limit of the average particle size is 0.0
It is preferably 1 μm. The thickness of the photosensitive layer is 15 to 30
It is preferably about μm.

Examples of the solvent used for preparing the dispersion of the photosensitive layer include N, N-dimethylformamide,
Toluene, xylene, monochlorobenzene, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, dichloromethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, tetrahydrofuran, methyl ethyl ketone,
Methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, dioxane and the like can be mentioned.

As the conductive support, a metal plate such as aluminum, nickel, copper, titanium, gold, and stainless steel, a metal drum or a metal foil, aluminum, nickel, copper, titanium, gold, tin oxide, indium oxide, or the like is deposited. Plastic films or papers coated with a conductive substance, plastic films or drums, and the like.
Materials other than the above include metals and alloys such as iron, silver, zinc, lead, tin, antimony, and indium, or oxides of the metals, carbon, and conductive polymers. Molding,
A conductive support obtained by forming a film of the above conductive material on an appropriate substrate by means of coating, vapor deposition, etching, plasma treatment, or the like can be used.

The surface roughness (Rz) value of the conductive support is 0.5.
The range is from 02 μm to 1.5 μm. When the surface roughness of the conductive support is less than 0.02 μm, scattering of laser light is reduced and image defects such as moiré are easily generated, and adhesion to the photosensitive layer is weakened and peeling is caused to cause whitening. It causes image defects such as omission. The surface roughness is 1.
If the thickness exceeds 5 μm, unevenness of the potential on the surface of the photosensitive layer is caused to deteriorate dot reproducibility, and pinholes are generated in the photosensitive layer due to abnormal discharge, and image defects such as black spots occur.

Further, an intermediate layer may be provided between the photosensitive layer and the conductive support. Generally, the intermediate layer formed on the conductive substrate is mainly composed of a resin. However, considering that the photosensitive layer is coated thereon with a solvent, these resins have a solvent resistance to general organic solvents. It is desirable that the resin is high in resin. Such resins include polyvinyl alcohol,
Water-soluble resins such as casein and sodium polyacrylate,
Curable resins that form a three-dimensional network structure, such as alcohol-soluble resins such as copolymerized nylon and methoxymethylated nylon, polyurethanes, melamine resins, phenol resins, alkyd-melamine resins, and epoxy resins.

For preventing moiré and optimizing the resistance value, a fine powder of a metal oxide such as titanium oxide, silica, alumina, zirconium oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, etc. may be added. These intermediate layers can be formed using a suitable solvent and a coating method. Further, silane coupling agents, titanium coupling agents, chromium coupling agents, and the like can also be used.

In addition, the intermediate layer according to the present invention is provided with Al ₂ O ₃ by anodization, an organic substance such as polyparaxylylene (parylene), SiO ₂ , SnO ₂ , TiO ₂ , IT
An inorganic material such as O or CeO ₂ provided by a vacuum thin film forming method can also be used favorably. In addition, known materials can be used.

Further, an electrophotographic photosensitive member having an induction effect comprises a charge generation layer and a heterogeneous charge transport layer on a conductive support, and the heterogeneous charge transport layer binds to a charge transport material. A resin in a state where it is phase-separated from a resin is used. The heterogeneous charge transport layer can be provided by dispersing a charge transport material and an incompatible insulating binder resin in a suitable solvent, coating and drying.

As the charge transporting substance, there are a hole transporting material and an electron transporting material, and these include the following.
Examples of the hole transport material include poly-N-carbazole and derivatives thereof, poly-γ-carbazolylethyl glutamate and derivatives thereof, pyrene-formaldehyde condensates and derivatives thereof, polyvinylpyrene, polyvinylphenanthrene, oxazole derivatives, and imidazole. Derivatives, triphenylamine derivatives, and compounds represented by the following general formulas (1) to (23) are exemplified.

[0030]

Embedded image (Wherein, R ¹ represents a methyl group, an ethyl group, a 2-hydroxyethyl group or a 2-chloroethyl group, R ² represents a methyl group, an ethyl group, a benzyl group or a phenyl group, R ³ represents a hydrogen atom, chlorine Atom, bromine atom, carbon number 1
4 represents an alkyl group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a dialkylamino group or a nitro group. )

[0031]

Embedded image (Wherein, Ar represents a naphthalene ring, an anthracene ring, a pyrene ring and a substituted product thereof, a pyridine ring, a furan ring,
R represents an alkyl group, a phenyl group or a benzyl group; )

[0032]

Embedded image (Wherein, R ¹ represents an alkyl group, a benzyl group, a phenyl group or a naphthyl group, R ² represents a hydrogen atom,
3 represents an alkyl group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a dialkylamino group, a diaralkylamino group or a diarylamino group; n represents an integer of 1 to 4;
In the above case, R ² may be the same or different. R ³ represents a hydrogen atom or a methoxy group. )

[0033]

Embedded image (Wherein, R ¹ represents an alkyl group having 1 to 11 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group or a heterocyclic group,
R ^2, R ³ may be the each selected from the hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, hydroxyalkyl group, a chloroalkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group, and an R ² R ³ may combine with each other to form a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring. R ⁴ may be the same or different and represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group or a halogen atom. )

[0034]

Embedded image (Wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom;
r represents a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, naphthyl group, anthryl group or carbazolyl group. )

[0035]

Embedded image (In the formula, R ¹ represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and Ar represents the following formulas (7) and (8). )

[0036]

Embedded image (R ² represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.)

[0037]

Embedded image (R ³ represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group or a dialkylamino group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and n is 1 or 2, and when n is 2, ³ may be the same or different, and R ⁴ and R ⁵ represent a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted benzyl group.)

[0038]

Embedded image Wherein R is a carbazolyl group, a pyridyl group, a thienyl group, an indolyl group, a furyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, a styryl group, a naphthyl group, or an anthryl group, and these substituents are dialkylamino Group, alkyl group, alkoxy group, carboxy group or ester thereof, halogen atom, cyano group, aralkylamino group, N-alkyl-N-aralkylamino group, amino group, nitro group and acetylamino group Represents a group.)

[0039]

Embedded image (Wherein, R ¹ represents a lower alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, or a benzyl group, and R ² and R ³ represent
A hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group, a halogen atom, a nitro group, an amino group or an amino group substituted with a lower alkyl group or a benzyl group;
Or an integer of 2. )

[0040]

Embedded image (In the formula, R ¹ represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group or a halogen atom, R ² and R ³ represents an alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, R ⁴ Is a hydrogen atom,
Ar represents a lower alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, and Ar represents a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group or a naphthyl group. )

[0041]

Embedded image (Wherein, n is an integer of 0 or 1, R ¹ represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group,
Ar ¹ represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, R ⁵
Represents an alkyl group containing a substituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and A represents the following formula (1)
3) represents a 9-anthryl group or a substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl group, wherein R ² is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a halogen atom or a compound represented by the following formula (1)
M represents an integer of 1 to 5, and when m is 2 or more, R ² may be the same or different. Also, n is 0
In this case, A and R ¹ may form a ring together. )

[0042]

Embedded image

[0043]

Embedded image (However, R ³ and R ⁴ represent an alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, R ³ and R ⁴ may be the same or different, and R ⁴ forms a ring May be)

[0044]

Embedded image (In the formula, R ¹ , R ² and R ³ represent a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group, a halogen atom or a dialkylamino group, and n represents 0 or 1.)

[0045]

Embedded image (Wherein, R ¹ and R ² represent an alkyl group including a substituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group;
A represents a substituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or an allyl group. )

[0046]

Embedded image (Wherein, X represents a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a halogen atom, R represents an alkyl group containing a substituted alkyl group,
Or A represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and A represents a substituted amino group or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group. )

[0047]

Embedded image (Wherein, R ¹ represents a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group or a halogen atom, and R ² and R ³ may be the same or different and represent a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group or a halogen atom; l, m, n are 0 to 4
Represents an integer. )

[0048]

Embedded image (Wherein R ¹ , R ³ and R ⁴ are a hydrogen atom, an amino group, an alkoxy group, a thioalkoxy group, an aryloxy group, a methylenedioxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group,
R ² represents a hydrogen atom, an alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group or a halogen atom; However, the case where all of R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are hydrogen atoms is excluded. Further, k, l, m and n are integers of ¹ , ² , 3 or 4, and when each of them is an integer of 2, 3 or 4, even if R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴ are the same, It may be different. )

[0049]

Embedded image (Wherein, Ar represents a condensed polycyclic hydrocarbon group having 18 or less carbon atoms which may have a substituent, and R ¹ and R ²
Represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, an alkoxy group, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, which may be the same or different. n
Represents an integer of 1 or 2. )

[0050]

A-CH = CH-Ar-CH = CH-A (21) (wherein, Ar represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group, and A represents the following formula (22))

[0051]

Embedded image (However, Ar ′ represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group, and R ¹ and R ² are a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group.)

[0052]

Embedded image (Wherein, Ar represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group, R represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group,
Or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group. n is 0 or 1, m is 1 or 2, and n = 0, m = 1
In the case of Ar, R and R may form a ring together. )

Compounds represented by the above general formula (1) include, for example, 9-ethylcarbazole-3-aldehyde-1-methyl-1-phenylhydrazone, 9-ethylcarbazole-3-aldehyde-1-benzyl-1 -Phenylhydrazone, 9-ethylcarbazole-3-aldehyde-1,1-diphenylhydrazone and the like.

Compounds represented by the above general formula (2) include, for example, 4-diethylaminostyryl-β-aldehyde-1-methyl-1-phenylhydrazone, 4-methoxynaphthalene-1-aldehyde-1-benzyl-1 −
And phenylhydrazone.

Examples of the compound represented by the general formula (3) include 4-methoxybenzaldehyde-1-methyl-1-phenylhydrazone, 2,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde-1-benzyl-1-phenylhydrazone, Diethylaminobenzaldehyde-1,1-diphenylhydrazone, 4-methoxybenzaldehyde-
There are 1- (4-methoxy) phenylhydrazone, 4-diphenylaminobenzaldehyde-1-benzyl-1-phenylhydrazone, 4-dibenzylaminobenzaldehyde-1,1-diphenylhydrazone and the like.

Examples of the compound represented by the general formula (4) include 1,1-bis (4-dibenzylaminophenyl) propane, tris (4-diethylaminophenyl) methane and 1,1-bis (4- Dibenzylaminophenyl) propane and 2,2′-dimethyl-4,4′-bis (diethylamino) -triphenylmethane.

Examples of the compound represented by the general formula (5) include 9- (4-diethylaminostyryl) anthracene and 9-bromo-10- (4-diethylaminostyryl) anthracene.

The compound represented by the general formula (6) includes, for example, 9- (4-dimethylaminobenzylidene)
Fluorene, 3- (9-fluorenylidene) -9-ethylcarbazole and the like.

Examples of the compound represented by the general formula (9) include 1,2-bis (4-diethylaminostyryl) benzene and 1,2-bis (2,4-dimethoxystyryl) benzene.

The compound represented by the general formula (10) includes
For example, 3-styryl-9-ethylcarbazole, 3-
(4-methoxystyryl) -9-ethylcarbazole and the like.

The compounds represented by the general formula (11) include, for example, 4-diphenylaminostilbene, 4-dibenzylaminostilbene, 4-ditolylaminostilbene, 1- (4-diphenylaminostyryl) naphthalene, -(4-diethylaminostyryl) naphthalene and the like.

The compound represented by the general formula (12) includes, for example, 4'-diphenylamino-α-phenylstilbene, 4'-bis (4-methylphenyl) amino-
α-phenylstilbene and the like.

The compound represented by the general formula (15) includes, for example, 1-phenyl-3- (4-diethylaminostyryl) -5- (4-diethylaminophenyl) pyrazoline.

The compound represented by the general formula (16) includes, for example, 2,5-bis (4-diethylaminophenyl) -1,3,4-oxadiazole, 2-N, N-diphenylamino-5 -(4-diethylaminophenyl)
-1,3,4-oxadiazole, 2- (4-dimethylaminophenyl) -5- (4-diethylaminophenyl) -1,3,4-oxadiazole and the like.

The compound represented by the general formula (17) includes, for example, 2-N, N-diphenylamino-5- (N
-Ethylcarbazol-3-yl) -1,3,4-oxadiazole, 2- (4-diethylaminophenyl)-
5- (N-ethylcarbazol-3-yl) -1,3,3
4-oxadiazole and the like.

The benzidine compound represented by the general formula (18) includes, for example, N, N'-3-diphenyl-
N, N'-bis (3-methylphenyl)-[1,1'-
Biphenyl] -4,4'-diamine, 3,3'-dimethyl-N, N, N ', N'-tetrakis (4-methylphenyl)-[1,1'-biphenyl] -4,4'-diamine and so on.

The biphenylylamine compound represented by the general formula (19) includes, for example, 4′-methoxy-N,
N-diphenyl- [1,1′-biphenyl] -4-amine, 4′-methyl-N, N-bis (4-methylphenyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl] -4-amine, 4′- Methoxy-N, N-bis (4-methylphenyl)-[1,
1′-biphenyl] -4-amine, N, N-bis (3,
4-dimethylphenyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl] -4
-Amines and the like.

The triarylamine compound represented by the general formula (20) includes, for example, 1-diphenylaminopyrene, 1-di (p-tolylamino) pyrene, N, N-
Di (p-tolyl) -1-naphthylamine, N, N-di (p-tolyl) -1-phenanthrylamine, 9,9-
Dimethyl-2- (di-p-tolylamino) fluorene,
N, N, N ′, N′-tetrakis (4-methylphenyl) -phenanthrene-9,10-diamine, N, N,
N ', N'-tetrakis (3-methylphenyl) -m-
And phenylenediamine.

Examples of the diolefin aromatic compound represented by the general formula (21) include 1,4-bis (4-diphenylaminostyryl) benzene and 1,4-bis [4
-Di (p-tolyl) aminostyryl] benzene.

Examples of the styrylpyrene compound represented by the general formula (23) include 1- (4-diphenylaminostyryl) pyrene and 1- [4-di (p-tolyl) aminostyryl] pyrene.

Examples of the electron transporting material include chloranil, bromanil, tetracyanoethylene, tetracyanoquinodimethane, 2,4,7-trinitro-9
-Fluorenone, 2,4,5,7-tetranitro-9-
Fluorenone, 2,4,5,7-tetranitroxanthone, 2,4,8-trinitrothioxanthone, 2,6
8-trinitro-indeno 4H-indeno [1,2-b]
Thiophen-4-one, 1,3,7-trinitrodibenzothiophene-5,5-dioxide and the like can be mentioned. Further, the following formulas (24), (25) and (2)
The electron transport materials listed in 6) can be suitably used. These charge transport materials are used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0072]

Embedded image (Wherein R ¹ , R ² and R ³ represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom,
Represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, an alkoxy group, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, which may be the same or different. )

[0073]

Embedded image (In the formula, R ¹ and R ² represent a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, and may be the same or different.)

[0074]

Embedded image (Wherein R ¹ , R ² and R ³ represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom,
Represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, an alkoxy group, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, which may be the same or different. )

Further, a polymer type charge transporting material can also be used, and specific examples thereof include a polymer type charge transporting material represented by the following general formulas (27) to (37) or a mixture thereof.

[0076]

Embedded image

[0077]

Embedded image

[0078]

Embedded image

[0079]

Embedded image

[0080]

Embedded image

[0081]

Embedded image

[0082]

Embedded image

[0083]

Embedded image

[0084]

Embedded image

[0085]

Embedded image

[0086]

Embedded image[Wherein, R₁₁, R₁₂, R₁₃Is a hydrogen atom or Germany
A substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group or halogen atom
Child, R_TenIs a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl
Group, R₁₄, R₁₅, Ar₁₄, Ar₁₅Is substituted or unsubstituted
An aryl group of R ₁₆Is a hydrogen atom, substituted or unsubstituted
Alkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, A
r₉, Ar₁₁, Ar₁₂, Ar₁₃, Ar₁₈, Ar₁₉, Ar
₂₀, Ar_{twenty one}, Ar_{twenty two}, Ar_{twenty three}, Ar_{twenty four}, Ar_{twenty five}, A
r₂₆, Ar₂₇, Ar₂₈, Ar₂₉Are the same or different
Group, X₁, X_Two, Y₁, Y_Two, Y_ThreeIs a single bond, ethylene
Group, vinylene group, p and q represent the composition,
1 ≦ p ≦ 1, 0 ≦ q ≦ 0.9, m represents an integer of 0 to 8
And n represents the number of repeating units and is an integer of 5 to 5000
is there. W is an aliphatic divalent group, a cycloaliphatic divalent group, or
Represents a divalent group represented by the following general formula (38).

[0087]

Embedded image (Wherein, R ₁₀₁ and R ₁₀₂ each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, an aryl group or a halogen atom. Y is a single bond, a linear, branched or cyclic group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms. Alkylene group of -O-, -S-, -SO
_{-, - SO 2 -, -} CO -, - CO-O-Z-O-CO
-(Wherein, Z represents an aliphatic divalent group). ]

Specific examples of the above formulas (27) to (37) include the compounds shown in Table 1.
It is not limited to these.

[0089]

[Table 1-1]

[0090]

[Table 1-2]

[0091]

[Table 1-3]

[0092]

[Table 1-4]

[0093]

[Table 1-5]

These polymer transport materials are in the form of, but not limited to, a homopolymer, a random copolymer, an alternating copolymer, and a block copolymer.

Further, a mixture of these low molecular charge transport materials and high molecular charge transport materials may be used as the charge transport material. As the binder resin used for the charge transport layer,
For example, specifically, polystyrene, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer, styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer, polyester, polyvinyl chloride, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl acetate, poly (vinyl acetate) Vinylidene chloride, polyarylate, phenoxy resin, polycarbonate, cellulose acetate resin, ethyl cellulose resin, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl formal, polyvinyl toluene, poly-N-vinyl carbazole, acrylic resin, silicone resin, epoxy resin, melamine resin, urethane resin, phenol Thermoplastic or thermosetting resins such as resin and alkyd resin.

The amount of the charge transporting material is 100
20 to 300 parts by weight, preferably 40 to 300 parts by weight,
150 parts by weight is suitable. As a solvent used for forming the charge transport layer, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, toluene, dichloromethane, monochlorobenzene, dichloroethane, cyclohexanone, methyl ethyl ketone, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, ethanol, methanol, or the like is used alone or as a mixed solvent. The thickness of the charge transport layer is about 4 to 30 μm.

In the present invention, a plasticizer or a leveling agent may be added to the charge transport layer. As the plasticizer, those used as plasticizers for general resins such as dibutyl phthalate and dioctyl phthalate can be used as they are,
The amount used is suitably about 0 to 30% by weight based on the binder resin. As the leveling agent, silicone oils such as dimethyl silicone oil and methylphenyl silicone oil, and polymers or oligomers having a perfluoroalkyl group in a side chain are used. 1% by weight is suitable.

The conductive support and the intermediate layer may be the same as those of the single-layer photosensitive member described above. Further, the same dispersion and operation for forming the charge generation layer can be used, but the thickness is preferably 1 μm or less.

As the surface protective layer, conventionally known materials can be used. Among them, a particularly preferred example is a surface protective layer having a configuration in which a filler is contained in the charge transport layer. Thereby, the abrasion resistance of the photosensitive layer is further improved, and a long-life photoconductor can be provided.

Specific examples of the filler used include titanium oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, indium oxide, silicon nitride, calcium oxide, barium sulfate, ITO, silica, colloidal silica, alumina,
One or a mixture of carbon black, a fine powder of a fluorine resin, a fine powder of a polysiloxane resin, and a fine powder of a polymer charge transporting material can be given.

These fillers may be surface-treated with an inorganic substance or an organic substance for reasons such as improvement in dispersibility and surface property modification. In general, those treated with a silane coupling agent as a water-repellent treatment, those treated with a fluorinated silane coupling agent, those treated with a higher fatty acid or copolymerized with a polymer material, etc., are used. Which are treated with alumina, zirconia, tin oxide, or silica.

The filler is pulverized or dispersed as it is with the charge transporting material, the binder resin and the dispersing solvent, and coated as a photosensitive layer. The filler content in the formed charge transport layer is 5 to 50% by weight, preferably 10 to 50% by weight.
40% by weight. If it is less than 10% by weight, the abrasion resistance is not sufficient, and if it is more than 40% by weight, the transparency of the charge transport layer is impaired, resulting in a decrease in sensitivity. The average particle size is 0.05 to 1.0 μm, preferably 0.05 to
Pulverization and dispersion to 0.8 μm are preferred. If the particle size is large, the cueing cleaning blade is damaged on the surface, resulting in poor cleaning and poor image quality.

Examples of the dispersion solvent include methyl ethyl ketone, acetone, methyl isobutyl ketone, ketones of cyclohexanone, ethers such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran and ethyl cellosolve, aromatics such as toluene and xylene, halogens such as chlorobenzene and dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate. And esters such as butyl acetate. When a pulverizing step is added, a ball mill, a sand mill, a vibration mill or the like is used. The amount of the charge transporting material is suitably 0.2 to 3 parts by weight, preferably 0.4 to 1.5 parts by weight, based on 1 part by weight of the binder resin.

As a coating method, an immersion method, a spray coating method, a ring coating method, a roll coater method, a gravure coating method, a nozzle coating method, a screen printing method and the like are employed. The thickness of the surface protective layer is preferably about 1 to 10 μm, more preferably 1 to 5 μm. 1 μm
When the thickness is thinner, the durability of abrasion resistance is short, and a long-life electrophotographic photosensitive member cannot be provided. On the other hand, if the thickness exceeds 10 μm, the effect of the decrease in the charge transporting ability due to the filler becomes large, causing a problem such as an increase in the residual potential. Further, the ratio of the surface protective layer in the photosensitive layer increases, and the photosensitive layer is easily affected by environmental changes such as humidity.

The charge transport layer and the surface protective layer do not necessarily have to be provided separately since they have the same function except for providing the wear resistance by the filler. For example, a configuration in which the filler is dispersed on the surface side of the charge transport layer, or the filler may be dispersed with a concentration gradient. The surface roughness on the outermost surface side of the photosensitive layer is preferably from 0.02 μm to 1.5 μm. 0.02
If it is smaller than μm, the frictional resistance with the cleaning blade or the like becomes large, the abrasion resistance is reduced, and a highly durable electrophotographic photosensitive member cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if it is larger than 1.5 μm, potential unevenness occurs, and dot reproducibility deteriorates, black stripes occur due to poor cleaning, and image blur occurs due to filming.

Further, a phenol compound, a hydroquinone compound,
Hindered phenol compounds, hindered amine compounds, compounds in which hindered amine and hindered phenol are present in the same molecule, and the like can be added.

Next, the electrophotographic method and the electrophotographic apparatus of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 4 is a schematic view for explaining the electrophotographic apparatus and the process cartridge for the electrophotographic apparatus of the present invention, and the following modified examples also belong to the category of the present invention. In FIG. 4, a photoconductor (11) has a charge generation layer on a conductive support,
The photosensitive layer of the present invention in which a charge transport layer is sequentially laminated is provided. The photoconductor (11) has a drum shape, but may have a sheet shape or an endless belt shape. Charger (13), pre-transfer charger (1
7), transfer charger (20), separation charger (2)
1) As the pre-cleaning charger (23), known means such as a corotron, a scorotron, a solid state charger (solid state charger), and a charging roller are used. The eraser (14) is used at the time of positive / positive development of an analog machine or the like, and in the case of a range designation copy or the like, a portion outside the range is irradiated with light to lower the potential, and thereafter writing is performed. Therefore, digital machines (negative / positive development), which are currently the mainstream, are excluded. As the transfer means, generally, the above-mentioned charger can be used, but as shown in the figure, a combination of a transfer charger and a separation charger is effective.

In the image exposure section (15), 400 to 450 n
A semiconductor laser (LD) having an oscillation wavelength in the range of m is used. In the electrophotographic apparatus of the present invention, a laser light source having the above-mentioned wavelength is used, and the beam spot diameter on the photoreceptor by the image exposure means has a shorter length in the main scanning direction and the sub-scanning direction. 10 μm to 40 μm is preferred. If it is less than 10 μm, it becomes difficult to design an optical system even with a short wavelength, and it is unavoidable to increase the size and cost of the optical components, resulting in low practicality. If it exceeds 40 μm, the resolution is reduced, and the high-resolution image, which is the object of the present invention, cannot be obtained.

The light source such as the static elimination lamp (12) includes:
All kinds of light-emitting materials such as a fluorescent lamp, a tungsten lamp, a halogen lamp, a mercury lamp, a sodium lamp, an LED, an LD, and an electroluminescent element (EL) can be used. To irradiate only light in a desired wavelength range, various filters such as a sharp cut filter, a band pass filter, a near infrared cut filter, a dichroic filter, an interference filter, and a color temperature conversion filter can be used. Such a light source and the like include, in addition to the steps shown in FIG.
The photoreceptor is irradiated with light by providing a step such as a charge removal step, a cleaning step, or a pre-exposure.

The photoconductor (1) is developed by the developing unit (16).
1) The developed toner is transferred to the transfer paper (19), but not all of the toner is transferred.
1) Toner remaining on the top is also generated. Such toner is removed from the photoreceptor by the fur brush (24) and the blade (25). Cleaning may be performed only with a cleaning brush, and a known brush such as a fur brush or a mag fur brush is used as the cleaning brush.

When a positive (negative) charge is applied to the electrophotographic photosensitive member and image exposure is performed, a positive (negative) electrostatic latent image is formed on the surface of the photosensitive member. If this is developed with toner of negative (positive) polarity (electrostatic detection fine particles), a positive image can be obtained, and if it is developed with toner of positive (negative) polarity, a negative image can be obtained. A known method is applied to such a developing unit.
In addition, a known method is used for the charge removing means.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of another electrophotographic apparatus according to the present invention. The photoreceptor (31) has the photosensitive layer of the present invention, is driven by drive rollers (32a) and (32b), is charged by a charger (33), is exposed to light by a light source (34), and is developed (not shown). ), Transfer using the charger (35), exposure before cleaning by the light source (36), cleaning by the brush (37), and static elimination by the light source (38) are repeatedly performed. In FIG. 5, the photoconductor (21)
(Of course, in this case, the support is translucent), and light irradiation for pre-cleaning exposure is performed from the support side.

The electrophotographic method and the electrophotographic apparatus illustrated above are examples of the embodiment of the present invention, and other embodiments are also possible. For example, in FIG. 5, the pre-cleaning exposure is performed from the support side, but this may be performed from the photosensitive layer side, or the image exposure and the erasing of the static elimination light may be performed from the support side. The light irradiation step includes image exposure, pre-cleaning exposure, and charge removal exposure. However, in addition to the above, a pre-transfer exposure, a pre-exposure of image exposure, and other known light irradiation steps are provided, and the photoreceptor is exposed to light. Irradiation can also be performed.

The image forming means performed in this manner may be fixedly incorporated in a copying machine, a facsimile, or a printer, or may be incorporated in these apparatuses in the form of a process cartridge. The process cartridge is one device including a photoreceptor, a charging unit, an exposing unit, a developing unit, a transferring unit, a cleaning unit, and a discharging unit. There are many types of process cartridges, etc.
Here, one example is shown in FIG. In this process cartridge, the electrophotographic photoreceptor (26) is a photoreceptor of the present invention in which a photosensitive layer is laminated on a conductive support, and includes a charging charger (27), a cleaning brush (28), 29) and a developing roller (30).

[0115]

The present invention will be described below with reference to examples.
The present invention is not limited by the embodiments. All parts are parts by weight. (Example 1) 4 parts of X-type metal-free phthalocyanine, 8 parts of a polyester resin and 5 parts of a butylated melamine resin as photoconductive fine particles were pulverized and mixed by a ball mill in toluene on a 30 mm-diameter aluminum drum support treated with alumite,
Dipping coating on the support, air drying, 150
C. for 5 hours to prepare an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer of about 20 .mu.m. When the exposure amount and the surface potential curve of the obtained photoreceptor were measured, it was confirmed that the photoreceptor was an electrophotographic photoreceptor having an induction effect with little potential decay in a low exposure amount region as shown in FIG.

The obtained electrophotographic photoreceptor was used as an image exposure means by using a light source equipped with a semiconductor laser having an oscillation wavelength of 405 nm (a product of Nichia Chemical Co., Ltd., 5 mW).
-200 was incorporated into the process cartridge of the remodeling evaluation machine. The threshold current of this blue-violet semiconductor laser is 4
1 mA, and the output intensity was 0.75 mW. The evaluation machine was modified so that it could be charged positively and negatively.
The evaluation was performed according to the charging polarity of each electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Further, the surface charging characteristics of the electrophotographic photosensitive member of Example 1 were examined. The charging device was set so that the surface potential was 900 (V) at the charging section, the threshold current of the semiconductor laser was passed, and weak light was applied. The charging potential at the developing section was 875 (V). The attenuation amount was about 3%. With this electrophotographic apparatus, test chart image evaluation was performed at the beginning and after printing 10,000 sheets, and the occurrence of abnormal images and the like in the background was observed. Table 2 shows the results.

Example 2 An electrophotographic photosensitive member having an induction effect was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the metal-free phthalocyanine was changed to Y-type oxotitanium phthalocyanine, and the image evaluation of the mounted electrophotographic apparatus was performed. The same was done. Table 2 shows the results.

Example 3 An electrophotographic photosensitive member having an induction effect was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the metal-free phthalocyanine was changed to a fluorenone-based bisazo pigment having the following structural formula. Image evaluation was performed similarly. Table 2 shows the results.

[0120]

Embedded image

Example 4 1.5 parts of an oil-free alkyd resin (manufactured by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Beccolite M6401) and a melamine resin (manufactured by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Super Beckamine G-821) 1
Part, titanium dioxide (Ishihara Sangyo Co., Ltd., Taipaque CR)
-EL) A mixture of 5 parts and 22.5 parts of 2-butanone was placed in a ball mill pot, and ball milling was performed for 48 hours using alumina balls having a diameter of 10 mm to prepare an intermediate layer coating solution.

After applying this coating solution on an aluminum plate support,
After drying at 130 ° C. for 20 minutes, an intermediate layer having a thickness of about 4 μm was formed. 7.5 parts of the bisazo compound used in Example 3 and a polyester resin (Vylon 20 manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.)
0) 2.5 parts of a 0.5% tetrahydrofuran solution 500
The resulting mixture was pulverized and mixed in a ball mill, and the resulting dispersion was applied to the intermediate layer with a doctor blade with a wet gap of about 35 μm, and dried naturally to form a charge generation layer.

Next, a polymer type charge transporting material represented by the following structural formula (weight average molecular weight: 130,000,
7 parts of GPC (in terms of polystyrene) and 3 parts of polyarylate resin (U-100) are dissolved in 40 parts of tetrahydrofuran, and this charge transport layer coating solution is applied on the charge generation layer with a doctor blade. Minutes, then 130
After drying at 20 ° C. for 20 minutes, a heterogeneous charge transport layer having a thickness of about 20 μm was formed.

When the charge transport layer film was observed with a TEM, a domain of 0.3 to 0.5 μm was observed, and it was confirmed that a non-uniform layer was formed. When the exposure amount and the surface potential curve of the obtained electrophotographic photosensitive member were measured, it was confirmed that the electrophotographic photosensitive member had an induction effect with little potential decay in a low exposure amount region. Image evaluation of an electrophotographic apparatus equipped with this photoconductor was performed in the same manner as in Example 1. Table 2 shows the results.

[0125]

Embedded image

Example 5 Polycarbonate resin (Panlite TS, manufactured by Teijin Limited)
-2050) 5 parts, alumina fine particles (AA03, manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.) 2 parts as a filler, α represented by the following structural formula
-3 parts of stilbene compound, 0.04 of BYK-P104
, 40 parts of THF and 140 parts of cyclohexanone were spray-coated on the charge transport layer of the photoreceptor of Example 4, and then applied at 80 ° C. for 2 minutes and then at 130 ° C. for 2 minutes.
After drying for 0 minutes, a surface protective layer having a thickness of about 2 μm was formed.

[0127]

Embedded image

The electrophotographic apparatus equipped with the obtained electrophotographic photosensitive member was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. Table 2 shows the results. When the reduced film thickness of the photoreceptor after printing 10,000 sheets was measured, the photoreceptor was 0.1 μm and was extremely excellent in abrasion resistance.

Comparative Example 1 On an aluminum drum support, 500 parts of a 0.5% butyl acetate solution of 1.5 parts of Y-type oxotitanium phthalocyanine and 1 part of vinyl butyral resin (manufactured by Union Carbide, XYHL) were ground in a ball mill. The mixture was mixed, dipped on a support, and air-dried to form a charge generation layer. Next, as a charge transport material, α represented by the above structural formula
7 parts of a phenylstilbene compound and 10 parts of a polycarbonate resin (Panlite TS-2050, manufactured by Teijin Limited) are dissolved in tetrahydrofuran, and the coating solution for the charge transport layer is dipped on the charge generation layer, and the solution is coated at 80 ° C. 2
And then dried at 130 ° C for 20 minutes to a thickness of about 13μ
A charge transporting layer having a uniform charge transporting layer m was formed, and a photoreceptor of Comparative Example was prepared. When the exposure amount and the surface potential curve of the obtained electrophotographic photosensitive member were measured, it was confirmed that the curve shown in FIG. 3 was exhibited. The obtained electrophotographic photosensitive member was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. Table 2 shows the results.

[0130]

[Table 2]

From the above results, it can be seen that the electrophotographic apparatus of the present invention can provide a stable high quality image even when repeatedly used.

[0132]

As is apparent from the detailed and concrete description, the present invention can obtain a high-quality image and has excellent printing durability.
It is possible to provide an electrophotographic apparatus and a process cartridge which are capable of forming an image with an ultra-high resolution of 400 dpi, and which are small, high-speed, and have a low frequency of component replacement.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a semiconductor laser light including a short wavelength LD.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an electrophotographic photosensitive member having an induction effect.

FIG. 3 is a view for explaining an electrophotographic photosensitive member having no induction effect.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an electrophotographic apparatus and a process cartridge for the electrophotographic apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of another electrophotographic apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is another view showing the process cartridge of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a diagram of an electrophotographic photosensitive member having an induction effect obtained according to the first embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Photoreceptor 12 Static removal lamp 13 Charger 14 Eraser 15 Image exposure part 16 Developing unit 17 Pre-transfer charger 18 Registration roller 19 Transfer paper 20 Transfer charger 21 Separation charger 22 Separation claw 23 Pre-cleaning charger 24 Fur brush 25 Blade 26 Photoconductor 27 Charging charger 28 Cleaning brush 29 Image exposure unit 30 Developing roller 31 Photoconductor 32a Driving roller 32b Driving roller 33 Charging charger 34 Image exposure source 35 Transfer charger 36 Pre-cleaning exposure 37 Cleaning brush 38 Static elimination light source

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) G03G 5/07 G03G 5/07 5/08 102 5/08 102 15/04 111 15/04 111 (72) Inventor Shinichi Kawamura 1-3-6 Nakamagome, Ota-ku, Tokyo F-term in Ricoh Co., Ltd. 2H068 AA14 AA28 AA34 AA35 BA38 BA41 BB04 BB31 BB33 BB49 BB61 CA02 CA06 CA22 CA29 CA33 CA37 CA40 CA54 CA60 FA27 FB07 2H076 AB AB12 AB22 DA17 DA37

Claims (9)

[Claims] At least an electrophotographic photosensitive member, charging means,
An electrophotographic apparatus having an image exposure unit, a development unit, and a transfer unit, wherein the writing light of the image exposure unit is 400 to 450 n.
a semiconductor laser light having an emission wavelength of m, and
An electrophotographic apparatus comprising an electrophotographic photosensitive member having an induction effect. 2. The electrophotographic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a potential decay of said electrophotographic photosensitive member due to exposure at an output threshold current of a semiconductor laser is 5% or less of a charged surface potential. apparatus. 3. The electrophotographic photoreceptor has a photosensitive layer on a conductive support, and the photosensitive layer is formed by dispersing photoconductive fine particles in a binder resin. 2. The electrophotographic apparatus according to 1. 4. The electrophotographic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the photoconductive fine particles are a phthalocyanine compound, an azo compound, or zinc oxide. 5. The electrophotographic photoreceptor comprises a charge generation layer and a heterogeneous charge transport layer on a conductive support, wherein the heterogeneous charge transport layer separates a charge transport material from a binder resin. The electrophotographic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the electrophotographic apparatus is in a state where the electrophotographic apparatus is in a state where the electrophotographic apparatus is in a state where the electrophotographic apparatus is used. 6. The electrophotographic apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the charge transport material is a polymer type charge transport material. 7. The electrophotographic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the outermost surface of the photosensitive layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is formed by dispersing at least a filler. 8. The filler in the photosensitive layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor includes titanium oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, indium oxide, silicon nitride, calcium oxide,
Barium sulfate, silica, colloidal silica, alumina,
2. A carbon black, a fine powder of fluorine resin, a fine powder of polysiloxane resin, a fine powder of polyethylene resin, or a graft copolymer having a core-shell structure, or a mixture thereof. Electrophotographic equipment. 9. An electrophotographic photoreceptor used in the electrophotographic apparatus according to claim 1, a charging unit,
A process cartridge for an electrophotographic apparatus, wherein at least one of a developing means and a cleaning means is integrally formed, and is detachably attached to the electrophotographic apparatus main body.