JP2002288573A - Settlement system using electronic money - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a settlement system using new electronic money. SOLUTION: The settlement system is provided with an electronic money issuing means for issuing electronic money according to the payment from a customer. The electronic money issuing means issues electronic money including a premium determined according to the sum of paid money. The premium corresponds to a premium rate previously set as an upper limit or less freely selected by a customer, The system may be provided with a cash settlement means for making a discount for the settlement rate from the electronic money and exchanging to the cash. The system can realize money order transaction of the electronic money itself, dealings in futures, call transaction, option transaction, and swapping transaction.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electronic money settlement system, and more particularly to an electronic money settlement system used in electronic commerce and electronic financial transactions on the Internet.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art One of the electronic money settlement systems currently proposed is a method using an IC card in which electronic money is stored. In this method, a consumer can use an IC card storing an electronic value (electronic money) equivalent to an account balance issued by a predetermined bank when purchasing a product at a retail store. it can. The used electronic money will be deducted from the account. In addition, between consumers, this electronic money can be exchanged with a calculator-like device called a wallet, and has a distribution property. It also employs a mechanism that can support electronic commerce on the Internet. However, there is a problem that the initial investment for infrastructure development for that purpose is large.

[0003] On the other hand, there has been proposed a method in which a specific management company issues cyber coins that are backed by the balance of a customer who has opened an account. This cybercoin (frequency data) is stored in a personal computer (PC, PC) via the Internet. When purchasing a product, the frequency data is sent to a retail store. The retailer sends the used frequency data to the management company described above. The management company asks both banks to transfer funds to the consumer bank and the retail bank.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a settlement system using a new electronic money.

[0005]

The settlement system according to the present invention comprises electronic money issuing means for issuing electronic money in response to a deposit from a customer, wherein the electronic money issuing means is determined according to the deposit amount. The electronic money is issued including premium premiums.

[0006] The premium portion corresponds to a value that the customer freely selects below a premium rate set as an upper limit value in advance.

[0007] The settlement system further includes cash settlement means for discounting the settlement rate from the electronic money and exchanging it for cash, and the settlement rate is determined based on at least the amount of the issued electronic money and the money to be issued. It is desired to be done.

[0008] Preferably, the settlement rate is determined by the following equation. Settlement rate (%) = {(Electronic money issued-Expected issuance fund) / Expected issuance fund} x 100

[0009] Further, a means may be provided for distributing information on the issued electronic money amount and information on the issuable money.

[0010] The settlement system further includes means for receiving and registering information relating to the exchange transaction of electronic money from the customer, and means for executing the exchange transaction based on the exchange transaction information.

[0011] The settlement system further includes means for receiving and registering information on a futures transaction of electronic money from a customer, and means for executing a futures transaction based on the futures transaction information.

[0012] The settlement system may further include means for receiving and registering information relating to a call transaction of electronic money from a customer, and means for executing a call transaction based on the call transaction information.

[0013] The settlement system may further include means for receiving and registering information relating to the electronic money option transaction from the customer, and means for executing the option transaction based on the option transaction information.

[0014] Further, the settlement system may further include means for receiving and registering information on a swap transaction of electronic money from a customer, and means for executing a swap transaction based on the swap transaction information.

[0015] On the other hand, the settlement method according to the present invention has an electronic money issuing step of issuing electronic money in response to cash payment from a customer.
There is a step of calculating a premium determined according to the selected premium rate, and a step of issuing electronic money according to the calculation result.

[0016] The settlement method may further include a step of discounting the settlement rate from the electronic money and exchanging it for cash, wherein the settlement rate is determined based at least on the amount of issued electronic money and the issuance fund. You may make it.

It is desirable that the settlement rate is determined by the following equation. Settlement rate (%) = {(Electronic money issued-Expected issuance fund) / Expected issuance fund} x 100

[0018] The method may further include the step of distributing information on the issued electronic money amount, information on the issuable fund, and information on the settlement rate.

Next, the method may include a step of receiving and registering information relating to an exchange transaction of electronic money from a customer, and a step of executing an exchange transaction based on the exchange transaction information.

Next, the method may include a step of receiving and registering information relating to a futures transaction of electronic money from a customer, and a step of executing a futures transaction based on the futures transaction information.

Further, the method may include a step of receiving and registering information relating to electronic money call transactions from a customer, and a step of executing a call transaction based on the call transaction information.

Further, the method may include a step of receiving and registering information relating to an electronic money option transaction from a customer, and a step of executing the option transaction based on the option transaction information.

Further, the method may further include a step of receiving and registering information relating to an electronic money swap transaction from a customer, and a step of executing a swap transaction based on the swap transaction information.

[0024]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an outline of a secondary market of electronic money by a settlement system according to the present invention. As shown in the figure, the electronic money distribution market includes a settlement mechanism 1, a financial institution 2, an electronic commerce market 3 on the Internet, and an electronic financial market 4 on the Internet. Electronic money issuance and settlement are executed between the settlement mechanism 1 and the financial institution 2. Financial Institution 2
A commercial transaction using electronic money is executed between the Internet and the electronic commerce market 3 on the Internet. In the financial institution 2 and the electronic financial transaction market 4 on the Internet, financial transactions using electronic money are executed. The electronic commerce to which the settlement system according to the present invention can be applied is B-to-C.
It may be B to B.

FIG. 2 is a system configuration diagram of the settlement system according to the present invention. As shown in the figure, the present payment system includes a server 11 of a payment mechanism, a database 1 thereof.
2. It comprises a server 21 of a financial institution, its database 22, a terminal 31 of company A, a terminal 32 of company B, and a communication network 4.

The server 11 of the settlement mechanism includes a control unit 111,
The web engine 112 includes various control programs stored in a memory or a hard disk. The control unit 111 includes a CPU, a ROM, a RAM, and the like, and has a function of executing control of the server. The WEB engine 112 has a function of transmitting a web page to the terminal 31 of the company A or the like. The various control programs include:
Customer information management processing program 113, electronic money issuing processing program 114, electronic money settlement processing program 1
Fifteen, an electronic money fraud check processing program 116 is included. The customer information management processing program 113 mainly causes the control unit 111 to execute processing relating to customer registration. The electronic money issuance processing program 114 mainly causes the control unit 111 to execute processing related to issuance of electronic money. Electronic money settlement processing program 11
The control unit 11 mainly performs processing related to settlement of electronic money.
1 is executed. The electronic money fraud check processing program 116 mainly causes the control unit 111 to execute processing relating to illegal use of electronic money.

The database 12 has at least a customer information management DB 121 and a customer account transaction DB 122. The customer information management DB 121 stores customer information registered by the customer information management processing program 113. The customer account transaction DB 122 stores electronic money transaction information in a customer account.

The financial institution server 21 includes a control unit 211,
The WEB engine 212 includes various control programs stored in a memory or a hard disk. The control unit 211 includes a CPU, a ROM, a RAM, and the like, and has a function of executing control of the server. The WEB engine 212 has a function of transmitting a web page to the terminal 31 of the company A or the like. The various control programs include:
It includes an exchange transaction processing program 213, a call transaction processing program 214, a futures transaction processing program 215, an option transaction processing program 216, and a swap processing program 217. Exchange transaction processing program 213
Is mainly responsible for electronic money exchange transactions.
11 has a function to be executed. The call transaction processing program 214 has a function of causing the control unit 211 to mainly execute processing related to electronic money call transactions. The futures transaction processing program 215 has a function of causing the control unit 211 to mainly execute processing related to electronic money futures transactions.
The option transaction processing program 216 has a function of causing the control unit 211 to mainly execute processing relating to option transactions of electronic money. Swap processing program 217
Has a function of causing the control unit 211 to mainly execute processing related to electronic money swap transactions.

The database 22 has an exchange transaction information DB
221, call transaction information DB 222, futures transaction information DB
223, an option transaction information DB 224, and a swap transaction information DB 225. Exchange Transaction Information DB 221
Stores information related to electronic money exchange transactions. The call transaction information DB 222 stores information on electronic money call transactions. Electronic money futures transaction information DB
Reference numeral 223 stores information on electronic money futures transactions. The option transaction information DB 224 stores information on option transactions of electronic money. The swap transaction information DB 225 stores information on electronic money swap transactions.

The terminal 31 of the company A and the terminal 32 of the company B
Are both computer terminals such as personal computers, and have control means such as a CPU, output means such as a display, input means such as a mouse and a keyboard, storage means for storing programs, data, and the like. Especially the browser is stored.

The communication network 4 is a communication network such as the Internet, a public network, and a dedicated line.

Next, the flow of electronic money according to the present invention will be outlined with reference to FIG. In addition, creation of electronic money
Public key cryptography is used for management and issuance of certificates such as personal certificates. First, the payment mechanism issues electronic money to the customer designated bank. The customer issues a certification / registration request to the certification / registration organization. The certification / registration body issues a personal certificate to the customer. Then, the customer purchases electronic money from the customer designated bank. A customer can transfer electronic money to another customer. When a sales transaction is completed with a company, the electronic money is remitted to the company. The company sells the electronic money to a company designated bank and cashes it or deposits it into its own deposit account. The designated company bank settles the electronic money with the settlement mechanism. The payment mechanism determines whether the electronic money is legitimate or not by the identification number (if the issued bill was previously
Judgment is made based on whether it has been issued and settled), and if there is unauthorized use, the unauthorized user is identified through an authentication / registration organization.

Next, issuance of electronic money and financial institutions will be described. Mainly, financial institutions such as banks do not need to deposit reserves with electronic money, unlike the Bank of Japan, when opening a transaction account with the payment mechanism, but transfer the funds to be issued at the time of issuance to a bank account designated by the payment mechanism. prepare. The payment mechanism exchanges and issues electronic money issuance contracts with each financial institution. The main purpose of the contract is to promise future repurchase of the electronic money issued by the payment mechanism to each financial institution. At the time of issuance, the financial institution asks a bank designated by the payment mechanism to blindly sign the issuance request for privacy protection (preventing the association of electronic money with the real name of the financial institution so that purchase history can not be tracked) . It is assumed that the issued electronic money can be independently managed by financial institutions and distributed in financial markets. Then, the payment mechanism determines the issue amount, issue premium rate,
Manages identification numbers. Figure 5 shows the payment mechanism, financial institution,
The flow of an electronic money issuance process in a designated bank is shown.
As shown in the figure, first, a financial institution sends a transfer of funds to be issued and a request for issuance to a designated bank. The designated bank performs a blind signature on the issuance request form and notifies the settlement mechanism of the payment of the issuance fund. Upon receiving the payment notice and the issuance request form, the settlement mechanism issues electronic money to the financial institution.

Here, the financial institution requests the payment mechanism to issue electronic money according to the premium rate presented by the payment mechanism. Here, the unit of electronic money used in the settlement system according to the present invention is referred to as “credit”. This premium rate only has an upper limit, and financial institutions are free to choose below. This upper limit value is determined and notified to the financial institution in consideration of various conditions by the settlement mechanism. For example, the upper limit is set to 8%. 2
If you pay $ 100,000 and select a 5% premium, 20
¥ 100,000 x 0.05 = 100,000 credits, for a total of 20
¥ 100,000 x (1 + 0.05) = 2.1 million credits will be issued to financial institutions.

A description will be given of customer registration (exclusively of a financial institution) and electronic money issuance processing in the settlement system according to the present invention. To execute customer registration, first, necessary information is transmitted from the financial institution's own terminals 31 and 32 via the communication network 4. The necessary information is stored in the customer information management DB 121 by the customer information management processing program 113 of the server 11 of the settlement mechanism. The required information includes, for example, a financial institution name, a financial institution ID, an account number,
Address, E-mail (e-mail address), etc. are included.

The settlement mechanism manages the balance from the issue balance and the issuance fund balance for each customer account of each financial institution. In addition, the issuance amount at the time of issuance, the issuance fund, the premium rate, and the identification number are recorded in the customer information management DB 122. On the other hand, at the time of settlement, the settlement request amount (electronic money), the settlement amount (cash), the settlement rate, and the identification number are recorded in the customer account DB 122. Actually, the identification number of the settled electronic money is deleted from the customer account DB 122 and managed separately. This is because if the identification number of the electronic money that has been illegally copied (electronic money can be copied) is not present in the customer account DB 122 at the time of settlement, it can be determined that the electronic money has been illegally copied.

Here, an example of purchase by an electronic money user will be described with reference to FIG. First, a user who wishes to purchase electronic money registers with an authentication / registration organization. Authentication
The registrar will register the user (public key, real name, etc.)
Check, digitally sign and send an identity certificate. Then, the user can freely purchase electronic money from the financial institution selected. The user digitally signs the purchase request form and returns it to the financial institution with the account. next,
The user sends the purchase request form and the authentication certificate together with the purchaser financial institution. The purchasing financial institution confirms that the user's financial institution has signed the purchase request form, and sells the electronic money. The sale price is remitted from the user's account to the financial institution where the purchase was made.

Here, the process of issuing a registration document or a personal certificate at the user authentication / registration organization will be described with reference to FIG. The user first transmits necessary information from the terminal 3 via the communication network 4. The necessary information is stored in the server 11 of the certification / registration organization.
Is stored in the customer information management DB 121 by the customer information management processing program 113. The necessary information includes a real name, an address, an age, a public key, and an ID (for example, a license number) issued by a third-party organization capable of verifying the identity. A personal certificate (with a public key) with a digital signature is issued by the authentication processing program 114, and the issuance history is stored in the authentication information DB.
122.

The payment of electronic money will be described with reference to FIG.
When the user pays the electronic money as the settlement means, the electronic money and the personal certificate signed by the certification / registration organization are sent to the recipient. The payee checks with the settlement organization that is the issuing institution whether the electronic money has been illegally copied.
The payment mechanism checks whether the identification number has been issued before. If it has been issued, it is recognized that it has been copied illegally. If there is no problem, you will have to cash or deposit at a financial institution.

Next, the electronic money and the exchange service will be described. Electronic money transfer between general customers when buying or selling or transferring electronic money is straightforward. Also, since it is an open-loop system, it has continual circulation, so it does not return to financial institutions before final settlement. Netting, which is the offsetting of receivables and payables between companies, will also progress. Here, netting refers to, when there are a plurality of transactions using electronic money, canceling out the claims and debts generated by the plurality of transactions and settingtle only the difference (net) of the claims and debts.

On the other hand, when the account transfer between banks occurs, it is at the time of purchasing / selling electronic money from a financial institution without an account. Therefore, it is considered that there is a low possibility that currency exchange operations for processing normal withdrawals, transfers, deposits, and the like are performed as frequently as at present.

Next, cash settlement of electronic money in the settlement system according to the present invention will be described. Since the premium is given to the electronic money as described above, if each financial institution requests the cashing of the electronic money, if the amount of the electronic money is changed to cash as it is,
There is a shortage of cash to settle. This is because the face value of the electronic money is larger than the deposit amount. Therefore, in this settlement system, the settlement was made by discounting the premium.

However, since the premium rate at the time of issuance of electronic money requested to be settled by each financial institution is freely selected, it is not possible to determine what percentage of the premium is given.

Therefore, in the settlement system according to the present invention, the settlement rate is determined at the time of issuance as follows. Settlement rate (%) = {(Electronic money issue amount-Issuance fund) / Issuance fund} x 100

Here, the “settlement rate” refers to a rate discounted when the electronic money is settled. Also,
“Electronic money issuance amount” is the amount of electronic money issued by the payment mechanism to the financial institution. “Issuance fund” refers to funds for issuing electronic money deposited in a bank account specified by the payment mechanism. In the description of this embodiment, the exchange rate of cashing of electronic money between each financial institution and the payment mechanism is referred to as a payment rate (determined at the time of issuance, and applied only when cashing of electronic money).

From this formula, the settlement rate ≦ the upper limit premium rate. In the above example, the settlement rate is 8%
It becomes below. This point can be represented as shown in FIG. That is, the amount of issued electronic money can be represented by the sum of the amount of issued premium and the amount of money to be issued.

For example, assuming that the settlement rate is 6% and the electronic money to be settled is 2.1 million credits, it is cashed to 2.1 million credits / (1 + 0.06) = 1981,000 yen.

Further, in order to ensure transparency, the current outstanding balance amount of the financial institutions, the estimated balance of the outstanding balance and the settlement rate are always announced, and each terminal 31, 3
2 and can be viewed by the customer.

The following tendency can be predicted from the above formula for calculating the settlement rate. The settlement rate is low → the issued premium amount is small The settlement rate is high → the issued premium amount is large When the electronic money is settled in cash, the deposit and the electronic money are offset as shown in FIG. However, the settlement rate is constant unless additional payment is issued. For example, if the settlement rate is 5%, 2 million yen, 2.1 million credits and 800,000 credits are cashed, 80 ÷ (1 + 0.05) = 7
62,000 yen → The rest are 1.3 million credits and 123,800 yen. 130 ÷ (1 + 005) = 1238,000 yen, and the settlement rate does not change.

Also, since a financial institution can issue an issuance request not only once but also a plurality of times, the settlement rate changes for each issuance. For example, the first time: a premium rate of 3%, and an issuance fund of 1 million yen, an issue amount of 1.03 million CR (credit) and a settlement rate of 3%. Second time: If the premium rate is 5% and the issuance fund is 2 million yen, the issue rate is 2.1 million CR (credit) and the settlement rate is 4.3%. This is equivalent to the issuance of 3 million yen and a 3.13 million CR issued at a premium rate of 4.3%.
In this sense, the settlement rate is the same as the weighted average premium rate. Where the premium rate,
When the settlement rate and the like are expressed by mathematical expressions, they can be expressed as follows.

[0051]

(Equation 1)

Next, electronic money settlement and financial institutions will be described. When a financial institution settles the electronic money on hand, it requests the settlement organization. The settlement mechanism transfers a considerable amount of cash from the money to be issued and adjusts the outstanding balance. Accordingly, it is basically impossible to respond to a settlement request exceeding the issuance fund. Check for forgery and unauthorized use of the returned electronic money. As shown in FIG. 11, specifically, first, a financial institution requests a settlement mechanism for settlement. The settlement mechanism issues a transfer instruction to the designated bank. Further, the settlement mechanism notifies the financial institution of settlement. Then, the designated bank transfers the settlement amount to the financial institution.

The electronic money according to the present invention can be regarded as having an exchange rate with cash. In fact,
At the time of settlement, the cash is made according to the settlement rate, but from a different point of view, the settlement rate indicates the exchange rate of electronic money to cash. On the other hand, the settlement rate, by definition, represents the exchange rate of cash to electronic money, such as the premium rate at the time of issuance. This is similar to the exchange rate between dollars and yen. For this reason, electronic money known up to now has a one-to-one exchange with cash, but electronic money according to the present invention is a one-to-X exchange. Each financial institution has its own settlement rate. When buying and selling electronic money to general customers (individuals, corporations)
You get a profit by adding or subtracting a few percent from this settlement rate.
For example, if the settlement rate is 5% and the amount is one million yen, 1.05 million credits of electronic money are obtained. (1) When selling to a user who has 1 million yen If a financial institution sells at 4%, 1 million yen will earn 1.04 million credits and a profit of 10,000 credits will remain. (2) When buying from a user who has 1.04 million credits If a financial institution buys at 6%, 100 $ (1 + 0.06) =
For 98.1 million yen, a profit of 190,000 yen remains. These are TTS, T
Equivalent to TB. From this, it can be considered that each financial institution needs an exchange market for electronic money, which is similar to a foreign exchange market in which electronic money is bought and sold by demand and sold by itself. As a result, the financial institution can expect the exchange commission income, and the general customer will get incentive electronic money to which premium amount by TTSS is added at the time of purchase. Of course, when cashing, T
The premium for TB will be discounted.

Therefore, the exchange ratio of cash and credit between each financial institution and a general customer will be referred to as an exchange rate (determined by the market in the same way as the middle price in the foreign exchange market). This exchange rate serves as an indicator of the exchange market. Accordingly, the settlement mechanism introduces an average settlement rate (%) = {(total issuance balance−total issuance fund balance) / total issuance fund balance} × 100, and provides the payment to all financial institutions as customers. In the same way as the total amount of issuance and the total amount of funds to be issued, we aim to index the issuance market for electronic money.

Next, the exchange market of electronic money according to the present invention will be described. Assuming that the average settlement rate announced by the settlement mechanism is the official exchange rate, the actual exchange rate can be set from electronic money traded between financial institutions. This is exactly the exchange rate determined by the foreign exchange market. As a result, the actual exchange rate is determined from the interbank rate (interbank rate) in the Tokyo foreign exchange market so that the selling price TTS and the buying price TTB presented to the general customer by the financial institution are generated. From the foreign exchange market, the bid price and the offer price offered by the financial institution arise, and this is presented to the customer to buy and sell cash and electronic money. FIG. 12 shows the flow of the foreign exchange trading market.

Next, a fee for issuing and settlement of the electronic money will be described. First, the issue fee will be described. The financial institution requests the payment mechanism to issue electronic money in accordance with the selected premium rate and pays the issuance fee. Next, the financial institution presents the selling price (TTS) to the general customer. A general customer selects and purchases the TTS of the highest financial institution.

Next, the settlement fee will be described. The financial institution presents the buying price (TTB) to the general customer. Customers,
You can select the lowest financial institution TTB. Financial institutions
According to the settlement rate, the settlement of electronic money is requested to the settlement organization to pay a settlement fee.

Next, TTS and TTB will be described.
Financial institutions generally set TTS lower than the interbank rate and TTB higher. The choice of premium rate is completely arbitrary for financial institutions. Therefore, T
TS and TTB are arbitrarily set to be advantageous to financial institutions, and buyers and sellers tend to be considered disadvantageous, but each financial institution presents its own TTS and TTB, and the principle of competition works. It is considered something.

Next, the premium rate will be described. As shown in FIG. 13, if the premium rate to be selected is different even if the deposit amount is the same, the issue amount is naturally different. As a result, the TTS and TTB presented by each financial institution differ. For the user, Bank B is advantageous in buying 100,000 credits and Bank A is advantageous in selling. If the arbitration progresses, it is expected that the TTS and TTB will be settled to some extent, and that there will be no big difference between the rates at each financial institution. Accordingly, it is considered that the premium rate to be selected does not largely differ.

Next, electronic money futures transactions (forward:
Forward) will be described. The exchange rate of electronic money in the settlement system according to the present invention is updated daily by an exchange market. At this time, it is not necessary to settle in cash, but it is necessary to settle in one month. At that time, if the exchange rate is higher than now,
Customers want to hedge their risks because of the potential loss. Conversely, if the exchange rate is lower than it is now, profits may be obtained.

Based on the above, the present invention proposes an electronic money futures transaction (forward) similar to a foreign exchange reservation, in which the exchange rate is imitated as an exchange rate. For the purpose of explaining the present invention, FIG. 14 shows a comparison with the case of currency exchange. In the case of currency exchange, if you book a conversion from dollars to yen, it will be profitable if the yen weakens,
If the yen becomes stronger, losses will occur. If a yen is exchanged for a dollar, the depreciation of the yen will result in a loss and the appreciation of the yen will be profitable. On the other hand, in the case of the futures transaction of electronic money according to the present invention, if the exchange from electronic money to cash is reserved, a profit is generated if the exchange rate decreases, and a loss occurs if the exchange rate increases. When the exchange from cash to electronic money is reserved, a loss occurs when the exchange rate decreases, and a profit occurs when the exchange rate increases.

For example, if the exchange rate fluctuates between 2% and 8%, the following is obtained. (1) In the case of 2 million credits 2 million $ (1 + 0.02) = 1.96 million yen ~ 2 million $ (1 + 0.08) = 1.85 million cash fluctuations (2) In the case of 1.9 million yen cash 1.9 million x ( (1 + 0.02) = 1.93 million credits-1.9 million × (1 + 0.08) = 2.05 million credits fluctuation

Next, the fluctuation of the exchange rate will be described. First, a case where cash is exchanged for electronic money will be described with reference to FIG. In this example, when electronic money is purchased for 1.9 million yen, the case where the exchange rate is 5% is shown in the center, the case where the exchange rate has fallen to 2% is shown on the left, and the case where the exchange rate has risen to 8% is shown on the right. . As shown in the figure, when the exchange rate is 5%, the exchange can be performed for 2 million credits, but when the exchange rate is 2%, the exchange can be performed only for 1.93 million credits. On the other hand, if the exchange rate is 8
%, You can exchange for 2.05 million credits. That is, the lower the exchange rate, the less electronic money that can be purchased, and the higher the exchange rate, the more electronic money that can be purchased.

Next, a case where electronic money is exchanged for cash will be described with reference to FIG. In this example, in the case of exchanging 2 million credits for cash, the case where the exchange rate is 5% is shown in the center, the case where the exchange rate is reduced to 2% is shown on the left, and the case where it is increased to 8% is shown on the right. . As shown in the figure, when the exchange rate is 5%, the exchange can be made to 1.9 million yen, but when the exchange rate is 8%, 18 yen can be exchanged.
Can only be exchanged for 50,000 yen. On the other hand, if the exchange rate drops to 2%, it can be exchanged for 1.96 million yen. That is, if the exchange rate is low, the cash that can be exchanged increases, and if the exchange rate is high, the cash that can be exchanged decreases.

Next, the flow of the futures transaction will be described with reference to FIG.
This will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 2, the customer registers a reservation to purchase 2 million credits of electronic money one month later from his / her terminal 31 or 32 via the communication network 4 in the server 21 of the financial institution (S1). In the server 21, the futures transaction information DB2 is executed by the futures transaction processing program 214.
23 stores the reservation information. Banks raise cash equivalent to 2 million credits from ordinary financial markets (S
2). Then, the bank purchases and operates 2 million credits of electronic money based on the cash procured in step S2 (S3). One month after the customer's futures reservation date, sell 2 million credits including the commission to the customer (S
4).

Next, a specific example of the transaction will be further described. In this specific example, the current settlement rate is 5%. That is, 1 yen = 1.05 credits. If the one-year yen interest rate is 0.05% and the one-year credit interest rate is 3%, the interest rate difference is 3-0.05 = 2.95%, and the one-month interest rate difference is 0.025 / 12 = 0. 00246. Therefore, one month later, 1.05 × (1-0.0024)
6) With 1.047 credits, the exchange rate becomes 4.7%.

(1) When the settlement rate is expected to decrease after one month If cash is held, this transaction can be used for risk hedging. That is, with the current cash of 1.9 million yen, it is possible to purchase electronic money for 1.9 million yen × (1 + 0.05) = 199.5 million credits. Therefore, a reservation for purchasing a credit is made one month later. In fact, if the settlement rate drops to 3% one month later, 1.9 million yen x
(1 + 0.047) = 198,000 credits can be purchased and 1.9 million yen can be purchased at the prevailing rate × (1 + 0.0
3) More than 195.7 million credits, indicating that the loss has been hedged. On the other hand, if you have electronic money, you can speculate. For example, if you have 2 million credits of electronic money and cash settlement at the current settlement rate, 2 million credits / (1 + 0.0
5) It can be made 190,400 yen. So one month later,
Make a reservation to sell one million credits. In fact, if the settlement rate drops to 3% after one month, the actual rate will be 200
10,000 credits × (1 + 0.03) = 1941,000 yen, but 2,000,000 credits × (1-0.
047) = 191 million yen. Therefore, by making a futures reservation, a profit of 31,000 yen can be obtained.

(2) When it is predicted that the settlement rate will increase after one month: If you hold cash, you can speculate. For example,
If you currently have 1.9 million yen, 1.9 million yen x
(1 + 0.05) = 199.5 million credits of electronic money can be purchased. Therefore, a reservation is made to purchase the credit one month later. In fact, after one month the settlement rate is 6
%, The actual rate is 1.9 million yen x (1+
(0.06) = 201.4 million credits, but it is possible to purchase 1.9 million yen × (1 + 0.047) = 198,900,000 credits of electronic money by reservation. Therefore, it is possible to purchase 63,000 credits more. On the other hand, if you have electronic money, you can hedge your risk. Assuming that you have 2 million credits of electronic money, the current settlement rate is 5
In%, if electronic money is settled by cash, 2 million credits / (1 + 0.05) = 190,000 yen can be obtained. One month later, I make a reservation to sell 2 million credits. In fact, if the settlement rate rises to 6% after one month, the actual rate will be 2 million credits (1+
0.06) = 1886,000 yen, but 20 by reservation
100,000 credits / (1 + 0.047) = 191 million yen, and the loss is hedged.

[0069] In these futures transactions, a commission can be charged for the transactions. If a fee is charged, it is necessary to execute the transaction taking this fee into account.

In the settlement system according to the present invention, the exchange rate (TT) given when purchasing electronic money
Premium by S) is for individuals entering e-commerce,
It is an incentive to encourage corporations to enter.
This premium will be borne by the person who requests cash settlement of electronic money. This is shown in FIG. A person who intends to purchase electronic money is provided with a premium and therefore profits, which is an incentive to participate in electronic commerce. On the other hand, for a person who requests cash settlement, a certain amount of loss will occur because the settlement is made at a discount for the exchange rate (TTB). However, even if a discount is given by the exchange rate, profits can be secured by improving the turnover rate of sales.

As financial transactions, option transactions are possible in addition to the above-mentioned futures transactions. In other words, similar to currency options that execute option transactions in exchange for rising and falling exchange rates between currencies such as yen / dollar and yen / pound, options for cash and electronic money Trading is possible.

Similar to the floating interest rate of the yen, the floating interest rate of the credit is negotiated between the interbanks, and the interest rate swap of the credit is possible as in the normal interest rate swap of the yen. Hereinafter, the interest rate swap will be described with reference to FIG. Company A
Floating interest, Company B is considering raising funds at a fixed interest rate. By the way, Company B can only procure at a fixed interest rate 2% higher than Company A. That is, the fixed interest rate difference is 2
% And the floating interest rate difference is 1%. An interest rate swap is to exchange the fixed interest rate and the floating interest rate by splitting the fixed interest rate difference by subtracting the floating interest rate difference into 1% cost difference (0.5% split) according to the agreement between Company A and Company B. . Company A exchanges a fixed interest rate of 7% and Company B exchanges a floating interest rate of 1.75%. As a result, the procurement interest rate of Company A is 0.75-0.5 = 0.25
%, That of Company B is 9-0.5 = 8.5%, which is more advantageous than before the swap.

[0086] The deposit interest rate will be described. Since the electronic money according to the present invention is provided with a premium, the user is stimulated to purchase and is attracted to purchase and hold the electronic money from the deposit account. Therefore, it is not merely one of the settlement means, and a certain amount or more held forms an asset value. Managers who make profits by managing these assets are financial institutions, especially banks. Therefore, banks will pay interest rates to secure electronic money as deposits. For example,
Assuming that the bank gives the customer 2 million credits a 3% annual interest rate, the interest rate is 200 x 0.03 = 60,000 credits. One year after the date of deposit, the bank will transfer 60,000 credits of interest to the customer's account.

Here, the exchange rate and the interest rate will be described. Credit height can be defined as a low credit exchange ratio with respect to the yen, and credit depreciation can be defined as a high credit exchange ratio with the yen. Then, the relationship between the fall and rise of the exchange rate, the credit increase / decrease, and the credit interest rate is as shown in FIG. The premium rate can be freely selected by financial institutions, so depending on the issuance fee, it is considered that a higher premium rate is selected. As a result, the exchange rate of electronic money increases, and the interest rate of the interbank rises. In other words, the credit is reduced.

The financial institution may have an excess or deficiency in the amount of credits held. In this case, a short-term loan transaction of electronic money between banks, a so-called call transaction, is possible. In this case, an interbank interest rate will be generated.

In addition, financial transactions such as electronic money currency / interest rate futures / option transactions are secured, and there is a high possibility that the distribution of electronic money can be promoted together with the settlement system.

In order to handle the electronic money according to the present invention in a store which is not discounted at a fixed price sale, since the premium rate of the electronic money of the equivalent exchange is considered to be 0, the premium portion may be discounted. Therefore, the discount rate may be used as the TTS at the time of purchase, but it is considered that the store side preferably uses TTB at the time of selling the received electronic money. Therefore, the store side accepts the electronic money with the average value of TTB and TTS on the day with respect to the list price. For example, assuming that TTS is 3% and TTB is 5% on the day at a fixed price of 100 yen, the average value is (3 + 5) ÷ 2 = 4%, and 100 = X ÷ (1 + 0.0
4) → X = 100 x (1 + 0.04) = 104 credits are paid by the user to the store. By using this electronic money as a price for fixed-priced products and services under such rules, convenience and distribution are further enhanced. In addition, payments between companies can be settled with each other and used for settlement.

FIG. 20 shows the relationship between the foreign currency exchange rate and the exchange rate of foreign currency-denominated electronic money. By considering the exchange rate between the currencies of each country and the exchange rate of electronic money denominated in foreign currencies, the settlement mechanism can settle in any currency of any country. Therefore, the deposited cash is accepted as a mixed currency. As a result, in electronic commerce on the Internet, settlement by foreign currency-denominated electronic money according to the present invention becomes possible.

As described above, with respect to the electronic money according to the present invention, the settlement mechanism issues the electronic money based on the money to be issued from the financial institution. In this case, the financial institution specifies the premium upper limit or less set by the settlement mechanism.
The upper limit of the premium rate is determined by the settlement mechanism in consideration of the commission rate of credit cards in the market and the like. Also, if a financial institution requests payment for electronic money,
The settlement mechanism cashes in accordance with the settlement rate of each financial institution. On the other hand, each financial institution buys and sells electronic money to general customers according to the exchange rate. This electronic money is a network type suitable for settlement in a virtual mall.
In addition, it has an open loop type that can be transferred to a third party, that is, has a turnover distribution property. General customers are required to register their public key and real name with a certification / registration organization and issue a personal certificate. From the exchange rate, the exchange transaction, because the interest rate is granted,
Financial transactions of interest rates and currencies are possible. It is also possible to manage the issuance funds, but JGBs are preferred because of their transparency. The payment mechanism is an operating company that only issues, settles, and manages electronic money and does not perform other banking operations such as loans. However, in the future, when the “Electronic Money Law” is enacted, there is a high possibility that a bank license will be required as the issuing bank.

[0080]

According to the present invention, a settlement system using new electronic money can be provided.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an outline of a secondary market for electronic money in a settlement system according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a system configuration diagram of a settlement system according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a database of a server of the settlement mechanism according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a flow of electronic money according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating issuance of electronic money according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining registration and purchase of a user of electronic money according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a server and a database of an authentication / registration organization according to the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining payment of electronic money according to the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining the amount of issued electronic money in the settlement system according to the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining an offset relationship between electronic money and cash according to the present invention.

FIG. 11 shows a settlement mechanism and a settlement method for electronic money of a financial institution in the settlement system according to the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a flow of a foreign exchange trading market in the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining a premium rate in the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a comparison between an exchange rate and an exchange rate in the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a diagram for explaining a futures transaction in the settlement system according to the present invention.

FIG. 16 is a diagram for explaining a futures transaction in the settlement system according to the present invention.

FIG. 17 is a diagram for explaining a futures transaction in the settlement system according to the present invention.

FIG. 18 is a diagram for explaining comparison between grant of premium and discount of premium in the settlement system according to the present invention.

FIG. 19 is a diagram for explaining a relationship between an exchange rate and an interest rate in the settlement system according to the present invention.

FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating a currency exchange rate and a settlement rate in each country in the settlement system according to the present invention.

FIG. 21 is a diagram for explaining a swap transaction in the settlement system according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

4 Communication Network 11 Settlement Bank Server 12 Database 21 Financial Institution Server 22 Database
31, 32 Customer terminal

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[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] May 1, 2002 (2002.5.1)

[Procedure amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] Claims

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

[Claims]

Claims (21)

[Claims] 1. An electronic money issuing means for issuing electronic money in response to a deposit from a customer, wherein the electronic money issuing means issues electronic money including a deposit amount and a selected premium. Payment system using electronic money. 2. The payment system using electronic money according to claim 1, wherein said premium portion is selected by selecting a premium rate equal to or lower than a preset premium rate. 3. The settlement system using electronic money according to claim 1, wherein said settlement system has customer account storage means for managing and storing information of electronic money issued to each customer for each customer. 4. The settlement system further includes cash settlement means for discounting a settlement rate from the electronic money and exchanging it for cash, wherein the settlement rate is based on at least a total amount of issued electronic money and a matching fund for issuance. The settlement system using electronic money according to claim 1, wherein the payment system is determined by: 5. The payment system using electronic money according to claim 4, wherein said payment rate is determined by the following equation. Settlement rate (%) = {(Electronic money issued amount-Expected issuance fund) / Expected issuance fund} x 100 6. The settlement system using electronic money according to claim 4, further comprising means for distributing information relating to the total amount of issued electronic money and information relating to the money to be issued. 7. The settlement system further comprises means for receiving and registering information relating to a foreign exchange transaction of electronic money from a customer, and means for executing a foreign exchange transaction based on the foreign exchange transaction information. The settlement system using electronic money according to claim 1. 8. The settlement system further comprises: means for receiving and registering information relating to electronic money futures transactions from a customer; and means for executing futures transactions based on the futures transaction information. The settlement system using electronic money according to claim 1. 9. The settlement system further comprises means for receiving and registering information relating to electronic money call transactions from a customer, and means for executing a call transaction based on the call transaction information. The settlement system using electronic money according to claim 1. 10. The settlement system further comprises: means for receiving and registering information relating to an electronic money option transaction from a customer; and means for executing an option transaction based on the option transaction information. The settlement system using electronic money according to claim 1. 11. The settlement system further comprises means for receiving and registering information relating to an electronic money swap transaction from a customer, and means for executing a swap transaction based on the swap transaction information. The settlement system using electronic money according to claim 1. 12. An electronic money issuing step for issuing electronic money in response to a cash deposit from a customer, wherein the electronic money issuance step includes a step of calculating a premium determined by a selected premium rate. ,
Issuing electronic money according to the calculation result. 13. The settlement method using electronic money according to claim 12, wherein the premium portion is selected to be equal to or less than a preset premium rate. 14. The settlement method further comprises the step of discounting the settlement rate from the electronic money and exchanging it for cash, wherein the settlement rate is based on at least the total amount of the issued electronic money and the issuance fund. 13. The settlement method using electronic money according to claim 12, wherein the settlement is determined. 15. The settlement method using electronic money according to claim 14, wherein the settlement rate is determined by the following equation. Settlement rate (%) = {(Electronic money issued-Expected issuance fund) / Expected issuance fund} x 100 16. The settlement method using electronic money according to claim 14, further comprising a step of distributing information on the total amount of issued electronic money and information on the total amount of deposit. 17. The settlement method further includes a step of receiving and registering information relating to an electronic money exchange transaction from a customer, and a step of executing an exchange transaction based on the exchange transaction information. 13. The settlement method using electronic money according to claim 12. 18. The settlement method further comprises a step of receiving and registering information on a futures transaction of electronic money from a customer, and a step of executing a futures transaction based on the futures transaction information. 13. The settlement method using electronic money according to claim 12. 19. The settlement method further includes a step of receiving and registering information relating to a call transaction of electronic money from a customer, and a step of executing a call transaction based on the call transaction information. 13. The settlement method using electronic money according to claim 12. 20. The settlement method, further comprising: a step of receiving and registering information relating to an electronic money option transaction from a customer; and a step of executing an option transaction based on the option transaction information. 13. The settlement method using electronic money according to claim 12. 21. The settlement method further comprises a step of receiving and registering information relating to an electronic money swap transaction from a customer, and a step of executing a swap transaction based on the swap transaction information. 13. The settlement method using electronic money according to claim 12.