JP2002286020A - Crank mechanism of reciprocating engine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a crank mechanism of a reciprocating engine capable of improving durability by preventing partial wear of a piston 31 and cylinder 33. SOLUTION: The crank mechanism of the reciprocating engine is comprised of arms 12 and 12 attached to main shaft 11 and 11, links 13 and 13 connecting the arms 12 and 12 with a connecting rod 32 of a piston 31, and a driving mechanism 20. The driving mechanism 20 rotatably drives the links 13 and 13 within a reverse direction around a connecting position with the arms 12 and 12 at double angular velocity against the arms 12 and 12. Upon maintaining the connecting rod 32 in a centerline C of the cylinder 33, the connecting rod 32 cannot be oscillated in proportion to reciprocating motion of the piston 31.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a crank mechanism of a reciprocating engine capable of improving durability of an engine, a pump, a compressor, and the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A reciprocating engine such as a gasoline engine, a diesel engine, a pump, a compressor, etc., utilizing a reciprocating motion of a piston incorporates a crankshaft for connecting a main shaft to a piston.

[0003] That is, the crankshaft is connected to a connecting rod of the piston at a position away from the axis by a predetermined eccentric distance, and converts the reciprocating motion of the piston in the cylinder into a rotational motion, or converts the rotational motion of the main shaft into a piston motion. Can be converted into a reciprocating motion.

[0004]

According to the prior art, the crankshaft swings the connecting rod left and right with the reciprocating motion of the piston. The problem that there is a risk of inevitable is inevitable.

In view of the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, an object of the present invention is to combine an arm attached to a main shaft, a link for connecting the arm to a connecting rod of the piston, and a drive mechanism to form a piston or a cylinder. An object of the present invention is to provide a crank mechanism of a reciprocating engine capable of preventing uneven wear and improving durability.

[0006]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a driving mechanism comprising: an arm attached to a main shaft; a link connecting the arm to a connecting rod of a piston; and a driving mechanism. The gist of the mechanism is to drive the link to rotate around the connecting position with the arm in the opposite direction at twice the angular velocity of the arm, and to hold the connecting rod on the center line of the cylinder.

The driving mechanism can include a driving gear coaxial with the main shaft and a moving gear connected to the driving gear and rotating the link, and the driving gear is connected to the main shaft via a speed increasing mechanism. can do.

The drive mechanism can include a fixed gear coaxial with the main shaft, and a moving gear connected to the fixed gear via an intermediate gear and driving the link to rotate. , A moving gear connected to the ring gear and rotationally driving the link.

Further, the drive mechanism may include a fixed sprocket coaxial with the main shaft, and a movable sprocket connected to the fixed sprocket and driving the link to rotate.

A pair of arms and links can be provided on both sides of the connecting rod.

[0011]

According to the structure of the present invention, the link is rotationally driven in the opposite direction by an angular velocity twice the angular velocity of the arm via the drive mechanism, and holds the connecting rod on the center line of the cylinder. The piston can be reciprocated without swinging. The arm,
The link converts the reciprocating motion of the piston into the rotational motion of the main shaft or the rotational motion of the main shaft into the reciprocating motion of the piston via a connecting rod that reciprocates on the center line of the cylinder. The stroke of the piston is equal to twice the sum of the effective lengths of the arm and the link. However, the spindle is
It is assumed that the axis is orthogonal to the center line of the cylinder.

The driving mechanism combines a driving gear coaxial with the main shaft and a moving gear, and rotates the driving gear in the same direction as the main shaft and at a higher speed than the main shaft, thereby doubling the angular velocity of the arm through the moving gear. The link can be rotated in the reverse direction by the angular velocity of. The drive gear can be set to an arbitrary gear ratio with respect to the moving gear, and may be driven to rotate at an appropriate angular speed higher than the main shaft according to the gear ratio with respect to the moving gear.

By connecting the drive gear to the main shaft via a speed increasing mechanism, the driving gear can be rotated at a higher speed than the main shaft via the speed increasing mechanism, and there is no need for external driving. However, the speed increasing ratio of the speed increasing mechanism is appropriately determined according to the gear ratio of the driving gear to the moving gear.

The drive mechanism combines a fixed gear coaxial with the main shaft, an intermediate gear, and a moving gear to form a main shaft,
As the arm rotates, the link can be rotated in the opposite direction via the moving gear at twice the angular velocity of the arm. The fixed gear is set to a gear ratio of 2 with respect to the moving gear.

The drive mechanism can rotate the link in the opposite direction at twice the angular velocity with respect to the arm, even if a fixed ring gear and a movable gear are combined. The ring gear is set to a gear ratio 2 with respect to the moving gear.

Further, the same operation can be realized by using a fixed sprocket and a moving sprocket instead of the ring gear and the moving gear as the driving mechanism. At this time, the effective diameter of the fixed sprocket may be set to twice that of the moving sprocket.

Note that the moving gear, intermediate gear,
The moving sprockets are each mounted rotatably on the arm.

The arm and the link, each of which has a pair on each side of the connecting rod, can support both pistons via the connecting rod, thereby improving the overall strength.

[0019]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

The crank mechanism of the reciprocating engine has a main shaft 1
Arms 12 and 12 attached to 1 and 11;
It is provided with links 13 and 13 for connecting 12 to a connecting rod 32 of a piston 31 and a drive mechanism 20 (FIGS. 1 and 2).

The piston 31 is incorporated in a cylinder 33 so as to be able to reciprocate freely.
The connecting rod 32 is connected via 1a. However, the spindles 11 and 11 have a common shaft center C1 as the cylinder 3
3, disposed so as to be orthogonal to the common center line C of the piston 31, the main shafts 11, 11, the arms 12,
2. A pair of links 13 is provided on both sides of the connecting rod 32, respectively.

The main shafts 11, 11 are opposed to each other on a common shaft center C1.
The fixed frame 15 is rotatably penetrated through 1a. Arms 12 having counterweights 12a are respectively attached at the same angle to the opposite shaft ends of the main shafts 11, 11, and the arms 12, 12 are connected to the links 13, 1 respectively.
3. It is connected to the connecting rod 32 via the shaft 13c. That is, the arms 12, 12, the links 13, 13
Supports both the piston 31 via the shaft 13c and the connecting rod 32, and connects the main shafts 11, 11.

The links 13, 13 are respectively connected to shafts 13a,
The arm 12 is rotatably connected to the distal end of the arm 12 via a metal bush 13b.
It is rotatably connected to the connecting rod 32 via 3d. However, each set of arms 12 and links 13 is
1, 11, effective length L1 between shafts 13a, shafts 13a, 13
The effective length between c is set to L2 = L1.

The drive mechanism 20 includes a drive gear 21 coaxial with the main shaft 11 and a shaft 13a on one side of the link 13 on the arm 12 side.
, And a moving gear 22 mounted on the arm 12. The driving gear 21 includes an auxiliary shaft 23
And meshes with a moving gear 22 mounted on the arm 12 via a shaft 13a. The auxiliary shaft 23 is rotatably mounted on one main shaft 11 via a metal bush 23a.

The drive gear 21 is connected to one main shaft 11 via a speed increasing mechanism 40. The speed increasing mechanism 40 includes gears 41, 42, 43 for connecting the main shaft 11 and the auxiliary shaft 23,
44. The gear 41 is mounted on the main shaft 11, and the gears 42, 43 are mounted on an intermediate shaft 45 that rotatably passes through the fixed frames 15, 15 via metal bushes 45a, 45a. The gear 44 is mounted on the auxiliary shaft 23.

However, in FIG. 1 and FIG.
Are shown at positions that do not align with each other for convenience. That is, the intermediate shaft 45 is connected to the arms 12, 12, the link 1
What is necessary is just to arrange | position in parallel with the main shafts 11 and 11 in the position which does not contact 3 and 13, and can arrange | position at arbitrary positions around the main shafts 11 and 11. The speed increasing mechanism 40
When the main shafts 11, 11 rotate in the direction of arrow K1 in FIG. 1, the drive gear 21 rotates in the same direction as the main shafts 11, 11 via the gears 41, 42, the intermediate shafts 45, the gears 43, 44, and the auxiliary shaft 23. Can be driven.

The drive mechanism 20 is set at a gear ratio 1 of the drive gear 21 with respect to the moving gear 22, and the speed increase mechanism 40 is set at a speed increase ratio 3 of the drive gear 21 with respect to the main shaft 11. Then, when the main shafts 11, 11 and the arms 12, 12 rotate integrally, the drive gear 21 (arrow K1 in FIG. 3A).
Direction), the rotation speed is increased to three times the angular speed of the main shafts 11, 11, and rotates in the same direction. The moving gear 22 revolves around the driving gear 21 according to the rotation of the arm 12 while meshing with the driving gear 21 ( The direction of the arrow K2 in the figure).

At this time, the moving gear 22 is
Through the arm 1 in the direction of arrow K3 in FIG.
The links 13 and 13 can be rotationally driven in the opposite direction to the arms 12 and 12 around the connection position of the links 12 and 13 and the links 13 and 13 (in the direction of the arrow K4 in the figure). The links 13, 13 have a gear ratio of 1 to the drive gear 21 with respect to the moving gear 22, and the drive gear 21 rotates at high speed at an angular velocity three times that of the main shafts 11, 11.
1. The arm 12 rotates in the opposite direction at an angular velocity twice the angular velocity of the arms 12 (FIGS. 3A to 3C).

Therefore, the arm 1 is connected via the main shafts 11, 11.
2 and 12 are set on the center line C toward the piston 31, and the link 13 is connected via the drive gear 21 and the moving gear 22.
When the arm 13 is set in the extending direction of the arms 12 and 12 (FIGS. 2 and 4A), the arms 12 and 12 and the links 13 and 1
3 positions the piston 31 at the top dead center via the connecting rod 32. Subsequently, when the arms 12, 12 are rotated by 180 ° via the main shafts 11, 11 (FIG. 4B).
(D), FIG. 5 (A)), the piston 31
13, located at the bottom dead center via the connecting rod 32, during which the links 13, 13 rotate 360 ° in the opposite direction to the arms 12, 12 via the drive mechanism 20 to move the connecting rod 32 to the center line C Holding on. Also, the spindle 11,
When the arms 12 and 12 are further rotated by 180 ° via 11 (FIGS. 5B to 5D and 4A), the piston 31 returns to the top dead center, and the links 13 and 13 Also, the connecting rod 32 can be held on the center line C.

That is, the piston 31 is connected to the connecting rod 3
2 can be reciprocated in the cylinder 33 without swinging. The stroke of the piston 31 is
Each effective length L1 of the arms 12, 12, the links 13, 13
, L2, that is, 2 (L1 + L2).

When the driving mechanism 20 is set to the gear ratio 2 of the driving gear 21 with respect to the moving gear 22, the driving gear 2
1 is rotated at a high speed in the same direction at twice the angular velocity of the main shafts 11, 11, so that the links 13, 13 can be rotationally driven in the opposite direction to the arms 12, 12 at a double angular velocity of the arms 12, 12. Yes (Figure 6). That is, the drive gear 21 has, for example, the arms 12, 12 at 45 °, 9
During the rotation by 0 °, the link 13 via the moving gear 22
13 can be rotated in the opposite direction by 90 ° and 180 ° (FIGS. (A) to (C)). In general, assuming that the drive gear 21 has a gear ratio M with respect to the moving gear 22, the speed increase ratio R with respect to the main shafts 11, 11 is set to R = (2 + M) / M> 1 (FIG. 7), whereby the arms 12, 12 In contrast, the links 13, 13 can be rotationally driven in the opposite direction at twice the angular velocity.

However, the basis of the equation of the speed increase ratio R is as follows (FIG. 6). Spindles 11, 11, Arms 12, 12
Assuming that the angular velocity ω1 is the driving gear 21, the driving gear 21 has the angular velocity ω2 =
Rω1 and the moving gear 22
The drive gear 21 is driven by the drive gear 21 while revolving at the angular velocity ω1 in accordance with the rotation of 2, and is rotationally driven based on the relative angular velocity (ω2-ω1) between the arms 12, 12 and the drive gear 21. That is, the angular velocity ω3 of the moving gear 22 is ω3 = M (ω2−ω1) (1). Therefore, the moving gear 22 for the main shafts 11, 11
Is defined as ω3 = 2ω1 (2), the equation of the speed increase ratio R can be derived from the equations (1) and (2) and the equation of ω2 = Rω1.

In the above description, when the piston 31 and the cylinder 33 are used as an engine,
12, the links 13, 13 and the connecting rod 32 convert the reciprocating motion of the piston 31 into the rotational motion of the main shafts 11, 11,
When used as a compressor or a pump, the rotational movement of the main shafts 11, 11 can be converted into the reciprocating movement of the piston 31.

The speed increasing mechanism 40 includes gears 41, 42,
Instead of 43 and 44, the drive gear 21 may be connected to the main shaft 11 via a chain or a timing belt. Also, metal bushes 11a, 13b, 13d, 23a,
45a may be replaced with an appropriate bearing as needed. Further, the arms 12, 12, the link 13,
13 omits one pair instead of providing a pair on each side of the connecting rod 32,
The piston 31 can be supported on one side only.

[0035]

[Other Embodiments] In FIG. 1, a moving gear 22 of a driving mechanism 20 is connected to an arm 12, a link 13 via a shaft 13a.
(FIG. 8). The drive gear 21 includes an auxiliary shaft 2 as a rotary shaft which is rotatably mounted on the main shaft 11.
3 and is engaged with the moving gear 22.

The drive mechanism 20 is different from the drive gear 21 in that
An intermediate gear 25, a fixed gear 24 coaxial with the main shafts 11, 11,
It can be configured by combining the moving gears 22 (FIG. 9). However, FIG. 9B is a view corresponding to the line YY in FIG. 9A. The fixed gear 24 is fixed to a shaft end of a fixed shaft 24 a provided inside the main shaft 11, and is connected to the moving gear 22 via an intermediate gear 25 rotatably mounted on the arm 12. The fixed gear 24 is set to a gear ratio 2 with respect to the moving gear 22.

The moving gear 22 and the intermediate gear 25 are
When the arms 12 and 12 rotate through the wheels 1 and 11 (FIG. 9)
(B) (in the direction of arrow K1), and revolves around the fixed gear 24 (in the direction of arrow K2 in FIG. 3B). At this time, the intermediate gear 25 revolves while meshing with the fixed gear 24, thereby rotating the moving gear 22 in the opposite direction to the arm 12 (in the direction of arrow K3 in FIG. 3B). The links 13 and 13 can be driven to rotate in the opposite direction at twice the angular velocity with respect to the link 12.

The driving mechanism 20 may be configured by meshing the moving gear 22 on the arm 12 with the fixed ring gear 26 (FIG. 10). However, FIG.
FIG. 2 is a view corresponding to the arrow ZZ in FIG. The internal gear ring gear 26 is fixed to the fixed frame 15 coaxially with the main shafts 11, 11, and has a gear ratio of 2 with respect to the moving gear 22.
Is set to Note that the effective diameter D of the moving gear 22 is
It is assumed that D = 2L1 for the effective length L1 of the arm 12. The moving gear 22 includes the main shafts 11, 11
When the arms 12 and 12 rotate through the shaft (in the direction of the arrow K1 in FIG. 2B), they revolve while meshing with the ring gear 26 (in the direction of the arrow K2 in FIG.
It can be rotated in the opposite direction at an angular velocity twice that of 2, 12 (in the direction of arrow K4 in the figure).

The drive mechanism 20 shown in FIG. 10 drives the fixed sprocket coaxial with the main shaft 11 and the links 13 and 13 via a chain or a timing belt instead of combining the moving gear 22 and the ring gear 26. The moving sprocket may be connected to be configured. However,
The fixed sprocket on the main shaft 11 side is set to have an effective diameter twice as large as the movable sprocket on the link 13 side.

According to the present invention, a plurality of sets of main shafts 11 are provided on a common shaft center C1, and a connecting rod 3 is provided for each set of main shafts 11.
2. A crank mechanism including the arm 12, the link 13, and the drive mechanism 20 can be configured to configure a multi-cylinder engine or a compressor. In this case, the cylinder 3
. May be arranged in a line in the direction of the axis C1 to form an in-line multi-cylinder type, or arranged around the axis C1 to form a star-shaped multi-cylinder type. Further, these can be combined to form an arbitrary multi-cylinder type including a V-shaped multi-cylinder and an opposed multi-cylinder.

[0041]

As described above, according to the present invention, by combining the arm attached to the main shaft, the link connecting the arm to the connecting rod of the piston, and the drive mechanism, the drive mechanism is attached to the arm. On the other hand, link 2
Since the connecting rod can be held on the center line of the cylinder via the link by rotating in the opposite direction at twice the angular velocity, the connecting rod does not swing with the reciprocation of the piston, and the piston and cylinder Has an excellent effect that the uneven wear can be prevented and the durability can be greatly improved.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of the overall configuration.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line XX of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of an operation (1).

FIG. 4 is an operation explanatory view (2).

FIG. 5 is an operation explanatory view (3).

FIG. 6 is an operation explanatory view (4).

FIG. 7 is an operation explanatory diagram.

FIG. 8 is a schematic configuration diagram showing another embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a schematic structural explanatory view showing another embodiment (1).

FIG. 10 is a schematic structural explanatory view showing another embodiment (2).

[Explanation of symbols]

 C ... Center line 11 ... Spindle 12 ... Arm 13 ... Link 20 ... Drive mechanism 21 ... Drive gear 22 ... Movement gear 24 ... Fixed gear 25 ... Intermediate gear 26 ... Ring gear 31 ... Piston 32 ... Connecting rod 33 ... Cylinder 40 ... Speed increase mechanism

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. An arm attached to a main shaft, a link connecting the arm to a connecting rod of a piston, and a driving mechanism, the driving mechanism connecting the link with an angular velocity twice as high as that of the arm. A crank mechanism of a reciprocating engine, wherein the crank mechanism is driven to rotate in a reverse direction about a connection position with an arm and holds a connection rod on a center line of a cylinder. 2. The reciprocating engine according to claim 1, wherein the drive mechanism includes a drive gear coaxial with the main shaft, and a moving gear connected to the drive gear and rotating the link. Crank mechanism. 3. The crank mechanism for a reciprocating engine according to claim 2, wherein the drive gear is connected to the main shaft via a speed increasing mechanism. 4. The drive mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the drive mechanism includes a fixed gear coaxial with a main shaft, and a moving gear connected to the fixed gear via an intermediate gear to rotate the link. Reciprocating engine crank mechanism. 5. The driving mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the driving mechanism includes a fixed ring gear coaxial with the main shaft, and a moving gear connected to the ring gear and driving the link to rotate.
The crank mechanism of the reciprocating engine according to the above. 6. The reciprocating engine according to claim 1, wherein the drive mechanism includes a fixed sprocket coaxial with a main shaft, and a moving sprocket connected to the fixed sprocket and driving the link to rotate. Crank mechanism. 7. The arm and the link are provided as a pair on each side of a connecting rod.
A crank mechanism for a reciprocating engine according to claim 6.