JP2002267581A - Specimen for fracture toughness test of tubular metallic material - Google Patents
Specimen for fracture toughness test of tubular metallic materialInfo
- Publication number
- JP2002267581A JP2002267581A JP2001071536A JP2001071536A JP2002267581A JP 2002267581 A JP2002267581 A JP 2002267581A JP 2001071536 A JP2001071536 A JP 2001071536A JP 2001071536 A JP2001071536 A JP 2001071536A JP 2002267581 A JP2002267581 A JP 2002267581A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- test piece
- test
- metal material
- notch
- fracture toughness
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、例えば原子燃料被
覆管の如き管状材料の破壊靱性を評価する試験に用いて
好適な試験片形状に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a test piece shape suitable for a test for evaluating the fracture toughness of a tubular material such as a nuclear fuel cladding tube.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来、金属材料の破壊靱性評価手法に
は、破壊に伴って試験片厚さなどの変形が起きないとい
う条件、即ち、平面ひずみ条件を満足するのに充分な厚
さの試験片に対するＣＴ（コンパクトテンション）試験
が用いられていた。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a method for evaluating the fracture toughness of a metal material includes a test in which a deformation such as a thickness of a test piece does not occur due to fracture, that is, a test having a thickness sufficient to satisfy a plane strain condition. A CT (compact tension) test on the strip was used.
【０００３】また、単純に被覆管を切り出して試験片を
チャックにより把み、その状態で管に予め設けておくノ
ッチ（切欠き）方向に裂けるような荷重を加えて試験片
に応力を負荷する試験手法も従来より実施されていた。Further, a cladding tube is simply cut out, a test piece is grasped by a chuck, and a stress is applied to the test piece by applying a load that tears in a notch (notch) direction provided in advance in the tube. Test methods have also been implemented conventionally.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかし、前者の手法
は、比較的肉厚のある管の場合にはある程度、使用し得
るとしても、原子燃料被覆管のような薄肉の管状材料に
対しては不安定破壊領域において、平面ひずみが達成さ
れないため、正確な靱性評価が困難であった。However, the former approach, even though it can be used to some extent for relatively thick tubes, is not suitable for thin-walled tubular materials such as nuclear fuel cladding. Since plane strain was not achieved in the unstable fracture region, accurate toughness evaluation was difficult.
【０００５】また、後者の手法は、試験片を挿荷した治
具の内部で試験片が滑り、あるいは目的とするクラック
先端部位以外の変形が生じるために正しい靱性値を得る
には至らなかった。In the latter method, the test piece slips inside the jig in which the test piece is loaded, or deformation occurs at a portion other than the target crack tip, so that a correct toughness value cannot be obtained. .
【０００６】本発明は上述の如き実状に対処し、特に薄
肉の管状材料に対して応力負荷用のノッチ又はピンを挿
荷して応力を負荷し、効果的にクラック（亀裂）を進展
させるための試験片形状を提供することを目的とするも
のである。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention addresses the above-mentioned situation, and in particular applies a notch or a pin for applying a stress to a thin-walled tubular material to apply a stress to effectively propagate a crack (crack). It is an object of the present invention to provide a test piece shape.
【０００７】[0007]
【課題を解決するための手段】即ち、上記目的に適合
し、その効果を達成する試験片は、先ず基本的に管状金
属材料の破壊靱性を評価するための試験片であって、直
径２０ｍｍ以下、肉厚１ｍｍ以下で、かつ管の肉厚方向
で同一又は異なる組成の１重，２重もしくは３重の構成
層からなる金属材料の管から切り出され、亀裂進展を導
入可能な応力負荷用のノッチ又は／及びピン挿荷穴を有
していることを特徴とする。That is, a test piece that meets the above-mentioned object and achieves its effects is a test piece for basically evaluating the fracture toughness of a tubular metal material, and has a diameter of 20 mm or less. A metal material having a thickness of 1 mm or less and made of a single, double or triple component layer having the same or different composition in the thickness direction of the tube, for stress loading capable of introducing crack propagation. It has a notch or / and a pin insertion hole.
【０００８】請求項２は上記における管状金属材料がＺ
ｒｙ−２，Ｚｒｙ−４及びジルコニウム合金の原子燃料
被覆管であり、試験片を該被覆管より切り出すことを特
徴とする。請求項３は、試験片の形状は管の半分を使用
し試験片とすることであり、管状のまま用いると正しい
靱性評価が難しくなるからである。According to a second aspect of the present invention, the tubular metal material is Z
A nuclear fuel cladding tube made of ry-2, Zry-4, and a zirconium alloy, wherein a test piece is cut out from the cladding tube. Claim 3 is that the shape of the test piece is to use a half of the tube as the test piece, and it is difficult to correctly evaluate the toughness if the test piece is used as it is.
【０００９】請求項４は均一な長さの試験片を採取でき
る範囲の具体的構成であり、試験片の軸方向長さが２
０．０ｍｍ以下で、応力負荷用ノッチの試験片端からの
長さが１０ｍｍ以下、又は応力負荷用ピン挿荷穴の位置
が試験片端から１０ｍｍ以下の範囲で、穴径が３ｍｍ以
下であることを特徴とする。A fourth aspect of the present invention has a specific configuration in which a test piece having a uniform length can be collected.
0.0 mm or less, the length of the notch for stress loading from the test piece end is 10 mm or less, or the position of the stress loading pin loading hole is 10 mm or less from the test piece end, and the hole diameter is 3 mm or less. Features.
【００１０】また、請求項５の発明は、試験片に対して
ノッチ又はピンによる応力を負荷し、割れを発生させる
側と反対側において、試験片内部に発生する圧縮応力の
緩和と、試験片に対する片側からのクラック進展を補助
するために先端半径０．２〜２．０ｍｍの切り欠きを導
入するものである。According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, a notch or a pin is used to apply a stress to a test piece to relieve a compressive stress generated inside the test piece on a side opposite to a side where cracks are generated. A notch with a tip radius of 0.2 to 2.0 mm is introduced in order to assist crack propagation from one side with respect to.
【００１１】請求項６の発明は上記各例の試験片に対し
一定の個所で安定した亀裂を進展できるようにノッチ先
端に５ｍｍ以下のクラックを導入するものである。According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, a crack of 5 mm or less is introduced at the tip of the notch so that a stable crack can be propagated at a predetermined location in the test piece of each of the above examples.
【００１２】[0012]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、更に上記本発明の具体的態
様を添付図面にもとづいて説明する。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
【００１３】本発明試験片は前述の如く管状の金属材
料、特に薄肉の管状材料に対して応力負荷用ノッチ又は
ピンを挿荷して応力負荷の方向が夫々、試験片下端のノ
ッチを回転中心とする回転方向になるように応力を負荷
し、効果的に亀裂（クラック）を進展させることによっ
て破壊靱性試験を行うものである。As described above, the test piece of the present invention has a notch or a pin for loading a stress on a tubular metal material, particularly a thin-walled tubular material. A fracture toughness test is performed by applying a stress so as to be in the rotation direction described above and effectively growing a crack (crack).
【００１４】ここで特に上記試験の対象とする管状金属
材料は、Ｚｒｙ−２，Ｚｒｙ−４及びジルコニウム合金
の原子燃料被覆管であり、薄肉の管状材料である。即
ち、この管状材料は通常、直径が２０ｍｍ以下、肉厚が
１ｍｍ以下であり、かつ管の肉厚方向で組成の同じか、
又は異なる１重，２重もしくは３重の構成層からなる金
属材料、とりわけジルコニウム合金からなる管であり、
試験片はこの管状材料より切り出される。The tubular metal material to be subjected to the above test is a nuclear fuel cladding tube made of Zry-2, Zry-4 and a zirconium alloy, and is a thin-walled tubular material. That is, this tubular material usually has a diameter of 20 mm or less, a wall thickness of 1 mm or less, and has the same composition in the thickness direction of the tube,
Or a tube made of a metal material composed of different single, double or triple component layers, especially a zirconium alloy,
Test specimens are cut from this tubular material.
【００１５】なお、この場合の試験片の軸方向長さｌ１
は２０．０ｍｍ以下、特に５〜１０ｍｍ位であることが
好ましい。もしもこの長さ以上であれば照射後の原子燃
料被覆管材料から均一な長さの試験片を採取できないか
らである。また、試験片の形状としては管の半分を使用
して形成することが好適である。何故ならば管状のまま
用いると正しい靭性値評価が困難になるためである。し
かして、本発明は上述の如き管状材料から切り出された
各試験片に対し、その特徴として効果的に亀裂を進展さ
せるため応力負荷用のノッチ又はピン挿荷穴を設けてい
る。図１（イ）（ロ）はノッチ付き試験片の１例を示
し、（イ）は治具挿入方向ならびに応力負荷の状態、
（ロ）は形状例である。In this case, the axial length l 1 of the test piece is set.
Is preferably 20.0 mm or less, particularly preferably about 5 to 10 mm. If the length is longer than this, a test piece having a uniform length cannot be obtained from the irradiated nuclear fuel cladding material. It is preferable that the test piece is formed using a half of the tube. This is because it is difficult to correctly evaluate a toughness value when used in a tubular state. According to the present invention, a notch or a pin insertion hole for stress loading is provided for each test piece cut from the tubular material as described above in order to effectively propagate a crack. FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b) show an example of a notched test piece, and FIG.
(B) is a shape example.
【００１６】これら図示のように試験片２には試験時、
装荷される治具１内部における試験片２の滑りを防止す
るために亀裂を発生させるノッチ３が設けられていて、
該ノッチ３の開口部に力を負荷させるための治具１の爪
が引掛かるような形状となっている。この場合、試験片
に対して応力を負荷するときの応力負荷用ノッチ３の試
験片端部からの長さｌ２は１〜１０ｍｍであることが好
ましい。As shown in FIG.
A notch 3 for generating a crack is provided to prevent the test piece 2 from slipping inside the loaded jig 1,
The jig 1 for applying a force to the opening of the notch 3 has such a shape that a claw can be hooked. In this case, the length l 2 from the test piece end of the stress loading notch 3 when load stress to the test piece is preferably 1 to 10 mm.
【００１７】図２（イ）（ロ）はピン挿荷穴４を有する
試験片のピン挿荷方向、ならびに応力負荷態様と、形状
の１例であり、試験片２のノッチ３の両側にピン挿荷穴
４が設けられ、ピン５を該穴４に通し、ピン５で引張応
力を負荷できるように加工されている。この場合、試験
片に対して応力を負荷するときのピンを挿荷する際の試
験片に加工される穴径は、好ましくは１〜３ｍｍ程度で
ある。もし、上述したノッチ３及びピン挿荷穴４の加工
がなければ応力負荷に際し試験片つかみ部に滑りが生
じ、応力負荷の方向が夫々の試験片形状に対して図１及
び図２各（イ）に示すように試験片下端のノッチ６を回
転中心とする回転方向になるようにすることはできな
い。FIGS. 2A and 2B show an example of a pin loading direction, a stress loading mode, and a shape of a test piece having a pin loading hole 4. Pins are provided on both sides of a notch 3 of the test piece 2. A loading hole 4 is provided, and the pin 5 is processed through the hole 4 so that a tensile stress can be applied by the pin 5. In this case, the diameter of the hole formed in the test piece when the pin is loaded when a stress is applied to the test piece is preferably about 1 to 3 mm. If the notch 3 and the pin insertion hole 4 are not machined as described above, the gripping portion of the test piece slips during the stress load, and the direction of the stress load is different for each of the test piece shapes in FIGS. As shown in ()), it is not possible to set the rotation direction around the notch 6 at the lower end of the test piece.
【００１８】この図１，図２に示す回転方向とすること
は破壊ポイントに集中荷重を加え、クラック先端のみで
常に破壊が進行するようにするためであり、平面ひずみ
条件が保たれる。これに対して、短軸非回転水平引張方
向では破面の平面ひずみ条件は満足されない。なお、上
記ノッチ３ならびにピン挿荷穴４は何れか一方でもよい
が、可及的併有させることが好ましい。なお、上記ノッ
チ３，ピン挿荷穴４の何れの場合でも、図示例のように
試験片２に対して治具１及びピン５による応力を負荷
し、割れを発生させる側と反対側において、更に先端半
径０．２〜２．０ｍｍ程度のノッチ６が導入されてい
る。これは、試験片内部に発生する圧縮応力の緩和と、
試験片に対する片側からの亀裂（クラック）進展を補助
する上で有効である。また図１，図２の両形状におい
て、ノッチ３の先端に続いてクラック７が導入される。
これは一定の個所で安定した亀裂を進展出来るからであ
る。The rotation direction shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is used to apply a concentrated load to the breaking point so that the breaking always progresses only at the crack tip, and the plane strain condition is maintained. On the other hand, the plane strain condition of the fracture surface is not satisfied in the short axis non-rotational horizontal tension direction. It should be noted that either the notch 3 or the pin insertion hole 4 may be provided, but it is preferable that the notch 3 and the pin insertion hole 4 are provided as much as possible. In any case of the notch 3 and the pin loading hole 4, stress is applied to the test piece 2 by the jig 1 and the pin 5 on the test piece 2, as shown in the illustrated example, on the side opposite to the side where cracks occur. Further, a notch 6 having a tip radius of about 0.2 to 2.0 mm is introduced. This is due to the relaxation of the compressive stress generated inside the test piece,
It is effective in assisting the crack (crack) growth from one side to the test piece. 1 and 2, a crack 7 is introduced following the tip of the notch 3.
This is because a stable crack can propagate at a certain point.
【００１９】かくして上記の如き形状からなる試験片に
対し応力の負荷方向が夫々図１，図２に示すように試験
片下端のノッチを回転中心とする回転方向になるように
して試験を行い、破壊靭性値を評価する。（実施例）原
子燃料被覆管材料であるＺｒｙ−２の延性材料及び脆性
材料を使用材料とし、本発明による試験片形状と単純な
切り出しによる従来型の試験片形状を採取し、夫々の試
験片を治具に挿荷して常温で引張り試験を行い、荷重−
変位曲線を求めた。その曲線を図３に示す。図中、Ａは
本発明による延性材料の試験、Ａ′は本発明による脆性
材料の試験、Ｂは従来の試験による脆性材料の試験であ
る。試験の結果は、図示の曲線にみられるように、従来
の試験方法Ｂでは変位の増加にともない荷重を負荷して
いるチャックの滑りと試験片の塑性変形により荷重増加
に対する変位増加量は大きくなる傾向にあり、見かけ
上、脆性材料で弾性変形が生じている様な荷重変位曲線
を示している。Thus, a test was performed on the test piece having the above-mentioned shape such that the direction of stress application was in the direction of rotation about the notch at the lower end of the test piece as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, respectively. Evaluate the fracture toughness value. (Example) Using a ductile material and a brittle material of Zry-2 which is a nuclear fuel cladding tube material, a test piece shape according to the present invention and a conventional test piece shape obtained by simple cutting are sampled, and each test piece is obtained. Into a jig and perform a tensile test at room temperature.
The displacement curve was determined. The curve is shown in FIG. In the figure, A is a test for a ductile material according to the present invention, A 'is a test for a brittle material according to the present invention, and B is a test for a brittle material according to a conventional test. As can be seen from the curve shown in the drawing, the amount of increase in displacement with respect to the increase in load is increased due to the sliding of the chuck applying a load with the increase in displacement and the plastic deformation of the test piece in the conventional test method B, as can be seen from the curve shown in the figure. It has a tendency, and apparently shows a load-displacement curve in which a brittle material is elastically deformed.
【００２０】それに対し、本試験方法による試験によれ
ば、脆性材料Ａ′の試験では、図中の鋭いピークで示さ
れるように弾性変形後、殆ど塑性変形をともなわずに不
安定破壊に移行し、破断するのに対して延性材料Ａでは
塑性変形成分が大きく不安定破壊への移行は試験片の塑
性変形により緩慢であることが分かる。このように本試
験片形状への変更により荷重位曲線から弾性，塑性変形
成分を選択的に抽出することが可能となることが分か
る。On the other hand, according to the test according to the present test method, in the test of the brittle material A ', after elastic deformation as shown by a sharp peak in the figure, the material transitions to unstable fracture with almost no plastic deformation. It can be seen that the plastic deformation component of the ductile material A is large while the fracture occurs, but the transition to unstable fracture is slow due to the plastic deformation of the test piece. Thus, it can be understood that the change to the present test piece shape enables the elastic and plastic deformation components to be selectively extracted from the load level curve.
【００２１】[0021]
【発明の効果】上記本発明試験片により薄肉の管状材料
に対して応力負荷用ノッチ又はピンを挿荷して応力を負
荷し、効果的に亀裂を進展させることが可能となり、従
来、困難であった薄肉の管状材料の靭性評価を正確なら
しめ、靭性値評価の定量性を増す効果が期待される。According to the test piece of the present invention, a stress can be applied to a thin tubular material by inserting a notch or a pin for stress application, and a crack can be effectively propagated. It is expected that the toughness evaluation of the existing thin-walled tubular material will be accurate, and the effect of increasing the quantitativeness of the toughness value evaluation will be improved.
【図１】ノッチつき試験片の態様であり、（イ）は試験
片を裂く応力を負荷させるための治具挿荷方向及び応力
負荷方向を示し、（ロ）は切り出した試験片形状を示
す。FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a notched test piece, in which (a) shows a jig loading direction and a stress applying direction for applying a stress for tearing the test piece, and (b) shows a cut-out test piece shape. .
【図２】ピン挿荷穴を有する試験片の態様であり、
（イ）は試験片を裂く応力を負荷させるためのピンの挿
荷方向及び応力負荷方向を示し、（ロ）は切り出した試
験片形状を示す。FIG. 2 is an embodiment of a test piece having a pin insertion hole,
(A) shows the direction of insertion of the pin for applying the stress that tears the test piece and the direction of the stress application, and (B) shows the shape of the cut test piece.
【図３】本発明試験片による試験法と従来の試験片によ
る試験法との加重変位曲線である。FIG. 3 is a load displacement curve of a test method using a test piece of the present invention and a test method using a conventional test piece.
１ 治具 ２ 試験片 ３ ノッチ ４ ピン挿荷穴 ５ ピン 1 jig 2 test piece 3 notch 4 pin loading hole 5 pin
Claims (6)
試験片であって、直径２０ｍｍ以下、肉厚１ｍｍ以下
で、かつ管の肉厚方向で同一又は異なる組成の１重，２
重もしくは３重の構成層からなる金属材料の管から切り
出され、亀裂進展を導入可能な応力負荷用のノッチ又は
／及びピン挿荷穴を有していることを特徴とする管状金
属材料の破壊靱性試験用試験片。1. A test piece for evaluating the fracture toughness of a tubular metal material, which has a diameter of 20 mm or less, a wall thickness of 1 mm or less, and has a single or double composition of the same or different composition in the wall thickness direction of the tube.
Breakage of a tubular metal material cut out of a metal material tube comprising a heavy or triple component layer and having a notch or / and a pin loading hole for stress loading capable of introducing crack propagation. Test specimen for toughness test.
びジルコニウム合金の原子燃料被覆管である請求項１記
載の管状金属材料の破壊靱性試験用試験片。2. The test piece for testing the fracture toughness of a tubular metal material according to claim 1, wherein the tubular metal material is a nuclear fuel cladding tube of Zry-2, Zry-4 and a zirconium alloy.
求項１又は２記載の管状金属材料の破壊靱性試験用試験
片。3. The test piece for testing the fracture toughness of a tubular metal material according to claim 1, wherein the test piece is formed by using a half of a tube.
あり、応力負荷用ノッチの試験片端からの長さが１０ｍ
ｍ以下、又は応力負荷用ピン挿荷穴の位置が試験片端か
ら１０ｍｍ以下の範囲で、穴径が３ｍｍ以下である請求
項１，２又は３記載の管状金属材料破壊靱性試験用試験
片。4. The test piece has an axial length of 20.0 mm or less, and a notch for stress loading has a length of 10 m from an end of the test piece.
4. The test piece for a tubular metal material fracture toughness test according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the hole diameter is 3 mm or less within a range of 10 mm or less from the end of the test piece.
を負荷し、割れを発生させる側と反対側において、試験
片内部に発生する圧縮応力の緩和と、試験片に対する片
側からのクラック進展を補助する先端半径０．２〜２．
０ｍｍの切り欠きを導入する請求項１〜４のいずれかの
項に記載の管状金属材料の破壊靱性試験用試験片。5. A method of applying a stress by a notch or a pin to a test piece to relax a compressive stress generated inside the test piece on a side opposite to a side on which a crack is generated and to develop a crack from the one side with respect to the test piece. Tip radius 0.2 to 2.
The test piece for a fracture toughness test of a tubular metal material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a notch of 0 mm is introduced.
うにノッチ先端に５ｍｍ以下のクラックを導入する請求
項１〜５記載の管状金属材料の破壊靱性試験用試験片。6. The test piece for a fracture toughness test of a tubular metal material according to claim 1, wherein a crack of 5 mm or less is introduced at a tip of the notch so that a stable crack can be propagated at a predetermined location.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001071536A JP3668146B2 (en) | 2001-03-14 | 2001-03-14 | Test piece for fracture toughness test of tubular metal materials |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001071536A JP3668146B2 (en) | 2001-03-14 | 2001-03-14 | Test piece for fracture toughness test of tubular metal materials |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2002267581A true JP2002267581A (en) | 2002-09-18 |
| JP3668146B2 JP3668146B2 (en) | 2005-07-06 |
Family
ID=18929246
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001071536A Expired - Fee Related JP3668146B2 (en) | 2001-03-14 | 2001-03-14 | Test piece for fracture toughness test of tubular metal materials |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3668146B2 (en) |
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