JP2002239674A - Forging device and forging method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To perform excellent lubrication of a stock during the forging opera tion, and to uniformly heat a forging die, the stock, and a punch during the forging operation. SOLUTION: In a forging device for performing the forging with a part or the whole of a forging die being immersed in the liquid heated at the forging temperature zone, the forging die can be split, and at least one longitudinally movable punch is provided toward a cavity of the forging die.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a forging apparatus and a forging method using a forging die immersed in a liquid.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art The surface of a material is lubricated for the purpose of reducing the frictional force between the die and the material during forging and improving the forgeability. Is sprayed. However, when the degree of deformation of the material is large, it is difficult to obtain a forged product having a complicated shape due to lack of lubrication. In addition, special equipment is required for lubrication of the material,
In addition, there is a problem that the production lead time is long since the forging is performed in a process different from the forging.

In a mold for forging by heating a mold and a material to a predetermined temperature, an electric heater is buried in the mold and the surface of the mold is heated to a predetermined temperature by heat conduction. However, there is a problem that heat is not easily transmitted to the complicated details of the mold surface, and the strength of the mold is reduced because the heater is embedded.

[Means for solving the problem]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and a forging apparatus for burying a part or the whole of a forging die in a liquid heated to a forging temperature range, wherein the forging die is divided A forging device is provided, which is provided with at least one punch that is capable of moving back and forth toward the cavity of the forging die.

According to the present invention, a mold is formed by heat conduction of a liquid.
Since the material and the punch are uniformly heated to a desired temperature, forgeability is improved, and even a mold having a complicated shape can be efficiently heated.

Further, in a forging apparatus for burying a part or the whole of a forging die in a liquid heated to a forging temperature range and forging, the forging die is dividable, and a part of the forging die stands by outside the liquid. In this case, the forging device is provided with means for spraying the heated liquid.

After the forging, the forging die is divided and the molded product is released from the liquid which has been temporarily heated when it is released from the mold. At this time, the mold is easily cooled by heat radiation. By spraying the heated liquid during standby, cooling of the mold is prevented, and molding efficiency is improved.

In addition, a means for preventing liquid leakage is provided between the punch and the forging die to prevent liquid leakage.

Further, by using the liquid as a liquid lubricant, the material at the time of forging is filled over the whole area in the cavity.

[0010] A forging apparatus is characterized in that the forging device has means for discharging at least the liquid present in the cavity during the forging.

At the time of forging, the liquid in the cavity is discharged from between the mating dies by stretching the material,
When the molding speed is high or a liquid having a relatively viscous liquid is used, the liquid in the cavity is sucked and discharged immediately before forging, whereby molding without underfill can be performed.

Further, by providing means for heating or cooling the liquid to a desired temperature and means for circulating and stirring the liquid, the liquid is controlled to a desired temperature, and the liquid is circulated and stirred, It is possible to uniformly control the temperature of the entire mold.

A preparation step of placing the material in a cavity of a forging die at least partially embedded in the liquid heated in the forging area, pressing a punch into the cavity to discharge the material while discharging the liquid in the cavity. A forging method comprising a molding step of filling the cavity.

Further, the working temperature is 300 to 550 ° C.
This minimizes damage to the mold and allows the use of relatively inexpensive liquids.

Further, when the apparent Zn content is used in the following sense, the material contains an apparent Zn content of 37 to 50 wt% and an Sn of 0.5 to 7 wt%. Forging method. {(B + tQ) / (A + B + tQ)} × 100 A: Cu content (wt%), B: Zn content (wt
%), T: Zn equivalent of Sn, Q: Sn content (wt%)

Further, the forging method is characterized in that the material satisfies at least one of the following crystal structures. The crystal structure includes at least a γ phase and the area ratio is 1 to 50%. The crystal structure includes at least the β phase and the γ phase, the area ratio of the β phase is 25 to 45%, and the area ratio of the γ phase is 25. The crystal structure has an area ratio of the α phase of 30 to 75%, the area ratio of the β phase is 0 to 55%, and the area ratio of the γ phase is 1 to 50%. Crystal grain size of 5μm or less

When the apparent Zn content is used in the following sense, the material contains an apparent Zn content of 37 to 50 wt%, Sn of 0.5 to 7 wt%, and {(B + t Q) / (A + B + tQ)} × 100 A: Cu content (wt%), B: Zn content (wt
%), T: Zn equivalent of Sn, Q: Sn content (wt%) A forging method characterized by satisfying at least one of the following crystal structures. The crystal structure includes at least a γ phase and the area ratio is 1 to 50%. The crystal structure includes at least the β phase and the γ phase, the area ratio of the β phase is 25 to 45%, and the area ratio of the γ phase is 25. The crystal structure has an area ratio of the α phase of 30 to 75%, the area ratio of the β phase is 0 to 55%, and the area ratio of the γ phase is 1 to 50%. Crystal grain size of 5μm or less

The above-mentioned material is a material excellent in ductility in a low temperature range, and can set the heating temperature of the liquid, that is, the forging temperature low.

[0019]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 is a view showing an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes an upper die, 2 denotes a lower die.
And is backed up by an underlay 6 and held by an upper plate 7 and a lower plate 8. Upper plate 7
And an upper die 5 and an upper die 1 are provided with a punch 3 which can move backward. Eject pins 4 are provided so as to penetrate the lower plate 8, the underlay 6, and the lower die 2. A liquid lubricant 11 is stored on the underlay 6 by a partition 10,
The liquid lubricant 11 is sucked by a pump 12 from a suction port 14, passes through a heating / cooling device 13, and partially returns to a return port 15.
And a part is injected into the die 1 above the nozzle 16. By circulating and stirring the liquid lubricant 11, it is possible to uniformly control the temperature of the entire mold.
A seal member 20 is provided between the eject pin 4 and the underlay 6.
Are provided to prevent leakage of the liquid lubricant 11. FIG. 3 is a view showing an embodiment of the seal portion, in which the bellows 21 is interposed between the piston rod 22 and the eject pin 4 to prevent the leakage of the liquid lubricant 11 and secure the stroke of the eject pin 4.

The heating and cooling of the mold is performed by heat conduction with the liquid lubricant 11, and the temperature of the liquid lubricant 11 is controlled by the heater / cooler 13 so that the mold has a desired temperature.
Although not shown, the temperature of the mold and the temperature of the liquid lubricant are controlled by appropriately provided temperature sensors, so that the mold, the punch, and the material are set uniformly. Since there is almost no temperature difference, the ductility of the material at the initial stage of processing and the stage of the post-process can be formed without lowering. Although not shown, the material can also be heated by the liquid lubricant 11. In this case, a material heating device is not required, and the temperatures of the mold, the punch, and the material can be made substantially equal.

Next, the forging method will be described. With the forging die of FIG. 1 open, the material M is placed in the recess of the lower die 2. Thereafter, the upper die 1 is brought into contact with the lower die by a hydraulic cylinder (not shown) connected to the upper plate to perform mold clamping. At this time, a cavity similar to the appearance of the molded body surrounded by the upper die 1 and the lower die 2 is formed. Next, the punch 3 is pressed and advanced toward the material M,
Fill the cavity with material. When the material M is stretched, the liquid existing in the cavity is discharged out of the cavity from the mating surface of the upper die 1 and the lower die 2 or the minute gap between the punch 3 and the upper die 1 so as to be replaced with the material M. Is done. The liquid in the cavity can be discharged to the outside of the cavity by forming a part or the whole of the cavity by a porous body having fine holes communicating the inside and the outside of the cavity. Further, at least the liquid in the cavity is
For example, the tip of the punch 3 is closed at the time of forging, and at the time of suction,
It is also possible to provide a suction unit that is linked to the pump 12 that opens, and suction and discharge the liquid in the cavity immediately before forging. Alternatively, the liquid in the cavity may be discharged by temporarily discharging the liquid in the partition.
At this time, the liquid is returned to the inside of the partition wall again so as not to lower the temperature of the mold during forging.

Next, after the molding is completed, the punch 3 is returned to the initial position, and then the upper die 1 is separated from the lower die 2 to open the mold. The opened upper die 1 cools the die heated at the time of molding, and sprays the heated lubricating liquid to a temperature range at the time of forging so as not to cool too much. For the molded product, the eject pin 4 is moved in the direction of the molded product, the molded product is released, and the molding process is completed.

FIG. 2 shows another embodiment, which is a mold structure for forming a complicated shape by a punch 30 from the lateral direction in addition to the above-described mold structure. The sealing member 31 provided between the punch 30 and the partition wall 10 can prevent the liquid lubricant 11 from leaking, and the punch 30 can be driven freely. The difference from the above embodiment is that the forging method is operated in the same manner except that a plurality of punches are arranged so that a more complicated shape can be formed.

The material can be appropriately selected and used as long as it is excellent in stretchability, but the following materials proposed by the applicant of the present invention can be suitably used.

That is, the apparent Zn content is 37 to
A composition having 50 wt% and a Sn content of 0.5 to 7 wt% can be used.

Here, the term "apparent Zn content" means that A is Cu content [wt%], B is Zn content [wt%], and t is a third element (for example, Sn). Z
When n equivalents and Q are the content of the third element [wt%], “{(B + t · Q) / (A + B + t · Q)} × 10
0 ”is used.

Further, the material has at least one of the following crystal structures. The crystal structure includes at least a γ phase and the area ratio is 1 to 50%. The crystal structure includes at least the β phase and the γ phase, the area ratio of the β phase is 25 to 45%, and the area ratio of the γ phase is 25. The crystal structure has an area ratio of the α phase of 30 to 75%, the area ratio of the β phase is 0 to 55%, and the area ratio of the γ phase is 1 to 50%. Crystal grain size of 5μm or less

With such a crystal structure, sufficient ductility can be ensured even at a low forging temperature of 300 to 550 ° C., even when plastic deformation occurs while recrystallization occurs in a low temperature range. Complex shapes such as stoppers can also be molded. In other words, since a molding close to the final shape can be performed, a molded body with less processing can be provided. This means that Pb, which is generally added for improving the machinability, can be eliminated, and an eco-friendly part can be provided.

The forging temperature of 300 to 550 ° C. is very economical because the above-described deterioration of the mold can be prevented and the energy required for heating can be small.

The liquid may be appropriately used as long as it is liquid in the forging temperature range, and may be selected in consideration of the material processing temperature, reactivity, and the like. For example, at room temperature, a solid that is liquid in the above temperature range can be used.
In this case, when the liquid is sprayed in the above-described embodiment, the temperature is set to be higher than the liquefaction temperature and the liquid is sprayed so that the solidification can be prevented.

[0031]

According to the present invention, since the forging die is heated and kept warm by embedding the forging die in a temperature-controlled liquid,
Since the temperature of the forging die and the material can be constantly maintained at a uniform temperature, it is possible to continuously form a complicated shape, and the strength of the forging die is not reduced.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 shows a typical embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing another embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of the structure of a seal portion;

FIG. 4 shows a conventional example.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Upper Die 2 Lower Die 3, 30 Punch 4 Eject Pin 5 Overlay 6 Underlay 7 Upper Plate 8 Lower Plate 9 Heater 10 Partition 11 Liquid Lubricant 12 Pump 13 Heater / Cooler 14 Inlet 15 Return Port 16 Nozzle 20, 31 Seal Member 21 Bellows 22 Piston rod M Material

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Claims (11)

[Claims] 1. A forging apparatus for forging a part or the whole of a forging die by immersing it in a liquid heated to a forging temperature range, wherein the forging die is dividable, and is fore-and-aft toward a cavity of the forging die. A forging device comprising at least one movable punch. 2. A forging apparatus for forging a part or the whole of a forging die by immersing it in a liquid heated to a forging temperature range, wherein the forging die is dividable, and a part of the forging die waits outside the liquid. A forging device for spraying the heated liquid. 3. The forging apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising means for preventing liquid leakage between the punch and the forging die. 4. The forging device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid is a liquid lubricant. 5. The forging apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising means for discharging at least the liquid present in the cavity during the forging. 6. The forging apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising means for heating or cooling the liquid to a desired temperature, and means for circulating and stirring the liquid. 7. A preparation step of placing a material in a cavity of a forging die at least partially embedded in a liquid heated in a forging area, pressing a punch into the cavity and discharging the material while discharging the liquid in the cavity. A forging method comprising a molding step of filling a cavity. 8. The processing temperature at the time of molding is 300 to 550.
A forging method characterized by a temperature of ° C. 9. The material has an apparent Zn content of 3 when used in the following sense.
8. The forging method according to claim 6, wherein the forging method contains 7 to 50 wt% and 0.5 to 7 wt% of Sn. {(B + tQ) / (A + B + tQ)} × 100 A: Cu content (wt%), B: Zn content (wt
%), T: Zn equivalent of Sn, Q: Sn content (wt%) 10. The forging method according to claim 6, wherein the material satisfies at least one of the following crystal structures. The crystal structure includes at least a γ phase and the area ratio is 1 to 50%. The crystal structure includes at least the β phase and the γ phase, the area ratio of the β phase is 25 to 45%, and the area ratio of the γ phase is 25. The crystal structure has an area ratio of the α phase of 30 to 75%, the area ratio of the β phase is 0 to 55%, and the area ratio of the γ phase is 1 to 50%. Crystal grain size of 5μm or less 11. The material contains an apparent Zn content of 37 to 50 wt% and an Sn of 0.5 to 7 wt% when the apparent Zn content is used in the following sense, and {(B + t Q) / (A + B + tQ)} × 100 A: Cu content (wt%), B: Zn content (wt
%), T: Zn equivalent of Sn, Q: Sn content (wt%) At least one of the following crystal structures is satisfied: The forging method according to claim 6, wherein: The crystal structure includes at least a γ phase and the area ratio is 1 to 50%. The crystal structure includes at least the β phase and the γ phase, the area ratio of the β phase is 25 to 45%, and the area ratio of the γ phase is 25. The crystal structure has an area ratio of the α phase of 30 to 75%, the area ratio of the β phase is 0 to 55%, and the area ratio of the γ phase is 1 to 50%. Crystal grain size of 5μm or less