JP2002231274A - Solid high polymer fuel cell - Google Patents
Solid high polymer fuel cellInfo
- Publication number
- JP2002231274A JP2002231274A JP2001025286A JP2001025286A JP2002231274A JP 2002231274 A JP2002231274 A JP 2002231274A JP 2001025286 A JP2001025286 A JP 2001025286A JP 2001025286 A JP2001025286 A JP 2001025286A JP 2002231274 A JP2002231274 A JP 2002231274A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- frame sheet
- polymer electrolyte
- electrolyte fuel
- electrolyte membrane
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【0001】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、電解質に高分子膜
を用いる固体高分子型燃料電池に関する。The present invention relates to a polymer electrolyte fuel cell using a polymer membrane as an electrolyte.
【0002】[0002]
【従来の技術】固体高分子型燃料電池(PEFC:Poly
mer Electrolyte Fuel Cell )は、電解質に高分子膜を
用いる燃料電池で、出力密度が高い、電池寿命が長い等
の優れた特徴を有している。図4は、固体高分子型燃料
電池の従来の基本構成例を模式的に示す分解断面図であ
る。図に見られるように、固体高分子電解質膜1の両主
面に電極2を熱圧着して形成した電解質膜・電極接合体
と、一対の集電体3を一組のセパレーター4で挟持して
単セルが構成されている。また、セパレーター4の内面
には反応ガスを流すためのガス流通溝7が形成されてお
り、アノード側のセパレーター4のガス流通溝7には水
素を含む燃料ガスが、もう一方のカソード側のセパレー
ター4のガス流通溝7には酸素を含む酸化剤ガスが供給
される。また、いずれのセパレーター4にも外面に冷却
水流通溝8が備えられており、この冷却水流通溝8に冷
却水を流すことによって、発電に伴って生じる発熱が除
去され、単セルは所定の運転温度に維持される。また、
セパレーター4および固体高分子電解質膜1の上部およ
び下部には、二つの反応ガスと冷却水にそれぞれ専用の
マニホールド6が備えられている。このマニホールド6
は、燃料電池積層体を構成する複数の単セルに連通して
おり、反応ガスと冷却水はそれぞれ専用の入口側マニホ
ールドから出口側マニホールドへとセパレーター4のガ
ス流通溝7、あるいは冷却水流通溝8を流れる。2. Description of the Related Art Polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFC: Poly
A mer Electrolyte Fuel Cell is a fuel cell using a polymer membrane as an electrolyte and has excellent features such as high output density and long battery life. FIG. 4 is an exploded sectional view schematically showing a conventional basic configuration example of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell. As shown in the figure, an electrolyte membrane / electrode assembly formed by thermocompression bonding of electrodes 2 to both main surfaces of a solid polymer electrolyte membrane 1 and a pair of current collectors 3 are sandwiched between a pair of separators 4. Thus, a single cell is formed. A gas flow groove 7 for flowing a reaction gas is formed on the inner surface of the separator 4. A fuel gas containing hydrogen is supplied to the gas flow groove 7 of the separator 4 on the anode side, and a separator gas on the other cathode side. An oxidizing gas containing oxygen is supplied to the gas flow grooves 7 of 4. Further, each separator 4 is provided with a cooling water circulation groove 8 on the outer surface, and by flowing cooling water through the cooling water circulation groove 8, heat generated due to power generation is removed, and the single cell has a predetermined shape. Maintained at operating temperature. Also,
Above and below the separator 4 and the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 1 are provided two manifolds 6 dedicated to two reaction gases and cooling water, respectively. This manifold 6
Is connected to a plurality of single cells constituting the fuel cell stack, and the reaction gas and the cooling water flow from the dedicated inlet side manifold to the outlet side manifold, respectively, in the gas flow groove 7 of the separator 4 or the cooling water flow groove. Flow through 8.
【0003】なお、図において、黒丸で示した5はOリ
ング状のフッ素ゴムからなるシール部材であり、セパレ
ーター4で挟持された単セルにおいて、電極2に達した
反応ガスの外部への漏洩、およびマニホールド6を流れ
る反応ガス、あるいは冷却水の外部への漏洩を防止する
役割を果たしている。[0005] In the figure, a black circle 5 is a seal member made of an O-ring-shaped fluororubber. In a single cell sandwiched by the separator 4, the leakage of the reaction gas reaching the electrode 2 to the outside is prevented. And plays a role in preventing leakage of the reaction gas flowing through the manifold 6 or the cooling water to the outside.
【0004】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】上記のごとく単セルを
構成し、冷却水流通溝8に冷却水を流して所定の運転温
度に保持し、アノード側のセパレーター4のガス流通溝
7に水素を含む燃料ガスを、また、カソード側のセパレ
ーター4のガス流通溝7に酸素を含む酸化剤ガスを流せ
ば、電気化学反応が生じて電気エネルギーが得られるこ
ととなる。しかしながら、本構成の固体高分子型燃料電
池においても、なお、以下のごとき問題点がある。As described above, a single cell is constructed, cooling water is supplied to the cooling water flow groove 8 to maintain a predetermined operating temperature, and hydrogen is supplied to the gas flow groove 7 of the separator 4 on the anode side. If an oxidizing gas containing oxygen is caused to flow into the gas flow groove 7 of the separator 4 on the cathode side, an electrochemical reaction occurs and electric energy is obtained. However, the polymer electrolyte fuel cell of this configuration still has the following problems.
【0005】すなわち、図4に示した構成では、電極2
に達した反応ガスの外部への漏洩、およびマニホールド
6を流れる反応ガス、あるいは冷却水の外部への漏洩を
防止するために、既に述べたごとく、固体高分子電解質
膜1とセパレーター4との間にOリング状のシール部材
5を配して、加圧して挟持することとしているが、この
シール部材5はセパレーター4にも、また固体高分子電
解質膜1にも固定されていないので、セルの組立ての際
に位置ずれする可能性がある。特に、固体高分子電解質
膜1は厚さが 30 〜 50 μmと極めて薄く、剛性も小さ
いので、シール部材5が及ぼす応力によって変形を生じ
やすく、両面のシール部材5の位置にずれがあると加圧
挟持する際にその位置ずれが拡大する可能性が強い。こ
のようにシール部材5の組み込み位置にずれが生じると
シール機能が不完全となり、反応ガスや冷却水の漏洩を
引き起こす危険性がある。That is, in the configuration shown in FIG.
As described above, between the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 1 and the separator 4, in order to prevent the leakage of the reaction gas that has reached the temperature and the leakage of the reaction gas flowing through the manifold 6 or the cooling water to the outside. An O-ring-shaped sealing member 5 is arranged and pressed and sandwiched. However, since this sealing member 5 is not fixed to the separator 4 or the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 1, There is a possibility of misalignment during assembly. In particular, the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 1 is extremely thin, having a thickness of 30 to 50 μm, and has a low rigidity. There is a strong possibility that the misalignment will increase when pressing and holding. If the mounting position of the seal member 5 shifts as described above, the sealing function becomes incomplete, and there is a risk that the reaction gas or the cooling water leaks.
【0006】この位置ずれの発生を防止するために、シ
ール部材5をセパレーター4か固体高分子電解質膜1の
所定の位置に予め接着したのち、加圧挟持する方法が考
えられるが、この方法を採ると組立て工数が増加し、製
作コストが高くなるという難点がある。本発明は、上記
のごとき従来技術の難点を考慮してなされたもので、本
発明の目的は、反応ガスや冷却水の漏洩を生じる恐れが
なく、かつ組立て作業の容易な固体高分子型燃料電池を
提供することにある。In order to prevent this displacement, a method is considered in which the sealing member 5 is previously adhered to a predetermined position of the separator 4 or the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 1 and then pressed and sandwiched. If it is adopted, there is a disadvantage that the number of assembling steps increases and the manufacturing cost increases. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a solid polymer fuel which has no risk of leakage of reaction gas or cooling water and which is easy to assemble. It is to provide a battery.
【0007】[0007]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記の目的を達成するた
めに、本発明においては、フレームシートを周囲に備え
た電解質膜の両面に電極を熱圧着して形成した電解質膜
・電極接合体と、この電解質膜・電極接合体の両面に配
される集電体と、これらを挟持するセパレータと、上記
のフレームシートと上記のセパレータとの間に介装され
る反応ガスあるいは冷却水の漏洩防止用のシール部材を
備える固体高分子型燃料電池において、上記のシール部
材を、例えば熱硬化型シリコーンにより形成して、例え
ば液状射出成型法によって上記のフレームシートと一体
に成型することとし、例えば、フレームシートの両面に
配されるシール部材を、フレームシートに設けられた複
数の小孔を介して連結してフレームシートに一体に成型
することとする。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention relates to an electrolyte membrane / electrode assembly formed by thermocompression-bonding electrodes on both sides of an electrolyte membrane having a frame sheet around it. Current collectors disposed on both sides of the electrolyte membrane / electrode assembly, separators sandwiching them, and prevention of leakage of reaction gas or cooling water interposed between the frame sheet and the separator. In a polymer electrolyte fuel cell including a seal member for, the seal member, for example, formed of thermosetting silicone, and molded integrally with the frame sheet by, for example, a liquid injection molding method, for example, The seal members provided on both sides of the frame sheet are connected via a plurality of small holes provided in the frame sheet to be integrally formed with the frame sheet.
【0008】上記のごとく、シール部材をフレームシー
トに一体に成型すれば、シール部材はフレームシートの
所定の位置に固定されるため、セル組立ての際に位置ず
れを生じることはない。また、厚さの極めて薄い固体高
分子電解質膜と異なり、フレームシートはより厚さが厚
く、剛性の大きなものとして形成できるので、加圧挟持
する際にシール部材の応力を受けてもたわみや変形は微
小に抑えられ、シール部材の位置ずれを引き起こす恐れ
はない。したがって、本発明のごとくとすれば、従来見
られたごときシール部材の位置ずれに起因する反応ガス
や冷却水の漏洩の危険性は回避される。As described above, if the seal member is formed integrally with the frame sheet, the seal member is fixed at a predetermined position on the frame sheet, so that there is no displacement during cell assembly. Also, unlike solid polymer electrolyte membranes, which are extremely thin, the frame sheet can be formed to be thicker and more rigid, so that it can bend or deform even when subjected to the stress of the sealing member when it is pressed and clamped. Is suppressed very small, and there is no possibility of causing the displacement of the seal member. Therefore, according to the present invention, the risk of leakage of the reaction gas or the cooling water due to the displacement of the seal member as conventionally seen is avoided.
【0009】また、本構成では、シール部材が電解質膜
・電極接合体を構成するフレームシートに固定されてい
るため、セル組立て時の位置合わせが極めて容易であ
り、作業工程の簡略化、短縮化が可能となる。Further, in this configuration, since the sealing member is fixed to the frame sheet constituting the electrolyte membrane / electrode assembly, the alignment at the time of assembling the cell is extremely easy, and the working process is simplified and shortened. Becomes possible.
【0010】[0010]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、本発明の実施例を図面を用
いて説明する。図1は、本発明の固体高分子型燃料電池
の一実施例における電解質膜・電極接合体の構成を模式
的に示す正面図である。また、図2は、この電解質膜・
電極接合体に用いられているフレームシートを模式的に
示す正面図である。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a front view schematically showing a configuration of an electrolyte membrane / electrode assembly in one embodiment of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell of the present invention. FIG. 2 shows this electrolyte membrane.
It is a front view which shows typically the frame sheet used for an electrode assembly.
【0011】図1に見られるように、本実施例の電解質
膜・電極接合体は、周囲にフレームシート10を備えた
電解質膜1Aの両面に電極2を接合して構成されてい
る。フレームシート10は厚さが 1 mm のテトラフルオ
ロエチレン/パーフルオロアルキルビニルエーテル共重
合体樹脂からなり、フレームシート10と電解質膜1A
は、特開平 11 − 045729 号に示されているカバーシー
トフィルムの接着と同様に、変性オレフィン系接着剤に
より接着されている。このフレームシート10の上部お
よび下部には、図1に見られるように、それぞれ2個の
反応ガスマニホールド用貫通孔12と1個の冷却水マニ
ホールド用貫通孔13が備えられている。また、フレー
ムシート10には、熱硬化型シリコーンよりなるシール
部材11が液状射出成形法により一体に成形されてお
り、このシール部材11によって電極2に達した反応ガ
スの外部への漏洩、およびマニホールド用貫通孔を流れ
る反応ガス、あるいは冷却水の外部への漏洩が防止され
る。As shown in FIG. 1, the electrolyte membrane / electrode assembly according to the present embodiment is configured by bonding electrodes 2 to both surfaces of an electrolyte membrane 1A having a frame sheet 10 around the electrolyte membrane. The frame sheet 10 is made of a tetrafluoroethylene / perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer resin having a thickness of 1 mm.
Is bonded with a modified olefin-based adhesive in the same manner as the bonding of the cover sheet film disclosed in JP-A-11-045729. As shown in FIG. 1, the upper and lower portions of the frame sheet 10 are respectively provided with two through holes 12 for a reaction gas manifold and one through hole 13 for a cooling water manifold. In addition, a sealing member 11 made of thermosetting silicone is integrally formed on the frame sheet 10 by a liquid injection molding method. Leakage of the reaction gas reaching the electrode 2 by the sealing member 11 to the outside, and a manifold Leakage of the reaction gas or cooling water flowing through the through hole for cooling water to the outside is prevented.
【0012】なお、本実施例のフレームシート10に
は、図2に見られるごとく、シール部材11の成形部に
沿って複数の小孔15が備えられており、フレームシー
ト10の両面に配されるシール部材11をこの小孔15
を介して連結することによって、シール部材11をより
強固にフレームシート10に一体成形している。図3
は、本実施例の電解質膜・電極接合体を用いた固体高分
子型燃料電池の分解断面図である。本図において図4に
示した従来の構成と同一機能を有する構成要素には同一
符号が付されている。本図に見られるごとく、本実施例
の構成では、シール部材11が電解質膜・電極接合体に
一体に組み込まれるので、セル組立ての位置合わせが極
めて容易であり、作業工程が従来に比べて短縮される。As shown in FIG. 2, the frame sheet 10 of the present embodiment has a plurality of small holes 15 along the molded portion of the seal member 11, and is provided on both sides of the frame sheet 10. The sealing member 11 is
, The sealing member 11 is more integrally formed with the frame sheet 10 more firmly. FIG.
1 is an exploded cross-sectional view of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell using the electrolyte membrane / electrode assembly of the present embodiment. In this figure, components having the same functions as those of the conventional configuration shown in FIG. 4 are denoted by the same reference numerals. As can be seen from the figure, in the configuration of the present embodiment, the sealing member 11 is integrated into the electrolyte membrane / electrode assembly, so that the alignment of the cell assembly is extremely easy and the work process is shortened compared to the conventional case. Is done.
【0013】なお、本実施例では、フレームシート10
をテトラフルオロエチレン/パーフルオロアルキルビニ
ルエーテル共重合体樹脂を用いて形成しているが、この
樹脂に代わって、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリフ
ェニレンサルファイド、あるいはポリエチレンナフタレ
ート等の樹脂を用いてもよい。また、本実施例では、フ
レームシート10の厚さを 1 mm としているが、これに
限定されるものではなく、 0.05 〜 2 mm の範囲の厚さ
に形成しても同様の効果が得られる。In this embodiment, the frame sheet 10
Is formed using a tetrafluoroethylene / perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer resin, but a resin such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyphenylene sulfide, or polyethylene naphthalate may be used instead of this resin. Further, in the present embodiment, the thickness of the frame sheet 10 is set to 1 mm. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the same effect can be obtained by forming the frame sheet 10 to a thickness in the range of 0.05 to 2 mm.
【0014】[0014]
【発明の効果】上述のごとく、本発明によれば、固体高
分子型燃料電池を請求項1、さらには請求項2〜5のご
とく構成することとしたので、電解質膜・電極接合体と
セパレーターとの間に配されるシール部材が所定の位置
に固定され、セル組立ての際の位置ずれが抑制されるこ
ととなった。これによって、反応ガスや冷却水の漏洩を
生じる恐れがなく、かつ組立て作業の容易な固体高分子
型燃料電池が得られることとなった。As described above, according to the present invention, the polymer electrolyte fuel cell is constructed as described in claim 1 and further according to claims 2 to 5, so that the electrolyte membrane / electrode assembly and the separator Is fixed at a predetermined position, and the displacement during cell assembly is suppressed. As a result, a polymer electrolyte fuel cell having no risk of leakage of reaction gas or cooling water and being easy to assemble can be obtained.
【図1】本発明の固体高分子型燃料電池の一実施例にお
ける電解質膜・電極接合体の構成を模式的に示す正面図FIG. 1 is a front view schematically showing a configuration of an electrolyte membrane / electrode assembly in one embodiment of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell of the present invention.
【図2】図1に示した実施例の電解質膜・電極接合体に
用いられているフレームシートを模式的に示す正面図FIG. 2 is a front view schematically showing a frame sheet used for the electrolyte membrane / electrode assembly of the embodiment shown in FIG.
【図3】図1に示した実施例の電解質膜・電極接合体を
用いた固体高分子型燃料電池の構成を模式的に示す分解
断面図FIG. 3 is an exploded cross-sectional view schematically showing a configuration of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell using the electrolyte membrane / electrode assembly of the embodiment shown in FIG.
【図4】固体高分子型燃料電池の従来の基本構成例を模
式的に示す分解断面図FIG. 4 is an exploded cross-sectional view schematically showing a conventional basic configuration example of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell.
1A 電解質膜 2 電極 3 集電体 4 セパレーター 6 マニホールド 7 ガス流通溝 8 冷却水流通溝 10 フレームシート 11 シール部材11 12 反応ガスマニホールド用貫通孔 13 冷却水マニホールド用貫通孔 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1A Electrolyte membrane 2 Electrode 3 Current collector 4 Separator 6 Manifold 7 Gas circulation groove 8 Cooling water circulation groove 10 Frame sheet 11 Seal member 11 12 Through hole for reaction gas manifold 13 Through hole for cooling water manifold
Claims (5)
両面に電極を熱圧着して形成した電解質膜・電極接合体
と、該電解質膜・電極接合体の両面に配される集電体
と、これらを挟持するセパレータと、前記フレームシー
トと前記セパレータとの間に介装される、反応ガスある
いは冷却水の漏洩防止用のシール部材とを備える固体高
分子型燃料電池において、 前記シール部材が、前記フレームシートに一体に成型さ
れていることを特徴とする固体高分子型燃料電池。1. An electrolyte membrane / electrode assembly formed by thermocompression bonding electrodes on both sides of an electrolyte membrane having a frame sheet around it, and current collectors arranged on both sides of the electrolyte membrane / electrode assembly. A polymer electrolyte fuel cell comprising: a separator for sandwiching these components; and a seal member interposed between the frame sheet and the separator for preventing leakage of a reaction gas or cooling water. And a solid polymer fuel cell formed integrally with the frame sheet.
おいて、フレームシートの両面に配されたシール部材
が、フレームシートに設けられた複数の小孔を介して連
結されてフレームシートに一体に成型されていることを
特徴とする固体高分子型燃料電池。2. The polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the seal members disposed on both sides of the frame sheet are connected to the frame sheet through a plurality of small holes provided in the frame sheet. A polymer electrolyte fuel cell, which is integrally molded.
料電池において、前記シール部材が、液状射出成型法に
よってフレームシートに一体に成型されたシール部材で
あることを特徴とする固体高分子型燃料電池。3. The solid polymer fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the sealing member is a sealing member integrally formed on a frame sheet by a liquid injection molding method. Molecular fuel cell.
分子型燃料電池において、前記フレームシートが、テト
ラフルオロエチレン/パーフルオロアルキルビニルエー
テル共重合体、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリフェ
ニレンサルファイド、およびポリエチレンナフタレート
のうちのいずれか一つよりなることを特徴とする固体高
分子型燃料電池。4. The polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein said frame sheet is made of a tetrafluoroethylene / perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer, polyethylene terephthalate, polyphenylene sulfide, or polyethylene naphthalene. A polymer electrolyte fuel cell comprising any one of phthalates.
分子型燃料電池において、前記シール部材が熱硬化型シ
リコーンよりなることを特徴とする固体高分子型燃料電
池。5. The polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein said sealing member is made of thermosetting silicone.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2001025286A JP2002231274A (en) | 2001-02-01 | 2001-02-01 | Solid high polymer fuel cell |
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KR100494402B1 (en) * | 2001-10-16 | 2005-06-13 | 마쯔시다덴기산교 가부시키가이샤 | Polymer electrolyte fuel cell |
JP2006506795A (en) * | 2002-11-18 | 2006-02-23 | プロトネクス テクノロジー コーポレーション | Membrane-based electrochemical cell stack |
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