JP2002202477A - Method for displaying three-dimensional image, and printed matter of three-dimensional image - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a depth perception equal to that obtained by a lenticular method by using a parallax barrier method in a method for displaying a three-dimensional image. SOLUTION: The method for displaying a three-dimensional image obtains one composite image 2 by dividing at least two two-dimensional images obtained by viewing the same object from different viewpoints and arranging them alternately, then makes a viewer perceive depth by showing the composite image 2 through a parallax barrier 3 equipped with a mask part 30. The above two two-dimensional images are obtained by viewing the object from different viewpoints about an upper and a lower sides with both sides. Each of two-dimensional images is divided longitudinally and arranged alternately to obtain one composite image 2. Then, the upper and the lower differences of the viewpoints are eliminated by correcting the two-dimensional image in a state of being inclined. When the composite image 2 is formed, the parting line of the composite image 2 is inclined by returning the above inclination, and then the composite image 2 is shown through the parallax barrier 3 inclined in accordance with the inclination of the parting line. Accordingly, parallaxes can be enlarged to obtain a larger depth perception.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a method for displaying a three-dimensional image and a printed matter of the three-dimensional image.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Research has been conducted to obtain a sense of depth that is obtained when an actual subject is actually visually recognized even when observing an image of the subject fixed on a plane as a two-dimensional image. It has been done by more people. The sense of depth here refers not to the expression technique obtained by simply devising the angle of painting and drawing in painting, and to the angle of painting and photography, but to the sense of stereo from the visual sense obtained from different viewpoints. The stereoscopic effect when the subject is three-dimensional and the perspective when there are a plurality of subjects before and after are reproduced by enabling a two-dimensional image of the subject to be stereoscopically viewed.

[0003] As the above-mentioned methods, the parallax barrier method and the lenticular method are well-known, if they do not require any trouble such as wearing special glasses. In particular, the lenticular system using a lens plate called a lenticular screen can provide a greater sense of depth than the parallax barrier system due to the effect of the lens. However, the creation of a stereoscopic image by such a lenticular method requires extremely high accuracy in the creation of a lenticular screen and the alignment between the lenticular screen and the image, and the production cost is also high.
It was extremely large.

On the other hand, in the above-described parallax barrier system using a transparent sheet provided with a stripe-shaped mask portion (blindfold) called a parallax barrier, a stereoscopic image can be formed relatively inexpensively. The feeling was inferior to lenticular prints.

The parallax barrier system will be described in more detail. A wide variety of products using barriers for stereoscopic viewing of images with different structures such as printing and liquid crystal have been announced. These are all applications of a stereoscopic method called a parallax stereogram proposed in the United States in 1903.

[0006] In this method, a parallax barrier is provided behind a narrow slit-shaped opening (in other words, a gap between vertical stripe-shaped mask portions provided in the parallax barrier) at an appropriate distance from the left and right eyes. Each of the images (parallax images, that is, images having different viewpoints on the left and right) is vertically divided and arranged alternately, so that when viewed from a specific viewpoint through the opening, the left and right images can be correctly separated and viewed. It is possible (what can be seen by the right eye is not seen by the left eye, and what is seen by the left eye is separated correctly so that it cannot be seen by the right eye, so that a sense of depth can be obtained).

A conventional case where a parallax barrier system is used for stereoscopic viewing of a printed matter will be specifically described with reference to the drawings. 9A is a perspective view showing a state in which a viewer k is observing a real subject h, FIG. 9B is a plan view thereof, and FIG. 9C is a view showing a viewpoint and a subject h. FIG. 3 is a schematic front view of a subject h showing the positional relationship of FIG. FIG.
(A) is a front view of a two-dimensional image La obtained by looking at the subject h from the left viewpoint Ls shown in FIGS. 9B and 9C, and FIG. 10B is a front view of the two-dimensional image La from the right viewpoint Rs. FIG. 10 is a front view of a two-dimensional image Ra obtained by looking at FIG.
FIG. 10C is a front view of an intermittent image Lb in which the two-dimensional image La is intermittent in the left-right direction, and FIG. 10D is a front view of the intermittent image Rb in which the two-dimensional image Ra is intermittent in the left-right direction. FIG. 10E illustrates the intermittent image Lb.
FIG. 10 is a front view of a composite image c obtained by combining the intermittent image Rb with the intermittent image Rb. FIG. 11A is a perspective view showing a state in which the above-described composite image c is observed through the parallax barrier P. FIG. 11B is a view for explaining the principle of obtaining a three-dimensional effect by this method. FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which the composite image c and the parallax barrier P are viewed in a cross section. In each of the above figures, U is above, S is below, R is right, L
Indicates the left side, F indicates the near side, and B indicates the far side. here,
For easy understanding, the subject h is a cube.
m1 is the front of the subject h with respect to the viewer k, m2 is the left side,
m3 indicates a right side surface, m4 indicates a top surface, and m5 indicates a bottom surface.
T indicates a gazing point at which the left and right viewpoints Ls and Rs intersect, and in this case, coincides with the center of the cube as the subject h.

As shown in FIG. 9A, when a viewer k directly looks at a real object h which is a three-dimensional object, a right and left parallax between the right eye ER and the left eye EL is generated. The subject h can be recognized as a three-dimensional object. From the printed matter, when the three-dimensional effect obtained when observing the actual three-dimensional object as described above is obtained by the parallax barrier method, in order to further enhance the three-dimensional effect, the position of the actual right eye ER is further increased. The viewpoint Rs is set on the right side, and similarly, the viewpoint Ls is set on the left side of the actual position of the left eye EL (FIG. 9).
(B) and (C)). Using a camera, the left viewpoint EL
10A is a two-dimensional image La in which an image obtained by looking at the subject h from the plane is fixed to the plane, and an image obtained by looking at the subject h from the right viewpoint ER is fixed on the plane. The result is the two-dimensional image Lb shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 10A, in the two-dimensional image La, the left side surface m2 is visible together with the front surface m1 of the subject h (the right side surface m3 is not visible). Further, as shown in FIG. 10B, in the two-dimensional image Lb, the right side surface m3 is visible together with the front surface m1 of the subject h (the left side surface m2 is not visible). Such a difference in video between the two-dimensional image La and the two-dimensional image Lb is due to the parallax between the left viewpoint Ls and the right viewpoint Rs that have captured the two-dimensional image La.

[0009] The intermittent images Lb and Rb shown in FIGS. 10C and 10D are obtained at the time of photographing or by processing after photographing using a well-known photographing device or photograph synthesizing means. The intermittent image Lb is obtained by intermittently intermittently intersecting the two-dimensional image La in the left-right direction.
The two-dimensional image Rb is intermittently spaced at equal intervals in the left-right direction. The intermittent image Lb is composed of a plurality of image pieces Lc ... Lc
The intermittent image Rb is composed of a plurality of image pieces Rc.
c. In the intermittent image Lb and the intermittent image Rb, the image fragments Lc... Lc of the intermittent image Rb are arranged at the intermittent portions of the intermittent image Lb (the image fragments Rc. By arranging Rc), a combined image c shown in FIG. 10E is formed. That is, the image pieces Lc and the image pieces Rc are alternately arranged left and right to obtain a composite image c.

As shown in FIG. 11A, by observing the composite image c through a parallax barrier p, the sense of depth described above, that is, the three-dimensional object is the subject h in this case, Can be obtained. The parallax barrier p includes a plurality of mask portions p1 to p1 (FIG. 1).
1 (A)) and transparent portions p2... P2. The mask portions p1... P1 are opaque vertical stripes (extending vertically), and the transparent portion p2 is a mask portion p.
This is a transparent portion arranged between 1 and p1. That is, the parallax barrier p is formed by alternately arranging the mask portions p1 and the transparent portions p2 on the left and right. As shown in FIG. 11B, the transparent portions p2... P2 of the parallax barrier p
Through the left eye EL by observing the composite image c
Shows the image fragment Lc of the intermittent image Lb obtained at the left viewpoint Ls, and the right eye ER shows the image fragment Rc of the intermittent image Rb obtained at the right viewpoint Rs. p
At 1, the left eye EL does not see the image fragment Rc of the intermittent image Rb obtained at the right viewpoint Rs, and the right eye ER sees the image fragment Lc of the intermittent image Lb obtained at the left viewpoint Ls. You can get no state. Thus, the viewer k perceives only the same image as the two-dimensional image La from the left eye EL, and perceives only the same image as the two-dimensional image Lb from the right eye ER (however, both eyes simultaneously). Composite image c
Not only when looking at, but even if you look at it with one eye, by moving the viewpoint in the left and right direction while watching,
It is possible to recognize that the subject h of the composite image c is a three-dimensional object). By such an operation, the viewer k can actually obtain the same three-dimensional feeling (depth feeling) as when the actual subject h is viewed from the viewpoint Ls and the viewpoint Rs.
In this case (either when viewing with both eyes or when moving the viewpoint with one eye), the disparity presented by the composite image c is in the left-right direction (FIG. 9C).

The parallax barrier method has a simple structure because it is composed of a parallax barrier having two left and right images (two-dimensional image) and the above-mentioned striped mask portion as described above. There are many advantages such as being compatible with the manufacturing method and being inexpensive. In such a parallax barrier method, in order to enhance a three-dimensional effect (feeling of depth) such that an image appears to be raised, the parallax (interval Ls-Rs between viewpoints) given to the image may be increased. As shown in (B), the limit is slightly larger than the parallax in the case of the naked eye (interval EL-ER between the left and right eyes) in the left and right directions. I can't make it big. Due to such a limitation, the conventional lenticular method has no visual difference because only a similar visual effect is obtained.

[0012]

According to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a visual effect different from that of the conventional parallax barrier system by solving the above problems.

[0013]

A three-dimensional image display method according to the first invention of the present application is to split and alternate at least two two-dimensional images 1, 1 obtained by viewing the same subject from different viewpoints. Are arranged into a single composite image 2, and the composite image 2 is a parallax barrier 3 having a mask unit 30.
By allowing the viewer to perceive the depth, the following configuration is adopted. That is, the two two-dimensional images 1 and 1 are obtained from different viewpoints of the subject in the vertical direction as well as the horizontal direction.
Each of the two-dimensional images 1 and 1 is divided at least vertically and alternately arranged to form one composite image 2. At this time, the difference between the upper and lower viewpoints is eliminated by tilting the two-dimensional images 1 and 1. Before or after forming the composite image 2, the above-described inclination is returned to the original, so that the division line of the composite image 2 is inclined, and a parallax having a mask portion inclined in accordance with the inclination of the division line is used. The composite image 2 is shown through the barrier 3. Note that the subject here includes not only a real object but also a virtual object in a virtual space held by a computer. Images displayed by this method include moving images in addition to still images. Further, the “depth” feeling includes not only the three-dimensional effect of a three-dimensional object but also the perspective of a plurality of objects at different positions in front and rear. Therefore, in the latter case, the subject itself is not limited to a three-dimensional object, and may be a two-dimensional object.

By adopting such a configuration, the method of displaying a three-dimensional image according to the first invention of the present application provides a two-dimensional image by adding a vertical parallax to the conventional depth perception only by the left and right parallax. It is possible to ensure a large interval (parallax) between two viewpoints. That is, the parallax is widened without exceeding the upper limit of the distance between the left and right viewpoints at which a sense of depth is obtained.
As described above, the unnaturalness in which the viewpoint shifts up and down (both eyes have different positions in the horizontal direction but are at the same position in the upper and lower directions, so the difference between the upper and lower viewpoints is unnatural) is described above. As described above, the division line between the two-dimensional images 1 and 1 on the composite image 2 is eliminated by making it inclined. Then, by showing the viewer to the viewer through the parallax barrier 3 in which the mask portion 30 is inclined in accordance with the dividing line which has been inclined by tilting, a visual effect which cannot be obtained with the conventional parallax barrier method is obtained. Was made possible. Although there is an individual difference in appearance, an example of a visual effect different from the conventional one is that a greater sense of depth than before can be obtained. For example, in the case of the parallax barrier 3 having the stripe-shaped mask portion 30, a smoother image can be obtained as the stripe is thinner. The conventional parallax barrier is provided with a mask portion of a vertical stripe corresponding to division / composition by a vertical division line of a composite image. However, in the method of displaying a stereoscopic image according to the present invention, as described above, The mask section 30 is oblique. Although the detailed operation has not been elucidated, as the mask portion 30 is thus inclined, in comparison with the conventional vertically extending mask portion, for example, the mask portion has the same thickness as the conventional vertical stripe. Even in this case, the stripe looks thinner and less noticeable than the conventional vertical one.

The printed matter of the three-dimensional image according to the second invention of the present application is obtained by dividing at least two two-dimensional images 1, 1 obtained by viewing the same subject from different viewpoints and arranging them alternately. The combined image 2 is shown through the parallax barrier 3 so that the viewer can perceive the depth, and the following configuration is adopted.
That is, each of the two-dimensional images 1 and 1 is divided by an imaginary line connecting the two viewpoints inclined by the difference between the above viewpoints and a diagonal dividing line V... 1
It is characterized in that one composite image 2 is obtained.

The printed matter of the three-dimensional image according to the second aspect of the present invention having such a configuration is a concrete example capable of obtaining the function of the three-dimensional image display method according to the first aspect of the present invention. A printed matter could be provided. That is, for each of the two-dimensional images 1 and 1, not only the conventional left and right but also the upper and lower sides are obtained from different viewpoints, and it is possible to obtain a larger parallax than the limit parallax only by the left and right difference. did. Such unnaturalness due to the upper and lower parallax is eliminated by making the dividing lines V... V oblique as described above, and such a composite image 2 is prepared by preparing a separate parallax barrier 3 and tilting it. Divided line V ... V
Parallax barrier 3 along mask (mask part 30)
By obliquely viewing the image through the parallax barrier 3, it is possible to obtain a composite image 2 having a visual effect that cannot be obtained by the conventional parallax barrier method.

In the printed matter of the three-dimensional image according to the third invention of the present application, in the printed matter of the three-dimensional image according to the second invention of the present invention, the tilted composite image 2 is formed of one sheet such as a plastic plate. The transparent body 4 is provided with a parallax barrier 3 that is inclined on the surface of the transparent body 4 in accordance with the inclination of the diagonal dividing lines V ... V.

The printed matter of the three-dimensional image according to the third aspect of the present invention having such a configuration has the same effect as the printed matter of the three-dimensional image according to the second aspect of the present invention, and is transparent together with the parallax barrier 3. The transparent image 4 and the parallax barrier 3 on the front surface side of the transparent plate 4 to provide a space between the synthetic image 2 and the parallax barrier 3. Is required by the thickness of the transparent plate 4. That is, the printed matter according to the present invention is different from a printed matter that requires the parallax barrier 3 separately, and has a specific means for keeping a required interval between the composite image 2 and the parallax barrier 3 constant. In this case, the necessary interval between the composite image 2 and the parallax barrier 3 can be obtained accurately and easily. Therefore, the printed matter of the three-dimensional image according to the third invention of the present application can provide a printed matter capable of better obtaining the function of the method of displaying a three-dimensional image according to the first invention of the present invention. is there.

[0019]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. 1 to 5 show an embodiment according to the present invention. FIG. 1A is a perspective view of a main part of a three-dimensional image printed matter 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1B is an explanatory diagram of the principle. FIG.
FIG. 2A is a front view of a subject h showing a positional relationship between a viewpoint for obtaining a two-dimensional image of the printed matter 100 and the subject h. FIG. 2B is a view when the actual subject h is viewed from the viewpoint LS. FIG. 2C is a perspective view of the subject h seen when the actual subject h is viewed from the viewpoint RS. FIG. 3A shows the viewpoints LS and R shown in FIG.
FIG. 3B is a front view of the subject h showing a state where the subject h is viewed so that a line segment (virtual line) connecting S is horizontal.
FIG. 3 is a front view of a two-dimensional image LA in which a subject h viewed from the viewpoint LS is fixed on a plane in the state of FIG.
FIG. 3C is a front view of the two-dimensional image LA in which the subject h viewed from the viewpoint RS is fixed on a plane in the state shown in FIG. 3A. FIG. 4A is a front view of an intermittent image LB obtained by intermittently moving the two-dimensional image LA left and right, and FIG. 4B is a front view of an intermittent image RB obtained by intermittently moving the two-dimensional image RA right and left. is there. FIG. 5A shows an intermittent image LB and an intermittent image RB.
FIG. 5B is a front view of a composite image 2 completed based on the lower composite image C of FIG. 5A. In each figure, U indicates upward, S indicates downward, R indicates rightward, L indicates leftward, F indicates near side, and B indicates deep side. m1 is the front of the subject h with respect to the viewer k, m2 is the left side, m3 is the right side, m4 is the top,
m5 indicates the bottom surface. T is the left and right viewpoints LS,
The gazing point at which the RS intersects indicates the gazing point, and in this case, coincides with the center of the cube as the subject h. Here, the software used on the computer is simply called software.

As shown in FIG. 1A, a printed matter 100 of a three-dimensional image according to the present invention includes a composite image 2, a parallax barrier 3, and a transparent plate 4 such as a plastic plate. Regarding the composite image 2 described above, at least two two-dimensional images 1 and 1 obtained by viewing the same subject from different viewpoints are divided and alternately arranged to form one composite image 2. The composite image 2 can be perceived by a viewer as being viewed through the parallax barrier 3. The two two-dimensional images 1 and 1 are obtained from different viewpoints of the subject both in the left and right directions and in the upper and lower directions. The image is divided by an imaginary line connecting both inclined viewpoints and an oblique division line V... V orthogonal to each other, and is arranged alternately to form one composite image 2. The parallax barrier 3 includes stripe-shaped mask portions 30.
Constitutes an opaque portion of the parallax barrier 3 and a space between the adjacent mask portions 30 constitutes a transparent portion of the parallax barrier 3 (hereinafter, this transparent portion is referred to as a transparent portion 3).
1). This transparent part 31 of the parallax barrier 3 ...
From 31, the composite image 2 can be observed. The mask portions 30... 30 are obliquely arranged so as to be parallel to the oblique dividing lines V. The transparent plate 4 is provided with the composite image 2 and the parallax barrier 3 in order to give the viewer the above-described sense of depth.
Have the same thickness w as the distance W (FIG. 1B) required between them. The composite image 2 is provided on the back side of the transparent body 4 and can be seen through the transparent body 4 from the front side of the transparent body 4. The parallax barrier 3 is provided on the front side of the transparent body 4. Is provided. Less than,
A method for obtaining the printed matter 100 will be described.

First, a method for obtaining the composite image 2 will be described. Here, as in the case of the conventional technology, the subject h is a cube for easy understanding. As shown in FIG. 2A, in the present invention, unlike the case shown in FIG. 9C, the parallax between the viewpoint LS and the viewpoint RS with respect to the subject h is not limited to the left-right direction (lateral parallax x). , The vertical direction (vertical parallax y). That is, a horizontal parallax x and a vertical parallax y are set between the viewpoint LS and the viewpoint RS. As a result, the line segment (virtual line) connecting the viewpoint LS and the viewpoint RS is 0 ° and 90 ° with respect to the horizontal line (LR).
Other than the inclination angle θ. The above-described lateral parallax x is calculated as shown in FIG.
Similar to the conventional viewpoints LS and RS shown in (B) and (C), they are set so as to be the maximum intervals in the left-right direction without causing unnaturalness. In addition, by providing the above vertical parallax y, it is possible to secure a large parallax of 1 / cos θ times as large as the conventional maximum value of parallax only in the horizontal direction (horizontal parallax). .

When the subject h is viewed from the viewpoint LS, as shown in FIG. 2B, an upper surface m4 can be seen in addition to the front m1 and the left side m2 of the subject h. When the subject h is viewed from the viewpoint RS, as shown in FIG. 2C, in addition to the front face m1 and the right side face m3 of the subject h, a bottom face m5 is formed.
Can be seen. That is, by giving the vertical parallax y, the viewpoint L
The view from S increases the amount of information above the subject compared to the view from the viewpoint RS, and the view from the viewpoint RS increases the amount of information below the subject compared to the view from the viewpoint LS. Increase. On the other hand, with the left and right naked eyes of a normal human (viewer k), there is only a difference between the left and right information amounts in the perception of the right and left eyes only by the horizontal parallax x. Therefore,
By the vertical parallax y, the viewpoints RS,
When the viewpoint LS is set to a normal position of the naked eye and the views from both sides are combined, the user feels unnatural. Therefore, FIG.
The subject h is relatively tilted and corrected so that the virtual line connecting the viewpoint LS and the viewpoint RS coincides with the horizontal line LR as shown in FIG. That is, the two-dimensional images 1 and 1 are obtained by fixing the views at the left and right viewpoints LS and LR in a state where the subject h is viewed obliquely in accordance with the inclination angle θ so as to eliminate the inclination angle θ (FIG. 3 (B) (C)). In this correction work, the subject h may be actually slanted, but a two-dimensional image acquisition unit such as a camera may be tilted with respect to the subject h so that the subject h is tilted without moving the subject h. It may be executed by tilting by θ. Hereinafter, the two-dimensional image 1 obtained from the viewpoint LS is referred to as a two-dimensional image LA, and the two-dimensional image 1 obtained from the viewpoint RS is referred to as a two-dimensional image RA. As a means for acquiring the two-dimensional images LA and RA, a camera (still camera) is used. That is, two-dimensional images LA and RA are obtained by arranging such image obtaining means at the viewpoints LS and RS and photographing the subject h.

An intermittent image LB shown in FIG. 4A is obtained by intermittently intermittently obtaining the two-dimensional image LA obtained at the viewpoint LS shown in FIG. That is, this intermittent image LB is obtained by dividing the two-dimensional image LA vertically (up and down) into a plurality of left and right image pieces LC.
This is intermittent by removing every other image piece LC. Similarly, the viewpoint RS shown in FIG.
The intermittent image RB shown in FIG. 4 (B) is obtained by intermittently intermittently separating the two-dimensional image RA obtained at the left and right at equal intervals. That is, the intermittent image RB is also obtained by dividing the two-dimensional image RA vertically (up and down) to form a plurality of left and right image pieces RC.
, And intermittently by removing every other image piece RC. In addition, in each drawing, V indicates a dividing line serving as a boundary of the above-mentioned division, that is, left and right sides of the image pieces LC and RC. The dividing lines V... V correspond to the viewpoints LS, R
It is orthogonal to a virtual line (LS-RS idea line) connecting S.

As shown in FIG. 5A, the above notched image L
LC and the cutout images RC are arranged alternately on the left and right to form the lower composite image C. That is, the intermittent image L
B and the intermittent image RB, the image pieces LC... LC of the intermittent image RB are arranged at the intermittent part of the intermittent image LB (the image pieces RC... R of the intermittent image LB at the intermittent part of the intermittent image RB).
Thus, the lower composite image C is formed. In the lower composite image C, the image of the subject h is oblique due to the above correction. In this embodiment, the lower composite image C is rotated in a direction opposite to the direction in which the subject h is tilted in the above-described correction operation, and the subject h is returned to the upright state.
That is, the lower synthesized image C is rotated in the reverse direction (rotated by -θ) by an amount corresponding to the inclination angle θ to return to the original state (the state shown in FIG. 2A of the actual video). . At this time, when the lower composite image C is created, the periphery of the irregular lower composite image C is aligned to complete the composite image 2 shown in FIG.
As a result, the image of the subject h is erected, and the dividing lines V... V (image pieces LC, RC) are oblique.

As shown in FIG. 1A, the transparent body 4 is fixed to the front of the composite image 2 (provided such that the front of the composite image 2 corresponds to the back of the transparent body 4). The parallax barrier 3 is disposed in front of the transparent body 4 (the surface of the transparent body 4). About parallax barrier 3,
The mask portion 30 (and the transparent portion 31) is disposed on the surface of the transparent body 4 so as to be parallel to the above dividing lines V. Thus, the printed matter 100 according to the present invention is completed. In the same manner as in the case shown in FIG.
See 1 (A). ), By looking at the completed printed matter 100, compared to the conventional parallax barrier method,
A feeling of depth can be further obtained. In this embodiment, as described above, the necessary constant distance between the composite image 2 and the parallax barrier 3 can be reliably secured at the thickness w of the transparent plate 4 through the transparent body 4. It is a thing. The transparent plate 4 can be formed of glass, a laminate layer, or the like, in addition to plastic such as a synthetic resin film.

The principle of the sense of depth obtained from the printed matter 100 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG.
As shown in (B), the transparent portion 3 of the parallax barrier 3
By observing the composite image c through 1 ... 31,
The left eye EL has an intermittent image LB obtained from the left viewpoint LS.
Of the intermittent image RB obtained from the right viewpoint RS in the right eye ER, and conversely, the mask portion 30... 30 and the left eye EL in the right viewpoint RS The image fragment RC of the obtained intermittent image RB is not visible, and the right eye ER has the image fragment LC of the intermittent image LB obtained at the left viewpoint LS.
Can create an invisible state. This allows
As in the cases shown in FIGS. 9B and 9C, the viewer k is actually the same as looking at the actual subject h from the viewpoint LS and the viewpoint RS by the left and right parallax (lateral parallax x). A three-dimensional feeling (feeling of depth) can be obtained. That is, it is possible to perceive an image E1 similar to that of FIG. 2B from the left eye EL, and perceive an image E2 similar to that of FIG. 2C from the right eye ER. Also, when the eyes are moved in the left and right directions L and R with one eye, the change in the images E1 and E2 can be perceived. (In the lenticular system, a sense of depth cannot be obtained with one eye, but parallax is not obtained. In the barrier method, a sense of depth can be obtained by moving the viewpoint even with one eye as described above.) Furthermore, in the printed matter 100 according to the present invention, since the vertical parallax y is given, the same three-dimensional effect (depth effect) as when the actual subject h is viewed can be obtained even by moving the vertical line of sight. That is, by moving the line of sight in the vertical directions U and S, an image E3 (E1) similar to that in FIG.
2C and a change in the image E4 (the same image as E2) similar to that in FIG. 2C can be perceived. Therefore, in the printed matter 100 of the present invention, as described above, it is possible to obtain a visual effect different from the conventional one, and although there are individual differences,
As one of them, a great sense of depth can be obtained. The distance W between the composite image 2 and the parallax barrier 3 shown in FIG. 1B is preferably 0.3 to 10 mm, and particularly preferably 2 to 5 mm. Therefore, the thickness w of the transparent body 4 may be set in such a range.

In this embodiment, FIG.
As shown in (5), the viewpoint LS is located above the viewpoint RS, but the present invention can be implemented even if the positional relationship is reversed. Further, in this embodiment, the subject h is set so that the virtual line connecting the viewpoint LS and the viewpoint RS coincides with the horizontal line LR.
Are corrected by tilting relatively, and the lower synthesized image C is rotated in the direction opposite to the direction tilted during formation of the synthesized image 2 to return the subject h to the upright state. As a result, the dividing line VV runs obliquely. However, without going through the above-mentioned correction work and reverse rotation work, the above-mentioned dividing line V
... It is also possible to form the composite image 2 by intermittently intermittently intermittently forming the intermittent images LB and RB so that V becomes oblique (not shown). In the above description, the division lines V... V in the composite image 2 extend only in one direction. In addition, as shown in FIG.
It is also possible to implement the invention assuming that two types of division lines V, V extending in the direction intersect. That is, the two-dimensional images LA and RA
Are divided into a five-eye shape, and the images obtained at the viewpoints LS and RS are arranged alternately not only in the horizontal direction but also in the vertical direction, and the subject h is returned to the upright state. As a result of the work, it is also possible to carry out assuming that two types of division lines intersect in an X shape. In this case, corresponding to the above,
The mask portion 30 and the transparent portion 31 of the parallax barrier 3 also
Checked (alternate in two directions) instead of striped (alternately arranged in only one direction)
It is performed as being arranged.

In the above embodiment, the subject h is a single cube having a plain surface for easy understanding. The background is solid color. However, in fact, it is possible to set an object of another shape as the subject h, and even if the subject h has a pattern on its surface,
A similar visual effect can be obtained. The subject h
May be plural irrespective of the same shape or different shapes, and may be implemented as having a background. In the case where the subject h is a cube as in the above-described embodiment, since the viewable surface of the cube is different between the viewpoint LS and the viewpoint RS, a sufficient sense of depth (three-dimensional effect) due to the difference in the view can be obtained. Conceivable. On the other hand, when the subject h is a (solid) sphere, since it does not have a plurality of planes having different directions, the viewpoints LS and RS
There is no difference in appearance between them, and a sufficient sense of depth (three-dimensional feeling)
However, the fact that the subject h is visible means that the subject h is receiving light, and the shadow of each part of the subject h depends on the positional relationship between the light source and the subject h. Is different. For this reason,
Even if the subject h is a sphere, the viewpoint h
It is possible to perceive a sense of depth due to differences in views. Such a difference in shading is also the same when the subject h is the above-described cube, and contributes to the perception of a sense of depth as well as a difference in a visible surface. Further, in the above-described embodiment, the still image is set as the target (the composite image 2). However, the present invention is also applied to a changing image (an image in which the subject h appears to move by changing the viewing direction). It is possible to obtain an effect on the sense of depth. In particular, in the case of changing images,
The effect is great.

Here, the preferred positional relationship between the image acquisition means and the subject will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. FIG. 6A is a schematic plan view showing the positional relationship between the subject and the image acquisition means e in the left-right direction.
(B) is a schematic side view showing the positional relationship between the subject and the image acquisition means in the vertical direction. The image acquiring unit e1 is arranged at the position of the viewpoint LS, and the image acquiring unit e2 is arranged at the position of the viewpoint RS. Note that, here, the first subject h is assigned to the subject h in the order close to the image acquisition units e1 and e2.
Three were prepared: 1, a second subject h2, and a third subject h3. However, except for the position of the subject and the gazing point T,
This is the same as the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 5, and the description here applies to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. As shown, two image acquisition means e
1 and e2 with respect to one fixation point T
It is arranged toward the gazing point T so as to separate φ. At this time, the center point N is formed by connecting the midpoint M1 of the parallax line segment M, which is a line segment connecting the positions of the two image acquisition units e1 and e2, and the gazing point T.

The object h is located between the parallax line segment M and the gazing point T.
1 to h3 are arranged so as to satisfy the following conditions. That is,
Of the subjects h1, h2, and h3, the projection N1 of the distance from the point of regard T to the position Q farthest from the point of regard T to the center line N, the distance N2 from the point of regard T to the parallax line M, Are arranged so that the ratio of 1: 2.5 to 1: 3.5 (ratio 1). At this time, the distance from the gazing point T to the position farthest from the gazing point T among the subjects h1 to h3 (the projection N1) and the horizontal component of the parallax line segment M (cos θ of M)
) Is within the range of 1: 0.10 to 1: 0.14 (ratio 2), and the angle φ between the straight line looking at the gazing point T and the center line segment N by the image acquisition units e1 and e2. It is desirable that the horizontal component be within the range of 1 to 3 °. In addition, subjects h1 to h3
Of the parallax line segment M from the gazing point T to the position farthest from the gazing point T (the projection N1), and the vertical component (M
Ratio of 1: 0.10 to 1: 0.14
It is desirable that the vertical component of the angle φ formed by the center line segment N and the straight line at which the image acquisition units e1 and e2 look at the gazing point T be within the range of 1 to 3 °. If the ratio is within the range of the ratio (ratio 1 and ratio 2), the length of the parallax line segment M is
Each image acquisition means e1 and e2 is configured so as to be separated by the naked-eye parallax angle and to emphasize the effect of obtaining a stereoscopic effect (feeling of depth) when the printed matter 100 is viewed by shifting the viewpoint left and right and up and down to view the subject. Settings can be easily and quantitatively obtained. Within such an angle range, it is possible to realize a positional relationship for obtaining an image in which a three-dimensional effect (feeling of depth) is enhanced depending on the subject. Each of the image acquisition units e1 and e2 looks at the subject, and can acquire images representing the subjects h1 to h3. Therefore, a parallax image can be quantitatively and reliably obtained with a simple setting using a generally known image forming means without any special skill or the like. The composite image 2 can be formed based on this.

In the above-described embodiment, when the subject h is photo-printed by a general three-dimensional printing method, a method of simultaneously recording information at both viewpoints LS and RS on a film (a method of obtaining a composite image 2 at a time) , Both viewpoints L previously taken
A method of synthesizing the respective images in S and RS later on the film (each of the above-described steps is sequentially performed to form two-dimensional images LA and R
A for obtaining the composite image 2 from A), and any of these methods can implement the present invention. In addition, each image (two-dimensional image LA, RA) at both viewpoints LS, RS, which has been photographed in advance, is taken into a computer as digital data by a scanner, a film scanner, or the like, and “Photoshop” (software manufactured by Adobe Systems Incorporated) is used. The present invention is also applicable to a case where the composite image 2 is formed by using photo retouching software represented by ()). In this case, if the camera is a digital camera, the photographed data can be processed as it is on a computer.

In the above-described embodiment, the actual subject h is photographed.
Using CG (computer graphic) software,
It is also possible to form a virtual reality subject h and obtain two-dimensional images LA and RA on such CG software from such a virtual reality subject h. Here, two-dimensional images LA and RA are created on a computer using CG software, and the created two-dimensional images LA and RA are processed using photo retouching software to obtain a composite image 2. Will be described. The CG software can be implemented using software capable of three-dimensional modeling and rendering. Here, “Shade” (software manufactured by Extools) is used, and as the photo retouching software, “Photoshop” is used. (Adobe Systems Incorporated).

FIG. 7B shows a virtual space (X, Y, Z) on "Shade". First, in "Shade", wire frame (wire) shape data H is formed on a free-form surface. The shape data H is composed of data such as the shape, size, and position (X1, Y1, Z1) of the subject h. (Strictly speaking, the position data holds coordinate data for each vertex of the cube. It will also have data, but here, to keep things simple,
The coordinates of the center of the subject h will be described as position-related data). The position of the light source D (X2, Y2,
Z2) Data such as light quality, intensity, and color, and data and mapping data relating to the color and surface material of the subject h are added as necessary. Also, data such as a background is added as necessary. The shape data H and the above-described data accompanying the shape data H are collectively referred to as source data. "Shad
e), since the viewpoint E is fixed, first, the above-described source data as viewed from one of the viewpoints LS and RS is created, and the source data is rendered.
One of the two-dimensional images LA and RA is created. Then, in the source data, the direction of the subject or the background (position data (X1,
Y1, Z1)), and further adjust the position (X2, Y2, Z2) of the light source D so that the position of the object and the light source do not change even by such a change, and view from the other of the viewpoints LS and RS. By creating the source data and rendering the source data, the other of the two-dimensional images LA and RA is created. Thus, from one shape data H, 2
A planar image (two-dimensional image) of one viewpoint can be formed.

The change of the viewpoint (position of the observation point of the source data) for obtaining the two-dimensional image RA with respect to the two-dimensional image LA will be described. In the left-right direction, the position of the viewpoint is changed within a range that does not exceed the limit for obtaining the natural feeling of depth described above.
Have an inclination angle θ of °. The angle of 28 ° is an optimum angle for making jaggies (jagged edges) inconspicuous when performing image processing using a computer. Therefore, when the current computer is not used, when the display means of the computer is improved in the future, or when the problem of jaggies is avoided by image processing using CG software or photo retouching software, in particular, tilting to such an angle is difficult. There is no need to limit. Therefore, when the computer is not used, there is no such limitation of the angle. When there is no problem of jaggies, for example, the angle (θ) can be selected within a range of 10 to 80 ° with respect to the horizontal direction. In addition, the selection of the angle is not limited to such a range. However, whether the computer is used or not, the closer to 45 °,
The effect is more pronounced. Therefore, in each case, 20
It is more preferable to select within the range of -70 °.

In the above-mentioned "Shade", rendering can be performed by calculating the traveling direction of light received by a subject by a ray tracing technique, so that precise two-dimensional images LA and RA very close to a real subject can be obtained. Can be. In addition, since it is possible to perform processing later by “Photoshop” (changing the direction of the frame at the time of trimming by rotating the image), as shown in FIG. It is not necessary to create a state where h is inclined, that is, the two-dimensional images LA and RA are
(B) It is not necessary to make the inclined state as shown in (C). Therefore, rendering is performed in the virtual space on “Shade” in the state shown in FIG.
What is necessary is just to acquire a two-dimensional image in which the subject h shown in FIGS. 2B and 2C is upright.

Two-dimensional image L obtained by rendering
Since A and RA are raster data such as bitmaps, they can be directly taken into "Photoshop" and processed. “Photoshop” has a concept of a layer, and can form one image by overlapping a plurality of foreground layers with a background layer. For this reason, when processing one image, it is possible to separately process the foreground layer and the background layer for each layer. Then, finally, the foreground layer and the background layer can be integrated into one image. By utilizing the layer function of “Photoshop”, it is possible to combine one of the two-dimensional images LA and RA as a background layer and the other as a foreground layer (here, the dividing lines V... Since the two-dimensional images LA and RA are more inclined, the subject h is in the upright state shown in FIGS. 2B and 2C.) Operations on “Photoshop” will be briefly described with reference to FIG. For example, the two-dimensional image LA is a background layer L1, and the two-dimensional image RA is a foreground layer L2.
And Further, as shown in FIG. 8A, a layer is separately superimposed on the surface of the two-dimensional image RA serving as the foreground layer L2 (referred to as a foreground layer L3). Specifically, in the foreground layer L3, the two-dimensional image RA is formed by cutting the notch portion of the notch image RB (a diagonal stripe (oblique by the inclination angle θ) corresponding to the interval between the image pieces RC, RC). .. G are drawn, and the stripes G are made opaque and portions other than the stripes G (between the stripes G, G) are made transparent.
The foreground layer L3 is overlaid on the foreground layer L2, and the foreground layer L3 is integrated with the foreground layer L2. This FIG.
The foreground layer L2 in which the foreground layer L3 has been integrated by the operation shown in (A) (hereinafter, referred to as a new foreground layer L2).
G are masked by the above-mentioned stripes G... G and present an image corresponding to the cutout image RB. Then, the opaque stripes G... G are made transparent in the new foreground layer L2, and the portions not masked by the stripes G. The new foreground layer L2 thus operated is superimposed on the background layer L1 as shown in FIG.
2 is integrated with the background layer L1. "Photosho
The image data completed by the above operation on "p" is
This corresponds to the composite image 2 shown in FIG.

As described above, the advantages of using the CG software are that a desired subject h can be freely created without being physically restricted, and the position and orientation of the subject in a virtual space can be freely changed. That the position of the light source and the intensity and quality of the light can be freely selected, that the texture of the subject surface can be freely created by a method such as mapping, that there is no need to secure a shooting location such as a studio, and that the subject h In the case where the scenery is taken as a landscape, it is not affected by the weather or the climate, unlike shooting in a real place, commercial modeling data can be used, and data can be easily processed and changed. Advantages of using the photo retouching software include that processing such as division, rotation, and exposure correction can be extremely easily performed on image data, and that partial correction can be easily performed using layers.

To obtain a large sense of depth in a conventional printed matter in which only left and right eyes are not provided, it is sufficient to increase the parallax. However, if it is increased to some extent, the viewer needs to be used to obtain the sense of depth. There were also limitations. For this reason, even if some measures are taken, there is no great difference in the visual effect obtained between the parallax barrier methods, and the novelty is not felt. On the contrary,
In the printed matter 100 according to the present invention, since a vertical parallax is provided in addition to the left and right parallax, a visual effect clearly different from that of the related art can be obtained. For example, it is possible to obtain a greater sense of depth without requiring the familiarity of the viewer and without exceeding the conventional limit of parallax in the horizontal direction. Therefore, using an inexpensive parallax barrier, it is not inferior to a high-cost lenticular method,
It is possible to secure a high sense of depth.

The thinner the stripe of the mask portion of the parallax barrier, the clearer the image looks. However, in silk screen printing, there is a limit to thinning the stripe, unlike expensive photolithography. However,
Like the printed matter according to the present invention, the dividing line V of the composite image 2
By making the mask portion oblique in accordance with V, the mask portion is perceived as thin by the naked eye. For this reason, in the present invention, an image can be seen beautifully in the same manner as in photolithography by inexpensive silk screen printing for obtaining a thin mask portion.

To describe this point in detail, in the case of a parallax barrier having a stripe-shaped mask portion, a smoother image can be obtained as the stripe becomes thinner. But,
In silk screen printing, unlike the case of expensive photoengraving, the printable stripe thickness is about 0.18m
m is a limit, and even if an attempt is made to obtain a smooth image, the use is restricted by such a limit. On the other hand, in the stereoscopic image display method according to the present invention, the mask portion (stripe) is oblique as described above, and as described above, even though the stripe has the same thickness as the vertical stripe, it looks thin. Therefore, the same effect as that of the related art can be obtained because the thickness of the stripe is larger than that of the related art. For this reason, in this field, the range of use of inexpensive silk screen printing can be expanded.

On the other hand, when the image is viewed through a conventional parallax barrier having a mask portion of a vertical stripe, moire tends to occur in an image obtained from an obliquely extending subject, and the occurrence of such moiré makes the image ugly. . In the conventional method, since the stripes are fixed vertically, there is no correspondence corresponding to the subject as described above, and moiré cannot be sufficiently avoided. Such moiré does not occur when the intersection angle between the subject and the stripe is close to 0 ° or 90 °. Therefore, the inclination of the mask portions 31... 31 is set such that the mask portions 31... 31 of the parallax barrier 3 intersect with the subject dividing lines V. The vertical and horizontal parallax (tilt angle θ) to be given to the composite image 2 is set according to the tilt of the mask unit 31.
What is necessary is just to form the composite image 2 having the dividing lines V... V parallel to the inclination of the mask portion 31. As described above, by implementing the present invention, it is possible to set an image (set the inclination angle θ) centering on the direction of the mask portion, and it is possible to more finely prevent moiré. .

[0042]

According to the first embodiment of the present invention, the parallax barrier system using a composite image having vertical division lines from a three-dimensional image (an image obtained by fixing a plane) is as follows. Different visual effects can be obtained. Further, the mask portion which is conspicuous by the conventional parallax barrier is made inconspicuous, and the image is made easy to see.

By implementing the second invention of the present application, it is possible to provide a specific printed material capable of obtaining the effect of the three-dimensional image display method according to the first invention of the present application. That is, a separate parallax barrier (mask part)
By tilting and viewing through the parallax barrier, it is possible to obtain a composite image having a visual effect different from the conventional parallax barrier method.

By implementing the third invention of the present application, the same effect as that of the printed matter of the three-dimensional image according to the second application of the present invention is obtained, and the required interval between the composite image and the parallax barrier is kept constant. With specific means,
The required spacing between the composite image and the parallax barrier,
It can be obtained accurately and easily. Therefore, by implementing the third invention of the present application, it is possible to provide a printed matter capable of easily and reliably obtaining the effect of the three-dimensional image display method according to the first invention of the present application.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1A shows a printed matter 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 1B is a schematic perspective view of a main part of FIG. 00, and FIG. 1B is an explanatory view showing the principle of the stereoscopic view.

FIG. 2A is a front view of a subject h showing viewpoints LS and RS required to obtain the printed matter 100, and FIG.
Is a perspective view of the subject h as viewed from the viewpoint LS, and (C) is a perspective view of the subject h as viewed from the viewpoint RS.

FIG. 3A is a front view of a subject h when a (virtual) line segment connecting viewpoints LS and RS required to obtain the printed matter 100 is horizontal, and FIG. FIG. 7C is a front view of a two-dimensional image LA of the subject h acquired at the viewpoint LS in the state of FIG. 7C, and FIG. 7C is a front view of a two-dimensional image RA of the subject h acquired at the viewpoint RS in the state of FIG. .

4A is a front view of a cutout image LB obtained based on the two-dimensional image LA shown in FIG. 3B, and FIG.
It is a front view of cutout image RB obtained based on two-dimensional image RA shown in (C).

FIG. 5A is a view showing the cutout image LB shown in FIG.
FIG. 7B is a front view of a pre-combined image C obtained by synthesizing the cutout image RB shown in FIG. 7B, and FIG. 7B is a front view of a pre-composed image 2 formed based on the pre-composed image C.

FIG. 6A is an image acquisition unit e1 for a subject.
It is a schematic plan view which shows the positional relationship of e2, (B) is the schematic side view.

FIG. 7A is a perspective view of a main part of a printed matter 100 according to another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 7B is a schematic perspective view showing a virtual space on CG software.

FIG. 8A is a diagram illustrating a process of forming a cutout image RB on photo retouching software, and FIG. 8B is a diagram illustrating a cutout image obtained through the process shown in FIG. FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing a process of forming a composite image 2 using RB.

9A is a perspective view showing a state in which a viewer k is observing a real subject h, FIG. 9B is a plan view thereof, and FIG. 9C is a position between a viewpoint and the subject h. It is a schematic front view of the subject h which shows a relationship.

10A is a two-dimensional image La obtained by viewing the subject h from the left viewpoint Ls shown in FIGS. 9B and 9C. FIG.
(B) is a front view of the subject h from the right viewpoint Rs.
FIG. 7 is a front view of a two-dimensional image Ra obtained by looking at FIG.
(C) is a front view of an intermittent image Lb in which the two-dimensional image La is intermittent in its left-right direction, and (D) is a front view of an intermittent image Rb in which the two-dimensional image Ra is intermittent in its left-right direction. (E) is a front view of a combined image c obtained by combining the intermittent image Lb and the intermittent image Rb.

FIG. 11A is a perspective view showing a state where the composite image c is observed through a parallax barrier P;
(B) illustrates the principle of obtaining a three-dimensional effect by this method.
It is explanatory drawing which shows the state which looked at the said composite image c and the parallax barrier P from the cross section.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 2D image 2 Composite image 3 Parallax barrier

Claims (3)

[Claims] At least two two-dimensional images obtained by viewing the same subject from different viewpoints are divided and alternately arranged to form one composite image, and the composite image is provided with a parameter provided with a mask unit. In a display method of a three-dimensional image that allows a viewer to perceive depth by showing through a lux barrier, the two two-dimensional images are obtained from different viewpoints of a subject, both left and right and up and down. Each of the two-dimensional images is divided at least vertically and arranged alternately to form one composite image. At this time, the difference between the upper and lower viewpoints is eliminated by tilting the two-dimensional image, After or at the time of formation of the composite image, the inclination is returned to the original position, so that the division line of the composite image is inclined, and a parallax bar having a mask portion inclined in accordance with the inclination of the division line is used. Through A method of displaying three-dimensional images, characterized in that it shows the composite image. 2. At least two two-dimensional images obtained by viewing the same subject from different viewpoints are divided and alternately arranged to form one composite image, and this composite image is shown through a parallax barrier. In a printed matter of a three-dimensional image that allows a viewer to perceive the depth, the two two-dimensional images are obtained from different viewpoints of the subject, both left and right and up and down. Each of the images is divided by an imaginary line connecting both viewpoints inclined by the difference between the above and below viewpoints and an orthogonal diagonal dividing line, and arranged alternately to form one composite image. 3D image printed matter. 3. The inclined composite image is covered with a single transparent body such as a plastic plate, and is inclined on the surface of the transparent body according to the inclination of the oblique dividing line. The printed matter of a three-dimensional image according to claim 2, wherein a parallax barrier is provided.