JP2002185243A - Antenna device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an antenna device that does not take up much space in a room, can be installed easily, can finely adjust the azimuth or the like of transmission/reception sections, and is capable of conducting transmission/ reception with a high gain. SOLUTION: The antenna device 10 comprises a planar antenna 16a for transmitting and receiving electric waves, and a window glass plate 14 that focuses the electric waves 12 for increasing energy density and for receiving the electric waves by the planar antenna 16a, or has an electric wave-focusing/ deflecting section for deflecting the electric waves 12 that are transmitted from the planar antenna 16a.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an antenna device having at least one of a radio wave transmitting function and a radio wave receiving function, and more particularly to transmitting and receiving microwave and millimeter wave radio waves used for communication and broadcasting. The present invention relates to an antenna device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Heretofore, a so-called parabolic antenna has been known as a communication antenna or a broadcasting antenna in which a radio wave is focused on a focal point by a reflector such as a parabolic surface. This parabolic antenna is installed on a pillar of sufficient thickness outside, such as the roof of a building such as a building, and has sufficient strength and durability in consideration of the weight of the parabolic antenna and weather conditions such as wind and snow. It is a robust weight structure that can be obtained. However, since the parabolic antenna is installed outdoors, it is necessary to always perform maintenance to suppress aging. In addition, since the antenna is installed outside the building, the overall appearance of the building is impaired. There was also. for that reason,
Although it is conceivable to install a parabolic antenna or the like indoors, it is necessary to install a heavy structure indoors, and it is not practical because the indoor space is large.

[0003] Nowadays, due to the demand for high-speed, large-capacity communication, high-frequency communication for transmitting and receiving radio waves using microwaves and millimeter waves has been rapidly expanding. Since microwaves and millimeter waves have a wavelength of several μm to several mm, a lens or the like for focusing radio waves can be easily manufactured, and various antenna devices using such a lens or a diffraction grating have been proposed. ing. For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-150416 discloses that a structure such as a visually transparent Fresnel lens or the like that diffracts microwaves and millimeter-wave radio waves is used instead of a window or a window or a part thereof. An integrated antenna device has been proposed. Such a receiving portion that receives a radio wave having an increased energy density by diffracting a radio wave having a frequency in the microwave or millimeter wave band using a Fresnel lens or the like has an opening. A so-called horn antenna using a horn-type waveguide that guides waves is generally used.

[0004]

However, when such a horn antenna is used in a transmitting / receiving section for receiving or transmitting radio waves, a horn-type waveguide is formed by processing a metal plate or the like three-dimensionally. To produce, horn antenna,
Further, the size and weight of the antenna device including the transmission / reception unit increases, and a jig for supporting the antenna device must have high rigidity. As a result, it is difficult to easily install such an antenna device at a desired place in a room and without taking up space. In addition, in order to efficiently receive a focused radio wave using a Fresnel lens or the like, the direction of the entire horn-type waveguide must be finely adjusted, and the direction cannot be easily adjusted. Also, in order to reduce the place of the antenna device occupying the room, when the horn antenna and the Fresnel zone plate, etc. approach,
A desired radio wave transmission / reception efficiency or a desired gain cannot be obtained.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is directed to an antenna device for transmitting and receiving radio waves, which is durable without being affected by deterioration due to wind and snow, does not impair the appearance of a building, and Another object of the present invention is to provide an antenna device with good gain that can be easily installed without taking up a space, and can easily adjust the direction and the like of a transmitting and receiving unit.

[0006]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a planar antenna having at least one of a radio wave transmitting function and a radio wave receiving function, comprising: It is an object of the present invention to provide an antenna device including a window glass plate having a radio wave focusing / deflecting unit for receiving a flat antenna or deflecting a radio wave transmitted from the flat antenna.

Here, a planar antenna refers to a two-dimensional antenna provided on a flat surface, such as a planar antenna having a patch radiator provided on a flat surface, such as a microstrip antenna or a flat surface. It is preferably a linear antenna having a linear transmitting / receiving element provided thereon, for example, a dipole antenna or a quasi-Yagi Uda antenna.
Alternatively, a slot antenna may be used. further,
The surface forming the radiator of the planar antenna is preferably arranged facing the window glass plate side, and at least an amplifying element is provided on the same surface side of the same substrate as the radiator of the planar antenna. Preferably, the surface of the planar antenna on which the radiator and the amplifying element are provided is directed toward the window glass plate, and the amplifying element is preferably formed of a monolithic microwave integrated circuit. Further, the radio wave focusing / deflecting unit is preferably formed in a predetermined pattern by partially removing a coating layer of the coated window glass plate, and the radio wave focusing / deflecting unit is a Fresnel zone plate. Is preferred. The radio wave transmitted and received by the antenna device is preferably a microwave or a millimeter wave. Here, the microwave refers to a radio wave having a frequency of 1 GHz to 3 THz, and the millimeter wave refers to a radio wave having a frequency of 30 GHz to 300 GHz. Thus, millimeter waves constitute part of the microwave band.

[0008]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, an antenna device according to the present invention will be described in detail based on a preferred embodiment shown in the accompanying drawings.

An antenna device 10 shown in FIG. 1 is a preferred embodiment of the antenna device of the present invention, in which microwave and millimeter wave radio waves are diffracted using a window glass plate to increase the energy density of the radio waves. A radio wave with increased energy density is received by a planar antenna, and by utilizing the reversibility of transmission and reception of the antenna device, the radio wave transmitted from the planar antenna is deflected using a window glass plate into a plane wave, and is transmitted in a predetermined direction. Is an antenna device that transmits radio waves to The antenna device 10 diffracts the arriving radio wave 12 and focuses it,
Alternatively, a deflecting window glass plate 14 and a planar antenna 16
and a transmission / reception unit 16 provided with a.

The window glass plate 14 is a window glass plate used for a building such as a building, and a metal thin film or a metal oxide thin film is formed on a surface on the indoor side. Needless to say, the metal thin film refers to a thin film containing a metal, but may be a thin film containing a metal oxide in addition to the metal. Needless to say, the metal oxide thin film is a thin film containing a metal oxide, but may be a thin film containing a metal in addition to the metal oxide. The region 14a, which is a part of the region where the metal thin film or the metal oxide thin film is formed, is a part of the radio wave 12 arriving after the metal thin film or the metal oxide thin film is removed concentrically at a predetermined width and a predetermined interval. So that it is transparent
A circular orb is formed. That is, a radio wave transmitting portion 18 that transmits a radio wave by removing the metal thin film or the metal oxide thin film from the center of the concentric circle, and a radio wave non-transmitting portion 20 that reflects the radio wave because the metal thin film or the metal oxide thin film is formed. Are provided alternately. Since the distance and width between the radio wave transmitting portion 18 and the radio wave non-transmitting portion 20 in such an area 14a are set to dimensions corresponding to the wavelengths of microwaves and millimeter waves, the radio waves 12 transmitted through the radio wave transmitting portion 18
Causes diffraction, the radio wave 12 is focused at a position where the phases are aligned, and the energy density increases.

The area 14a of the window glass plate 14 uses the reversibility of transmission and reception of the antenna device to deflect a radio wave transmitted from a planar antenna 16a, which will be described later, and transmit the radio wave to a distant place as a plane wave. That is, the area 14a
Form a radio wave focusing / deflecting portion in the present invention, and serve as a so-called Fresnel zone plate. here,
The Fresnel zone is an area where the phase difference of the diffracted radio wave reaching the antenna is an integral multiple of 180 °, or the propagation path difference of the passing radio wave is an integral multiple of a half wavelength. Moriaki Wakaki, Jikkyo Shuppansha, 26-27
Page), and the Fresnel zone plate refers to a plate installed in a radio wave propagation path to form this area.

In this embodiment, the radio wave transmitting portions 18 and the radio wave non-transmitting portions 20 are alternately provided concentrically in the area 14a of the window glass plate 14 to form a circular orbicular zone. In the present invention, an elliptical annular zone in which concentric circles are deformed in accordance with the direction in which radio waves arrive may be used. For example, the elliptical orbicular zone is inclined when the direction in which the radio wave arrives is inclined with respect to the normal direction of the surface of the radio wave focusing / deflecting unit formed on the window glass plate 14. It is preferable to form an elliptical annular zone having a major axis in the direction. Further, the position for focusing the radio waves is determined by the radio wave focusing / forming formed on the window glass plate 14.
When it is shifted from the center position of the deflecting unit, it is preferable to form an elliptical orbicular zone having a long axis in the shifted direction.

As an example, such a window glass plate 14 is made of indium oxide (In) formed by coating as a conductive film having heat ray reflectivity by a sputtering method.
A heat ray reflective glass plate is used in which a ₂ O ₃ ) conductive film is provided with an undercoat and an overcoat as a protective layer in order to improve the adhesion to glass. Alternatively, the glass surface may be coated with a metal thin film. Cr, Ti, Ag, Au, Al,
A metal conductive film having a single-layer structure of a thin metal layer such as Cu or Ni may be used. Further, an oxide semiconductor thin film such as a transparent tin oxide (SnO ₂ ) conductive film may be used instead of the metal thin film. In addition, TiO ₂ / Ag / TiO ₂ , ZnO / Ag /
The glass surface may be coated with a metal conductive film having a plurality of structures, such as ZnO, in which thin metal layers are laminated in a sandwich manner with transparent dielectric layers from above and below. The coating thin film layer such as the metal thin layer, the metal conductive film, and the oxide semiconductor thin film only needs to have radio wave reflection performance, and the lower the conductivity, the better. The coating of a thin film such as the above-mentioned metal thin layer, metal conductive film or oxide semiconductor thin film is formed by a sputtering method,
It may be performed by a spray method, a dipping method, a CVD method, or the like.
The formation of the concentric circular orbicular zone is carried out by a method of disassembling and removing a predetermined portion of a coated heat ray reflection glass plate or the like, a method of using masking or a photoresist.

For example, as a method of decomposing and removing a metal thin film, there is a method by a screen printing method described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-171600. For example, an α-terpineol solution containing 9% by weight of ethyl cellulose,
Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate powder (average particle size 30 μm)
Is prepared in a ratio of 3: 7 (weight ratio), applied by a screen printing method, heated at 200 ° C. for 10 minutes, cooled, and washed with water to remove a metal thin film.

Since the radio wave focusing / deflecting section is formed by a metal thin film or a metal oxide thin film formed by coating a window glass plate, the radio wave focusing / deflecting portion is formed on a window glass plate not coated with a metal thin film or a metal oxide thin film. Adjustment of a planar antenna, which will be described later, is easier than in the case where a newly manufactured diffractive structure is attached. That is, when attaching a newly manufactured diffraction structure to a window glass plate,
It is necessary to bond and integrate with an adhesive or the like.Therefore, it is necessary to consider the loss due to the used adhesive and the influence of the thickness. Due to variations in the thickness of the adhesive layer at the time of mounting, etc., it is necessary to adjust a planar antenna described later. However, if a window glass plate is formed by coating a metal thin film or the like in advance, an adhesive or the like is not used. In addition, the adjustment by changing the thickness is unnecessary, which is effective.

The radio wave focusing / deflecting portion in the present invention is not limited to the radio wave non-transmissive portion 20 of the window glass plate, which is not limited to a Fresnel zone plate formed of a reflecting metal thin film or metal oxide thin film, but a radio wave absorbing radio wave A shielding film may be used. In addition, the radio wave focusing / deflecting unit of the present embodiment is obtained by patterning a metal thin film or a metal oxide thin film formed on a window glass plate into a predetermined shape. May be any radio wave focusing / deflecting unit provided on a flat substrate. For example, a separate flat Fresnel zone plate may be attached to a window glass plate or the like, or a Fresnel zone plate may be installed and fixed at a predetermined distance from the window glass plate. In addition, as a window glass plate, using a known laminated glass plate in which a plurality of glasses are bonded with a synthetic resin film or an acrylic resin interposed therebetween, on the bonding surface of the laminated glass plate, or on the laminated glass plate. A radio wave focusing / deflecting unit may be provided outside.

As in the present embodiment, by setting the optical path difference of the radio wave arriving at the transmission / reception unit to an integral multiple of half a wavelength, the phase difference of the arriving radio wave is replaced by the integral multiple of 180 °. The photoresist is applied and exposed a plurality of times to form a concentric annular zone having the same photoresist thickness, or an elliptical annular zone having the same photoresist thickness in a stepwise manner. A phase correction type Fresnel zone plate that forms a plurality of waves and changes the phase of the radio wave in a stepwise manner to converge the radio wave to increase the energy density or deflect the radio wave transmitted from the antenna may be used. Further, a window glass plate having no metal thin film, metal oxide thin film, or electromagnetic wave shielding film is subjected to a stepwise cutting process using a grindstone or the like, and a concentric annular zone having the same thickness of the window glass plate. ,
Alternatively, a plurality of elliptical zones having the same thickness of the window glass plate are formed in a stepwise manner, and the phase of the radio wave is stepped by the concentric zones and the elliptical zones. It may be a phase-correction type Fresnel zone plate that changes. Further, it may be a phase correction type Fresnel zone plate in which a dipole row whose length is adjusted is formed on a window glass plate.

The transmitting / receiving unit 16 includes an amplifying element (not shown) for amplifying and extracting a radio wave received from the planar antenna 16a as a received signal, in addition to the planar antenna 16a,
A detection element (not shown) for detecting the amplified reception signal and outputting the reception information _Sout .

As shown in FIG. 2, the planar antenna 16a has a three-layer structure of a patch radiator 24, a dielectric substrate 26, and a ground conductor 28.
At 3, the position (focal position) where the radio wave 12 is focused by the Fresnel zone plate in the area 14a of the window glass plate 14.
Is adjusted and installed via a support adjustment member 22 fixed to the window glass plate 14. Here, a microstrip antenna is an antenna provided with a patch radiator (strip) having a rectangular, circular, or elliptical shape on a dielectric substrate with a ground conductor. In the case of a rectangular strip, the length of the antenna is Resonates when the wavelength is half of the wavelength of the dielectric substrate in consideration of the effect of the dielectric, and has directivity for transmission and reception in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the conductor thin film of the antenna.

The patch radiator 24, as shown in FIG.
Protrusions 24a ', 24a' are provided on the rectangular patch 24a, and the feeder line 30 is drawn out from an intermediate position between the protrusions 24a ', 24a'. It is stuck. The feed line 30 is connected to an amplification element (not shown). The dielectric substrate 26
In addition to the resin material, a material such as ceramic or sapphire is used to concentrate electric field energy on the patch radiator 24. The ground conductor 28 is formed of copper foil and grounded so that an electric field is generated on the dielectric substrate 26. In the above example, the patch radiator 24 is formed of copper foil.
It may be formed of a conductive film made of silver, gold, or the like. In addition, it is preferable in terms of communication characteristics that the component surface of the planar antenna such as the patch radiator 24 is disposed toward the window glass 14 side.

The microstrip antenna 23 is formed by removing a copper foil on one side of a printed wiring board having copper foils on both sides into a predetermined shape and processing the shape, and using the copper foil on the opposite side as a ground conductor. It is made. For example, the patch radiator 24 of the microstrip antenna 23 is manufactured as a printed antenna by partially shaping and removing a copper foil used for a printed wiring board by etching or the like. At this time, in order to improve the physical strength of the printed wiring board, a glass fiber fabric is solidified with a resin such as an epoxy resin to form a dielectric substrate 26. In particular, it is preferable to use polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or a butadiene / styrene resin in order to improve the high frequency characteristics of microwaves and millimeter waves. When the dielectric substrate 32 is a ceramic substrate, conductive metal powder such as silver or silver-palladium,
Paste material consisting of an inorganic binder and an organic vehicle,
The patch radiator 24 is formed on a ceramic substrate by using a forming method such as screen printing, and by drying and firing the formed paste material, the patch radiator 24 is formed of a conductive film made of silver, silver-palladium, or the like. .

Further, the microstrip antenna 23
Oscillator, modulator, amplifier, detector, etc. are formed using monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) technology, ie, using active elements such as diodes and transistors and passive elements such as capacitors. It may be formed integrally on one semiconductor substrate. By forming the microstrip antenna 23 into one chip together with other circuits, a more compact configuration can be achieved. Also, the microstrip antenna 23
Is a hybrid microwave integrated circuit (HM) in which an amplifying element, an oscillating element, and a modulating element are mounted on the same surface side of the same printed wiring board together with an MMIC circuit.
IC). That is, when a ground conductor is formed on one surface of a dielectric substrate, each component such as an MMIC circuit formed of a semiconductor is placed on the surface (component surface) opposite to the surface on which the ground conductor is formed. ) Is preferably mounted, and it is more preferable in terms of communication characteristics to dispose a dielectric substrate with this component surface facing the window glass plate.

As described above, the microstrip antenna 2
The horn antenna 3 has a horn-type waveguide and is formed on a flat surface and is lightweight, thin, and compact. Therefore, the horn antenna 3 can be easily installed via the support adjustment member 22. Position adjustment with respect to the radio wave focusing / deflecting unit, for example, fine adjustment in the x and y directions in FIG. 1 can be easily performed. In particular, when the microstrip antenna 23 is formed on a semiconductor substrate by integrating each element,
The transmission / reception unit 16 is extremely lightweight and compact, can be installed very easily via the support adjustment member 22, and
Adjustment of the position of the window glass plate 14 with respect to the radio wave focusing / deflecting unit can be performed very easily. Moreover, since the planar antenna 16a and the amplifying element are integrally formed, it is not necessary to consider the impedance characteristics of the transmission line, which had to be considered in the past.

The planar antenna 14a of the present embodiment
Is a microstrip antenna 23 in which a patch is provided on a flat plate surface, but the planar antenna in the present invention is not limited to this. Instead of the patch radiator 24 of the microstrip antenna 23, a dielectric substrate 26 approximate wavelength lambda _g considering shortening coefficient of wavelength bodies quarter of the length of the linear element 2 straight, or shape disposed at an angle, were printed with a copper foil or the like on the flat plate surface A dipole antenna, a director and a reflector are arranged before and after the linear element to enhance the transmission and reception efficiency. Quasi printed on top
-It may be a Yagi-Uda antenna. Antennas having such linear elements have short wavelengths of microwaves and millimeter-wave radio waves, and require high dimensional accuracy. can do. Further, a slot antenna opposed to a dipole antenna may be provided in which a copper foil conductor of a linear element of the dipole antenna is removed to form a gap, and a conductor such as copper foil is provided around the gap. These antennas are
Each of them can be reduced in weight and thickness, and the transmission and reception efficiency is high. Of course, these antennas may be integrated as a part of the MMIC or HMIC circuit.

These printed antennas are obtained by removing a copper foil or the like so that a conductor such as a copper foil or the like is printed on a flat plate surface in advance so as to have a predetermined shape. Although preferred from the viewpoint of dimensional accuracy, the planar antenna in the present invention is not limited to a printed antenna, and may be manufactured by separately providing a conductor such as a copper foil on the dielectric substrate 26.

As described above, by using a small and light planar antenna, the degree of freedom in combination with the radio wave focusing / deflecting unit is increased, and the antenna can be arranged close to the radio wave focusing / deflecting unit.

In the antenna device 10, the window glass plate configured with the planar antenna is not limited to a building window glass plate installed in a building or the like, and may be a vehicle window glass plate. That is, an antenna device using a window glass of a vehicle may be used.

In such an antenna device 10, the radio wave 12 arriving at the window glass plate 14 passes through the radio wave transmitting portion 18 in the area 14a, and the width and the interval of the radio wave transmitting portion 18 are substantially equal to the wavelength of the radio wave. Since it has dimensions, diffraction occurs, and the energy density increases at the position where the transmission / reception unit 16 is installed. On the other hand, in the microstrip antenna 23, the patch radiator 24
An electric field is formed on the dielectric substrate 26 between the power supply line 30 and the ground conductor 28, and a received signal accompanying the electric field is electrically extracted from the feed line 30.

On the other hand, an electric field is formed on the dielectric substrate 26 between the patch radiator 24 and the ground conductor 28 by the transmission signal supplied from the feed line 30, and the electric field is vertically generated from the patch radiator 24 with this electric field. Radio waves are emitted. The emitted radio wave arrives at the window glass plate 14, passes through the radio wave transmitting portion 18 in the area 14a, is deflected by diffraction, and becomes a plane wave traveling in a desired direction.

Regarding the above-mentioned antenna device, it was examined whether transmission and reception of radio waves were possible and what the gain of transmission and reception was.

[Embodiment 1] As a radio wave focusing / deflecting unit, FIG.
As shown in (1), a heat ray reflective glass (Sanlux manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.) was used as the window glass plate 14, and a (solet type) Fresnel zone plate in which metal thin films of the heat ray reflective glass were concentrically arranged was produced. As the planar antenna 14a, FIG.
Microstrip antenna 23 shown in FIG. FIG.
Indicates the shape of the Fresnel zone plate. The Fresnel zone plate, to remove the metal thin film of heat-reflecting glass determined as follows dimensions d ₁ to d ₉ in FIG. d ₁ = 146 mm, d ₂ = 208 mm, d ₃ = 256 m
m, d ₄ = 296 mm, d ₅ = 332 mm, d ₆ = 33
6 mm, d ₇ = 396 mm, d ₈ = 428 mm, d ₉ =
454 mm. The metal thin film was removed by adding 9% by weight of ethyl cellulose.
Α-terpineol solution and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate powder (average particle size: 30 μm) in a ratio of 3: 7 (weight ratio)
The solution was prepared by applying a screen printing method, heating at 200 ° C. for 10 minutes, cooling, and washing with water.

FIG. 4 shows a microstrip antenna 23.
FIG. The microstrip antenna 2
3 is a substrate (US, ARLON) in which portions corresponding to the patch radiator 24a and the ground conductor 28 are made of copper foil.
(Trade name: 25N), 50 mm square, and a thickness of 0.1 mm.
472 mm, and the dimensions L _{1 to} L ₉ shown in FIG. 4 were set as follows. L ₁ = 3.3 mm, L ₂ = 3.9 mm, L ₃ = 4.0 m
m, L ₄ = 0.3 mm, L ₅ = 1.0 mm, L ₆ = 1.
0 mm, L ₇ = 1.2 mm, L ₈ = 50 mm and L ₉
= 50 mm.

The frequency of an incoming radio wave used for measurement is 2
The frequency was set to 2.6 GHz, and the microstrip antenna 23 was installed at a position 400 mm away from the center of the concentric circle of the window glass plate 14. On the other hand, an electric signal having a frequency of 22.6 GHz and a power of 10 dBm was introduced from the oscillation element to the horn antenna as a transmission antenna, and the electric signal was transmitted from the horn antenna to a frequency of 1.2 dB.
The Fresnel zone plate was placed at a distance of m. The measurement was performed in an anechoic chamber. As a result, with this antenna device, a gain of 10 dB was obtained as compared with the case where the Fresnel zone plate was not used.

[Embodiment 2] As shown in FIG. 5, the microstrip antenna 23 manufactured in Embodiment 1 is used as a planar antenna 16a, and a transmitting unit having the planar antenna 16a, an oscillating element 16b, and an amplifying element 16c. 1
A transmission / reception unit 16 having 6 ′, a reception unit 16 ″ having an amplification element 16d and a reception element 16e, and a switch 16f for switching between transmission and reception was manufactured. Amplifying elements 16c and 16d are provided with a high gain FET NE.
32110S01 (manufactured by NEC Corporation) was used. Radio waves were transmitted and received using the window glass plate 14 on which the transmitting and receiving unit 16 and the Fresnel zone plate were arranged. As a result, transmission and reception could be performed without any problem.

Third Embodiment As shown in FIG. 6, a quasi-Yagi Uda antenna 38 formed on a flat plate surface by using a linear copper foil or the like, as shown in FIG.
Was manufactured, and the gain of the antenna device combined with the window glass plate 14 shown in FIG. 3 was examined. The quasi-Yagi Uda antenna 38 has a copper foil substrate on both sides (US, ARLON).
(Trade name: 25N), 80 mm square, and a thickness of 0.1 mm.
751 mm, and as shown in FIG.
0, the reflector 42 and the radiators 44, 44 are arranged in parallel,
A 90 ° phase shifter 48 was provided on one side of the feed line 46, and one end of the feed line 46 was connected to the radiator 44 via the phase shifter 48. The dimensions P _{1 to} P ₇ of the quasi-Yagi Uda antenna 38 shown in FIG. 6 are as follows. P ₁ = 3.2 mm, P ₂ = 3.6 mm, P ₃ = 2.0 m
m, P ₄ = 2.0 mm, P ₅ = 1.8 mm, P ₆ = 2.
2 mm, and P ₇ = 2.5 mm.

The line width of the copper foil of the power supply line 46 is 22.6.
The width was 1.6 mm at which the characteristic impedance of the microstrip transmission line became 50Ω at GHz. As in the first embodiment, the frequency of the incoming radio wave used for measurement is 22.6 G
Hz, and the quasi-Yagi Uda antenna 38 was installed at a position 400 mm away from the center of the concentric circle of the window glass plate 14. Since the quasi-Yagi Uda antenna 38 has directivity in a direction parallel to the substrate surface, the side of the director 40 is directed toward the window glass plate 14 of the Fresnel zone plate. On the other hand, an electric signal having a frequency of 22.6 GHz and a power of 10 dBm was introduced from a oscillating element to a horn antenna as a transmission antenna, and the Fresnel zone plate was set at a position 1.2 m away from the horn antenna.
The measurement was performed in an anechoic chamber. As a result, with this antenna device, a gain of 12 dB was obtained as compared with the case where the Fresnel zone plate was not used.

[Embodiment 4] As shown in FIG. 7, a dipole antenna having radiators 50 and 52 and a feed line 54 formed on a flat plate surface using a linear copper foil is used. 56 were manufactured, and the gain of the antenna device combined with the window glass plate 14 shown in FIG. 3 was examined. That is, a radiator 52, 54 and a portion corresponding to the grounding conductor are made of a copper foil substrate (US, manufactured by ARLON, trade name: 25N), are 80 mm square, and have a thickness of 0.751 mm. And the shape of the feed line 54. The dimensions A _{1 to} A ₇ of the dipole antenna 56 shown in FIG. 7 are as follows. A ₁ = 1.85 mm, A ₂ = 1.0 mm, A ₃ = 1.0
mm, A ₄ = 1.8 mm, A ₅ = 3.8 mm, A ₆ =
0.8 mm, A ₇ = 0.5 mm.

As in Example 1, the frequency of the incoming radio wave used for measurement was 22.6 GHz, and the dipole antenna was installed at a position 400 mm away from the center of the concentric circle of the window glass plate. On the other hand, an electric signal having a frequency of 22.6 GHz and a power of 10 dBm was introduced from the oscillation element to the horn antenna as a transmission antenna, and the electric signal was transmitted from the horn antenna to a frequency of 1.2 dB.
The Fresnel zone plate was placed at a distance of m. The measurement was performed in an anechoic chamber. As a result, with this antenna device, a gain of 7.5 dB was obtained as compared with the case where the Fresnel zone plate was not used.

Embodiment 5 As shown in FIG. 8, a slot antenna 60 in which a copper foil 58 is formed on a portion of the dipole antenna 56 where no copper foil is provided is manufactured, and the window glass plate 14 shown in FIG. The gain of the combined antenna device was investigated. The slot antenna 60 is obtained by removing the copper foil of the copper foil portion of the dipole antenna 56 shown in FIG. 7 to form a slot portion, and forming the copper foil 58 on the portion of the dipole antenna 56 where there is no copper foil. The substrate is a copper foil substrate (US, ARLO) that corresponds to the radiator and the ground conductor.
N Company, trade name 25N), 80 mm square and 0.751 mm in thickness. The power supply method is CPW (Co
-Planar Waveguide) line, and this line was connected to the slot via a quarter-wavelength impedance converter so that impedance matching could be performed. Incidentally, the following dimensions W ₁ to _W-7 dipole antenna 56. W ₁ = 3.6 mm, W ₂ = 0.6 mm, W ₃ = 1.0 m
m, W ₄ = 1.8 mm, W ₅ = 3.8 mm, W ₆ = 0.
5 mm, W ₇ = 0.25 mm.

As in the first embodiment, the frequency of the arriving radio wave used for the measurement is 22.6 GHz, and the slot antenna 60 is 400 m from the center of the concentric circle of the window glass plate 14.
m apart. On the other hand, a horn antenna as a transmitting antenna has a frequency of 22.6 GHz and power of 10 dBm.
Was introduced from the oscillation element, and the Fresnel zone plate was placed at a position 1.2 m away from the horn antenna. The measurement was performed in an anechoic chamber, and as a result,
In this antenna device, a gain of 8 dB was obtained as compared with the case where the Fresnel zone plate was not used.

Embodiment 6 As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the microstrip antenna 23 manufactured in Embodiment 1 is used as a planar antenna 16a.
6a, and amplifying the transmission signal sent from the oscillation element.
Amplifying element 62 composed of MIC and planar antenna 16
a, an amplifying element 64 composed of an MMIC for amplifying the received signal received at a, and a switch 66 for connecting one of the amplifying elements 62 and 64 to the planar antenna 16a are arranged on the same surface side of the same substrate. HMIC68 was produced.

The substrate used is such that the portions corresponding to the patch radiator 70 and the ground conductor 72 of the planar antenna 16a are formed of copper foil, and the thickness of the dielectric portion is 0.751 mm (US, manufactured by ARLON, trade name 25N). ) Was used. Here, the amplifying elements 62 and 64 are configured by a single or a plurality of field effect transistors. The amplification element 62
A transmission signal transmitted from an oscillating element (not shown) via the S-SMA connector 74 is amplified by being controlled as a drain current by the gate bias voltage and the drain bias voltage, and transmitted to the planar antenna 16a via the switch 66. . Alternatively, the amplification element 64 controls and amplifies a weak reception signal received by the planar antenna 16a as a drain current by the gate bias voltage and the drain bias voltage, and sends the amplified signal to the reception element via the S-SMA connector 76. . The amplification element 6
FMM5701LG (MMIC manufactured by FUJITSU Quantum Devices Limited) was used as 2,64. A chip capacitor 86 is connected to gate bias lines 78 and 84 for applying a gate bias voltage and drain bias lines 80 and 82.
100 pF capacitors were provided as 88, 90, and 92. The gate bias lines 78 and 84 and the drain bias lines 82 and 80 are connected to the gate bias terminals 78a and 84a and the drain bias terminals 82a and 82a, respectively.
A gate bias voltage and a drain bias voltage are respectively applied from 80a.

The switch 66 is adapted to transmit the transmission signal to the amplifying element 6.
2, the antenna is switched so as to be connected to the planar antenna 16a, and a radio wave is radiated from the planar antenna 16a. 64 is set to be connected, and the received signal received by the planar antenna 16a is operated so as to be sent to the amplifying element 64. The switch 66 and the amplifying elements 62 and 64
C power supply terminal 94 and gate bias terminals 78a, 84
DC power is supplied via a and the drain bias terminals 82a and 80a. Transmission lines between the amplifying elements 62 and 64 and the switch 66 and the amplifying elements 62 and 64 and the S-SMA
The transmission line between the connectors 74 and 76 was a microstrip line. Further, the ground terminals 6 of the amplifying elements 62 and 64
2a, 64a are connected to the ground conductor 72 by through holes 96, 98, 100 provided in the dielectric substrate 96.

The HMIC 68 is arranged toward the Fresnel zone plate shown in the first embodiment, that is, the planar antenna 16a, the amplifying elements 62 and 64, and the switch 66 are arranged toward the Fresnel zone plate. When I sent and received, I could send and receive without any problems.

As described above, while the transmission and reception gain of the antenna device is improved, the antenna device can be easily installed indoors, and fine adjustment of the azimuth and the like can be easily performed.

Although the antenna device of the present invention has been described in detail above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the gist of the present invention. Of course.

[0046]

As described in detail above, since the antenna device of the present invention is constituted by a planar antenna, it can be easily installed indoors, and is a durable antenna which is not affected by deterioration due to wind and snow. The device can be realized without damaging the appearance of the building. In addition, it can be installed indoors easily without taking up space, and fine adjustment of the direction and the like of the transmitting and receiving unit can be easily performed. In addition, when a heat-reflective glass having a Fresnel zone plate that is patterned into a predetermined shape and used as a window glass plate having a radio wave focusing / deflecting unit is used, processing such as disassembly and removal of a part of the existing heat-ray reflective glass can be performed. A Fresnel zone plate can be produced easily and easily. Moreover, since a window glass plate with a radio wave focusing / deflecting part formed by coating is used,
It is not necessary to adjust the planar antenna by the thickness of the bonding layer for bonding the newly manufactured diffraction structure. Furthermore, the area of the window glass other than that used as the antenna device can be used as a glass having a function in which a normal metal film is formed, for example, a heat ray reflective glass. Also,
Since the antenna device can be configured by removing the metal thin film of the mass-produced heat-ray reflecting glass plate, an inexpensive antenna device that is compatible with the conventional method can be provided.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an example of an antenna device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of an example of a planar antenna constituting the antenna device of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of an example of a window glass plate constituting the antenna device of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a plan view of an example of a planar antenna constituting the antenna device of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a configuration of a transmission / reception unit used in an example of the antenna device of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a plan view of another example of the planar antenna constituting the antenna device of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a plan view of another example of the planar antenna constituting the antenna device of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a plan view of another example of the planar antenna constituting the antenna device of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a configuration of a substrate using a planar antenna which constitutes the antenna device of the present invention.

10 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the substrate illustrated in FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

 REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 10 antenna device 12 radio wave 14 window glass plate 16 transmitting and receiving unit 16 ′ transmitting unit 16 ″ receiving unit 16 a planar antenna 16 b oscillating element 16 c, 16 d, 62, 64 amplifying element 16 e receiving element 16 f, 66 switch 18 radio wave transmitting unit 20 radio wave Non-transmissive part 22 Support adjustment member 23 Microstrip antenna 24 Patch radiator 26,96 Dielectric substrate 28,72 Ground conductor 30,46,54 Feed line 38 quasi-Yagi Uda antenna 40 Director 42 Reflector 44,50, 52 radiator 48 phase shifter 56 dipole antenna 58 copper foil 60 slot antenna 68 hybrid microwave integrated circuit (HMIC) 74,76 S-SMA connector 78,84 gate bias line 80,82 drain bias line 86,88,90,92 Tipped Pashita 94 DC power supply terminals 96, 98, 100 through-hole

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page F term (reference) 5J020 AA01 AA02 BC13 CA04 DA03 DA04 5J045 AA13 AB05 AB06 DA10 EA07 NA01

Claims (1)

[Claims] A planar antenna having at least one of a radio wave transmitting function and a radio wave receiving function; a radio wave converging to increase energy density to be received by the planar antenna; or a radio wave transmitted from the planar antenna. An antenna device comprising: a window glass plate having a radio wave focusing / deflecting unit for deflecting light.