JP2002137082A - Laser machining nozzle - Google Patents

Laser machining nozzle

Info

Publication number
JP2002137082A
JP2002137082A JP2000331764A JP2000331764A JP2002137082A JP 2002137082 A JP2002137082 A JP 2002137082A JP 2000331764 A JP2000331764 A JP 2000331764A JP 2000331764 A JP2000331764 A JP 2000331764A JP 2002137082 A JP2002137082 A JP 2002137082A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
nozzle
laser
oxygen gas
laser beam
laser processing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP2000331764A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Hirofumi Imai
浩文 今井
Naoya Hamada
直也 浜田
Nobuaki Ito
信明 伊藤
Hiroyuki Yamamoto
博之 山本
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nippon Steel Corp
Original Assignee
Nippon Steel Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nippon Steel Corp filed Critical Nippon Steel Corp
Priority to JP2000331764A priority Critical patent/JP2002137082A/en
Publication of JP2002137082A publication Critical patent/JP2002137082A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a laser machining nozzle suitable for a large amount of laser output without generating a hot lens effect and a disturbance of an oxygen gas flow at the nozzle outlet. SOLUTION: In a laser machining nozzle 2 performing heat processing of steels while an oxygen gas 4 is flowing on the same axis with a laser beam 1 and focusing the laser beam 1, this invention is a double structure that the oxygen gas 4 is supplied via an annular flow passage formed between an outer nozzle cylinder and an inner nozzle cylinder and a porous body is filled up into the annular flow passage. And the porous body is preferably made of steel wool 5.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

【0001】[0001]

【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、レーザと酸素によ
って鋼などの金属を熱切断するためのレーザ加工ノズル
に関するものである。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a laser processing nozzle for thermally cutting a metal such as steel with a laser and oxygen.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】従来、レーザと酸素を用いた鋼等の切断
加工においては、被加工物に対してレーザ光と同軸で酸
素を供給しつつレーザビームをレンズで集光することが
行われている。一般的なレーザ加工ヘッドの模式図を図
2に示す。レーザ加工ヘッドはレーザ光1と酸素ガス4
を供給するノズル2と集光素子とを一体化したものであ
る。図2のごとく、レンズ6がガスの圧力シールを兼ね
ている。レーザ切断用のレーザとしては一般にCO2
ーザが用いられるが、そのレンズ素材は強度や経済性か
らZnSeであることが多い。しかし、ZnSeはわず
かながらCO2 レーザの波長の光を吸収する性質がある
ため、出力の大きなCO2 レーザを透過する際に熱レン
ズ効果を発生して焦点距離が変化してしまう問題があ
る。これは加工性能の変化をもたらすためレンズを冷却
することが行われている。しかし、レンズを冷却しても
実用的な出力限界は5kw程度である。より高出力のレー
ザを安定に集光するための抜本的な対策としては集光素
子としてミラーを用いれば良いが、その際、図3に示す
ごとくノズル2が開放系となり、酸素ガス4の圧力シー
ルができなくなる問題が生じる。
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in cutting steel or the like using a laser and oxygen, a laser beam is condensed by a lens while supplying oxygen to a workpiece coaxially with a laser beam. I have. FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a general laser processing head. The laser processing head is composed of laser beam 1 and oxygen gas 4
Is integrated with the nozzle 2 for supplying the light and the light-collecting element. As shown in FIG. 2, the lens 6 also serves as a gas pressure seal. Generally, a CO 2 laser is used as a laser for laser cutting, but the lens material is often ZnSe from the viewpoint of strength and economy. However, ZnSe is because of the property of absorbing light in the slightly CO 2 laser wavelength, there is a focal length to generate thermal lens effect is changed problem when passing through the output of large CO 2 laser. This is done by cooling the lens to cause a change in processing performance. However, even if the lens is cooled, the practical output limit is about 5 kW. As a drastic measure to stably collect a high-output laser, a mirror may be used as a light-collecting element. At this time, as shown in FIG. There is a problem that sealing cannot be performed.

【0003】これに対し、図4のごとくノズル2を二重
構造とし、圧力シールがなくてもレーザ光1と同軸で酸
素ガス4を供給する方法が考えられる(例えば、特開平
10−348909号公報等参照)。しかし、発明者ら
の計算および実験によれば、ノズル外筒と内筒との間に
形成される環状流路に酸素ガスを極めて対称性良く供給
しないと旋回流が発生し、それがノズル出口で増大する
ため、ノズルから噴出する酸素ガス流が発散性となり、
レーザ切断に適さないガス流れとなる。つまり、ガス導
入口3付近ではノズル断面積が大きいが、そこで小さな
旋回流が発生すると断面積の小さいノズル出口付近で
は、角運動量保存則によって旋回流の大きさが増大する
のである。図5は旋回流を伴うガス圧分布を模式的に示
す図であり、収束せずにレーザ切断には適さない状態で
あることがわかる。
On the other hand, a method is conceivable in which the nozzle 2 has a double structure as shown in FIG. 4 and the oxygen gas 4 is supplied coaxially with the laser beam 1 without a pressure seal (for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-348909). Gazette). However, according to calculations and experiments performed by the inventors, if oxygen gas is not supplied to the annular flow path formed between the nozzle outer cylinder and the inner cylinder with very high symmetry, a swirl flow is generated, which is generated at the nozzle outlet. , The oxygen gas flow ejected from the nozzle becomes divergent,
The gas flow is not suitable for laser cutting. In other words, although the nozzle cross-sectional area is large near the gas inlet 3, when a small swirl flow is generated there, the swirl flow increases near the nozzle outlet having a small cross-sectional area according to the law of conservation of angular momentum. FIG. 5 is a diagram schematically showing a gas pressure distribution accompanied by a swirling flow, and it can be seen that the gas pressure distribution does not converge and is not suitable for laser cutting.

【0004】[0004]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明は、上記課題に
鑑みてなされたもので、簡便な機構を採用することによ
り、熱レンズ効果を発生することなく、しかもノズル出
口における酸素ガス流に乱れを生じることのない、大出
力レーザに適したレーザ加工用ノズルを提供することを
目的とする。
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and employs a simple mechanism so that a thermal lens effect does not occur and the oxygen gas flow at the nozzle outlet is disturbed. It is an object of the present invention to provide a laser processing nozzle suitable for a high-output laser without causing a problem.

【0005】[0005]

【課題を解決するための手段】上記課題を解決するため
の本発明の要旨は、酸素ガスをレーザ光と同軸で流しつ
つレーザ光を集光して鋼などの熱加工を行うレーザ加工
用ノズルにおいて、前記酸素ガスがノズル外筒とノズル
内筒との間に形成される環状流路を介して供給する二重
構造であって、該環状流路にポーラス体を充填すること
を特徴とする。また、前記ポーラス体はスチールウール
とすることが好ましい。
The gist of the present invention to solve the above-mentioned problems is to provide a laser processing nozzle for condensing a laser beam while flowing an oxygen gas coaxially with the laser beam and performing thermal processing of steel or the like. , Wherein the oxygen gas is supplied via an annular flow path formed between the nozzle outer cylinder and the nozzle inner cylinder, and the annular flow path is filled with a porous body. . Preferably, the porous body is made of steel wool.

【0006】[0006]

【発明の実施の形態】図1は、本発明のレーザ加工ノズ
ルの一例を模式的に示す図である。図示するようにノズ
ル構造としては、ノズル外筒とノズル内筒とからなる二
重構造のノズル2であり、酸素ガス4はこのノズル外筒
とノズル内筒との間に形成される環状流路に対し導入口
3から供給される。また、本発明にて特徴とするポーラ
ス体としては、スチールウール5をノズル外筒とノズル
内筒との間に形成される環状流路に充填した。この際、
スチールウール5をできるだけ均一に充填するようにす
ると良い。これにより酸素ガス4の導入口3付近で発生
する旋回流が抑制され、ガス流れが均一化する。その結
果、図6に示すようにノズル2を出た後のガス圧分布が
収束し直進性の良い、レーザ切断に好適なガス流れとな
った。
FIG. 1 is a view schematically showing an example of a laser processing nozzle according to the present invention. As shown in the drawing, the nozzle structure is a nozzle 2 having a double structure including a nozzle outer cylinder and a nozzle inner cylinder, and an oxygen gas 4 is formed in an annular flow path formed between the nozzle outer cylinder and the nozzle inner cylinder. Supplied from the inlet 3. Further, as a porous body characterized by the present invention, steel wool 5 was filled in an annular flow path formed between the nozzle outer cylinder and the nozzle inner cylinder. On this occasion,
It is preferable to fill the steel wool 5 as uniformly as possible. Thereby, the swirling flow generated near the inlet 3 of the oxygen gas 4 is suppressed, and the gas flow becomes uniform. As a result, as shown in FIG. 6, the gas pressure distribution after exiting the nozzle 2 was converged, and a gas flow suitable for laser cutting with good straightness was obtained.

【0007】[0007]

【実施例】以上は本発明のノズル単体の効果であるが、
さらに集光ミラーを組み合わせ、レーザ加工ヘッドを構
成した。ミラーの焦点距離は254mmとした。本加工ヘ
ッドにて出力10kWのCO2 レーザビームを集光し、鋼
のレーザ切断を試みた。ミラーへの入射ビーム径は24
mm、集光スポットサイズは0.6mmである。供試材は板
厚40mmのSS400材である。切断速度は0.6m/
分とした。ノズルにスチールウールを充填した場合は、
板下面へのドロス付着もなく良好な切断面が得られた
が、スチールウールを充填しない場合はガウジングを発
生し、切断が不可能であった。
The above is the effect of the nozzle alone of the present invention.
Furthermore, a laser processing head was configured by combining a converging mirror. The focal length of the mirror was 254 mm. A CO 2 laser beam with an output of 10 kW was condensed by this processing head, and laser cutting of steel was attempted. The beam diameter incident on the mirror is 24
mm, and the focused spot size is 0.6 mm. The test material is SS400 having a thickness of 40 mm. Cutting speed is 0.6m /
Minutes. If the nozzle is filled with steel wool,
A good cut surface was obtained without dross adhered to the lower surface of the plate, but when steel wool was not filled, gouging occurred and cutting was impossible.

【0008】なお、上記した本実施例ではノズルの環状
流路に充填するポーラス体としてスチールウールを用い
たが、多孔質であればセラミックス等他の物質でも良
い。また、本発明はミラーによる集光方法ばかりでな
く、当然の事ながらレンズによる集光方法とも組み合わ
せることができる。
In this embodiment, steel wool is used as the porous body to be filled in the annular flow path of the nozzle. However, other materials such as ceramics may be used as long as they are porous. In addition, the present invention can be combined with not only a light collecting method using a mirror but also a light collecting method using a lens as a matter of course.

【0009】[0009]

【発明の効果】以上説明した本発明に係るレーザ加工ノ
ズルによれば、簡便な機構にもかかわらず、効果的なガ
ス流れを達成でき、大出力レーザに適したレーザ加工用
ノズルを提供することができる。
According to the laser processing nozzle according to the present invention described above, an effective gas flow can be achieved despite a simple mechanism, and a laser processing nozzle suitable for a high-power laser is provided. Can be.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]

【図1】本発明のレーザ加工ノズルを模式的に示す断面
図。
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a laser processing nozzle of the present invention.

【図2】従来のレンズで集光するレーザ加工ノズルを模
式的に示す断面図。
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a laser processing nozzle that collects light with a conventional lens.

【図3】ミラーで集光するレーザ加工ノズルを模式的に
示す断面図。
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a laser processing nozzle focused by a mirror.

【図4】二重構造を有するガス流路とミラーを組み合わ
せたレーザ加工ノズルを模式的に示す断面図。
FIG. 4 is a sectional view schematically showing a laser processing nozzle in which a gas flow path having a double structure and a mirror are combined.

【図5】ミラーで集光するレーザ加工ノズルを模式的に
示す断面図。
FIG. 5 is a sectional view schematically showing a laser processing nozzle focused by a mirror.

【図6】本発明のレーザ加工ノズルから出るガスの圧力
分布を模式的に示す図。
FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically showing a pressure distribution of gas emitted from a laser processing nozzle of the present invention.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

1 レーザ光 2 ノズル 3 ガス導入口 4 ガス 5 スチールウール 6 集光レンズ 7 集光ミラー 8 ミラー REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 laser light 2 nozzle 3 gas inlet 4 gas 5 steel wool 6 condenser lens 7 condenser mirror 8 mirror

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 伊藤 信明 千葉県富津市新富20−1 新日本製鐵株式 会社技術開発本部内 (72)発明者 山本 博之 千葉県富津市新富20−1 新日本製鐵株式 会社技術開発本部内 Fターム(参考) 4E068 CD15 CH03 CJ04 DB01  ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Nobuaki Ito 20-1 Shintomi, Futtsu-shi, Chiba Nippon Steel Corporation Technology Development Division (72) Inventor Hiroyuki Yamamoto 20-1 Shintomi, Futtsu-shi, Chiba Made in New Japan F-term in Technical Development Division, Steel Corporation (Reference) 4E068 CD15 CH03 CJ04 DB01

Claims (2)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】 酸素ガスをレーザ光と同軸で流しつつレ
ーザ光を集光して鋼などの熱加工を行うレーザ加工ノズ
ルにおいて、前記酸素ガスがノズル外筒とノズル内筒と
の間に形成される環状流路を介して供給される二重構造
であって、該環状流路にポーラス体を充填することを特
徴とするレーザ加工ノズル。
1. A laser processing nozzle for concentrating a laser beam while flowing oxygen gas coaxially with the laser beam and performing thermal processing of steel or the like, wherein the oxygen gas is formed between a nozzle outer cylinder and a nozzle inner cylinder. A laser processing nozzle having a double structure supplied through an annular flow path, wherein the porous flow path is filled in the annular flow path.
【請求項2】 ポーラス体をスチールウールとすること
を特徴とする請求項1に記載のレーザ加工ノズル。
2. The laser processing nozzle according to claim 1, wherein the porous body is made of steel wool.
JP2000331764A 2000-10-31 2000-10-31 Laser machining nozzle Pending JP2002137082A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2000331764A JP2002137082A (en) 2000-10-31 2000-10-31 Laser machining nozzle

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2000331764A JP2002137082A (en) 2000-10-31 2000-10-31 Laser machining nozzle

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2002137082A true JP2002137082A (en) 2002-05-14

Family

ID=18808062

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2000331764A Pending JP2002137082A (en) 2000-10-31 2000-10-31 Laser machining nozzle

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP2002137082A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006043775A (en) * 2004-08-06 2006-02-16 Trumpf Werkzeugmaschinen Gmbh & Co Kg Laser beam machining head

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006043775A (en) * 2004-08-06 2006-02-16 Trumpf Werkzeugmaschinen Gmbh & Co Kg Laser beam machining head

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