JP2002122122A - Bolt and nut assembling washer and screw type fastener - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve the problem that the manufacturing cost of a conventional fitting formed by welding a bolt and a nut to a washer formed with spikes is expensive and that a use of the bolt and the nut is limited. SOLUTION: A washer 1 formed with a bolt insertion hole 3 is formed with three turn stopper claws 7 by cutting and standing them, and formed with spikes 5 projected backward. A distance from the turn stopper claws 7 to the center of the bolt insertion hole 3 is a little larger than a half of a double- surface width B of a bolt head 13 and a nut 17. When seating the bolt head 13, for example, in a front surface 1a of this washer 1, the turn stopper claws 7 come close to a flat side surface 13a or lightly brought in contact with the side wall surface 13a. The spikes 5 work as a turn stopper for the washer 1 itself, and the turn stopper claws 7 of the washer 1 work as a turn stopper for a bolt 11. Since this washer 1 is not integrally formed with a bolt and a nut, manufacturing cost is suppressed, and a use of a bolt and a nut is not limited.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a washer and a screw fastener for assembling a bolt and a nut. Specifically, a washer, such as a hexagon bolt or a hexagon nut, used for a bolt and nut assembly where at least one of the bolt head and the nut is non-circular, and a bolt or nut having a non-circular head and the washer are integrally connected. The present invention relates to a screw-type fastener having a structure as described above.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art For example, in wooden buildings, joints between structural members such as columns and beams and other members are not limited to joints.
The so-called building hardware is used together to give strength,
Above all, bolt and nut combinations are frequently used. Generally, in a bolt / nut assembly, a washer is provided on the head side and the nut side of the bolt, respectively, and in some cases, a spring washer is provided between the bolt head or the nut and the washer. .

[0003]

In the operation of mounting a bolt and nut assembly, usually, a bolt is passed through a bolt hole formed in a pillar or the like, with the bolt being passed through a washer on the bolt side. After passing the washer on the nut side to the tip, the nut is screwed, and finally, the bolt and the nut are relatively turned in opposite directions to be tightened. In this case, when screwing the nut to the bolt or during subsequent tightening, if the nut or bolt is not stopped, the nut or bolt will rotate integrally, so-called "co-rotation". A two-handed operation is required in which one is detented with one hand (with a tool such as a spanner) and the other is turned with another hand. In architecture, work is often performed at high altitudes. Needless to say, using both hands at high altitudes is extremely dangerous.

[0004] In view of the above, a washer has been proposed in which a washer is welded to a bolt head or a nut and integrated with the bolt, and a spike is formed on the washer so as to bite into an object such as a pillar. According to such hardware, since at least after the spike of the washer bites into the object, the bolt or nut integrated with the washer is prevented from rotating, so that the subsequent tightening operation can be completed with one hand.

However, manufacturing such hardware requires time and labor of welding, and this welding requires alignment for aligning the center lines of the nuts and bolts with the washers. In addition, there is a problem that the man-hours for alignment and positioning significantly increase the production cost. In addition, such bolts and nuts with washers often limit their use. In particular, bolts cannot be used unless both the nominal diameter and length are compatible with the intended mounting location, so the types of bolts are extremely large, and both the nominal diameter and length This is because even if the washer is in the way, it cannot be used if the washer is in the way.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned conventional problems, and has a function of preventing rotation of bolts and nuts without integrating the bolts and nuts. It is an object of the present invention to provide a new washer for bolt and nut assembly that can be combined for general purpose and the use of the bolt and nut need not be limited. Another object of the present invention is to provide a novel screw-type fastener capable of firmly fixing a bolt head or a nut to a washer without welding even if the use is somewhat limited. And

[0007]

In order to achieve this object, a washer for bolt and nut assembly according to claim 1 is provided.
A washer for a bolt and nut assembly in which at least one of a bolt head and a nut is non-circular, wherein the non-circular bolt head or nut is seated on the washer to form a flat side surface of the bolt head or nut. The non-rotating pawl is cut and raised, and a plurality of spikes protruding in a direction opposite to the direction in which the detent claw is cut and raised are provided.

Therefore, according to this washer, the spike bites into the object to which the bolt and nut assembly is attached, thereby preventing the washer itself from rotating. The bolt head and the nut seated on the washer are prevented from rotating by the washer. The detent claw works.
Therefore, except for the initial work of screwing the nut to the bolt, the tightening of the bolt and nut assembly can be achieved only by turning the nut or the bolt with one hand, and the work at a high place can be performed safely. Moreover, this washer does not need to be integrated with the bolt or nut by welding, etc.,
The production cost is low and the use of bolts and nuts is not limited. The more the number of the detent claws, the more stably the detent function, but even one detent can perform the function.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the washer for assembling a bolt and nut, the tip of the detent claw is bent in a direction away from the center line of the bolt through hole. It is characterized by having. With this configuration, the tip of the detent claw functions as a guide that guides the bolt head and the nut to a predetermined seating position while sliding the bolt head and the nut, thereby facilitating the work of seating the bolt head and the nut on the washer. Can be done.

[0010] The washer for assembling bolts and nuts according to claim 3 is the same as the washer for assembling bolts and nuts according to claim 1 or 2, so that the whole is swollen to the side where the detent pawl is cut and raised. It is characterized by being curved. Even with such a shape, the detent claw becomes farther from the center line of the bolt through hole as it goes to the tip side, so that the detent claw slides the bolt head and nut to the predetermined seating position. Since it functions as a guiding portion for guiding, the operation of seating the bolt head and the nut on the washer can be easily performed. Then, when the bolt and nut are tightened, the washer loses its curve and deforms into a flat shape. Therefore, the washer stores a spring-like shape restoring force due to this deformation and performs the same function as a spring washer.

Further, the screw type fastener according to the seat of the present invention comprises:
A screw-type fastener having a structure in which a bolt having a non-circular head or a non-circular nut and a washer are integrally connected, wherein the washer is formed by stamping a plurality of crimping protrusions around a bolt through hole. Further, a plurality of spikes projecting in a direction opposite to the launching direction of the crimping protrusion are provided, and are formed in a curved shape so as to expand in the above-described direction, and a head or nut of a bolt is housed inside the plurality of crimping protrusions. By pressing the head or the nut in the thickness direction of the washer to deform the washer into a substantially flat shape, thereby pressing the crimping projection to the head or the nut. is there.

In this screw type fastener, since the bolt or nut and the washer are integrally connected, the spike of the washer bites into the object to prevent the washer and the bolt or the nut from rotating. Is done. In particular, with this screw-type fastener, the washer can be fixed to the bolt or nut only by a press or a similar pressing means without using a complicated means such as welding, so that the manufacturing cost can be reduced.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a screw-type fastener according to the fourth aspect, wherein the end face of the crimping projection on the side of the bolt through hole is moved in a direction in which the crimping projection is punched out. The bolt is inclined away from the center line of the bolt hole, and the dimension from approximately the middle of this end face to the center line of the bolt hole is the same as the dimension from the non-circular side surface of the bolt head or nut to the center. It is characterized by having made it. In this way, if the bolt head or nut is pressed when deforming the washer,
Since the head and nut of the bolt act to press the crimping projection outward and slightly crush it, this pressing further strengthens the crimping between the head and nut of the bolt and the crimping projection. .

[0014]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of a washer for bolt and nut assembly and a screw fastener according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. [1. First, each embodiment of a washer for assembling bolts and nuts will be described. Each of the embodiments shown in the drawings is of a type to be combined with a hexagon bolt and a hexagon nut.

[1-A. First Embodiment] (FIGS. 1 to 4) FIGS. 1 to 4 show a washer 1 according to a first embodiment. [1-A-1. Structure] (FIGS. 1 to 4) Each part of the washer 1
It is integrally formed by a relatively thick metal plate. The outer shape of the washer 1 as viewed from the plate thickness direction is basically a substantially square shape, and a circular bolt through hole 3 is formed in the center thereof. The four corners are on the rear side (upper right in FIG. 1). The wedge-shaped spike 5 is formed by bending toward the rear side (the direction toward the rear side) and pressing it so as to be thin to some extent. The diameter of the bolt through hole 3 is slightly larger than the nominal diameter d of the hexagonal bolt 11 (see FIG. 4) of a suitable size.

From the opening edge of the bolt hole 3, three detent pawls 7 are cut and raised substantially vertically toward the front. The detent pawls 7 each have a rectangular shape and are arranged at equal intervals on a circle concentric with the bolt passage hole 3.
The dimension L from the surface of the detent claw 7 facing the center line side of the bolt through hole 3 to the center line o of the bolt through hole 3 (FIG. 3)
) Is equal to or slightly larger than half the “two-sided width” B of the head 13 of the hexagonal bolt 11.

Therefore, the axis of the hexagonal bolt 11 is aligned with the center line of the bolt through hole 3 and its orientation around the axis is one of the six faces 13a of the head 13 as shown in FIG. When the direction is parallel to the inner surface of the detent claw 7 (hereinafter, referred to as “direction matching the claw”), the other two detent pawls 7 are also in contact with the other two surfaces 13 a of the head 13. Become parallel to each other.

A nut 17 (see FIG. 4) having the same width across flats B as the head 13 of the hexagon bolt 11 is also used.
3, if the center line is aligned with the center line of the bolt through hole 3 so as to be in the “alignment direction with the claw”, the three side faces 17 a come into close or light contact with the three detent claws 7. Become parallel to each other.

[1-A-2. Method of Use and Action] (FIG. 4) FIG. 4 shows an example of a method of using such a washer 1. In this figure, a washer 1 is used to join structural members 21 and 23 in a wooden building with a bolt and nut assembly using a hexagon bolt 11 and a nut 17, and the washer 1 is a washer on the hexagon bolt 11 side. We use as.

The work of attaching the bolt and nut assembly is performed, for example, as follows. First, while passing the shaft portion 15 of the hexagonal bolt 11 through the bolt through hole 3 of the washer 1 from the front side, the head 13 is seated on the front surface 1a of the washer 1 with the above-mentioned "direction to align with the claw". As a result, every other three of the six side surfaces 13a of the head 13 come into close proximity or lightly contact with the three detent claws 7, so that the head 1
3 cannot rotate with respect to the washer 1. That is, the hexagonal bolt 11 and the washer 1 are integrally engaged with each other in the direction around the axis.

From this state, the shaft 15 of the hexagon bolt 11 is
Bolt holes 25 formed through the structural members 21 and 23
When the washer 1 is slightly strongly applied to the structural material 21 and the spike 5 is lightly pierced into the structural material 21, the washer 1 is temporarily stopped on the structural material 21 and the rotation thereof is prevented. . Then, the shaft 15 coming out of the bolt hole 25
After passing the flat washer 27 on the nut side, the nut 17 is attached. The nut 17 is turned with a spanner or an impact driver and tightened against the hexagon bolt 11.

In this state, the washer 1 is prevented from rotating by the spike 5 biting into the structural material 21, and the detent claw 7 of the washer 1 prevents the hexagon bolt 11 from rotating. The operation of tightening the hexagon bolt 11 only requires turning the nut 17 unilaterally. This eliminates the need for a two-handed operation such as turning the nut with one hand while rotating the bolt with one hand, thereby enabling safe operation even at high places.

In FIG. 4, the washer 1 is used as a washer on the hexagonal bolt 11 side. However, in some cases, the washer 1 can be used as a washer on the nut 17 side.
In this case, since the rotation of the nut 17 is prevented, the screwing and tightening with the hexagonal bolt 11 turn the hexagonal bolt 11.

[1-B. Second Embodiment] (FIG. 5) FIG. 5 shows a second embodiment 1A of the washer 1 described above. The only difference between the washer 1A and the washer 1 described above is the shape of the tip of the detent claw 7. Therefore, the description will be made only with respect to this difference, and the remaining portions will be denoted by the same reference numerals as those assigned to the same parts in the washer 1 or the reference numerals with dashes attached thereto in the respective parts of the drawing. The description is omitted. The usage and meaning of such reference numerals are the same as those of the third embodiment described later and the screw type fastener.

The tips 7a of the detent pawls 7 are bent so as to open outward from each other. That is, it is bent in a direction away from the center line of the bolt passage hole 3. Accordingly, the head 13 of the bolt and the nut 1
Since the lock 7 can be easily housed inside the detent claw 7, the work of assembling the bolt and nut can be easily performed.

[1-C. Third Embodiment] (FIG. 6) FIG. 6 shows a washer 1B according to a third embodiment. The difference between this washer 1B and the washer 1 is that
The only thing is that the whole detent is curved like a bow so that the detent pawl 7 swells to the side where it is cut and raised. As a result of bending the whole of the washer 1B in this manner, the detent pawls 7 open outward from each other as they go toward the distal end side. Easy to fit inside. The detent of the bolt head 13 and the nut 17 functions around the base of the detent claw 7.

When the bolt 13 and the nut 17 are tightened, the bend of the washer 1B disappears and is deformed into a flat shape, or at least the bend becomes gentle. Since it comes into contact with the nut 17 and stores a spring-like shape restoring force due to being deformed into a flat shape, the washer 1B performs the same function as a spring washer, which also helps to prevent loosening after tightening.

[2. Screw Type Fastener] (FIGS. 7 to 10) Next, an embodiment 31 of the screw type fastener will be described.
The screw-type fastener 31 includes a washer 1C and a hexagon bolt 11.
And are integrally combined. The washer 1C has substantially the same form as that of the washer 1B, except that the means for preventing the bolt 11 from rotating around the head 13 is different. That is, this washer 1C is also integrally formed of a relatively thick metal plate at each part, and has a substantially square outer shape when viewed from the plate thickness direction, and has a circular bolt through hole at the center thereof. 3 'are formed and the four corners are machined into wedge-shaped spikes 5 bent backwards. The diameter of the bolt through hole 3 'is slightly larger than the nominal diameter d of the hexagonal bolt 11 of a suitable size.

From the position close to the bolt hole 3 ',
3 arranged at equal intervals around the axis of the bolt through hole 3 '.
The two crimping protrusions 33 are formed by being stamped forward by press working. The crimping protrusion 33 radially extends from the bolt through hole 3 ', and the vertical cross section (see FIG. 8) of the washer 1A along the plate thickness direction becomes more forward toward the end face 33a on the bolt through hole 3' side. The shape is inclined so that the protruding dimension becomes large, and the shape is cut and raised from the washer 1A only at this end face 33a. When viewed in this vertical cross section, the end face 33a is formed to bend in a gently bulging arc shape toward the bolt passage hole 3 'side, and to form slopes that widen forward. The height of the top of the crimping protrusion 33, that is, the height of the end face 33a,
The height of the head 13 of the bolt 11 is substantially double.

Before the washer 1C is connected to the hexagonal bolt 11, the washer 1C is bowed so as to bulge forward (upward in the figure) as shown in FIG. In this state, in this state, a dimension L ′ (see FIG. 9) from a substantially middle position of the end face 33 a of the crimping projection 33 to the center line o of the bolt through hole 3 ′ is determined by the head 13 of the hexagonal bolt 11. It is the same as half the “two-sided width”, that is, the dimension b from one side surface 13 a to the center of the head 13.

The hexagon bolt 11 is integrally connected to the washer 1C thus processed. This coupling is shown in FIG.
As shown in (B), the head 13 is pressed by pressing the shaft portion 15 of the hexagonal bolt 11 from the front side into the bolt through hole 3 'of the washer 1C placed on the jig 41 from the front side. The jig 41 has a substantially flat work mounting surface 41a which is smaller by about one turn than the washer 1C, and has a hole 41b penetrating in the vertical direction at the center thereof. The washer 1C is formed by
Is mounted on the work mounting surface 44a in a direction in which the bolt 11 comes upward, and the bolt 11 is inserted into the bolt through hole 3 'of the washer 1C and the hole 4 of the jig 41.
1b. At this time, as shown in FIG. 9, the direction of the head 13 is set so that the three side surfaces 13 a individually face the three crimping protrusions 33.

In this state, as shown in FIG. 10 (B), the head 13 rests substantially at an intermediate position between the end faces 33a of the three crimping projections 33. In this state, when the head 13 is pressed from directly above by a press device or the like, the head 13 presses each of the crimping protrusions 33 outward, and sits on the front surface 1a of the washer 1C while slightly crushing them. The washer 1C itself loses its curve by being pressed by the jig 41 and the head 13, and is deformed into a substantially flat shape. This variant is
Since the three crimping protrusions 33 act so as to approach the bolt through hole 3 ′, these three crimping protrusions 33 are firmly crimped to the side surface 13 a of the head 13.

The head 13 of the bolt 11 and the washer 1
The three crimping protrusions 33 of C are firmly crimped to each other, and the bolt 11 and the washer 1C are integrally connected. Therefore,
Even with this screw-type fastening tool 31, the bolt 11 is prevented from turning by the spike 5 biting into the structural material,
The work of screwing and tightening the nut to this bolt 11
You only need to turn the nut unilaterally.

In the drawings, a screw-type fastener having a hexagonal bolt 11 coupled to a washer 1C is shown. A nut having the same size as the bolt head 13 is coupled to the washer 1C. You can also.

The embodiment of the present invention has been described above.
The specific configuration of the present invention is not limited to this embodiment, and any change in design or the like without departing from the spirit of the present invention is also included in the present invention. In particular, it goes without saying that the number and shape of the detent pawls, the crimping protrusions, and the spikes in the present invention are not limited to those described in the embodiment.

Further, in the embodiment of the washer for assembling the bolt and nut, the detent claw is cut and raised from the opening edge of the bolt through-hole, but this detent is formed by cutting a groove from the outer peripheral edge of the washer. It may be made to wake up. The heads and nuts of the bolts to which the washer of the present invention can be combined are not limited to hexagons, and there is no particular limitation as long as they are square or other non-circular shapes.

[0037]

As described above, according to the washer for assembling a bolt and nut of the present invention, except for the initial work of screwing the nut to the bolt, the nut or bolt is tightened by simply turning the nut or bolt with one hand. Can be achieved, and work in high places can be performed safely. In addition, since the washer does not need to be integrated with the bolt or the nut by welding or the like, the manufacturing cost can be reduced, and the use of the bolt or the nut is not limited.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, the tip of the detent claw functions as a guide for guiding the bolt head or the nut to a predetermined seating position while sliding the nut or the nut. The operation of sitting on the washer can be easily performed.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, since the detent pawl becomes farther from the center line of the bolt passage hole toward the distal end side, the detent pawl slides the bolt head and the nut to a predetermined seat. Since it functions as a guide portion for guiding to the position, the operation of seating the bolt head and the nut on the washer can be easily performed. Then, when the bolt and nut are tightened, the washer loses its curve and deforms into a flat shape. Therefore, the washer stores a spring-like shape restoring force due to this deformation and performs the same function as a spring washer.

Further, according to the screw type fastener of the present invention, since the bolt or nut and the washer are integrally connected, the spike of the washer bites into the object so that the washer and the bolt or the nut are prevented from rotating. Is performed. In particular, with this screw-type fastener, the washer can be fixed to the bolt or nut only by a press or a similar pressing means without using a complicated means such as welding, so that the manufacturing cost can be reduced.

According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, when the head or the nut of the bolt is pressed when deforming the washer, the head or the nut of the bolt presses the crimping projection outward and presses it. This pressure acts to somewhat crush, and this pressing further strengthens the pressure contact between the bolt head and the nut and the pressure contact protrusion.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a first embodiment of a washer for assembling a bolt and nut of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the washer shown in FIG. 1 as viewed from another direction.

FIG. 3 is a front view of the washer shown in FIG.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing an example in which a bolt and nut assembly is configured using the washer shown in FIG.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a second embodiment of a washer for assembling a bolt and nut of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing a third embodiment of a washer for assembling a bolt and nut of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of the screw fastener of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is an enlarged sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is an enlarged front view of a washer in the screw fastener of FIG. 7;

FIG. 10 is a sectional view showing a manufacturing process of the screw-type fastener of FIG. 7 in order from (A) to (B).

[Explanation of symbols]

1 ... washer 5 ... spike 7 ... detent claw 11
... bolt 13 ... head 13a ... flat side surface of bolt 17 ... nut 17
a: Flat side surface of nut 1A: Washer for assembling bolt and nut 7a ... Tip of detent claw 1B ... Washer for assembling bolt and nut 31 ... Screw type fastener 1C ... Washer 3 '... Bolt through hole 33 ... Crimping protrusion Part 33a ... end face (of crimp projection)
... Center line of bolt through hole L '... Dimension from middle position of end face of crimping protrusion to center line of bolt through hole b ... Dimension from side to center of bolt head

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A washer for assembling a bolt and nut, wherein at least one of the head and the nut of the bolt is non-circular, wherein the non-circular bolt head or nut is seated on the washer and the bolt head or nut is provided. A washer for bolt and nut assembly, wherein a washer is formed by cutting and raising a detent claw in contact with the flat side surface of the bolt, and a plurality of spikes are provided protruding in a direction opposite to a direction in which the detent is formed. 2. The washer for bolt and nut assembly according to claim 1, wherein the tip of the rotation preventing claw is bent in a direction away from the center line of the bolt through hole. . 3. The washer for bolt and nut assembly according to claim 1, wherein the whole is curved so as to bulge toward the side where the detent claw is cut and raised. Washer. 4. A screw-type fastener having a structure in which a bolt having a non-circular head or a non-circular nut and a washer are integrally connected, wherein the washer is provided with a plurality of crimping protrusions around a bolt through hole. A plurality of spikes are formed by embossing and protruding in a direction opposite to a direction in which the crimping protrusions are ejected, and are formed in a curved shape so as to expand in the above-described direction. By pressing the head or nut in the thickness direction of the washer from the state where the part or the nut is housed and deforming the washer into a substantially flat shape, the crimping protrusion is crimped to the head or the nut. Characteristic screw type fastener. 5. The screw-type fastener according to claim 4, wherein the end face of the crimping projection on the side of the bolt through-hole is separated from the center line of the bolt through-hole as the crimping projection is projected. Screw-type tightening, characterized in that the dimensions from the intermediate position of this end face to the center line of the bolt through hole are the same as the dimensions from the non-circular side surface of the bolt head or nut to the center. Utensils.