JP2002106820A - Apparatus for melt treatment of waste such as incineration ash - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a simple and small-sized apparatus for melt treatment of waste such as incineration ash, in which coke or carbon which is non-reactive with molten slag is employed for a bed layer, and detriment of excessive combustion occurring at that time can be restrained by controlling the oxygen-feeding amount. SOLUTION: In a melting furnace for melt treatment of waste such as incineration ash, a combustion chamber 11, and a grate 21 are provided. The chamber 11 is arranged in the lower part of the melting furnace to allow molten slag to reside temporarily. The grate 21 is arranged above the combustion chamber 11 to promote the ascent of a decomposed gas and drop of the molten slag. A bed layer 20 formed of coke and/or carbon which is non-reactive with molten slag is provided above the grate 21. A combustion detector is provided in a part of the chamber 11 for sensing the concentration of carbon monoxide. An oxygen-feeding device 50 and fuel-feeding device 12 are provided to control the chamber to the state of somewhat imperfect combustion in the inside upon receiving a command of the combustion detector.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus for melting and processing waste such as incineration ash, and more particularly, to disposing coke or carbon in a bed layer and slightly incompletely burning the bed layer. The present invention relates to an apparatus for treating a molten slag and a bed layer in a state where they are not reacted with each other.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art The components of incinerated ash are generally CaO 15-1.
_{6%, SiO 2 35~36%,} Al 2 O 3 17~18
%, And about 3%, from 1300 to 180
It melts at a temperature of 0 ° C., but conventionally, the incineration ash melting device is a large and complicated device, and simple treatment is impossible.

The inventor of the present invention has attempted to develop a processing apparatus in which a combustion chamber for burning waste oil and the like is provided at the bottom and a refractory bed layer is provided, in order to develop a relatively small and simple apparatus. . However, if ceramics were used for the refractory pieces in the same device, as the treatment progressed, the alumina contained in the ceramics reacted with some of the incineration ash, increasing the viscosity of the slag and causing the molten slag to flow. A phenomenon has been elicited that diminishes sex and worsens emissions.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned situation, and uses a coke or carbon which is not reactive with a molten slag for a bed layer. The aim is to develop a compact and simple device that can be suppressed by adjusting the supply amount.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The melt processing apparatus of the present invention comprises:
In a melting furnace for melting waste such as incineration ash, a combustion chamber for temporarily retaining slag after melting is disposed in a lower part of the melting furnace, and a roster for facilitating dripping of the molten slag under the combustion chamber. And a bed layer made of coke and / or carbon not reacting with the molten slag is formed thereon,
An oxygen supply device and a fuel, wherein a combustion detector for sensing the concentration of carbon monoxide is provided in a part of the combustion chamber, and the interior of the combustion chamber can be adjusted to a slightly incomplete combustion state in response to a command from the combustion detector. A supply device is provided, and waste is put into the melting furnace to perform a melting process.

[0006]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A melt processing apparatus according to the present invention comprises a combustion chamber 10 for burning waste oil and the like in a lower part, a bed layer 20 above a rostrum, and a melting chamber 30 for depositing and melting waste S such as incineration ash. , And the input unit 40.

In the combustion chamber 10, a control unit 1 for temporarily storing the molten slag at the bottom and burning oil or the like is provided.
3 faces the burner 11 connected to the fuel supply device 12 provided with the fuel supply device 3. Temporarily retaining the slag after melting is
This is for storing the heat of the slag and efficiently keeping the temperature in the combustion chamber 10 at a high temperature. The fuel of the burner 11 includes
Any kind of waste oil, virgin oil, etc. can be used.

On the combustion chamber 10, there is disposed a roster 21 for promoting the rising of hot air and dripping of molten slag, and a bed layer 20 for supporting incineration ash is disposed thereon.

The bed layer 20 is made of coke and carbon which hardly react with molten slag. Coke refers to general coke. Carbon is, for example, graphite used for an electrode rod or an electrode plate. , And the wastes used for the hearth of the blast furnace can be used.

Next, a carbon monoxide detector 51 for detecting the concentration of carbon monoxide and detecting the combustion state is provided below a part of the combustion chamber 10, for example, the roastle 21. This is because, as described above, when coke and carbon, which are not reactive with molten slag, are used in the bed layer, the coke and the like are combustible, so that combustion in the combustion chamber 10 leads to excessive combustion, and excess oxygen is removed. When it rises, it burns the coke and carbon and impairs bed characteristics. Therefore, the supply of oxygen to the bed layer 20 is cut off by setting the combustion in the combustion chamber 10 to an incomplete combustion state as little as possible. Therefore, a carbon monoxide detector 51 capable of sensitively detecting the combustion state is made to face the combustion chamber.

An oxygen supply device 50 having a control unit 52 for adjusting the amount of oxygen in the room in response to a command from the detector 51 is provided. As the oxygen supply device 50, an oxygen enrichment device using zeolite, a device using an oxygen enrichment membrane, and an device using an oxygen cylinder or an oxygen tank can be used. The apparatus using zeolite, utilizing the property that the synthetic zeolite selectively adsorbs nitrogen, by bringing air into contact with the zeolite and selectively adsorbing nitrogen, the air with less nitrogen remaining, that is, It produces air having a high oxygen content, and can produce oxygen with a purity of about 93%. An oxygen-enriched membrane is a device that provides a pressure difference on both sides of the enriched membrane so that oxygen on the atmosphere side dissolves on the membrane surface, diffuses and moves in the membrane, and is released from the membrane surface on the decompression side. To get enriched air,
It is possible to produce air with 32% oxygen. The oxygen cylinder or the oxygen tank is obtained by enclosing a liquid obtained by liquefying oxygen in the cylinder or the tank, and pure oxygen can be easily obtained.

The oxygen supply device 50 is selected according to its purpose. A control unit 52 of the oxygen supply device 50 and a control unit 13 of the fuel supply device 12 are connected to a carbon monoxide detector 51. The control leads the combustion in the combustion chamber 10 to an incomplete combustion state as much as possible.

At this time, instead of adjusting the air flow rate, the oxygen concentration is adjusted by adjusting the air flow rate.
When a large amount of oxygen needs to be supplied, increasing the amount of air
This is to prevent the ventilation volume from increasing and dissipating heat, thereby reducing thermal efficiency.

Further, a melting chamber 30 is formed on the bed layer 20 for melting the accumulated waste such as incinerated ash with the hot air rising through the bed layer 20.

On top of that, an input section 40 for introducing waste such as discarded incineration ash is provided.

Next, the operation of the device of the present invention will be described. First, the incineration ash that has been agglomerated into a bean tongue or the incineration ash that has been agglomerated by kneading with cement is dropped from the charging section 40 using a charging machine or the like. However, the incinerated ash is not limited to agglomerated one, and may be supplied as a powder.

Then, the burner 11 is ignited to raise the temperature inside the furnace, and to guide the inside of the furnace to a high temperature of about 1500 to 1800 ° C. Then, as described above, CaO, SiO ₂ , A
The incinerated ash mainly composed of l ₂ O ₃ or the like reaches the melting point, and a part of the molten slag is dropped on the bottom of the combustion chamber 10 through the rostrum 21.

At this time, the bed layer 20 forms a space for melting the incinerated ash by the heat generated in the combustion chamber 10. By the way, when the molten slag flows down, as described above, if the bed layer contains an alumina component or the like, there is a fear that adverse effects such as a reaction with the slag and an increase in viscosity may occur, but the bed layer is formed of coke or the like. Since the bed layer 20 hardly reacts chemically with the alumina component or the like, the molten slag can flow down smoothly.

Next, the combustion in the combustion chamber 10 continues,
When the excess combustion occurs, excess oxygen increases, reaches the bed layer 20, and may burn combustible coke and carbon. That is, as described above, coke and carbon are suitable as a bed layer because they are non-reactive with molten slag, but because they are flammable themselves, they burn when excess oxygen is present and impair the function as a bed layer. Become.

Therefore, in the apparatus of the present invention, first, a carbon monoxide detector 51 provided below the rostral 21 is operated, and its concentration is measured by the oxygen supply apparatus 50 and the fuel supply apparatus 1.
2 to the respective control units 52 and 13. The carbon monoxide detector 51 is an excellent sensor for sensitively detecting the combustion state. For example, if the concentration is 0.5 vol% or less, complete combustion of almost no carbon monoxide is generated. It is in a state and may lead to overburning. On the other hand, if the concentration is 2 vol% or more, it is determined that combustion is not excessive due to generation of carbon monoxide, but rather is in an incomplete combustion state. Therefore, since excessive carbon monoxide should be suppressed while avoiding excessive combustion, the incomplete combustion state is set to a value as small as possible. Therefore, it is desirable that the concentration of the carbon monoxide is specifically in the range of 0.5 to 2 vol%.
Since the generated carbon monoxide is burned in a subsequent step, there is no adverse effect, and the carbon monoxide can be in a range exceeding 2%.

The concentration of carbon monoxide is controlled by the control unit 5.
When transmitted to the control units 2 and 13, the computer of the control mechanism programmed in advance is operated, and in response to the command, the oxygen supply device 50 and the fuel supply device 12 adjust the supply amounts of oxygen and fuel, and Is increased or decreased. as a result,
The inside of the combustion chamber 10 can be adjusted so as to supply a sufficient amount of heat to melt the slag to the upper portion, but to maintain the room in a slightly incomplete combustion state in which coke or carbon does not burn.

At this time, according to the apparatus using the zeolite, it is possible to send out oxygen having a high oxygen content and a purity of about 93% by utilizing the property that the synthetic zeolite selectively adsorbs nitrogen. Further, according to the oxygen-enriched film apparatus, air of 32% oxygen can be supplied from the atmosphere at a relatively low cost by utilizing the diffusion diffusion movement of oxygen caused by a pressure difference on both surfaces of the enriched film. . Although oxygen cylinders are expensive, pure oxygen can be easily obtained.

Further, since the combustion is adjusted not by adjusting the flow rate of air but by adjusting the supply of oxygen, the amount of ventilation is reduced.
The better the thermal efficiency is. For example, if the conventional air is 56
When 0 Nm ³ / h was required, the oxygen present therein was 118 Nm ³ / h. However, when 50% pure oxygen was supplied by an oxygen supply device, 50 Nm ³
If it brought into / h 280Nm ³ / h mixing air well, so that requires only the supply amount of whole 340Nm ³ / h.

The molten slag obtained in this way is dropped through the holes of the roaster 21 and is stored at the bottom of the combustion chamber. After functioning to keep the combustion chamber at a high temperature, it flows down from the discharge port.
The process is shifted to the original pulverizing process and the like, and this process is sequentially repeated.

Although the incineration ash has been described as an example of the object of the above treatment, the invention is not limited to this as long as the waste can be treated according to the same principle. It can be widely applied to metal scraps and others.

[0026]

The present invention has the following effects based on the above configuration and operation. (1) A relatively small melting device using waste oil or the like as a fuel can be obtained simply, and the slag is formed while forming a bed layer with coke or the like that is not reactive with the molten slag, while ensuring smooth fluidity. Can be discharged. (2) Since the combustion state can be maintained in a slightly incomplete combustion state by a carbon monoxide detector or the like, the function can be maintained without damaging a bed of combustible coke or the like. (3) With the oxygen supply device, the combustion can be adjusted by oxygen without adjusting the flow rate of air, so that the ventilation amount is reduced and efficient combustion is possible.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the device of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Combustion chamber 11 Burner 12 Fuel supply device 13 Control part 20 Bed layer 21 Rostor 30 Melting chamber 40 Input part 50 Oxygen supply device 51 Carbon monoxide detector 52 Control part

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) B09B 3/00 F23J 1/00 B F23G 5/24 ZAB C22B 7/00 F F23J 1/00 7/02 A // C22B 7/00 B09B 3/00 ZAB 7/02 303L F term (reference) 3K061 AA16 AB03 AC03 BA07 CA01 DB18 NB03 NB08 NB30 3K062 AA16 AB03 AC03 BA02 BB04 CA00 CB03 DA23 DB05 DB12 4D004 AA36 CA03 CB34 DA02 CC DA10 DA20 4K001 BA12 BA14 BA15 BA22 DA05 EA03 GA01 GB11 GB12 HA01 JA01

Claims (2)

[Claims] In a melting furnace for melting waste such as incineration ash, a combustion chamber for temporarily retaining slag after melting is provided in a lower part of the melting furnace, and a molten slag is provided below the combustion chamber. A combustion chamber for detecting the concentration of carbon monoxide in a part of the combustion chamber, in which a roster for promoting the dropping of water is provided, and a bed of coke and / or carbon which does not react with the molten slag is formed thereon. In addition, an oxygen supply device and a fuel supply device capable of adjusting the interior of the room to a slightly incomplete combustion state in response to a command from the combustion detector are provided. A melt processing apparatus characterized by performing processing. 2. The melt processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of carbon monoxide is detected in a range of 0.5 to 2 vol%.