JP2002102818A - Garbage disposer - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a garbage disposer that solves difficulties of positioning of a catalyst and the problems that the deodorizing efficiency is low in a conventional disposer. SOLUTION: The garbage disposer is composed of a catalyst having a deodorizing device 24, which deodorizes a gas exhausted from a vessel 16, positioned in a gas passage part which is connected approximately in a right angle with a gas inflow part in which the gas is influent, and is characterized in that the deodorizing ability is high and odor generated from a waste such as garbage is extremely reduced.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a garbage disposal apparatus for decomposing odors with a catalyst.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, garbage processing apparatuses for decomposing garbage generated from kitchens and canteens have become widespread. A garbage disposal system can decompose garbage to a form that has no adverse effect on the environment, for example, liquefy and dispose of it in water, or recycle gas generated when garbage is decomposed as a fuel source. It is a very user-friendly product.

[0003] However, a disadvantage is that offensive odors are generated during the decomposition process of garbage. Therefore, development of a deodorizing device that oxidizes this malodorous component gas and the like to make it harmless and odorless is urgently required.

[0004] The catalyst used in this deodorizing device includes:
Materials such as noble metal-based metals such as platinum and palladium, heavy metal-based compounds such as manganese, and perovskite-based composite oxides are used after being processed into pellets, mats, nets, honeycombs, and the like. However, when a gaseous reactant is used, a honeycomb-like one having a small airflow resistance and a large mechanical strength is often used.

[0005] These oxidation catalysts have low reactivity at room temperature, and in order to increase the reactivity of the catalyst, it is necessary to raise the reaction gas temperature or the catalyst temperature to about 200 ° C or more in a dry state. For this reason, it is not necessary to heat the reaction gas when the reaction gas introduced into the catalyst is sufficiently higher than 200 ° C., as in the case of combustion exhaust gas. Was required to be heated to 200 ° C. or higher by a heater such as a heater.

The configuration of the heater includes a heater that surrounds the exhaust passage supporting the above-mentioned catalyst such as a honeycomb and is heated from the outside by a heater such as a heater, or a reaction gas before being introduced into the catalyst. What was previously heated with a heater was common.

[0007]

However, the garbage treatment layer provided with this deodorizing device has the following problems.

That is, since the dimensional accuracy of the catalyst is not good, a gap is often formed between the metal case holding the catalyst and the catalyst, and it is often difficult to position the catalyst. Along with this, the metal case tends to have a complicated structure, which has been a problem in reducing costs.

In order to increase the reactivity of the catalyst, it is necessary to heat the reaction gas in the vicinity of the catalyst or the catalyst itself to a predetermined temperature or higher by a heater. In a configuration in which the periphery is surrounded by a heater such as a heater, heat is often not effectively transmitted from the heater to the catalyst, resulting in heat dissipation loss. In particular, the reaction gas in the vicinity of the catalyst or the catalyst itself is heated to 400 ° C. at which a good reaction
In order to achieve the above, it is important to enhance the heat insulation performance with a simple configuration.

Furthermore, when used indoors, it is necessary not only to ensure safety but also to completely seal the odor. That is, since the catalyst has a large pressure loss with respect to the exhaust gas, there is a problem that when a deodorizing device is connected, odor is leaked from a part of the device. There is also a problem that sulfur oxides and chlorine compounds, which are difficult to treat even with a catalyst, are discharged from the deodorizing device and adversely affect equipment due to corrosion and the like.

Further, in order to enhance the reactivity of the catalyst, it is necessary to heat the catalyst or the reaction gas in the vicinity of the catalyst to a predetermined temperature or higher by a heater, but the temperature of the catalyst or the reaction gas in the vicinity of the catalyst is not uniform. In many cases, it has been difficult to select a temperature detection position and a temperature detection unit. Moreover, in order to heat to a high temperature, the wall surface temperature of the heater must be increased, but the temperature of the catalyst or the reaction gas in the vicinity of the catalyst has low response compared to the temperature of the heater. For this reason, the method of detecting the temperature of the catalyst or the reaction gas in the vicinity of the catalyst has a problem that the wall surface temperature of the heater locally increases during the heating of the catalyst, and the life of the heater decreases.

In particular, since there is a close correlation between the wall surface temperature of the heater and the service life, it is necessary in practice to accurately detect the wall surface temperature of the heater in order to strictly guarantee the service life.
In many cases, radiant heat from the heater wall was not effectively transmitted to the catalyst, resulting in heat loss.

If the temperature distribution of the reaction gas in the vicinity of the catalyst is non-uniform and there is a low-temperature portion of less than 200 ° C., the required input of the heater becomes excessive due to the rise in the temperature of the low-temperature portion, and the heating increases. There was also a problem that the efficiency was reduced.

Further, it is very difficult to heat the catalyst uniformly and at a temperature higher than the activation temperature, and the temperature becomes uneven, so that the catalyst cannot be used effectively or a load is imposed on the heater. The ability cannot be demonstrated or the life is short.

The present invention solves these conventional problems and provides a garbage disposal apparatus using a deodorizing apparatus capable of holding a catalyst with a simple structure, having excellent heat insulation performance, and having a low pressure loss, and a heater. An object of the present invention is to provide a garbage disposal apparatus that can extend the service life and perform accurate temperature control.

[0016]

According to the present invention, there is provided a deodorizing apparatus for deodorizing gas discharged from a container in a gas passage portion which communicates with a gas inlet portion into which the gas flows substantially perpendicularly. And a heater for heating the catalyst, so that the gas flow generated from the container is disturbed while promoting the diffusion and mixing, so that the temperature distribution of the catalyst is made uniform. Works, has high deodorizing performance,
A garbage disposal system that can significantly reduce the odor generated from waste such as garbage.

[0017]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, a deodorizing device for deodorizing a gas discharged from a container is located in a gas passage portion communicating with a gas inflow portion into which the gas flows substantially orthogonally. The catalyst is constituted by a heater for heating the catalyst, and while the gas flow generated from the container generates turbulence, diffusion mixing is promoted, and the temperature distribution of the catalyst acts to be uniform, The garbage disposal device has high deodorizing performance and can significantly reduce the odor generated from waste such as garbage.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, the gas passage portion is disposed substantially vertically, the gas inflow portion is disposed on the lower side, and the gas outflow portion is disposed on the upper side, thereby utilizing natural convection (draft). In addition, the garbage disposal apparatus can effectively reduce pressure loss from the lower gas inflow section to the upper gas outflow section, and can significantly reduce odor.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, by providing a fixing means for fixing the catalyst at a predetermined position in the gas passage portion, the position where the catalyst is disposed can be reliably determined, pressure loss can be reduced, and odor can be reduced. And a garbage disposal system that can significantly reduce

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the heater is formed in a rod shape and penetrates near the center of the catalyst. The garbage disposal device can transmit the radiant heat of the catalyst to the catalyst and can significantly reduce the odor.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, a catalyst is divided into a plurality of parts, and a gap is provided between each of the catalysts, so that a plurality of catalysts can be easily positioned and the garbage processing can be facilitated. Equipment.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, a spacer is disposed in the gap to promote diffusion and mixing while generating turbulence in the gas flow, thereby acting to make the temperature distribution of the catalyst uniform. Therefore, the garbage disposal apparatus has high deodorizing performance and can significantly reduce the odor generated from waste such as garbage.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, the output per unit area of the heater in the vicinity of the gas outlet is larger than the output per unit area of the other portions, so that the temperature of the entire catalyst is uniformly high. The garbage disposal system is capable of keeping the maximum temperature of the heater at a low temperature and keeping deodorization with high efficiency.

According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, the output per unit area of the heater near the gas inlet and the gas outlet is larger than the output per unit area of the other parts.
The temperature of the entire catalyst is kept uniformly high, the maximum temperature on the surface of the heater can be kept low, and a highly efficient deodorizing garbage processing apparatus is provided.

[0025]

(Embodiment 1) An embodiment of the present invention will be described below. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the garbage processing machine showing the configuration of the present embodiment. The inner container 16 for storing garbage is provided with a rotary blade 17 and a fixed blade 18, and above the inner container 16, a heater 19 used as a heater and a drying fan 20 are installed. The inner container 16 is a container for storing garbage to be dried, and it is desirable that a handle (not shown) or the like be attached to an upper portion of the inner container 16 so as to be detachable and portable. In order to prevent garbage and refuse after the drying treatment from sticking, it is desirable that the inner surface of the inner container 16 be subjected to a sticking prevention treatment using a fluorine resin or the like. Outside the inner container 16, a heat insulating container 21, an outer container 22
Is provided. As the heat insulating container 21, a vacuum heat insulating container in which the inside is evacuated is effective, but a heat insulating material is sealed in the inside or a heat insulating container is formed by a heat insulating effect of the material of the heat insulating container 21 (synthetic resin or the like). It may be something.

Downstream of the outer container 22, a condensing container 23 and a deodorizing device 24 are provided. For cooling the outer container 22,
A cooling fan 25 is provided, and an exhaust hood 2 is
6 are installed. Drying heater 19 and drying fan 20
Is installed on the lid 27. An operation unit 28 is provided near the lid 27.
Is provided. A control unit 29 is provided near the outer container 22. The outlet of the deodorizing device 24 is located outside the garbage disposer.

The operation of this embodiment will be described below.
When the garbage is heated by operating the drying heater 19 and the drying fan 20, steam is generated from the garbage. This water vapor moves from the inner container 16 to the outer container 22. Outer container 2
Since 2 is cooled by the cooling fan 25, the water vapor condenses on the inner wall of the outer container 22, and the condensed water droplets are stored in the condensing container 23. Then, the steam gas containing the remaining odor moves to the deodorizing device 24 and is oxidized and deodorized, and then discharged from the exhaust hood 26. By locating the outlet of the deodorizer 24 outside the garbage disposer, even if sulfur oxides and chlorine compounds that are difficult to treat even with the catalyst 1 are discharged from the deodorizer 24, adverse effects on the equipment can be avoided. .

FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing the structure of the catalyst used in the deodorizing device 24. The catalyst 1 is formed by supporting a platinum group noble metal on the surface of a honeycomb-shaped support made of cordierite ceramic. The catalyst 1 has a substantially cylindrical shape, and has a rod-shaped heater 2 penetrating near the center of the catalyst 1. The heater 2 generates heat by a heat generating portion 2 a indicated by a broken line, and the temperature is detected by a temperature sensor 3 disposed inside the heater 2. In this embodiment, an electric heater is used for the heater 2, but the heating source is not particularly limited.

The catalyst 1 is fixed by inserting a catalyst holding material 5 between the catalyst 1 and the gas passage 4. As the gas passage portion 4, a pipe formed in a substantially vertical direction is used. Below the gas passage section 4 (upstream side), a step pushing section 6 as fixing means for positioning the catalyst 1 is provided.

The catalyst 1 is divided into a plurality of portions in the gas passage portion 4, and a stretchable C
A gap is provided by disposing a ring-shaped spacer 7.
Two flange portions 8 are joined to the outer surface of the gas passage portion 4, and a heat insulating material 9 is provided between the two flange portions 8. The heat insulating material 9 is fixed by a heat insulating material holder 10.

The heat insulating material holder 10 is a combination of two members of the same shape having a protruding portion 10a and an insertion hole 10b. A thermal fuse (overheating prevention device) 11 is installed in the flange portion 8.

The gas passage 4 is formed in the vicinity of both ends by a pipe so that the gas inflow portion 12 is on the lower side and the gas outflow portion 13 is on the upper side. ing. A gas passage cover 14 is provided at a downstream end of the gas passage 4, and a heater fixing portion 15 is provided at an upstream end of the gas passage 4.

The catalyst 1 is energized to the heater 2 so that the heater 2
By activating the catalyst 1 by raising the wall surface temperature of the condensing container 23, the odorous gas generated from the condensation container 23 is decomposed.

At this time, the rod-shaped heater 2 is penetrated near the center of the catalyst 1, and the catalyst 1 is heated from the inside, thereby reducing heat radiation loss and effectively transferring the radiant heat of the heater 2 to the catalyst 1. It can be conveyed. That is, the catalyst 1 can be heated up to the activation temperature in a short time, and can be decomposed with high efficiency. Further, since the temperature is detected by providing the temperature sensor 3 inside the heater 2, temperature control with high accuracy and excellent responsiveness can be performed.

Further, according to the present embodiment, a plurality of catalysts 1 are provided, and a C-ring-shaped spacer
Is press-fitted. For this reason, a plurality of catalysts 1 can be positioned with a simple configuration. A space is formed between the catalysts 1 by the spacers 7, but the reaction gas passing through the inside of the catalyst 1 is disturbed in this space, and the convective heat transfer characteristic from the catalyst 1 to the reaction gas is improved, so that the heating efficiency is also improved. Enhanced.

After the temperature of the catalyst 1 rises to the activation temperature in this way, a reaction gas containing a harmful component and a malodorous component flows into the deodorizer 24 from the gas inflow section 12. When the reaction gas passes through the catalyst 1 in the gas passage portion 4, it is heated and oxidized by convection heat transfer from the surface of the catalyst 1 and is harmless.
It becomes odorless and is exhausted from the gas outlet 13.

Here, by arranging the gas passage portion 4 substantially vertically, the gas inflow portion 12 on the lower side, and the gas outflow portion 13 on the upper side, natural convection (draft) is utilized to effectively lower the gas. The pressure loss from the gas inlet 12 on the side to the gas outlet 13 on the upper side can be reduced.

Further, since the temperature sensor 3 is provided inside the heater 2, the influence of the ambient temperature can be eliminated, the accuracy of detecting the temperature of the heater 2 can be improved, and the temperature of the heater 2 rises locally. Without doing so, the life of the heater 2 can be extended.

In this embodiment, the temperature sensor 3 is provided in the heater 2 inside the heater. However, the temperature sensor 3 may be provided directly in contact with the inside of the wall surface of the heater 2.
As a result, temperature control with higher accuracy and excellent responsiveness can be performed. Also, when overheating, the heater 2
Since the highest temperature can be detected, safety can be secured most effectively. Furthermore, since the temperature sensor 3 can be integrated without being provided separately from the heater 2, the configuration as a catalytic reactor can be simplified.

Further, since the gas passage portion 4 is formed by a pipe and the gas inflow portion 12 and the gas outflow portion 13 are communicated near both ends of the gas passage portion 4, the structure is simplified and the gas passage portion is formed. 4 has good dimensional accuracy such as roundness and cylindricity, and the retention of the catalyst 1 is also improved.

Further, by providing the stepped portion 6 at a predetermined position in the gas passage portion 4, the catalyst 1 can be easily positioned at the time of assembly, and the number of members is not increased. In the present embodiment, the step pushing portion 6 is provided below the gas passage portion 4 (upstream side). However, the setting location and shape are not limited as long as the catalyst 1 can be positioned. For example, FIG.
The positioning can be easily performed by providing the ring 6 as shown in FIG.

In this embodiment, the inflow portion 12 is arranged so as to be substantially orthogonal to the gas passage portion 4. For this reason, the gas flowing into the catalyst 1 generates turbulence, promotes diffusion and mixing, acts to make the temperature distribution of the catalyst uniform, has high deodorizing performance, and is generated from waste such as garbage. The garbage disposal system can significantly reduce the odor generated.

In the present embodiment, the outflow portion 13 is configured to communicate with the gas passage portion 4 almost perpendicularly. Therefore, the temperature of the exhaust gas can be lowered. Therefore, a garbage disposal apparatus which can reduce the thermal stress of the structure and can be used for a long time is realized.

In this embodiment, between the gas inflow section 12 and the gas outflow section 13, the outer surface of the gas flow section 4 is joined.
The two flange portions 8 are located, and the two flange portions 8
A heat insulating material 9 is installed between them, and a heat insulating material holder 10 for fixing the heat insulating material 9 is provided. With this configuration,
The heat insulation performance can be improved with a simple configuration. In particular, even when the temperature of the catalyst 1 or the reaction gas in the vicinity of the catalyst 1 is set to 400 ° C. or more, the heat radiation loss is reduced and the catalyst 1
Can effectively transmit heat. By combining two members of the same shape having the protrusion 10a and the insertion hole 10b as the heat insulating material holder 10, cost reduction can be achieved.

Further, since the flange portion 8 is joined to the gas passage portion 4, by installing a temperature fuse (overheating prevention device) 11 in the flange portion 8, the response accuracy can be improved.
Safety against fire and the like can be ensured.

(Embodiment 2) Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing the structure of the catalyst used in the garbage processing apparatus of the present embodiment. Reference numeral 31 denotes a heater, which generates heat by a commercial AC power supplied from a terminal 45. Reference numeral 33 denotes a cylindrical, honeycomb-shaped catalyst which is heated by the heater 31 to oxidize, decompose, and deodorize the odor component of the gas flowing from the gas inlet 35. The deodorized gas is exhausted through the gas outlet 36. Numeral 34 denotes an outer cylinder which supports the whole and has a structure in which gas does not leak. 37, 3
Numerals 8 and 39 respectively show a portion of the heater 31 near the downstream end of the catalyst, a portion of the heater 31 near the central portion of the catalyst, and a portion of the heater 31 near the upstream end of the catalyst for convenience. It is.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing the internal structure of the heater 31. The heater 31 is a pipe 4 made of stainless steel or the like.
0, a filler 41 made of magnesia or the like, and a heater wire 42 made of nickel chromium or the like.

Hereinafter, this embodiment will be described in detail.

When electricity is supplied from a power supply unit (not shown) connected to the terminal 45, the heater wire 42 inside the heater 31
Generates heat. At this time, as shown in FIG. 4, since the heater wire 42 changes the distance between the windings, the amount of heat generated is large when the coil is densely wound and small when the coil is coarsely wound. Therefore, the heater 3 near the downstream end of the catalyst 3
1 and a portion 39 of the heater 31 near the catalyst upstream end, a portion 38 of the heater 31 near the center of the catalyst.
The heating output per unit area is larger than that. However, when the surface temperatures of the corresponding pipes 40 are compared with each other, there is also heat conduction, so that the heating power becomes nearly uniform as compared with the difference in heating output.

At this time, if the pitch of the heater windings 42 is made constant, the heating output becomes constant, and the temperature distribution on the surface becomes higher toward the center and becomes non-uniform.

The specific amounts vary greatly depending on the size of the catalyst and the output and length of the heater 31. According to the experiment on which the present embodiment was based, the maximum temperature of the heater 31 surface decreased by 100 ° C. or more due to the same power input, and the heater 31 surface temperature near both ends of the catalyst increased by 120 ° C. or more. The degree has greatly increased.

The catalyst 33 is heated by the heat generated by the heater 31. In this embodiment, the catalyst 33 is made of calcium aluminate as a carrier and platinum supported thereon, and its activation temperature is slightly different depending on the odor component, but is about 200 ° C. when the exhaust gas is dry. Therefore, the temperature of the catalyst 3 must be at least 200 ° C. or higher. Furthermore, under conditions where the exhaust gas contains water vapor,
A higher temperature state, that is, a temperature of 350 ° C. or more is required.

When the same heating output is used at both ends and the central portion of the heater 31, in order to maintain the catalyst temperature at 200.degree. A larger input (electric power) is required as compared with a heater using a heater having a different heating output.
The surface temperature becomes extremely high. If the surface temperature of the heater 31 is high, the durability of the pipe 40 and the heater wire 42 will be reduced. If the input is lowered to lower the maximum temperature of the heater 31 surface to maintain durability, the temperature distribution of the catalyst becomes non-uniform, and a portion that does not reach the activation temperature is generated. In this case, good deodorizing performance cannot be expected.

In other words, in the catalyst treatment apparatus having the structure as in the present embodiment according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a highly durable catalyst treatment apparatus with low power consumption without deteriorating performance.

The catalyst 33 thus heated so as to have a uniform temperature distribution oxidizes and decomposes the odor component passing through the gas inlet 35 and deodorizes it, and is exhausted from the gas outlet 36 as a gas having no odor. You.

As described above, the specific amount varies greatly depending on the amount of the target gas, the catalyst used, and the heater 31. It does not refer to the degree of difference in heating output or the amount of the ratio of the range, but refers to means for lowering the temperature of the low-temperature portion of the catalyst and increasing the temperature of the high-temperature portion of the heater 31 surface. Is what it is.

[0058]

According to the invention as set forth in claims 1 to 8, it is possible to realize a garbage processing apparatus having high deodorizing performance and capable of remarkably reducing the odor generated from waste such as garbage.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a garbage processing apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the deodorizing device.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a catalyst used in a garbage processing apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing the internal structure of the heater.

[Description of Signs] 1 catalyst 2 heater 3 temperature sensor 4 gas passage 5 catalyst holding material 6 fixing means (stepped portion) 7 spacer 8 flange 9 heat insulating material 10 heat insulating material holder 11 temperature fuse 12 gas inflow portion 13 Gas outlet 19 Drying heater 20 Drying fan 21 Insulated container 22 Outer container 23 Condenser container 24 Deodorizer 27 Lid 31 Heater 33 Catalyst 35 Gas inlet 36 Gas outlet

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Jiro Suzuki 1006 Kadoma Kadoma, Osaka Prefecture Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Tetsuo Terashima 1006 Kadoma Kadoma Kadoma City, Osaka Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. 72) Inventor Nora Ono 1006 Kadoma Kadoma, Osaka Pref. Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Hiroshi Nishida 1006 Odaka Kadoma, Kadoma City Osaka Pref. Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. 1006, Kadoma, Kazuma, Kadoma, Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Shuji Asada 1006, Kadoma, Kadoma, Kadoma, Osaka (72) Inventor Tadashi Suzuki 1006 Oaza Kadoma, Kadoma City, Osaka Matsushita Electric Industry Co., Ltd. in the F-term (reference) 4D004 AA03 AC01 BA03 CA04 CA22 CA32 CA42 CA48 CB04 CB12 CB27 CB32 CC02

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. A deodorizing apparatus comprising: a container for accommodating garbage; a fan disposed above the container; a heater for drying the garbage; and a deodorizing device for deodorizing gas discharged from the container. Is a garbage disposal device comprising a catalyst located in a gas passage portion which is communicated with a gas inflow portion into which a gas flows substantially orthogonally, and a heater for heating the catalyst. 2. The gas passage portion is arranged in a substantially vertical direction, the gas inflow portion is located on the lower side, and the gas outflow portion is located on the upper side.
The garbage disposal device described in 1. 3. The garbage disposal apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising fixing means for fixing the catalyst at a predetermined position in the gas passage portion. 4. The garbage disposal apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the heater has a rod shape and is penetrated near the center of the catalyst. 5. The garbage disposal apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the catalyst is divided into a plurality of parts, and a gap is provided between each of the catalysts. 6. The garbage disposal apparatus according to claim 5, wherein a spacer is disposed in the gap. 7. The garbage disposal apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the output per unit area of the heater near the gas outlet is larger than the output per unit area of the other parts. . 8. The heater according to claim 1, wherein the output per unit area in the vicinity of the gas inlet and the gas outlet is larger than the output per unit area of the other portions.
Garbage disposal device described in section.