JP2002098380A - Apartment indoor ventilation structure - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To overcome the Sick House disease, an oxygen-deficient house, and humidity harm of a concrete apartment by the ventilation system of a building. SOLUTION: The fresh air is supplied to the entrance hall of the concrete apartment or the ceiling of a corridor, gas is exhausted constantly from a toilet, a washroom, a kitchen, and a bathroom, the inside of a room is ventilated by the flow of air for adjusting humidity and improving the durability of the building, and an indoor harmful gas to some people is exhausted from each room, the fresh room is supplied, and a healthy and comfortable space can be realized. Especially in winter, supplied air gather at a position where living waste heat is high and becomes a mixture with the supplied fresh air and then flows into each room for eliminating the need for heat exchange, and also a constant amount of ventilation can be secured constantly, thus providing an energy-saving and highly comfortable living space in the apartment indoor ventilation structure.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is to supply outside air to the entrance hall or corridor of an insulated and airtight concrete apartment building, and to supply the outside air from the floor, wall and ceiling of each room to supply toilets, washrooms, kitchens, bathrooms and the like. The air is always exhausted from each room.
In addition, the circulation fan on the ceiling of the corridor can promote further ventilation. With this air flow, the humidity is also adjusted by ventilation in the room to extend the life of the building, and harmful gas is discharged to humans, fresh air is supplied, and a healthy and comfortable space is provided. The current legal ventilation standards stipulate that the indoor ventilation frequency should be 0.5 or more per hour in order to improve energy efficiency, but human health cannot be protected with such a small ventilation volume. The present invention aims to increase the number of ventilations to 2 to 5 times, and flows downward from above in the building, mixes the outside air with the hot air gathered in the upper layer, sends it to the exhaust fan by air supply pressure, and discharges contaminated air from the exhaust port. It is.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention improves the health of humans and the durability of buildings by forcibly supplying outside air from the upper part of a concrete apartment or the like and forcibly exhausting air from the lower part, thereby achieving further energy saving. Is what you do.

2. Description of the Related Art Houses that are currently being constructed are required to have high heat insulation and high airtightness, with energy savings based on international commitments being the flag of Nishiki, and to further reduce the number of ventilations to promote energy savings. Concrete condominiums have a smaller floor area per dwelling unit than single-family homes, and promote air pollution. If it is desired to increase the number of rooms within the limited floor space, the wall area will inevitably increase and chemical contamination such as formaldehyde will be promoted, and there is no surprising way to increase the number of ventilations to remove this. . It is clear that the consequences of an impending sick house syndrome due to the poor air quality in the room that will occur in the future will follow. The United States, a sick house developed country, has been suffering from sick house syndrome as a result of restricting ventilation after the first oil shock. In Japan's Ministry of Health and Welfare, it has not yet recognized sick house syndrome, that is, there is a disease called sick house syndrome Say not. Until now, the regulations for airtightness had only existed in Hokkaido, but from this year, the standards of Hokkaido have been nationwide uniformly applied, and of course, cold regions in Hokkaido and other regions have imposed more severe airtightness. The number of patients with sick house syndrome is said to be 1 million or 5 million, and although the actual situation is uncertain, it is estimated that 130
If 80% of the houses that can be built were set up as standard, 1.04 million houses would become sick houses,
If there are three inhabitants per house, 31
An era of turmoil as a new national illness, with 20,000 sick house disease patients being born, is approaching without a flutter and footsteps. The reason why such a reasoning holds true is that in recent years, it has been a gesture of the industry, which is a gesture of the industry that insulation airtight was shouted loudly and without any clear standard but made with that mind. About 10% are considered to be real numbers that would have been made airtight. If only three years were calculated, the number would be 390,000, and if there were three residents per house, 1
It is no wonder that 170,000 patients with sick house disease have developed. There is another danger in hermetic houses, the fact that Japanese people still have the habit of heating up with oil stoves, gas stoves and oil fan heaters during the winter heating season. Japanese people have never lived in airtight houses like the northern peoples. Let's build a house with the aim of summer, forgetting that we are a prosperous nation in this country to this day, and suddenly network and obey the law of energy saving by airtight houses to achieve the international promise of energy saving. What else is a country saying that it does not lend public funds? What happens when using burning equipment in an airtight house is a fatal accident due to lack of oxygen. According to the basic terms of modern vocabulary, the following words are included in the living life term of the book, "Oxygen-deficient housing" means that gas equipment is bad or that the building has insufficient air supply and exhaust. As a result, the interior of the room is filled with carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, which has led to deaths. Such an oxygen-deficient house is called an oxygen-deficient house. In order to avoid accidents, it is necessary to carefully consider the supply and exhaust at the design stage of the building, and also to make sure that the gas appliances themselves do not cause bad combustion.If both are bad, the residents will be unhappy, so be careful. Careful consideration is required. it is written like this. As the autumn gets deeper every year, newspapers and television report that they should open the window once an hour and change the air for 5 minutes to prevent oxygen depletion.
We live in a house where we can't live without opening the windows and changing the air at least once an hour. When you are awake during the day, you can consciously open the windows and ventilate,
Who will open windows and ventilate for 8 hours? There are more than one million buildings every year, with natural air only outside and windows that need to be opened and taken indoors. With the occasional opening of windows, low ventilation cannot create pre-death ill health and neglect mental effects. For example, if there are 4 people in a 6 tatami room, 6
Air quantity tatami room is 23m ^3, oxygen content of which is 4.82M ³ at about 21%. Human breathing at rest requires 480 liters of air per hour, of which the oxygen consumption is 17 liters, and for four people it is 68 liters and the oxygen ratio is 2
It becomes 0.66%, and it is only about 10 hours and it is only about 18% safety limit, but if you use burning appliances such as oil stoves, gas stoves, instantaneous water heaters, oil fan heaters, natural ventilation frequency With 0.3 times an hour, continuing to burn a 2000 Kcal / h oil stove is 1.96 hours an hour due to combustion.
to consume oxygen m ^3, the oxygen concentration after 1 hour 1
It goes down to 8.7%, which leads to an increase in the production of carbon monoxide, reaching up to 220 ppm. In terms of oxygen, 18% of the safety limit is 80 minutes after carbon monoxide is 45%. After a minute, the safety limit of 100 ppm is exceeded. From the above, it can be said that suppressing the ventilation for energy saving increases the harm even from the danger of human health and death.
A further danger of hermetic housing is that reduced ventilation increases humidity and promotes the development of mold, which in turn causes mite development. The increase in humidity promotes the propagation of wood rot fungi and the harm of termites, significantly shortening the life of houses and causing economic damage to residents in addition to health damage. For those living in modern societies, they do not want to be the only owners of homes, where health and economic harm occur simultaneously. The concrete apartment ventilation method most frequently used at present is generally called a type 3 ventilation method. Usually, the air is exhausted from the exhaust fan called the ventilation fan and the kitchen exhaust fan, and the air is taken in from the air inlets called the ventilation openings of each room and flows through the gap under the door to ventilate the room. This is called Type 3 ventilation. If it works normally as an air inlet, the effect of cold air is immeasurable because the outside air directly enters the room in winter. Also, in the summer, if hot and humid air enters the room directly, the Japanese summer bulge will cause discomfort to the occupants, and there is far from comfortable ventilation. This type 3 ventilation method has been used in Europe and the United States and is not based on the idea of growing up in Japan. Japan's summer climate is hot and humid, winter is low and low humidity, and it is a climate unique to Japan. Europe and the United States or Northern Europe have high temperature and low humidity in summer and low temperature and high humidity in winter. They are touting seed ventilation, and the Japanese housing industry even claims to be the best in other countries. After the Meiji era, Japanese came to this day as foreign goods, thinking that everything in the foreign country was good. However, no matter how wonderful the climate, they cannot be imported. Therefore, Japan needs a variety of technologies rooted in Japan's climate, especially in housing.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art, that is, sick house disease, lack of oxygen, and damp damage by means of a building ventilation system.

[Means for Solving the Problems] The economic loss due to sick house disease, oxygen-deficient housing, and wet damage is enormous in terms of the economic scale of one family, and having a home for each person's life is a matter of life. If that is the case, it will be worth it as a real estate if it is acquired, batoned to the next generation, and used for generations.
How to build a house that can withstand hundreds of years like an old building such as a temple, because the existing old building answers, because it is constantly exposed to air and kept dry, sick house disease, lack of oxygen , Wet damage, all this comes from poor ventilation. The present invention solves the above-mentioned problem by maintaining an appropriate drying state by air flowing all over the room.

Means of the Invention Sick house disease and oxygen-deficient homes are clearly associated with poor ventilation, especially sick house disease caused by building materials used indoors and furniture and appliances brought in by residents for their daily lives. It is known that this problem is caused by chemical substances.To solve this problem, it is necessary to increase the ventilation volume. However, increasing the ventilation volume is not necessarily good from the viewpoint of energy saving. If you stand, you will not stand here. The present invention aims to reduce the energy loss even if the ventilation volume is increased, and solves the problem with the following concept. The air in each room, which is supplied from the entrance hall or the ceiling of the corridor, is exhausted by the exhaust fan of the kitchen, toilet, washroom, and bathroom, and the air that is contaminated with moisture and moisture is exhausted. , Oxygen-deficient housing,
It can save people from the economic losses of wet damage.

An embodiment will be described with reference to claim 1. In the present invention, there is a forced air supply device 1 having an air filter 3 and an air supply fan 2 connected from the outside to a space 5 above a ceiling in a hall or corridor of a concrete condominium, and a space 17 above the ceiling is provided in another room. There is a wall cavity 9 between the concrete frame 7 and the inner wall 8, and the wall cavity 9 communicates with the underfloor space 15 and each room except the kitchen, toilet, washroom, and bathroom In the kitchen, floor air inlets 12 and 13 and wall air inlet 14 at the top of the wall
It is a condominium indoor ventilation structure in which an exhaust fan 11 is attached to a toilet, a washroom, and a bathroom. This will be described with reference to FIGS. In the case of winter, the air taken in from the air supply duct 4 enters the forced air supply device 1, passes through the air filter 3, and is blown out of the space above the ceiling 5 from the air supply fan 2. 17 flows into the wall cavity 9 formed between the concrete frame 7 and the inner wall 8 and eventually reaches the underfloor space 15.
The air flows from the 13-wall air inlet 14 into the room, passes through the ventilation opening of the door 10, and is discharged from the kitchen, toilet, washroom, bathroom exhaust fan 11 to the outside. Allocation of specific air amount of each floor ceiling if the floor area 70m ² Residential height 2.4m
If this is the case, the amount of air contained in the building is 168 m ³ , and the assumed air supply amount is 300 m ³ per hour. In a simple calculation, 1.78 times of ventilation are performed per hour. To be more specific, the toilet exhaust fan 11 has a constant exhaust volume of one place for one hour 40 m ³ , and the bathroom toilet exhaust fan 11 also has a constant exhaust of 80 m ^{3 for} one hour. The remaining 180 m ³ cannot be exhausted. It means that. In addition, when the kitchen exhaust fan 11 is activated, the operation is weak for 1 hour 15 hours.
There is 0 m ³ and the ventilation in each room is approximately plus or minus, zero state, and in the case of strong operation, it reaches 500 to 600 m ³ and the ventilation state in each room is the type 3 ventilation method, but the kitchen exhaust time is used Is reported to be 45 minutes a day according to a survey by the Institute of Cold Region Architecture in Hokkaido, of which it is not reported what percentage of strong driving is, but it is only 45 minutes a day That said, if the exhaust from the kitchen at bedtime is not possible in a normal home, that doesn't seem a big deal. In the case of the above-described third type ventilation method, when cold outside air enters the room, the room is warmed indoors and an environment with a humidity of 30% is created. This is not a comfortable environment for residents, and respiratory damage is severe and respiratory illness is caused.Because of colds in winter, it can not be solved even if living at high room temperature It is a problem. While the air flows through the space above the ceiling 5,17, the wall cavity 9, and the underfloor space 15, the temperature becomes close to the indoor space and does not cause discomfort to the occupants. In addition, the concrete body 7 is heavy and has a large specific heat and can store heat. Because it is a material, this air flow mechanism has a very energy-saving effect. In the case of summer, the temperature and humidity of the outside air are supplied, but people seeking comfort adjust the temperature with a cooler.At this time, the windows are closed as a matter of course. The outside air flows due to the flow, but the temperature difference between day and night There is a temperature difference called a daily range in technical terminology. This differs depending on the area, but it is said that it is 8 ° C in coastal areas and 10 ° C in inland areas. When the concrete body 7 stores and dissipates heat, the amount of electricity consumed by the cooler can be reduced. Although the air filter 3 is not shown, there is an inspection port immediately below the air filter 3 so that the consumer can easily attach and detach the air filter 3. A second embodiment will be described. In the present invention, there is a forced air supply device 1 connected to an entrance space or a hallway of a corridor of a concrete apartment from the outside by an air supply duct 4 to which an air filter 3 and an air supply fan 2 are attached. A circulation fan 6 that connects the indoor space and the ceiling space 5 is attached, and the ceiling space 5 communicates with the ceiling space 17 of another room, and the wall has a wall cavity 9 between the concrete frame 7 and the inner wall 8. Wall cavity 9
Is connected to the underfloor space 15 and has a kitchen, toilet, washroom,
Condominiums with floor air inlets 12 and 13 in each room except the bathroom, wall air inlets 14 at the top of the wall, and vents at the doors, and exhaust fans 11 installed in kitchens, toilets, washrooms, and bathrooms Indoor ventilation structure. This will be described with reference to FIGS. The difference from the first embodiment is that a circulation fan 6 attached to the entrance hall or the ceiling of the corridor is added. Hereinafter, the function of the circulation fan 6 will be described. Other functions are as described in claim 1. In order to increase the ventilation volume of the entire indoor space, the method described in claim 1 prevents the exhaust gas volume from being applied, and the entire indoor space cannot be made uniform in temperature and humidity. Therefore, the amount of ventilation exchanged with the outside depends on the amount of exhaust air and the function of the circulation fan draws unused air or contaminated air in each room into the circulation fan 6 in the form of recirculation. It mixes with the fresh air of the air supply fan 2 to supply air to each room. The specific amount of circulating air is
Since the circulation amount per unit is 300 m ³ , the air circulation described above can provide 1.78 ventilations per hour. In a condominium with a large floor area, as shown in FIG. If two units are used, a larger ventilation volume can be obtained. In a condominium with a larger floor area, a third unit may be installed. A third embodiment will be described. The present invention includes a forced air supply device 1 connected to an entrance space or a corridor of a concrete condominium by an air supply duct 4 from the outside via an air supply duct 4 and having an air filter 3 and an air supply fan 2 attached thereto. A wall cavity 9 having a closed lower end between the concrete frame 7 and the inner wall 8 communicates with the space 17 above the ceiling in another room.
Each room except the kitchen, toilet, washroom and bathroom has wall inlets 14 and 16 at the top and bottom of the wall, and vents at the doors, and exhaust fans 11 in the kitchen, toilet, washroom and bathroom. This is a condominium indoor ventilation structure to which is attached. Figures 4, 7 and 11
This will be described with reference to FIG. The difference from claim 1 is that there is no floor air inlet and the wall air inlet 16 is changed. In addition to this, except for the air flow in the underfloor space, the flow and function of the air are the same, so the description is omitted. A fourth embodiment will be described. An air filter 3 is connected to the entrance hall or corridor ceiling space 5 of the concrete apartment from outside through an air supply duct 4.
And a forced air supply device 1 having an air supply fan 2 attached thereto, and a circulating fan 6 communicating the indoor space and the space above the ceiling 5 is mounted on the ceiling thereof.
There is a wall cavity 9 closed at the lower end between the concrete frame 7 and the inner wall 8 and each room except for the kitchen, toilet, washroom, and bathroom has a wall air inlet at the top and bottom of the wall. 14.
16. The apartment has an indoor ventilation structure in which a vent is provided on the door and an exhaust fan 11 is attached to the kitchen, toilet, washroom, and bathroom. This will be described with reference to FIGS.
The difference from claim 2 is that there is no floor air inlet and the wall air inlet 16 is changed. In addition to this, except for the air flow in the underfloor space, the air flow and function are the same, and therefore the description is omitted. A fifth embodiment will be described. There is a forced air supply device 1 connected to the entrance space or the ceiling space 5 of the corridor of the concrete apartment by the air supply duct 4 from the outside with the air filter 3 and the air supply fan 2, and the space 5 above the ceiling is a wall of another room. There is an air supply port 18 on the ceiling, a vent port on the door, and an exhaust fan 11 attached to the kitchen, toilet, washroom, and bathroom. This will be described with reference to FIGS. The difference from the first embodiment is that there is no wall cavity 9, no space above the ceiling 17, no space under the floor 15, and an air supply port 18 is attached. 2. The flow of air in the indoor space as indicated by an arrow.
Therefore, the description is omitted. A sixth embodiment will be described. There is a forced air supply device 1 which is connected to the entrance space or corridor ceiling of the concrete apartment by the air supply duct 4 from the outside by the air supply duct 4 and has the air filter 3 and the air supply fan 2 attached thereto. A circulation fan 6 communicating with the back space 5 is attached, and the space 5 above the ceiling has an air supply port 18 on the wall ceiling of another room, a vent hole is provided on the door, and an exhaust fan 11 is provided in the kitchen, toilet, washroom, bathroom. It is a condominium indoor ventilation structure where is attached. Figures 5 and 9
Explanation is given with reference to 10. The difference from claim 2 is that there is no wall cavity 9 space above the ceiling 17 space under the floor 15 and the air supply port 1
8 is installed. The flow of the air in the indoor space is substantially the same as that of the first embodiment as shown by the arrow, and the description is omitted.

As described above, a high-quality air environment is created by supplying air from a high position indoors, providing an exhaust fan or an exhaust port in a place with a lot of air pollution or humidity and constantly ventilating. . Supplying air from a high position indoors By using domestic waste heat and solar heat, energy-saving ventilation can be performed without using a heat exchanger. INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be applied to existing condominiums and can obtain the same effect as new construction, and can improve condominiums of various construction methods nationwide. In summer, ventilation and cooling are used, and in winter, heat loss due to ventilation is minimized by using domestic waste heat and the use of solar heat from windows to eliminate sick house disease and moisture damage, enabling energy-saving and healthy living.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view according to claim 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view according to claim 4 of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view according to claim 6 of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a sectional view according to claim 5 of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of claims 1, 3, and 5 of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a reference perspective view of claims 2, 4, and 6 of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is an enlarged cross-sectional view according to claim 6 of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of claims 2, 4, and 6 of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is an enlarged sectional view of the second and fourth aspects of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is an enlarged sectional view of claims 1 and 3 of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is an enlarged sectional view of a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Forced air supply device 2 Air supply fan 3 Air filter 4 Air supply duct 5 Ceiling space 6 Circulation fan 7 Concrete frame 8 Inner wall 9 Wall cavity 10 Door 11 Kitchen, toilet, washroom, bathroom exhaust fan 12 Floor air inlet 13 Floor air inlet 14 Wall air inlet 15 Underfloor space 16 Wall air inlet 17 Ceiling space 18 Air inlet The arrows indicate the flow of air.

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A forced air supply system connected to the entrance space or corridor of a concrete condominium by an air supply duct from the outside via an air supply duct and fitted with an air filter and an air supply fan. There is a wall cavity between the concrete frame and the inner wall, which communicates with the space.The wall cavity communicates with the space under the floor, and each room except the kitchen, toilet, washroom, and bathroom has a floor air inlet and a wall. An indoor ventilation structure in a condominium apartment with a wall air inlet at the top and a vent at the door and an exhaust fan installed in the kitchen, toilet, washroom, and bathroom. 2. A forced air supply device connected to the entrance hall or corridor of a concrete condominium by an air supply duct from the outside with an air filter and an air supply fan, and the ceiling has an indoor space and a ceiling. A circulating fan communicating with the back space is installed, the ceiling space communicates with the ceiling space of the other room, the wall has a cavity between the concrete frame and the inner wall, and the wall cavity communicates with the underfloor space and the kitchen・
Condominiums equipped with a floor air inlet and a wall air inlet above the wall in each room except the toilet, washroom, and bathroom, and a vent in the door, and an exhaust fan installed in the kitchen, toilet, washroom, and bathroom Indoor ventilation structure. 3. A forced air supply system connected to the entrance space or corridor of a concrete apartment by an air supply duct from the outside via an air supply duct and having an air filter and an air supply fan attached thereto. There is a wall cavity closed at the lower end between the concrete frame and the inner wall, and the walls excluding the kitchen, toilet, washroom, and bathroom have wall air inlets at the top and bottom of the wall, Ventilation structure in the apartment with ventilating doors and exhaust fans in the kitchen, toilet, washroom and bathroom. 4. A forced air supply system which is connected to an entrance hall or a corridor of a concrete apartment by an air supply duct from outside and has an air filter and an air supply fan attached thereto, and further has an indoor space and a ceiling on the ceiling. A circulating fan communicating with the back space is installed, the ceiling space communicates with the ceiling space of the other room, and the wall has a wall cavity with a closed lower end between the concrete frame and the inner wall, kitchen, toilet, washroom, Each room except the bathroom has a wall air supply opening at the top and bottom of the wall, and a ventilation opening at the door, and an exhaust ventilation fan installed in the kitchen, toilet, washroom and bathroom. 5. A forced air supply system connected to an entrance space or a corridor of a concrete apartment from the outside by an air supply duct to an air supply duct, which is provided with an air filter and an air supply fan. There is an air supply opening in the apartment, and a ventilating door is provided, and an exhaust fan is installed in the kitchen, toilet, washroom, and bathroom. 6. A forced air supply device connected to the entrance hall or corridor of a concrete condominium by an air supply duct from the outside through an air supply duct and having an air filter and an air supply fan mounted thereon. A condominium with a circulation fan connected to the back space, a ceiling space with an air supply port on the wall ceiling of another room, a vent on the door, and an exhaust fan mounted in the kitchen, toilet, washroom and bathroom Indoor ventilation structure.