JP2002070726A - Displacement-variable swash plate compressor - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent the occurrence of fretting wear in a sliding contact between the outer circumference of a driving shaft and the inner circumference of a hinge ball when both the driving shaft on which the hinge ball is loosely fitted and the hinge ball are made of iron alloy. SOLUTION: When the hinge ball 13 and the driving shaft 7 are made of iron alloy, the inner circumference surface of the hole 13a of the hinge ball 13 is subjected to chemical conversion coating electroless plating method process, or low-temperature sulfide permeation treatment, so that an oxidation film, plating 37, or an iron sulfide diffusion layer is formed on the inner circumference of the hole 13.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a variable displacement type swash plate type compressor and, more particularly, to a structure for improving the strength of a sliding portion of a component of a compressor of the compressor.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a variable displacement compressor using a swash plate of this type, for example, a swash plate compressor as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-97151 has already been known. According to the above publication, the machine is configured to include a housing, a cylinder block, a drive shaft, a swash plate, a plurality of single-headed pistons, and a plurality of shoes. A ball movable in the axial direction of the drive shaft is mounted in the cylinder chamber, and the ball is urged toward the cylinder block by a coil spring. The swash plate is swingably mounted on the ball and connected to the rotor so that the inclination angle with respect to the drive shaft can be changed.

[0003]

However, according to such a structure of the swash plate compressor, the swash plate moves relative to the drive shaft during the capacity control operation between the maximum capacity and the minimum capacity of the swash plate compressor. In the case where the hinge ball on which the swash plate is supported and the drive shaft on which the hinge ball is slidably inserted are each formed of an iron-based alloy because the swash plate reciprocates minutely in the tilt direction, Fretting wear occurs between the inner peripheral surface of the hinge ball and the outer peripheral surface of the drive shaft.
As the wear progresses, it becomes difficult to smoothly change the inclination angle of the swash plate for swinging the swash plate, and the variable capacity controllability of the compressor deteriorates.

Therefore, in the present invention, when the material of the component constituting the compression means is an iron-based alloy, a variable capacity type which prevents fretting wear which occurs when the components constituting the compression means slide with each other. An object of the present invention is to provide a swash plate compressor.

[0005]

According to the present invention, there is provided a variable displacement swash plate type compressor according to the present invention, comprising a cylinder block, a drive shaft provided in the cylinder block, and a drive shaft connected to the drive shaft via a hinge ball. A swash plate supported swingably back and forth in the axial direction, a plurality of cylinders provided in the cylinder block and having an axis parallel to the drive shaft, slidably disposed on the cylinder, In the variable displacement type swash plate type compressor including a refrigerant compression unit constituted by a plurality of pistons reciprocating in the cylinder with the swing of the plate, and a refrigerant volume variable unit, the refrigerant compression unit The whole or a part of the component constituting the iron-based alloy, and the surface of the sliding portion of the component formed of the iron-based alloy is subjected to a chemical conversion treatment to form an oxide film. That (claim 1). Specifically, a phosphate film is formed on the sliding portion by subjecting the sliding portion of the component constituting the refrigerant compression means to a phosphate treatment as the chemical conversion treatment. (Claim 2).

[0006] As described above, the surface of the part that slides with respect to the part constituting the refrigerant compression means and the part that slides with the other part constituting the refrigerant compression means is coated with an oxide film such as a phosphate film. As a result, the coefficient of friction of the surface of the component constituting the means for compressing the refrigerant is reduced, and the wear resistance is improved.

On the other hand, a cylinder block, a drive shaft provided in the cylinder block, a swash plate supported on the drive shaft via hinge balls so as to be swingable in the axial front-rear direction of the drive shaft, A plurality of cylinders provided in the block and having an axis parallel to the drive shaft; a plurality of pistons slidably disposed in the cylinder and reciprocating in the cylinder with the swinging of the swash plate; In the variable capacity swash plate type compressor provided with the compressed refrigerant compression means and the refrigerant variable capacity means, all or some of the components constituting the refrigerant compression means are formed of an iron-based alloy. A non-ferrous metal film may be formed by applying electroless plating to the surface of a sliding portion of a component formed of an iron-based alloy (claim 3). Specifically, the sliding portion of the component constituting the refrigerant compression means may be plated with nickel by electroless nickel plating as the electroless plating (claim 4). .

[0008] As described above, the surface of the part that composes the refrigerant compression means is slid with the part that composes the other refrigerant compression means by plating such as nickel plating. The coefficient of friction of the surface of the component constituting the compression means is reduced, and the wear resistance is improved.

A cylinder block, a drive shaft provided in the cylinder block, a swash plate supported by the drive shaft via a hinge ball so as to be swingable in the axial front-rear direction of the drive shaft; , A plurality of cylinders having an axis parallel to the drive shaft, and a plurality of pistons slidably disposed in the cylinder and reciprocating in the cylinder with the swinging of the swash plate. In a variable displacement type swash plate type compressor provided with a refrigerant compression unit and a refrigerant volume variable unit, all or a part of components constituting the refrigerant compression unit is formed of an iron-based alloy, The surface of the sliding portion of the component formed of the alloy may be subjected to low-temperature sulfurizing treatment to form a diffusion layer of iron sulfide on the sliding portion.

[0010] As described above, the diffusion layer of iron sulfide is formed on the surface of the portion that slides with the component that constitutes the compression means of another refrigerant with respect to the portion that constitutes the compression means of the refrigerant. The coefficient of friction of the surface of the component constituting the means for compressing the refrigerant is reduced, and the wear resistance is improved.

When the hinge ball and the drive shaft are made of an iron-based alloy as components constituting the means for compressing the refrigerant, the sliding portion to which the chemical conversion treatment, the electroless plating or the low-temperature sulfurizing treatment is applied. Is an inner peripheral surface of a hole of the hinge ball that slides on the drive shaft (claim 6).

As described above, the friction coefficient of the surface of the inner peripheral surface of the hole is increased by plating such as an oxide film such as a phosphate film formed on the inner peripheral surface of the hinge ball or nickel plating or low-temperature sulfurizing treatment. Since the wear resistance is reduced and the wear resistance is improved, the wear amount due to fretting wear is remarkably reduced even when used for a long time, and it is possible to ensure a smooth change in the inclination angle of the swash plate for variable capacity control of the compressor. .

[0013]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

The compressor 1 shown in FIG. 1 is for forming a refrigeration cycle using, for example, carbon dioxide as a refrigerant, and is referred to as a rotary swash plate compressor among variable capacity single swash plate compressors. Things. The compressor 1 has a bottomed cylindrical front block 2, a cylinder block 3 fixed to an open end of the front block 2, and a rear block fixed to the other end of the cylinder block 3 with a valve plate 5 interposed therebetween. And block 4. The crank chamber 6 is defined by being surrounded by the front block 2 and one end of the cylinder block 3.

A drive shaft 7 is rotatably supported by the front block 2 and the cylinder block 3 via bearings 8, 9, and 10. The drive shaft 7 includes a traveling engine (not shown), a belt, The engine is connected via a pulley and an electromagnetic clutch, and rotates when the rotation of the engine is transmitted when the electromagnetic clutch is turned on. The drive shaft 7 is rotatably maintained on the front block 2 via a thrust bearing 11.
A rotating member 12 for transmitting power to a rotating swash plate 14, which will be described later.
Is fixed in the crank chamber 6, and a hole 13a is formed in the hinge ball 13. The hole 13a is
The hinge ball 1 is attached to the outer periphery of the drive shaft 7
3 is loosely fitted to the outside, and the hinge ball 13 is slidable on the drive shaft 7.
The rotary swash plate 14 is supported on the drive shaft 7 so as to be rotatable and swingable. The rotary swash plate 14 is connected to the rotary member 12 via a link mechanism 15 to rotate and swing.

The hinge ball 13 is an elastic member 1 such as a coil spring interposed between the hinge member 13 and the rotating member 12 for transmitting power.
6 and an elastic mechanism 17 disposed on the opposite side thereof, are pressed and disposed from both sides to allow the drive shaft 7 to move in the axial direction.

The cylinder block 3 includes the drive shaft 7
A plurality of cylinder bores 17 are formed at predetermined intervals around the periphery of the swash plate, and each of the cylinder bores 17 has a cylindrical shape having a central axis parallel to the axial direction of the drive shaft 7. Piston 18 with one end held at 14
Is slidably inserted, and the end 19 of the piston 18 opposite to the insertion side has a spherical shape.

A shoe 20 is disposed between the end 19 of the piston 18 and the rotary swash plate 14.
The shoe 20 has a curved concave portion 21 formed on the end portion 19 side of the piston 18, and the end portion 19 is slidably received in the concave portion 21. The surface of the shoe 20 opposite to the side on which the concave surface portion 21 is formed is a radial end portion of the piston-side surface of the rotary swash plate 14,
Even if the rotary swash plate 14 rotates under any circumstances, it is always in contact.

On the other hand, when the low pressure chamber 22 and the high pressure chamber 25 are formed between the rear block 4 and the valve plate 5, and the piston 18 is in the suction stroke, the suction valve 2
3 is opened and the suction hole 2 formed in the valve plate 5 is opened.
When the piston 18 is in the discharge stroke, the discharge valve 26 is opened and the refrigerant flows into the high-pressure chamber 25 through a discharge hole 27 formed in the valve plate 5. High-pressure refrigerant is discharged.

The low-pressure chamber 22 and the high-pressure chamber 25 communicate with a suction port 28 or a discharge port 29 formed in the rear block 4, respectively. Connectors 30 and 31 are screwed to the rear block 4 for connection.

Further, in the compressor 1, a pressure control valve 32, which constitutes a means for varying the capacity of the refrigerant, is inserted and fixed in a control valve insertion hole 33 formed in the rear block 4. The pressure control valve 32 is connected to the communication passage 3 formed in the rear block 4.
The pressure in the crank chamber 6 is appropriately controlled by 4, 35, and 36.

According to the above configuration, when the drive shaft 7 rotates, the rotary swash plate 14 rotates with a predetermined inclination, so that the end of the rotary swash plate 14 is Swings at a predetermined width in the direction. As a result, the piston 18 fixed at the radial end portion of the rotary swash plate 14 via the shoe 20 reciprocates in the axial direction of the drive shaft 7 so that the compression chamber defined in the cylinder bore 17 is closed. The capacity is changed, refrigerant is sucked from the low pressure chamber 22 through a suction hole 24 having a suction valve 23, and the compressed refrigerant is discharged to a high pressure chamber 25 through a discharge hole 27 having a discharge valve 26. is there.

The displacement of the compressor 1 is determined by the stroke of the piston 18. The stroke is determined by the pressure applied to the front surface of the piston 18, so-called pressure in the compression chamber, and the pressure applied to the back surface of the piston 18, so-called. It is determined by the pressure difference from the pressure in the crank chamber 6. Specifically, if the pressure in the crank chamber 6 is increased, the differential pressure between the compression chamber and the crank chamber 6 is reduced, so that the piston 1
The stroke of No. 8 becomes smaller and the discharge capacity becomes smaller,
If the pressure in the crank chamber 6 is reduced, the differential pressure between the compression chamber and the crank chamber 6 increases, so that the stroke of the piston 18 increases and the discharge capacity increases.

In this embodiment, at least the drive shaft 7 and the hinge ball 13 loosely fitted to the drive shaft 7 are formed of an iron-based alloy, and the surface including the inner peripheral surface of the hole 13a of the hinge ball 13 is A film 37 is formed as shown in FIG.

The film 37 is an oxide film whose surface is changed by subjecting the surface of the iron-based alloy of the hinge ball 13 to a chemical conversion treatment to give a chemical change. Is mentioned. The phosphate treatment itself is known, but an example of the treatment will be briefly described according to this embodiment. The treatment solution mainly includes a cleaning solution in which the hinge ball 13 is cleaned by a pretreatment, and a boiling manganese phosphate or the like is a main component. It is carried out by soaking it for about one hour and taking it out.

As described above, since the entire hinge ball 13 is immersed in the processing liquid, a fine coating operation on the inner peripheral surface of the hole 13a of the hinge ball 13 is not required, and the operation can be simplified. In addition, since the outer peripheral surface of the hinge ball 13 is also covered with the coating 37, it is possible to simultaneously improve the abrasion resistance of the sliding surface between the outer peripheral surface of the hinge ball 13 and the hinge ball side surface of the rotary swash plate 14. it can.

On the other hand, the film 37 is made of a metal other than iron (non-ferrous) by electroless plating in which metal ions in an aqueous metal solution are deposited on the surface of the hinge ball 13 by utilizing an oxidation-reduction reaction in the presence of a reducing agent. (Metal) plating. As the electroless plating method, there is an electroless nickel plating in which a nickel plating is formed as a film 37 on the surface of the hinge ball 13. This electroless nickel plating is also known, but one example of the electroless nickel plating will be briefly described according to this embodiment. The hinge ball 13 is cleaned by a pretreatment, and a nickel metal salt, a reducing agent, and a PH buffer material are used. The plating solution prepared by appropriately combining the above is brought to a temperature between 90 degrees and 100 degrees, and the hinge ball 13 is immersed in this plating solution and then taken out.

As described above, since the entire hinge ball 13 is immersed in the plating solution, a fine coating operation on the inner peripheral surface of the hole 13a of the hinge ball 13 is unnecessary, and the operation can be simplified. In addition, since the outer peripheral surface of the hinge ball 13 is also covered with the film 37 even in this electroless plating, wear resistance is generated at the same time at the sliding portion between the outer peripheral surface of the hinge ball 13 and the surface of the rotating swash plate 14 on the hinge ball side. It is also possible to improve the performance. Further, according to the electroless nickel plating, it is possible to form a film having a substantially uniform thickness. Further, this nickel-plated hinge ball 13
Can be further heat-treated to further reduce the friction coefficient.

Further, as means for lowering the friction coefficient,
A diffusion layer of iron sulfide may be formed on the surface of the hinge ball 13. As a technique for forming a diffusion layer of iron sulfide, there is a low-temperature sulfurization treatment, and this treatment method is performed by subjecting an article to be treated (hinge) to a molten salt bath of an alkali metal salt containing sulfur kept at a temperature of 185 ° C to 195 ° C. Ball) is immersed, a positive electrode is connected to the object to be treated, and a negative electrode is connected to the tank.
This is a process for forming a diffusion layer of iron sulfide on the surface by anodic electrolysis.

As a result, a diffusion layer of iron sulfide is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the hinge ball 13 so that the coefficient of friction can be reduced. This improves the performance.

Although the subject to be subjected to the chemical conversion treatment, the electroless plating, or the low-temperature sulfurizing treatment has been described as the hinge ball 13, it is not necessarily limited to this. A film or a diffusion layer may be formed on the surface of the hinge ball 13 and the drive shaft 7 sliding on each other by the above-described chemical conversion treatment, electroless plating, or low-temperature sulfurization treatment. Also, when a member such as the rotary swash plate 14 and the shoe 20 that slides with other members is formed of an iron-based alloy, its surface is formed by the above-mentioned chemical conversion treatment, electroless plating, or low-temperature sulfurizing treatment. A film or a diffusion layer may be formed on the substrate.

Although the type of the compressor 1 has been described as a rotary swash plate type compressor, it is not limited to this rotary swash plate type compressor, and the swash plate does not rotate and only swings back and forth in the axial direction of the drive shaft. In the compressor 1 referred to as a wobble type or oscillating swash plate type compressor, since the swash plate finely oscillates, the sliding parts of the components constituting the compression means are fretting with each other. The present invention can be used.

[0033]

As described above, according to the present invention, a chemical conversion treatment is applied to the surface of a part that slides against a part constituting another refrigerant compression means with respect to a part constituting a refrigerant compression means. By forming an oxide film such as a phosphate film by applying, the coefficient of friction of the surface of the component constituting the compression means of the refrigerant can be reduced and the wear resistance can be improved. It is possible to increase the reliability (durability) of the constituent parts.

Further, according to the present invention, the components constituting the refrigerant compression means are plated with nickel plating or the like on the surface of the part which slides with the components constituting the other refrigerant compression means. Thereby, the coefficient of friction of the surface of the component constituting the compression means of the refrigerant can be reduced and the wear resistance can be improved, so that the reliability (durability) of the component constituting the compression means of the refrigerant can be increased. Is possible.

Further, according to the present invention, the surface of the part which slides against the component constituting the refrigerant compression means relative to the component constituting the refrigerant compression means is provided on the surface of the part which slides with the other refrigerant compression means. By forming the diffusion layer, the coefficient of friction of the surface of the component constituting the compressor of the refrigerant is reduced, and the wear resistance can be improved. Therefore, the reliability of the component constituting the compressor of the refrigerant ( Durability) can be increased.

According to the present invention, the inner peripheral surface of the hole of the hinge ball that slides on the drive shaft is plated with an oxide film such as a phosphate film or nickel plating, or is formed of iron sulfide by a low-temperature sulfurizing treatment. Due to the formation of the diffusion layer, the coefficient of friction of the inner peripheral surface is reduced and the wear resistance is improved. Therefore, even when used for a long time, the amount of wear due to fretting wear is significantly reduced, and the reliability (durability) of the hinge ball is improved. Since it is possible to ensure that the inclination angle of the swash plate is smoothly changed, the controllability of the variable displacement control of the compressor can be improved.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a variable displacement single-swash plate type compressor according to the present invention as viewed from the side.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a state in which a film is formed on the surface of a hinge ball which is a component of the compression means of the variable displacement swash plate type compressor of the above.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Compressor 3 Cylinder block 7 Drive shaft 13 Hinge ball 13a Hole 14 Swash plate 17 Cylinder bore 18 Piston 20 Shoe 32 Pressure control valve 37 Coating

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI theme coat ゛ (Reference) F04B 39/00 F04B 39/00 103F 103 107E 107 27/08 A (72) Inventor Shunichi Furuya Osato-gun, Saitama 39, Higashihara, Chiyo-ji, Konan-cho, in Zexel Valeo Climate Control Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Hiroshi Kakinuma 3-13-26, Yayumicho, Higashimatsuyama-shi, Saitama Prefecture Bosch Automotive System Higashi-Matsuyama Factory F-term (reference) 3H003 AC03 AD00 AD01 CA01 CB00 CD03 3H076 AA06 BB26 BB32 CC30 CC34 CC37 CC83 4K022 AA02 BA14 CA03 CA13 CA19 DA01 4K026 AA02 BA03 BA05 BB04 CA23 DA03 DA13

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A cylinder block, a drive shaft provided in the cylinder block, a swash plate supported on the drive shaft via hinge balls so as to be able to swing back and forth in the axial direction of the drive shaft, and the cylinder block. And a plurality of cylinders having an axis parallel to the drive shaft, and a plurality of pistons slidably disposed in the cylinder and reciprocating in the cylinder with the swinging of the swash plate. A variable displacement type swash plate compressor provided with a refrigerant compression unit and a refrigerant volume variable unit, wherein all or a part of the components constituting the refrigerant compression unit is formed of an iron-based alloy and A variable displacement swash plate type compressor characterized in that an oxide film is formed by subjecting a surface of a sliding portion of a component formed of a base alloy to a chemical conversion treatment. 2. A phosphate film is formed on a sliding portion of a component of the refrigerant compression means by subjecting the sliding portion to a phosphate treatment as the chemical conversion treatment. The variable displacement type swash plate type compressor according to claim 1. 3. A cylinder block, a drive shaft provided in the cylinder block, a swash plate supported by the drive shaft via a hinge ball so as to be swingable in the axial front-rear direction of the drive shaft, and inside the cylinder block. , A plurality of cylinders having an axis parallel to the drive shaft, and a plurality of pistons slidably disposed in the cylinder and reciprocating in the cylinder with the swinging of the swash plate. In the variable displacement type swash plate type compressor provided with a refrigerant compression unit and a refrigerant variable volume unit, all or a part of the components constituting the refrigerant compression unit is formed of an iron-based alloy, By applying electroless plating to the surface of the sliding part of the part made of alloy,
A variable displacement swash plate type compressor characterized by forming a non-ferrous metal film. 4. The electroless nickel plating as said electroless plating on a sliding portion of a component constituting said refrigerant compression means, and nickel plating is formed on said sliding portion. The variable displacement type swash plate compressor as described in the above. 5. A cylinder block, a drive shaft provided in the cylinder block, a swash plate supported on the drive shaft via a hinge ball so as to be swingable in the axial front-rear direction of the drive shaft, and inside the cylinder block. , A plurality of cylinders having an axis parallel to the drive shaft, and a plurality of pistons slidably disposed in the cylinder and reciprocating in the cylinder with the swinging of the swash plate. In the variable displacement type swash plate type compressor provided with a refrigerant compression unit and a refrigerant variable volume unit, all or a part of the components constituting the refrigerant compression unit is formed of an iron-based alloy, By subjecting the surface of the sliding part of the part made of alloy to low-temperature sulfurizing treatment,
A variable displacement swash plate compressor, wherein a diffusion layer of iron sulfide is formed at the sliding portion. 6. When the hinge ball and the drive shaft are formed of an iron-based alloy as parts constituting the means for compressing the refrigerant, the sliding portion subjected to the chemical conversion treatment, the electroless plating or the low-temperature sulfurizing treatment. Is a hole inner peripheral surface of a hinge ball sliding on the drive shaft, wherein:
6. The variable displacement swash plate type compressor according to 4 or 5.