JP2002069991A - Coarse stone fish way block and coarse stone type fish way - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide fish way forming blocks and a fish way capable of imparting an evacuation position or a resting position from a foreign enemy such as a bird and an external enemy from external sites and imparting a living position or a feeding area and further, imparting a positition where fish can run up or flow down in the minimum distance and further, matching with landscape of nature. SOLUTION: The upper face of a block is slanted and large and small quasi- stones or coarse-sized bodies made of quasi-stones are arranged in rows to holow a part of the coaese-sized bodies or all periphery of the all roots or the downstream side to form a floating stone and further, forming an incisional part forming a pool in the center of the member.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fishway that can be moved up or down by attaching to a weir or a head work, which is an obstacle to the movement of aquatic organisms such as fish in a river. It relates to a forming block and its fishway.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in places where the river slope is steep, a riverbed is stabilized, and a head work or a head work is provided to keep a constant flow velocity, and weirs and dams which also serve as water storage are formed. Since it is divided into the upstream and downstream sides, it will hinder the run-up and descent of fish and shellfish. Has been established or proposed.

[0003]

The tendency of river construction in recent years is that the adoption of a multi-natural construction method or the amendment of the river law require that the construction be close to nature and be in harmony with the surrounding landscape. It has become to. The most suitable fishway is a ramp-shaped fishway with coarse stones formed by randomly arranging stones on the riverbed for man-made structures such as stairs and channel walls. . However, in this fishway, it is difficult to secure the stone material that matches the design and the design of the arrangement of the rubble and the shape of the slope, and concrete is poured on the slope to fix the rubble one by one. The work was very time consuming and the costs had to be high.

[0004] In order to provide such a rough stone type fishway at low cost, various precast products formed by integrating a pseudo-stone serving as a blockage fluid into a block have been proposed. However, various precast products have been proposed depending on installation conditions and target fish species. It was necessary to use different shapes, and as a feature of the precast product, the pseudo-stone, which served as an impeding fluid, had to be structurally shaped like a mountain with a wide base.

[0005] On the other hand, when large and small stones are naturally piled up while rolling, and formed in a slope, the root of the back of the stone is depressed by the flow and becomes a stagnation area, and becomes a rest area. The protrusion at the top of the hill serves as an eave, blocking sunlight and providing a hiding place that protects against natural enemies such as birds by shading. However, the slope-shaped fishway formed by casting in-situ has a hemispherical projection because about two-thirds of the height of the stone is buried in concrete. On the other hand, in the case of precast, it is difficult to obtain a rest area on the back side of the stone as described above, since the shape is only a mountain shape. Further, even if a rest area is provided by providing a partial dent for a fish species having weak swimming ability, there is a problem that the bird is easily targeted by birds and the like because the back is exposed to the air.

[0006] Furthermore, the arrangement of the stones in the naturally formed stones is also random, and the flow velocity of the slope is reduced regardless of whether the stones are buried or precast products made of pseudo stones. The stones are arranged in a random pattern to make it work. This forms various flows of width, depth, and flow velocity in the flow of water on the slope, and it is possible to go up while selecting a route suitable for the swimming power of the fish.
However, since this flow path is meandering, the length of the run-up is longer than that of going up linearly, and the structure is difficult for fish species with weak swimming power to go up.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems.
A recess is provided on the entire circumference or part of the base of the obstruction fluid to make it a floating stone shape that is close to nature, or a rest area is formed by providing a recess that becomes a stagnation part in the block, and the stones naturally accumulate and aquatic It is home to insects. In addition, by arranging these obstructing fluids in a row and changing the interval, a shortest straight run-up path is formed, and furthermore, the upper surface of the block can be made into a slope or step shape to configure various widths, water depths, and flow velocities The advantage is that it can be adapted to various kinds of fish and shellfish with different swimming powers and run-up methods, and the same thing can be provided in large quantities at low cost by pre-casting the blocking fluid and the block integrally. There is an advantage that various types can be formed at low cost even when the pseudo stone or the main stone is integrated after being separately formed, as described below.

(1) Disturbing fluids are arranged in a row in the direction of the flow of the river on the upper surface of the block, and the size of the impeding fluid formed as a row is formed of a pseudo stone, a pseudo rock, a pseudo tree, or a main stone or a main tree Is formed in a substantially constant shape, and one or a plurality of concave holes are formed between the obstructing fluids on the upper surface of the block, or a notched slope portion in the transverse direction such that a concave water storage portion can be formed with the block laid and connected. A coarse stone fishway block characterized in that a block is provided on the block surface.

(2) The block upper surface is formed into a single inclined surface, a stepped surface which is parallel or single inclined with respect to the cross direction of the river flow, or a loose V-shaped, dish-shaped or mountain-shaped combination of these at the center. The above (1), wherein the height of the upper end of a part or the entirety of the blocking fluid disposed on the upper surface of the block is made substantially constant on a horizontal plane.
Cobblestone fishway block according to item.

(3) Any one of the above items (1) and (2), wherein a depression is provided on the entire circumference or downstream side at the root of a part or all of the obstruction fluid, thereby forming a floating stone. Coarse stone fishway block described in one.

(4) Instead of part or all of the blocking fluid on the upper surface of the block, a fixing member is buried or a fitting recess is provided, and fixing means using either or both of the fixing member and the adhesive is used. The coarse stone fishway block according to any one of the above (1) to (3), wherein a blocking fluid such as a pseudo stone, a pseudo rock, a pseudo tree, a main stone or a main tree is used and fixed.

(5) On the upper surface of the block around the blockage fluid,
The coarse stone fishway block according to any one of the above (1) to (4), wherein small irregularities such as a geometric pattern and a pseudo ball / pseudo stone pattern are formed.

(6) A coarse stone fishway block according to any one of the above (1) to (5), characterized in that side walls higher than the blocking fluid are provided at both ends of the block to form a channel. .

(7) The coarse stone fishway block described in the above items (1) to (6) is laid on the outside, at the edge of the river, or in the center of the river, and on both sides of the block, using a wall member or cast-in-place concrete, and the like. A coarse stone fishway characterized by forming a part to form a waterway type partial fishway, or laying all over the river to form a full fishway.

[0015]

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a specific embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 shows a basic form of a coarse stone fishway block according to the present invention. Similar to the prototype shown in FIG. And a pseudo stone 7 protruding from the member upper surface 18 and having a flared base, and a pseudo stone 8 in which the entire periphery of the base is depressed to form a floating stone, and further a pool is formed at the center of the member. It consists of four parts to which the proposal of the concave hole 14 is added. Also, as in the prototype, depending on the intended use, all of the impeding fluid may be only the mountain-shaped pseudo stone 7 or a pseudo stone partially recessed only on the downstream side as shown in FIG. Although not shown, it is also composed of a pseudo-wood block. In addition,
In the following description, the blocking fluid will be generally described as a pseudo-stone, but it goes without saying that this can be used as the pseudo-rock or pseudo-wood of FIG. 1, or the main stone or the main tree, or a combination thereof as appropriate.

The above-described block member 6 is basically rectangular when viewed from above. Its dimensions are 1 for both width and length
Since the weight is required to prevent the block from being washed away by running water depending on the place of use, the block thickness is appropriately selected in the range of 20 to 80 cm to adjust the weight. A trapezoidal connecting groove 10 is provided at the center of each side surface, and a U-shaped connecting bar 11 shown in FIG. 2 for connecting the block 1 is provided inside the trapezoidal connecting groove 10. further,
By making the upper surface 18 of the member inclined, the water depth can be variably changed from shallow water depth to deep water depth.

The pseudo-stone serving as an impeding fluid includes a normal stone-shaped pseudo-stone 7 and a floating stone-shaped pseudo-stone 8 provided with a depression all around the root shown in FIG. 4 or on the downstream side shown in FIG. Composed of As the size of the blocking fluid, a fluid having a small diameter from 10 cm to a fluid having a large diameter of about 50 cm is employed. As an example of the method of forming the floating stone-like pseudo stone 8, the floating stone-like pseudo stone 8 can be easily manufactured by attaching an attaching member corresponding to a depression to a mold forming the pseudo stone 7, and further attaching. By changing the shape of the member, it is possible to freely mold the root depression into a triangular shape with a flat back surface or a large depression in the back surface. This eliminates the need for concrete placement, selection of rubble, anchor placement, bonding, and the like, which would be required at the site, thereby reducing installation costs.

Separately, as a method of forming the base of the floating stone-like pseudo stone 8 into a sharp narrow narrow depression or forming a pseudo stone having a diameter of about 10 to 50 cm as a floating stone, an example of a prototype block as shown in FIG. A concave portion 20 for joining and a vertical hole 21 for embedding anchor streaks are formed in a portion of the upper surface 18 of the member where the floating stone-like pseudo stone 8 is to be disposed, and a pseudo stone block or a main stone 9 in which anchor bars are projected is manufactured in advance. In advance, the concrete block member 6 can be later integrated with the concrete block member 6 using an adhesive member 24 such as mortar or an adhesive, as shown in FIG.

Alternatively, a method in which anchor bars are projected from the upper surface of the member to form a vertical hole for embedding anchor lines in the pseudo-stone block or the main stone 9 serving as an obstruction fluid and integrated therewith, or an insert is buried in the upper surface of the member. In addition, there is a method in which a pseudo stone block or a main stone 9 having a through hole is connected with a mounting bolt or the like, and a hole at the top end is filled with a mortar or the like.

In this case, the stone can be made more natural by using the main stone, but as mentioned above, there is one aspect that it is difficult to obtain the stone. Such an acute-angled and deep gap reduces the flow of water, and is therefore effective for fry, benthic fish, crustaceans, and the like, which have a small body length and low swimming power.

The number of floating stone-like pseudo stones 8 to be installed is changed from about one-tenth of the total number of pseudo stones to the total number depending on the place of use and application. Also, on the member upper surface 18,
The three-dimensional pseudo ball pattern 17 with a small pseudo stone with a diameter of about 2 to 8 cm is provided, and the numerous unevenness on this surface suppresses the flow velocity in the fishway and becomes a structure close to the natural riverbed, only benthic fish It is suitable for run-up and movement of benthic organisms such as arthropods, but it may not be provided in places where the river gradient is gentle and the flow velocity is not too fast, Since a still water area is formed, there may be a case where only the pseudo stone 7 is used instead of the floating stone shape.

Next, as for the arrangement of the blocking fluid, as shown in FIG. 1, the pseudo stones 7 and 8 formed on the upper surface 18 of the block member are arranged in a row in the flow direction. By making the size of the blocking fluid substantially the same, the width and depth of the water channel flowing between the rows become uniform in the flow direction. As a result, since the flow velocity is constant from upstream to downstream between the rows, the fish does not encounter a flow velocity that cannot go up in the middle. Furthermore, by changing the width between the rows in various ways, the water flow between each row becomes the flow velocity according to the width between the rows and the water depth, and the upstream fish chooses a channel suitable for its own swimming power at the fishway entrance. You can go up at once. In addition, since the route is straight and does not obstruct the view of the fish and there is no drift, the fish can descend safely and quickly.

Further, by providing a concave portion 14 serving as a pool at the center of the upper surface 18 of the member, water stays in the concave portion 14 to reduce the flow velocity in the fishway,
A resting place for upstream fish is formed. In addition, when the boulders having a diameter of about 5 to 20 cm are naturally or artificially filled in the concave holes 14, they serve as a run-up route or a resting place for benthic fish or fry with weak swimming ability, and crustaceans. It also serves as a habitat for aquatic organisms and as a feeding ground for upstream fish by attaching moss and the like to the surface of natural stone.

Conversely, by setting a large natural stone having a diameter of about 20 to 50 cm in the concave hole, moss and the like can be grown on the surface, and various spaces can be created between the natural stones, so that fish can be fished. It can be formed as a coarse stone fishway that also serves as a feeding ground, dwelling place, rest area, etc. for various aquatic organisms.
FIG. 7 shows a coarse stone fishway block 2 having a block upper surface 18 with a stepwise single inclination and two concave holes 14.
This is an example. In the present invention described above,
It goes without saying that the same effect can be obtained by using a V-shaped, dish-shaped, or mountain-shaped combination in the center, in addition to the inclined upper surface and the stepped upper surface.

FIG. 8 shows a rough stone having a notch-shaped inclined surface 15 at the upper and lower ends of the block member upper surface 18 so as to form a concave portion which becomes a stagnation portion when arranged in a row. FIG. 9 shows an example of the fishway block 3, and FIG. 9 shows an example of the coarse stone fishway block 4 in which a stepwise block is provided with the same inclined surface 15 as in FIG. Width, flow rate, gradient, target fish species, aquatic organisms,
As mentioned above, various trough fishway blocks can be used to form a partial or full cross-section fishway outside or within a river. When the annular groove 16 is provided on the side surface on the thick side of the member and laid side by side in the width direction of the cross section of the river as shown in FIG. 10, a cylindrical hollow portion 23 is formed, and a large rest area which becomes a shadow is formed. Can be formed. The shape of the cavity can be changed to another shape such as a square shape or a trapezoidal shape.

Further, in order to lay outside of the river, at the edge of the river or at the center part and use it as a partial waterway separately from FIG. 10, the wall member 12 of the block shown in FIG. There is a coarse stone channel type fishway integrally provided as shown in the figure. Since the upper surface of the block is a slope, the waterway on the left side, where the water depth is deep, has a high flow velocity and is a run-up path for fish such as salmon and ayu, which have a large swimming ability, and a protruding flow from the entrance of the fishway to the downstream, leading the fish to the fishway. It also serves as a priming channel for water. Conversely, since the flow velocity becomes slow in the shallow right channel, the depth of the channel becomes ascending or descending for benthic fish such as Yoshinobori, fry with low swimming ability, or crustaceans such as Mozuku crab. It goes without saying that this fishway may be formed in a U-shape in which the wall member is integrally formed in order to simplify the construction. By doing so, a wall member is not required, and a coarse stone channel type fishway can be formed only by arranging blocks.

As shown in FIG. 1, the method of connecting blocks according to the present invention includes connecting grooves 10 and connecting bars 1 at predetermined positions.
2 and the wall member 12 in the same manner, as shown in the plan view of FIG. 2, the coarse stone fishway blocks 1, the block 1 and the wall member 12, and the wall member 12.
These are connected to each other to form the coarse stone channel fishway shown in FIGS. 10 and 11. In this connection method, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the connection bar 11 is fixed with a connection fitting such as a shackle 13. Further, although not shown, there is a method of connecting the block and the wall member by burying an insert on the wall member side of the block and tightening with a bolt or the like through a through hole formed in the wall member to integrate them.

Depending on the construction conditions and the shape of the block,
As shown in FIG. 7, at the four corners of the concrete block member,
In some cases, a chamfered surface 19 is provided, and the connecting bar 11 is attached to this portion.

The connection of the blocks can be performed separately by providing a notch in the vertical direction of the blocks and superimposing them, or by fitting them in a planar shape. Can be determined by

FIG. 12 shows an example in which the block 1 shown in FIG. 1 and the block 2 shown in FIG. Can rest in the concave hole 14 formed in the upper surface of the block. In addition, in a riverbed where the head is large or steep, as shown in FIG. 13, by stepping in a stepwise manner in the longitudinal direction of the flow, it can be used as a kind of pool type stepped fishway, The length of the fishway can be shortened.

The apparatus according to the present invention is set apart from the partial fishway of the channel type at the outside, at the shore or at the center of the river shown in FIG. Alternatively, it can be formed as a full fishway.
At this time, the block 4 is formed by forming a loose step-shaped V-shape by abutting small portions of the block to form a wide variety of waterway portions having different widths, depths, and flow velocities. As described above, the deepest portion of the V-shape has a high flow velocity, protrudes at the fishway entrance, and has a high flow to the downstream, so that an effect as priming for guiding fish to the fishway entrance can be expected.

In any case, the number of steps, the number of steps, and the gradient in the transverse direction can be changed according to conditions such as the installation location and flow rate.
As described above, various flows are formed by changing the water depth in the water channel, and the shape is such that the flow can be changed.

In this manner, one or several concave holes serving as pools are formed on the upper surface of the block, or inclined surfaces are provided on both upper and lower ends of the upper surface of the block which are inclined so as to form a large depression. By doing so, it is possible to create a stagnation part of the stream in the fishway,
Filling these recesses with natural stones, or allowing them to stay naturally, causes moss to grow on the surface or create an appropriate gap between the natural stones, and is a habitat for aquatic insects, or a place for rest and feeding of fry and benthic fish. , And crustaceans such as crabs.

Such a coarse stone fishway block is laid on the entire riverbed depending on the size, gradient, and flow rate of the river to form a full fishway, or wall members higher than the impeding fluid are attached to both ends of the block by precast or cast-in-place concrete. Or, it can be formed in one piece and laid at the center of the riverbed or at the water's edge to form a partial fishway, or can be externally attached to a river to form a bypass fishway. It goes without saying that, when used in combination with various original fishway blocks which do not form a pool, the fishway can be used as a steeper to gentler and wider fishway.

[0035]

According to the present invention as described above, it is possible to provide fishway equipment that is in harmony with the natural environment by laying a coarse stone fishway block and that is adapted to various fishes at a lower cost than before. The present invention has the effect of providing a favorable living environment for inhabiting fish and other aquatic organisms, and is an industrially effective invention.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a basic form of a coarse stone fishway block according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a connection portion of a block and a wall member.

FIG. 3 is a side view of the one shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a root shape of a floating stone-like pseudo-stone adopted in the present invention from vertically above.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing another example different from FIG.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing an attached state of a pseudo stone, a boulder, and the like serving as a blocking fluid.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of the coarse stone fishway block according to the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing still another embodiment of the coarse stone fishway block according to the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing still another embodiment of the coarse stone fishway block according to the present invention.

FIG. 10 is an example of a coarse stone fishway formed by laying the fishway block shown in FIG. 9 in multiple rows in the transverse direction of a river.

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a coarse stone fishway block according to the present invention, which is formed in a channel shape by providing side walls at both ends.

12 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a coarse stone fishway formed by arranging the blocks shown in FIG. 1 or FIG.

FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a coarse stone fishway formed in a step-like manner separately from the one shown in FIG.

FIG. 14 is a perspective view showing a rough stone fishway block serving as a prototype of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a perspective view showing one example of a prototype rough stone fishway block in which a concave portion is provided on the upper surface of the block of the present invention to attach a pseudo stone, a cobble stone, and the like.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Coarse stone fishway block with a pool part and a single slope 2 Coarse stone fishway block with a pool part and a stepwise single slope 3 Coarse stone fishway block with a notch-shaped slope and a single slope 4 Notch-shaped slope Coarse stone fishway block with a surface and stepped one-sided slope 5 Coarse stone fishway block with one sided slope 6 Concrete block member 7 Mountain-shaped pseudo stone 8 Floating stone-shaped pseudo stone 9 Pseudo stone block or main stone 10 Connecting groove 11 Connecting bar 12 Wall member 13 Shackle 14 Concave hole 15 Notch-shaped inclined surface 16 Annular groove 17 Pseudo ball pattern 18 Concrete block member upper surface 19 Square chamfered surface 20 Joining recess 21 Vertical hole for anchor bar burying 22 Anchor bar 23 Cavity 24 Adhesive member

Claims (7)

[Claims] Claims: 1. Blocking fluids are arranged in a row in the direction of the flow of a river on the top surface of a block, and the size of the blocking fluid composed of a pseudo-stone, a pseudo-rock, a pseudo-tree or a main stone or a main tree formed in a row is determined. It has a substantially constant shape, and one or more concave holes are formed between the obstructing fluids on the upper surface of the block, or a notch-shaped slope portion in the transverse direction is formed so that a concave water storage portion can be formed in a state where the block is laid and connected. A coarse stone fishway block that is provided on the block surface. 2. A stepped surface in which the upper surface of the block is singly inclined, parallel or skewed in the transverse direction of the river flow, or a loose V-shaped, dish-shaped or mountain-shaped combination of these at the center. 2. The coarse stone fishway block according to claim 1, wherein the height of a part or all of the obstruction fluid disposed on the upper surface of the block is substantially constant on a horizontal plane. 3. A rough stone according to claim 1, wherein a recess is provided at the base of a part or all of the blockage fluid on the whole circumference or on the downstream side to form a floating stone. Stone fish road block. 4. A fixing member is buried or a fitting recess is provided in place of part or all of the blockage fluid on the upper surface of the block, and fixing means using one or both of the fixing member and the adhesive is used. Wherein a blocking fluid such as artificial stone, artificial rock, artificial wood, or main stone or main tree is arranged and fixed.
The coarse stone fishway block according to any one of the above. 5. The rough stone according to claim 1, wherein small irregularities such as a geometric pattern, a pseudo ball, and a pseudo stone pattern are formed on the upper surface of the block around the blockage fluid. Fishway block. 6. A block formed at both ends of the block with a side wall higher than the obstructing fluid to form a channel.
5. The coarse stone fishway block according to any one of 5. 7. The coarse stone fishway block according to claim 1 is laid on the outside of a river, on the edge of a river, or in the center, and a side wall is formed on both sides of the block with a wall member or cast-in-place concrete. Coarse-stone type fishway characterized by being a waterway-type partial fishway or laying all over the river to form a full fishway.