JP2002058361A - Material for covering soil for growing plant - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a material for covering soil for growing a plant, having water-permeability, and hardly diffusing the absorbed water in the sheet direction. SOLUTION: This material 1 for covering the soil for growing the plant is formed by installing a lattice-like partition 3 in a sheet surface 2a of a sheet- like substrate 2 having the water-permeability. Because the capillary phenomenon in the material 1 for covering the soil can be blocked by the partition 3 so that the absorbed water may not diffuse in the sheet surface direction over the partition 3, as a result, the irrigated water and the rain water absorbed in the material 1 for covering the soil is not diffused in the sheet surface direction and the water and nutrition can be uniformly impregnated in the ground covered with the material 1 for covering the soil.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a plant-growing soil covering material laid on the ground to promote the growth of a target plant, such as a weed-blocking sheet, a seedling-growing sheet, a germination-promoting sheet, and a multi-sheet for agriculture and greening.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a method of promoting the growth of a target plant while preventing the propagation of weeds, as shown in FIG. 4, a cultivated ground is buried in a dome shape or a kamaboko shape, and seedlings or the like are placed on top of the cultivation ground.
In addition, by planting the seedlings 0 and laying a water-permeable sheet 51 at the root of the seedlings 50, the light on the lower surface of the sheet is blocked to prevent the growth of weeds, and at the same time, to moisturize near the root. Methods for promoting plant growth are known.

[0003] Such a grass sheet is required to have a light-shielding property as well as a water permeability or a hygroscopic property.
Japanese Patent No. 33141 discloses a protective fabric made of a polyolefin resin flat yarn knitted fabric in which water-permeable thread-like or cord-like fibers such as synthetic multi-filament yarns and staple filament yarns are mixed in order to enhance moisture absorption and moisture retention. A grass sheet is disclosed.

[0004]

Problems to be Solved by the Invention
When the root of the moss is covered with the weeding sheet 51,
If the ground on which 1 is laid is a non-horizontal surface, such as when the ground is buried as described above or is a slope, as shown in FIG. 5, the rainwater and irrigation absorbed by the sheet are reduced to the lower side by capillary action (see FIG. 5). In some cases, the root moved to the outer edge) and the root of the important target plant was dried.

[0005] For this reason, conventionally, the top of the embankment is formed in a concave portion so as to suppress the outflow of moisture and nutrients to the vicinity of the root. However, it is still impossible to completely prevent outflow. On the surface, such measures could not be taken. Then, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention is to provide a plant growing soil covering material which has water permeability and does not diffuse absorbed moisture and the like in the sheet surface direction.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a partition so as to divide a sheet surface of a water-permeable sheet substrate into a plurality of sections so that moisture in the sheet substrate can be reduced. The plant cultivation soil covering material is configured so as not to spread in the sheet surface direction beyond the partition.

[0007] As a result, the capillary phenomenon in the soil covering material can be blocked by the partition. Therefore, even if the soil covering material is laid on an inclined ground,
The irrigation and rainwater absorbed by the soil covering material does not spread in the sheet surface direction and at least penetrates the ground in the section, so that water or nutrients should be evenly penetrated into the ground covered with the soil covering material. And sufficient water or nutrients can be supplied near the root of the target plant. Therefore, the plant-growing soil covering material of the present invention is suitable as a grass-blocking sheet, a seedling-growing sheet, a germination-promoting sheet, a multi-sheet for agriculture and greening, etc. laid on the ground to promote the growth of the target plant.

[0008] The "partition" in the above-mentioned plant growing soil covering material is, for example, that a moisture shielding layer is formed so as to extend substantially over the cross section of the sheet-like base material so that moisture is not diffused in the direction of the sheet surface beyond this partition. It can be formed as follows. In this case, the moisture shielding layer may be formed of a non-permeable material different from the material of the base material, such as impregnating the base material with a non-permeable material. It can also be formed by changing to water-impermeable by means such as melting with a solvent. In the embodiments described later, the partitions are provided in a lattice shape, and a plurality of rectangular sections are provided in the sheet surface. However, the present invention does not limit the shapes of the partitions and the sections. Each section is independent of the adjacent section. In other words, the partition may be formed so that each section becomes a closed section. The size of each section divided by the partition is 20 mm to 30 mm on a side.
Size equivalent to 0 mm (20 mm to 3
(About 00 mm). If the compartments are too large, the same problem as described above may occur due to the movement of water in each compartment.

On the other hand, it is preferable that the sheet-like substrate of the above-mentioned plant growing soil covering material has a light-shielding ratio of 80% or more, particularly 90% or more. It can be used favorably as a weeding sheet, and by laying and covering the ground near the roots of fruit trees and vegetables, it blocks light on the lower surface of the covering material and prevents the growth of weeds. It is possible to promote the growth of the target plant by moisturizing.

[0010]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described based on examples.

The plant-growing soil covering material 1 according to this embodiment is
It is suitably formed as a grass sheet, and as shown in FIG. 1, a partition 3 is formed in a grid shape in a sheet surface 2a of a sheet substrate 2 having water permeability.

The sheet-like substrate 2 is preferably formed of fibers dyed or colored in a dark color (for example, black) so that the light-shielding ratio is 80% or more, preferably 90% or more. In this case, the dyeing or coloring method may be either dyed or original. For example, a black pigment can be mixed with a molten polymer to form a yarn, or a fiber containing carbon black can be mixed.

The sheet-like substrate 2 is composed of a porous film or sheet, a flexible polyurethane foam or other flexible foam, a nonwoven fabric, a fiber aggregate having a water permeability such as a fabric (woven fabric), or a laminate thereof. Can be.
The degree of water permeability is preferably such that the coefficient of water permeability is in the range of 5 × 10 ⁻² to 1 × 10 ⁻³ . Further, in addition to water permeability, those having moisture retention, mechanical strength, and flexibility (fitness to irregularities on the ground) are preferable.

[0014] Among the above-mentioned fiber aggregates, the "non-woven fabric" exhibits excellent resistance to weeds having considerable penetrating power, such as litter and plows. It is excellent as a constituent material of the sheet-like base material 2 in that the water permeability, flexibility, air permeability and the like can be adjusted.

Here, the nonwoven fabric forming the sheet-like substrate 2 will be described. Examples of the nonwoven fabric constituting the sheet-like substrate 2 include a wet nonwoven fabric, a dry nonwoven fabric, a spunbonded nonwoven fabric, a melt-blown nonwoven fabric, a flash-spun nonwoven fabric,
Although any of the tow-spreading nonwoven fabrics can be used, a web is formed by a spunbond method, and the obtained web is subjected to needle punching, or is subjected to needle punching after once winding the web. It is preferable to use a nonwoven fabric obtained by a needle punching process. The constituent fibers of the nonwoven fabric are, for example, polyethylene terephthalate,
A polyester-based polymer such as polybutylene terephthalate, or an acid component such as phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyethoxyphenyl) propane; Copolyesters obtained by copolymerizing diol components such as bisphenol A and 1,4 butanediol; polyolefin polymers such as polyethylene and polypropylene; polyamide polymers such as nylon 6 and nylon 66; and polyvinyl such as vinylon. Alcohol-based polymer, acetate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyacrylonitrile, or a fiber made of these polymers, or a bonded composite fiber or a core-sheath composite fiber obtained by combining two or more different polymers. Of may be one of those, but it is preferable to use a nonwoven fabric made of polyester. In this case, the constituent fibers may be either long fibers or short fibers, but long fibers are more preferable in terms of physical sheet properties against weeds. The single fiber fineness of the constituent fibers of the nonwoven fabric is 1
-10 denier, preferably 3-7 denier, especially 4-
It is preferably formed from 6 denier fibers. If it is significantly smaller than 1 denier, not only the water permeability will be insufficient, but also the fibers will be easily cut when subjected to needle punching, and the mechanical properties such as tear strength and tensile strength of the nonwoven fabric will be reduced.
On the other hand, when it is significantly larger than 10 denier, the flexibility is insufficient and the fibers are not sufficiently entangled with each other, and the mechanical properties such as the tear strength of the obtained nonwoven fabric are reduced. The basis weight (thickness) of the nonwoven fabric is 8 to 1000 g / m ² , preferably 50 to 300 g / m ² . By taking a sufficient basis weight, a sufficient light-shielding effect for weeding can be obtained, but if it is significantly smaller than 8 g / m ² , not only the number of fibers constituting the nonwoven fabric is small, but also the light-shielding property is insufficient, It becomes easy to fly by wind and the like. In addition, the mechanical strength of the weed control sheet is also reduced, and there is a possibility that the weeds grow and break through the sheet, so that the weed control sheet cannot function as a weed control sheet. On the other hand, if the basis weight exceeds 1000 g / m ² , it becomes too heavy and handling becomes difficult.

In summary, the sheet-like substrate 2 of the present invention
Is based on a black polyester fiber having a single yarn fineness of 3 to 7 deniers, and has a basis weight (thickness) of 50 to 300 g / m ^2.
It is most preferable to use a nonwoven fabric which has been subjected to a needle punching treatment so that Such a nonwoven fabric has not only sufficient water permeability, moisture retention, and mechanical strength, but also has flexibility, easily conforms to the ridge shape and unevenness of the ground, and has excellent workability in laying work. I have.

Next, as for the partition 3, for example, a water-impermeable material such as latex or acrylic resin is permeated into the sheet-like base material 2, and as shown in FIG. About 80 to 100%, preferably 90 to 100%, of the water-impermeable layer 4 formed of a water-impermeable material in the thickness direction (i.e., on the two-dot chain line in FIG. By continuously forming the sheet 4 in the sheet surface 2a linearly, it is possible to form the sheet so that moisture does not pass through the water-impermeable layer 4. In addition, as shown in FIG. 3, for example, as shown in FIG.
On the sheet surface 2a of the sheet-like base material 2, the linear heating portions 10, 10
The sheet-like base material 2 can be melted along the contact portion and changed to the water-impermeable layer 4 by, for example, contact. In this case, when the material of the sheet-like base material 2 has a high melting point such as polyester fiber, a partition can be provided at a lower temperature by blending fibers having a low melting point. Further, by applying a solvent to the sheet surface 2a, the material of the sheet-like substrate 2 can be changed to the water-impermeable layer 4.

The partition 3 is formed vertically and horizontally so as to form a lattice in the sheet surface 2a, and a plurality of rectangular sections 5 are provided in the sheet surface 2a. At this time, the partition 3
Do not move water in the direction of the sheet surface. In other words, in order to confine the water in each section 5 and allow it to permeate below,
Each section 5 is completely independent from the adjacent section. In other words, each section 5 needs to be formed so as to be closed. The size of each section is preferably formed to a size corresponding to 20 mm to 300 mm on one side. If the compartments are too large, the same problem as described above may occur due to the movement of water in each compartment.

In the plant-growing soil covering material 1, it is optional to previously make holes and rips for planting seedlings and holes for planting seeds in the sheet surface 2a.

(Example of Use) Such a soil covering material 1 is laid on a nursery soil surface when, for example, weeds are not growing, and then a target plant is planted in a nursery hole provided in the laid soil covering material 1. Put on. Then, since this soil covering material 1 has a high light-shielding effect, germination of weed seeds can be almost completely suppressed. In addition, water or nutrients can be smoothly supplied to the target plant via the soil covering material 1, and the growth of the target plant can be sufficiently promoted.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partially sectional perspective view showing an example of a plant growing soil covering material according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a partially cross-sectional perspective view showing a cut surface of the plant growing soil covering material of FIG. 2 in an enlarged manner.

FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional perspective view showing an example of a means for forming a partition.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a usage state of a conventional plant growing soil covering material.

FIG. 5 is a top view showing a movement path of moisture in a conventional plant growing soil covering material.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Plant growing soil covering material 2 Sheet-shaped base material 3 Partition 4 Non-permeable layer 5 Section

Claims (5)

[Claims] A partition is provided so as to divide a sheet surface of a sheet substrate having water permeability into a plurality of sections, and water in the sheet substrate is not diffused in the sheet surface direction beyond the partition. Plant growing soil covering material. 2. The plant-growing soil covering material according to claim 1, wherein the partition is formed by forming a moisture shielding layer so as to extend substantially over a cross section of the sheet-shaped substrate. 3. The plant growing soil covering material according to claim 1, wherein each section provided by the partition has a size corresponding to about 20 mm to 300 mm on a side. 4. The plant-growing soil covering material according to claim 1, wherein the sheet-like substrate has a light-shielding ratio of 80% or more. 5. The sheet-like substrate has a single-cell fineness of about 1 to 10.
A denier, cultivating plant soil dressing according to any of claims 1 to 4 is made of a nonwoven fabric by the needle punching basis weight of about 50 to 300 g / m ^2.