JP2002053402A - Freshness retaining agent for cut flowers and method of retaining freshness of cut flowers - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a freshness retaining agent for cut flowers and a method of retaining freshness of the cut flowers excellent in effects such as prevention of deterioration of freshness caused from withering of petals and leaves of the cut flowers, yellowing of the leaves or the like, prevention of bent neck or the like and delaying effect of flowering or the like. SOLUTION: This freshness retaining agent for cut flowers includes a fungicide having average halo width of 0.05-7 mm at 100 ppm of concentration to each bacteria belonging to genus Pseudomonas, genus Enterobacter and genus Bacillus, and a compound having a function suppressing perspiration from leaves, and the method of retaining freshness of the cut flowers exists the freshness retaining agent in the preserving water.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to an agent for maintaining freshness of cut flowers and a method for maintaining freshness of cut flowers.
The present invention relates to an agent for maintaining freshness of cut flowers and a method for maintaining freshness of cut flowers, which is excellent in effects such as deterioration of freshness due to withering of petals and leaves of cut flowers, yellowing of leaves, prevention of bent neck, and delaying flowering.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, consumption of cut flowers has been increasing irrespective of whether they are for business use or for home use, and accordingly, consumption from producers to retailers and from retailers to consumers has further increased. The importance of preserving the freshness of cut flowers at the consumer stage is increasing more and more, and as a pretreatment agent used at the time of landing immediately after harvesting at the producer stage, an aqueous solution of a silver thiosulfate complex salt is often used. As post-treatment agents used in the stages after retailers, fungicides, surfactants, and various freshness preserving agents mainly containing nutrients such as inorganic salts, sugars, and nitrogen are used.

However, an aqueous solution of a silver thiosulfate complex is
It has a problem in that it has a high effect only on cuticles with high sensitivity to ethylene such as carnation, sweet pea, delphinium, gypsophila, and environmental pollution due to the inclusion of silver. Quaternary ammonium polysaccharides, abscisic acid, and the like are also known, but all have insufficient effects.

On the other hand, a quaternary ammonium salt polymer has also been proposed as a freshness preserving agent having a high effect on roses, chrysanthemums, gerberas and the like (see JP-A-8-198702 and JP-A-8-198703). However, the flower still satisfies the market demands, such as withering before the dew core, or yellowing of the leaves, etc. At present, it has not been achieved.

[0005]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned situation. Therefore, the present invention provides a method for reducing freshness caused by petals and leaves of cut flowers, withering of leaves, yellowing of leaves, etc. It is an object of the present invention to provide a cut flower freshness preserving agent and a cut flower freshness preserving method which are excellent in effects such as prevention of flowering and in delaying flowering.

[0006]

Means for Solving the Problems The present inventors have conducted intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, and as a result, have found that a fungicide having a specific halo width for specific bacteria and a compound having an action of suppressing water evaporation from leaves are provided. A freshness preservative combining
The present invention has been accomplished by finding that the above object can be achieved, that is, the present invention provides a Pseudomonas genus, an Enterobacter genus, and an average value of the halo width for each bacterium belonging to the genus Bacillus at a concentration of 100 ppm of 0.05 to
A fungicide of 7 mm, and a compound having an effect of suppressing the evaporation of water from leaves, a freshness preserving agent for cut flowers, and a method for preserving freshness of cut flowers, wherein the freshness preserving agent is present in fresh water. Make a summary.

[0007]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The fungicide contained in the cut flower freshness preserving agent of the present invention has an average halo width of 0 ppm at a concentration of 100 ppm for each bacterium belonging to the genera Pseudomonas, Enterobacter and Bacillus. .05-7
mm.

[0008] Here, the halo width is JIS L1902.
According to the “Test method for antibacterial activity of textile products” specified in
Bacterial staphylococcus used in the test method
Aureus (Staphylococcus aureus) and Klebsiella
Pseudomonas genus, Enterobacter (Entobacter) in place of Klebsiellapneumoniae
The average value of the halo width for each bacterium at a concentration of 100 ppm of a bactericide was determined using bacteria belonging to the genus erobacter and the genus Bacillus.

It is essential that the average value of each halo width for the three kinds of bacteria is 0.05 to 7 mm,
It is preferably from 0.3 to 4 mm, particularly preferably from 0.5 to 2 mm. When the average value of the halo width is less than the above range, the freshness preserving effect of the cut flower as a freshness preserving agent becomes insufficient, while, when the average value exceeds the range,
Toxicity to cut flowers has the opposite effect.

The genus Pseudomonas, the genus Enterobacter, and the genus Bacillus
lus) As bacteria belonging to the genus, specifically, for example,
Examples of bacteria belonging to the genus Pseudomonas include Pseudomonas fluorescence.
As a bacterium belonging to the genus Enterobacter, TCC13525 includes Enterobacter cloacae (Enterob
acter cloacae) ATCC13047, and bacteria belonging to the genus Bacillus include Bacillus cereus (Bacillus
cereus) ATCC 14579, respectively.
These strains can be easily obtained from institutions such as the American Type Culture Collection.

The fungicides satisfying the halo width defined in the present invention include, for example, 2-bromo-2-nitro-
Alcoholic fungicides such as 1,3-propanediol, 5
-Chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, isothiazoline fungicides such as 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, quinoline fungicides such as 8-hydroquinoline sulfate, chlorhexidine gluconate, Biguanide fungicides such as chlorhexidine hydrochloride and polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride, silver-containing compounds such as silver chloride and silver nitrate, and quaternary ammonium salt fungicides such as benzalkonium hydrochloride and dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride As a commercially available product, for example, "Mornon 98" manufactured by Katayama Chemical Co., Ltd.
0, "Mornon 970", "Somaside BP" of Somar, "SN Side 731" of Sannopco, "Hocside N-100" of Hokuko Sangyo, "Deltop 169" of Takeda Pharmaceutical, "Sluoff 91" And so on.
In addition, commercially available antibiotics such as quinoline antibiotics such as norfloxacin and ofloxacin, naphthyridine antibiotics such as enoxacin, and tetracycline antibiotics such as minocycline hydrochloride can also be used as bactericides in the present invention. .

The compound of the present invention, which is contained in the freshness preserving agent for cut flowers and has an action of suppressing water evaporation from leaves, has an effect of closing pores and suppressing water evaporation from leaves. For example, a compound that is conventionally known as a seed compound such as abscisic acid, 8-HQC (hydroxyquinoline citrate), and a quaternary ammonium salt polymer may be used. it can.

In the present invention, as the compound having an effect of suppressing water evaporation from leaves, a quaternary ammonium salt polymer is preferable. In particular, an amine compound represented by the following general formula (I), epihalohydrin, alkylenediamine A quaternary ammonium salt polymer which is a reaction product with any compound selected from the group consisting of halides, dihalogenoalkylene oxides, and diepoxides is preferred.

[0014]

Embedded image

[In the formula (I), R ¹ , R ² , R ³ and R ⁴
Each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms or a hydrogen atom, A ¹ represents an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and n is an integer of 0 to 5. ]

Here, R ¹ and R in the general formula (I)
The alkyl group of ² , R ³ and R ⁴ and the alkylene group of A ¹ may be linear or branched. Specific examples of these amine compounds include, for example, ammonia, methylamine, dimethylamine, dipropylamine, methylethylamine, methylpropylamine, ethylpropylamine, etc. , N is 1 as ethylenediamine, N, N-dimethylethylenediamine, N, N ′
-Dimethylethylenediamine, N, N-diethylethylenediamine, propylenediamine, N, N-dimethylpropylenediamine, N, N, N ', N'-tetramethylethylenediamine, and the like, and polyamines having n of 2 to 5 include: Examples thereof include diethylenetriamine, triethylenetriamine, and tetraethylenepentamine. These amines, diamines and polyamines are
A combination of two or more species may be used.

The epihalohydrin to be reacted with the amine compound is represented by the following general formula (II).

[0018]

Embedded image

[In the formula (II), X ¹ represents a halogen atom. ]

Here, as the halogen atom of X ¹ in the general formula (II), fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine is generally considered, and among them, epichlorohydrin in which the halogen atom is chlorine is preferable.

The alkylene dihalide to be reacted with the amine compound includes those represented by the following general formula (III).

[0022]

Embedded image

[In the formula (III), A ² represents an alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and X ² and X ³ represent a halogen atom. ]

The alkylene group represented by A ² in the general formula (III) may be linear or branched, and the halogen atom of X ² and X ³ may be fluorine, chlorine, Bromine or iodine is generally of interest, and X ² and X ³ may be the same or different. Specific examples of these alkylene dihalides include, for example, dichloroethane, dichloropropane, dichlorobutane, dichlorohexane, dichlorononane, dibromoethane, bromochloropropane, dibromopropane, dibromohexane and the like. Among them, 1,3-dichloropropane is preferred.

As the dihalogenoalkyl ether to be reacted with the amine compound, those represented by the following general formula (IV) can be mentioned.

[0026]

Embedded image

[In the formula (IV), A ³ and A ⁴ each independently represent an alkylene group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and X ⁴ and X ⁵
Represents a halogen atom, and m is an integer of 1 to 12. ]

Here, the alkylene groups of A ³ and A ⁴ in the general formula (IV) may be linear or branched, and the halogen atoms of X ⁴ and X ⁵ are fluorine. , Chlorine, bromine, or iodine are generally of interest, and X ⁴ and X ⁵ may be the same or different. Specific examples of these dihalogenoalkyl ethers include, for example, when m is 1, 2,2′-dichloroethyl ether, 2,2′-dibromoethyl ether, 3,3′-dichloropropyl ether, 2,3 -Dichloropropyl ether, 4,4'-dibromobutyl ether and the like. When m is 2 or more, dihalogeno obtained by a dehydration reaction of polyethylene oxide having a degree of polymerization of up to 10 with a halogenated alkyl ether, etc. Alkyl ether and the like. Among them, 2,2′-dichloroethyl ether is preferred.

The diepoxide to be reacted with the amine compound includes those represented by the following general formula (V).

[0030]

Embedded image

[In the formula (V), A ⁵ represents an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkylene glycol group or a polyalkylene glycol group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, or a direct bond. ]

Here, the alkylene group of A ⁵ , the alkylene glycol group or the polyalkylene glycol group may be linear or branched. Specific examples of these diepoxides include, for example, 1,3-butadiene diepoxide, 1,4-pentadiene diepoxide, 1,5-hexadiene diepoxide, 1,6-heptadiene diepoxide, and 1,7-octadiene. Examples include enedepoxide, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, and triethylene glycol diglycidyl ether.

In the present invention, one or more of the amine compounds represented by the above general formula (I) is reacted with one or more of the above-mentioned epihalohydrin, alkylene dihalide, dihalogenoalkylene oxide or diepoxide. ,
In order to obtain a compound having an effect of suppressing water evaporation, a method described in detail in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-198702 or the like can be used in the presence of a solvent such as water, methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, or dimethylformamide. The reaction is carried out at a temperature of 30 to 100 ° C. under stirring in an active gas atmosphere. Incidentally, the water-soluble polymer as a reaction product obtained, as a counter anion, epihalohydrin, alkylene dihalide, or may convert a halogen ion derived from dihalogenoalkylene oxide to another counter anion,
Alternatively, the polymer may be converted to a hydroxide by removing the counter anion.

In the present invention, the ratio of the fungicide to the compound having an effect of suppressing water evaporation from leaves in the freshness preserving agent for cut flowers is 0.5: 99.5 to 99: 1% by weight. Is preferably 1:99 to 60: 40% by weight, more preferably 3:97 to 40: 60% by weight. Regardless of whether the ratio of the fungicide is less than the above range or more than the above range, it is difficult to exhibit the effects of the present invention as a freshness retaining agent for cut flowers.

The freshness preserving agent of the present invention is used in the form of an aqueous solution to be present in fresh water of cut flowers. The concentration at that time is controlled by the fungicide and a compound having an effect of suppressing the evaporation of water from leaves. For each, 10-1000p
pm, and particularly preferably about 50 to 500 ppm.

In addition to the freshness preserving agent, inorganic salts, sugars, vitamins, plant hormones and the like may be mixed in the aqueous solution as required.

[0037]

EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples unless it exceeds the gist of the invention.

Examples of Measurement of Halo Width of Disinfectants As disinfectants, "Mornon 980" by Katayama Chemical Co., "Somaside BP" by Somar, "Norfloxacin" by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, and p-chloro-3,5 -Using xylenol, the halo width of each of them was measured by the method described below.

Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pseu
domonas fluorescence) The stock strain of ATCC13525 was transplanted to a normal agar slant medium (manufactured by Eiken Co., Ltd.) and incubated at 30 ° C for 2 hours.
After culturing for 4 hours, one platinum loop of the culture was transplanted to a bouillon medium (manufactured by Eiken Co., Ltd.) and cultured at 30 ° C. for 24 hours. On the other hand, in an autoclave, a normal agar medium (manufactured by Eiken Co., Ltd.) sterilized by moist heat at 121 ° C. for 15 minutes was cooled to 48 ° C., and the test bacteria pre-cultured in a bouillon medium were inoculated to 10 ⁶ cells / ml. 80 ml of the test bacterial inoculated agar medium
Inject into a sterile Petri dish of mm × 230mm, solidify,
A pour agar plate medium was prepared. Subsequently, 8m in diameter
m, 1.5 mm thick sterilized paper disc (filter paper for antibiotics assay, manufactured by Advantech Co.)
After impregnating with a test bactericide aqueous solution of pm, gently place on the above-prepared pour agar plate medium and adhere to each other.
The culture was allowed to stand at 0 ° C. for 24 hours, and the width of the transparent portion formed around the paper disk was measured as the halo width. This measurement was performed on three samples.

In addition, Enterobacter kuroakae (Enter
(B. cloacae) ATCC13047, and also for the stock strain of Bacillus cereus (Bacillus cereus) ATCC14579, in the same manner as described above except that the culture temperature was 37 ° C, to prepare a pour agar plate medium, and subsequently, the culture temperature The temperature was set at 37 ° C., and static culture was carried out in the same manner as described above, and the halo width was measured.

For each bactericide, the results of measuring the halo width for the above three types of bacteria were simply averaged and are shown below. "Mornon 980"; 1.6 mm "Somaside BP"; 0.7 mm "Norfloxacin"; 7.3 mm p-chloro-3,5-xylenol; 0.05 mm

Production Example A of Quaternary Ammonium Salt Polymer 100 g of a 50% aqueous dimethylamine solution was charged into a closed reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, a reflux condenser, and a thermometer, and the atmosphere in the vessel was replaced with nitrogen gas. While maintaining the temperature inside the container at 70 ° C. while stirring, epichlorohydrin 1
03 g (1: 1 molar ratio of dimethylamine and epichlorohydrin) was added and reacted by stirring and mixing for 3 hours to obtain a reaction product aqueous solution, which was further diluted with water to adjust the concentration of the reaction product to 50% by weight. did. The intrinsic viscosity of the obtained reaction product was 0.20 dl / g.

Examples 1 to 4 The fungicides shown in Table 1 and the quaternary ammonium salt polymer obtained in Production Example A were used at a concentration of 100 pp.
m, and the cut end of the harvested rose (variety: Rotelose) was immersed in the aqueous solution at 8 ° C. for 24 hours in the dark, and then left in a cardboard box overnight. Then, a group of five bottles was inserted into a plastic container containing 2 liters of tap water at 25 ° C. and 70% RH.
It was left under an environment of a light period of 12 hours and a dark period of 12 hours at an illuminance of 1200 lux, and the degree of flowering and bent neck was observed in each of two groups, and the degree of flowering at that time was shown in the flowering stage ( I to VIII), the bent neck was evaluated using the bent neck degree (0 to +++) shown in FIG. 2 as an index, and the results are shown in Table 1.

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES 1-6 Except that the bactericide shown in Table 1 or the quaternary ammonium salt polymer obtained in Production Example A was immersed in an aqueous solution used so as to have a concentration of 200 ppm. The degree of flowering and bent neck was evaluated in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 4, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0045]

[Table 1]

[0046]

Industrial Applicability According to the present invention, cut flowers are excellent in effects such as deterioration of freshness due to wilting of petals and leaves and yellowing of leaves, prevention of bent neck, and effect of delaying flowering. A cut flower freshness preservative, which can extend the period
In addition, a method for maintaining freshness of cut flowers can be provided.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing evaluation indices of a rose flowering stage in Examples and Comparative Examples according to the cut flower freshness preserving method of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a view showing an evaluation index of about a rose bent neck in Examples and Comparative Examples according to the cut flower freshness preserving method of the present invention.

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. The average halo width for each bacterium belonging to the genus Pseudomonas, Enterobacter and Bacillus is 0.05 to 7 mm at a concentration of 100 ppm.
And a compound having an action of suppressing water evaporation from leaves. 2. The average value of the halo width of the fungicide is 0.5-2.
The freshness preserving agent for cut flowers according to claim 1, which is in mm. 3. The ratio of the fungicide to the compound having an action of suppressing water evaporation from leaves is 0.5: 99.5 to 9: 9.
The agent for maintaining freshness of cut flowers according to claim 1 or 2, which is 9: 1% by weight. 4. A compound having an action of suppressing water evaporation from leaves is selected from the group consisting of an amine compound represented by the following general formula (I), epihalohydrin, alkylene dihalide, dihalogenoalkylene oxide, and diepoxide. The agent for maintaining freshness of cut flowers according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is a reaction product with any one of the selected compounds. Embedded image [In formula (I), R ¹ , R ² , R ³ , and R ⁴ each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or a hydrogen atom;
A ¹ represents an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and n represents 0 to 5
Is an integer. ] 5. A method for preserving freshness of cut flowers, wherein the agent for preserving freshness of cut flowers according to claim 1 is present in fresh water.