JP2002027637A - Circuit unit for high-voltage electrical junction box - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To avoid a leakage current between bus-bars to which different voltages are applied in an electrical junction box. SOLUTION: Low-voltage system bus-bars, to which a voltage which is not higher than 14 V or not higher than 28 V is applied, and high-voltage system bus-bars to which a voltage higher than the voltage applied to the low-voltage system bus-bars and not higher than 200 V is applied are provided. The low- voltage system bus-bars and the high-voltage system bus-bars are arranged on a same surface of the same insulating board. The high-voltage system bus- bars are arranged together in a section of one side of the surface and the low- voltage system bus-bars are arranged together in a section of the other side. The section of the high-voltage system bus-bars and the section of the low- voltage system bus-bars are separated from each other with a spacing of 1 mm-30 mm. The adjacent high-voltage system bus-bars are separated from each other, with spacings of 1 mm-30 mm.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a circuit used for a high-voltage electrical junction box mounted on an automobile.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in an internal combustion engine type passenger car, a single battery having a rated voltage of 12 V and a maximum voltage of 14 V is mounted, and a voltage of a maximum of 14 V is applied from the battery to a circuit such as a bus bar in an electric junction box. Power is distributed by an internal circuit of the electric connection box, and electric components mounted on the vehicle are controlled and signals are transmitted and received through electric wires connected to the internal circuit. Note that a voltage of 24 V and a maximum voltage of 28 V may be applied to the track on the track.

In recent years, the number of electrical components mounted on automobiles has increased rapidly, and the amount of current supplied to one electrical component tends to increase. For example, the power required to drive a fan has conventionally been 130 watts. However, in recent years it has been 260 watts. Further, an intake / exhaust device for an engine requiring a high voltage such as 36 V, an electric power steering, etc. are rated 1
It cannot be operated with a 2V battery power supply, and is therefore operated mechanically by the driving force of the engine.

[0004] As described above, the diameter of the electric wire is increased as the required current amount of the single electric component is increased, and the number of electric wires is increased due to the rapid increase of the electric component. . As a result, the weight of electric wires routed to the vehicle increases. Also, as in the case of the above-mentioned engine intake / exhaust device, it cannot be operated with a power supply from a battery due to a large required power, and if it is operated mechanically, fine intake / exhaust control cannot be performed, and fuel consumption becomes poor. It is not preferable from the viewpoint of environment. Therefore, it is preferable that the electromagnetic valve and the like, which are conventionally operated by a mechanical cam, are electrically driven by a power source from a battery as much as possible.

[0005] In view of the above, in a passenger car, when boosting the voltage so as to be able to apply not only a voltage of up to 14 V but also a voltage higher than the voltage from a battery generally mounted,
The required current amount can be reduced, and accordingly, the wire diameter can be reduced and the wire bundle (wire harness) can be reduced, and the wire weight can be reduced. In addition, the above-described engine intake / exhaust device and power steering, which have conventionally been operated mechanically or hydraulically, can be electrically controlled, and accordingly, fine control of the intake / exhaust system is enabled, and fuel consumption is improved and the environment is improved. be able to.

[0006]

As described above, it is preferable to apply a high voltage of about 42 V to an electric power steering, an engine intake / exhaust device, a fan, etc., which require a large amount of electric power. The system and the coil of the relay, etc. have the same rated power of 12 V (maximum voltage of 14
V).

Accordingly, a circuit in which a low voltage of a maximum voltage of 14 V is applied to a circuit of an electric junction box for distributing power,
When a circuit to which a high voltage of about V is applied is provided, a leakage current due to a potential difference is likely to occur. Further, there is a problem that a leak current easily occurs even between circuits to which a high voltage such as 42 V is applied.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and has as its object to prevent the occurrence of leakage current when a circuit to which a low voltage is applied and a circuit to which a high voltage is applied are provided. And

[0009]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a low-voltage bus bar to which a maximum voltage of 14 V or 28 V is applied, and a low-voltage bus bar applied to the low-voltage bus bar of 200 V or less. A high-voltage busbar to which a voltage is applied is provided, and the low-voltage busbar and the high-voltage busbar are arranged on one insulating plate of the same layer, and the high-voltage busbar is provided on one side of the insulating plate. A high-voltage electrical connection box in which the voltage busbars are collectively arranged on the other side and are separated from each other, and the section where the high-voltage busbars are combined and the section where the low-voltage busbars are combined are separated within a range of 1 mm to 30 mm. The circuit body used for is provided.

As described above, the high-voltage bus bar and the low-voltage bus bar are separated from each other at a location where the leakage current is likely to occur when they are disposed adjacent to each other, and the air-insulated area of 1 to 30 mm is provided. Leakage current between the bus bar and the low-voltage bus bar can be prevented. As described above, by adopting a configuration for preventing generation of a leak current, the low-voltage bus bar and the high-voltage bus bar can be arranged on one insulating plate constituting the same layer, and these different voltage buses can be arranged. Since it is not necessary to layer the bus bars to which the voltage is applied, it is possible to prevent the electric connection box from being enlarged.

Further, in the section where the high-voltage bus bars are collectively arranged, the adjacent high-voltage bus bars are further separated from each other by a distance of 1 to 30 mm. When the high-voltage bus bars are arranged adjacent to each other, a leak current is easily generated therebetween. However, since the high-voltage bus bars are separated from each other by 1 to 30 mm, the occurrence of the leak current can be prevented.

The low-voltage busbar and the high-voltage busbar are fixed to the substrate resin portion by inserting ribs protruding from the insulating plate into holes formed in these busbars and caulking. I have.

The high voltage is preferably 42V. The reason why the voltage is set to 42 V is that if three batteries having a rated voltage of 12 V (maximum voltage: 14 V), which are widely used in passenger cars, are connected in series, the voltage can be easily increased to 42 V. It goes without saying that one battery with a maximum voltage of 42 V may be provided. The reason why the maximum voltage is set to 42 V is that if the voltage is raised to more than 50 V beyond 42 V, it is dangerous if a person accidentally touches it. Further, as a result of the present inventor fitting the terminal connected to the electric wire terminal to the tab of the bus bar and applying a high voltage to the bus bar and performing a salt water immersion experiment, even if the voltage is increased to 42 V, the electric component to be energized is easily melted. No loss was caused.
Specifically, the voltage was applied continuously at 42 V for 8 hours, and then the application was stopped for 16 hours. Even if this was repeated twice, no ignition or melting phenomenon occurred, and melting occurred at the third time. Therefore, it has been confirmed from a normal use condition of an automobile that there is no problem even when a high voltage of 42 V is applied.

[0014]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. First, as schematically shown in FIG.
A passenger car to which the present invention is applied is an engine car using an engine E mounted in an engine room (X) for running and power generation. The low-voltage battery 1 and the high-voltage battery are provided in the engine room (X). 2 is installed. The low-voltage battery 1 is a single battery having a rated voltage of 12 V and a maximum voltage of 14 V, which are widely used. The high-voltage battery 2 includes three batteries 2a, 2b, and 2c each having a rated voltage of 12 V similar to the above-described battery.
Are connected in series to have a maximum voltage of 42V. It goes without saying that one battery with a maximum voltage of 42 V may be used.

The low-voltage battery 1 is connected to a low-voltage bus bar 10 housed in an electric junction box 3 consisting of a junction box mounted on the indoor side Y (in some cases, in the engine room) and is connected to a low-voltage bus (maximum voltage). 14V). The high-voltage battery 2 is connected to a high-voltage bus bar 11 housed in the electric junction box 3 to apply a high voltage (a maximum voltage of 42 V).

As shown in FIG. 2, circuit bodies 5 are vertically stacked inside the electric junction box 3. As shown in FIG. 3, one of the stacked circuit bodies 5 partitions the insulating plate 12 into left and right sides, and the low voltage bus bars 10 are collectively disposed in one partition S1. The high-voltage bus bars 11 are collectively arranged in the section S2. An air insulation area A1 to which no bus bar is fixed is provided between these sections S1 and S2, and a width L1 of the air insulation area A1 is 1 mm to 30 mm.
In the present embodiment, it is 20 mm.

Further, in the section S2 where the high-voltage bus bars 11 are arranged, an air insulation area A2 having a width of 1 mm to 30 mm is arranged between the adjacent high-voltage bus bars 11. In the present embodiment, the width L2 of the air insulation area A2 is set to 10 mm.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the insulating plate 12 has busbar fixing ribs 12b protruding from the surface of a thin plate-like substrate portion 12a as in the prior art. These ribs 12b are provided on the strip-shaped horizontal portions 10a of the bus bars 10, 11,
After being inserted into the mounting holes 10b and 11b formed in advance in the base 11a, the ribs are fixed to the surface of the substrate 12a by caulking the ends of the ribs.

Further, the bus bars 10 and 11 are provided with tabs 10c and 11c projecting from the band-shaped horizontal portions 10a and 11a in the same manner as in the prior art. These tabs 10c, 1
Reference numeral 1c denotes a connector provided on the outer surface of the case of the electric connection box 3 directly or via a relay terminal, which is fitted and connected to a terminal of an external circuit. That is, the terminal of the wire terminal connected to the low-voltage battery 1 is fitted and connected to the tab 10c on the power supply side of the low-voltage bus bar 10, and the tab 11c on the power supply side of the high-voltage bus bar 11 is The terminal of the wire terminal connected to the high-voltage battery 2 is fitted and connected. On the load side of the high-voltage bus bar 11, actuators having a large required power, such as a power steering and an engine intake / exhaust device, are connected and operated. On the other hand, the load side of the low-voltage bus bar 10 is connected to devices such as sensors and lamps that require a small amount of power, as in the conventional case.

As described above, even if the low-voltage bus bar 10 and the high-voltage bus bar 11 having different voltages are arranged in one circuit body 5 constituting the same layer, these bus bars 10 and 11
The high voltage bus bar 11 is buried in the resin because the air insulation area A1 is separated and the air insulation area A1 is separated, so that a leak current is generated between the bus bars 10 and 11 to which different voltages are applied. It can be prevented from occurring. In addition, since the air insulating area A2 is also provided between the adjacent high-voltage bus bars 11, the leak current can be prevented from being generated between the high-voltage bus bars 11.

In the above embodiment, the maximum voltage of 42 V is applied to the high-voltage bus bar 11. However, if the battery is lightened and the safety is sufficiently ensured, the voltage is higher than 42V and reaches 200V. It goes without saying that a high voltage may be applied.

Further, as shown in FIG. 5, the insulating plate 12 is divided into front and rear sides, and the low-voltage bus bars 10 are collectively arranged in the front section S1, while the high-voltage bus bars are arranged in the rear section S2. 11 may be arranged together.

The above embodiment relates to a general passenger car equipped with a battery having a rated voltage of 12 V. However, a maximum voltage of 28 V is applied to a passenger car or a maximum voltage of 28 V is applied to a truck. in case of,
The bus bar to which the maximum voltage of 28 V is applied is referred to as the low-voltage bus bar. The bus bar to which the voltage of the maximum voltage of 42 V is applied is distinguished from the bus bar to be disposed inside the electric connection box as the same configuration as the above embodiment. I have.

[0024]

As is apparent from the above description, according to the present invention, in order to reduce the amount of current, to reduce the thickness of the electric wire and to prevent the wiring harness from being enlarged, the voltage is increased and the low-voltage busbar is reduced. When the high-voltage busbar and the high-voltage busbar are housed inside the electrical junction box, the busbars to which these different voltages are applied are separately arranged and the air insulation area is opened, so that the low-voltage busbar and the high-voltage busbar It is possible to prevent a leak current from being generated between the system bus bar. Similarly, since an air insulation area is provided between adjacent high-voltage bus bars, it is possible to prevent a leak current from being generated between the high-voltage bus bars.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a state where a circuit body is housed in the electric junction box shown in FIG.

3A is a perspective view of a circuit body, and FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view of a main part.

FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view showing an insulating plate and a bus bar arranged on the insulating plate.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing another embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Low-voltage battery 2 High-voltage battery 3 Electric junction box 5 Circuit body 10 Low-voltage bus bar 10c tab 11 High-voltage bus bar 11c tab 12 Insulation plate S1, S2 Section A1, A2 Air insulation area

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A low-voltage bus bar to which a maximum voltage of 14 V or 28 V is applied, and a high-voltage bus bar to which a voltage higher than the applied voltage of the low voltage bus bar and 200 V or less is applied. System bus bar and high voltage system bus bar are arranged on one insulating plate of the same layer, the high voltage system bus bar is arranged on one side of the insulating plate, and the low voltage system bus bar is arranged and arranged on the other side, A circuit body for use in a high-voltage electrical junction box in which a section in which high-voltage bus bars are combined and a section in which low-voltage bus bars are combined are separated by a distance of 1 mm to 30 mm. 2. The high-voltage bus according to claim 1, wherein in the section where the high-voltage busbars are collectively arranged, the adjacent high-voltage busbars are further separated within a range of 1 to 30 mm. Circuits used in voltage junction boxes. 3. The high-voltage bus bar has a maximum voltage of 4.
The circuit body used in the high-voltage electric connection box according to claim 1 or 2, wherein 2 V is applied.