JP2002014674A - Sequence data processing method and sequencer, and electronic musical instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a sequence data processing method and a sequencer, and an electronic musical instrument capable of dealing with the change in tempo or the like and outputting a relative time system and an absolute time system making them correspond to each other while taking an advantage of the relative time system that is sensuously easy to grasp. SOLUTION: This invention is characterized in storing sequence data containing execution times in a relative time system and plural event data of the events to be executed a the times, storing an accumulated relative time, an accumulated absolute time, and each initial value of executing tempos as prescribed start time values, reading the event data in order of execution time, deciding a relative time difference that is a difference between the execution time presented thereby and the accumulated relative time, deciding an absolute time difference based on the executing tempo at that point of time and the relative time difference, updating the relative time difference by accumulating it on the accumulated relative time, updating the absolute time difference by accumulating it on the accumulated absolute time, making the accumulated relative time correspond to the accumulated absolute time using the former as the relative timing information and using the latter as the absolute timing information, to output them, and executing the events.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a sequence data processing method, a sequencer, and an electronic musical instrument.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, electronic musical instruments such as an electronic piano, an electronic organ, and a synthesizer are increasingly equipped with a function (sequencer) for automatic performance (automatic accompaniment, autoplay) using various instrument sounds. In this type of sequencer, sequence data in an SMF (Standard MIDI File) format or the like for automatic performance is stored, and a performance is performed based on the sequence data. For this reason, the sequence data basically includes performance information and time information indicating when the information is to be executed. The time management methods in this case are roughly classified into two types: an absolute time (time) system and a relative time system. In this regard, since the musical score is expressed in a relative time system so that the actual performance time differs even for the same quarter note depending on the performance tempo, the relative time system is more intuitively matched. For this reason, basically, a relative time system is often used.

[0003] As a sequencer of this type, the number of notes (notes) that are being played automatically (eg, 2
The number of bars (for example, the fourth beat) of what bar (for example, the third bar) of the (tune) is displayed on the display on the panel, such as "Song-bar-beat" (for example, "02-03-04"). Some are known in a form that can be displayed. In this case, "Song-
"Measure-beat" is basically a display of a relative time system. Thereby, the user can determine where the favorite song or favorite phrase is located in the entirety by “song-measure-beat”.
The next time, the same display is displayed, and the beginning is found by fast forward (FF) or rewind (REW).
Can hear. Further, a user who edits sequence data or the like can refer to it when editing.

[0004]

By the way, originally, time /
SMP which has a structure of minute / second / frame and is widely used as a VTR synchronization signal under time management based on absolute time (address, address) information (time management of an absolute time system)
TE (Society of Motion Picture and Television Eng
ineer) In recent years, the validity of time code (hereinafter abbreviated as “SMPTE”) has been understood due to the necessity of linking video and music, such as creating promotional videos and music videos. Is also used,
Has become popular. It is also used in the SMF format meta-events described above. Also, such as synchronization of MTR and sequencer
With the spread of SMPTE in studio work, MI
There is a growing need to manage DI synchronization with absolute time, similar to SMPTE, and accordingly, MIDI time suitable for absolute time-based time management with a time / minute / second / frame configuration similar to SMPTE. Code standards were added.

On the other hand, the enhancement of sound sources and the like, the all-in-one synthesizer, and the use of workstations make it possible to perform all data production from a sound source to a sequencer function by one unit. At least in the amateur world, synchronization is necessary. Has been reduced. Also, in the MIDI standard, a message that can be synchronized from the middle of a song or the like with a certain degree of freedom in a relative time system is prepared. Also, with a sequencer that uses time management in a relative time system, the tempo of the performance can be adjusted (designated / changed) at the start of the automatic performance,
Further, there is also known an automatic performance in which an operator (user) can adjust (change) the tempo of the performance in accordance with a so-called "slip" on the spot.

[0006] That is, the time management is divided into a time management based on a relative time system and a time management based on an absolute time system, and little consideration is given to the correspondence between them. For this reason, it is difficult to correspond the time information even if the sequence data created based on the time management of one of the systems is re-edited for the other, or the synchronized performance is performed with the sequencers of both the systems. There's a problem.

Therefore, the present invention can cope with a change in tempo, etc., and can output the relative time system and the absolute time system in association with each other while taking advantage of the relative time system which can be intuitively grasped from a musical score or the like. It is another object of the present invention to provide a sequence data processing method, a sequencer, and an electronic musical instrument that can provide time-corresponding information that can be used as reference when synchronizing with an absolute time system.

[0008]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a sequence data processing method comprising: a sequence data having a plurality of event data indicating an execution time indicated by a time unit of a relative time system and an event to be performed at the execution time; A sequence data storing step of storing an initial value of an accumulated relative time as a value of a predetermined start time, and an initial step of storing an initial value of an accumulated absolute time as a value of the predetermined start time. An absolute time storage step, an initial execution tempo storage step of storing an initial value of an execution tempo as the value of the predetermined start time, an event data reading step of reading the plurality of event data in the order of the execution time, A relative time difference determining unit that determines a relative time difference that is a difference between the execution time indicated by the event data and the accumulated relative time at that time. An absolute time difference determining step of determining an absolute time difference corresponding to the relative time difference based on the execution tempo at the time when the event data is read and the relative time difference; A cumulative relative time updating step of accumulating and updating the cumulative relative time, an accumulative absolute time updating step of accumulating and updating the absolute time difference with the cumulative absolute time at that time, and a relative clocking of the accumulated relative time. A time information output step of outputting the accumulated absolute time as the absolute time information in association with the relative time information, and an event execution step of executing the event indicated by the read event data. It is characterized by having.

According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a sequencer comprising: sequence data storage means for storing sequence data having a plurality of event data indicating an execution time indicated by a time unit of a relative time system and an event to be performed at the execution time; Initial relative time storage means for storing an initial value of the cumulative relative time as a start time value, initial absolute time storage means for storing an initial value of the cumulative absolute time as the predetermined start time value, Initial execution tempo storage means for storing an initial value of the execution tempo as a time value, event data reading means for reading the plurality of event data in the order of the execution time, execution time indicated by the read event data, and its time Relative time difference determining means for determining a relative time difference that is a difference from the cumulative relative time of the event data; Absolute time difference determining means for determining an absolute time difference corresponding to the relative time difference based on the execution tempo at the selected time and the relative time difference, and accumulating the relative time difference to the cumulative relative time at that time. Cumulative absolute time updating means for updating the absolute time difference, accumulative absolute time updating means for accumulating and updating the absolute time difference to the cumulative absolute time at that time,
A time information output unit that outputs the accumulated relative time as relative time information and outputs the accumulated absolute time as absolute time information in association with the relative time information; and executes an event indicated by the read event data. And an event execution unit that performs the operation.

In the sequence data processing method and the sequencer, sequence data having a plurality of event data indicating an execution time indicated by a time unit of a relative time system and an event to be performed at the execution time is stored, and a value of a predetermined start time is stored. , The initial value of the cumulative relative time is stored, the initial value of the cumulative absolute time is stored, and the initial value of the execution tempo is stored. From this state, a plurality of event data are read out in the order of execution time, and the event indicated by the read out event data is executed. Therefore, each event is executed in a sequence (execution order) defined as sequence data. On the other hand, a relative time difference that is a difference between the execution time indicated by the read event data and the accumulated relative time at that time is determined,
The absolute time difference corresponding to the relative time difference is determined based on the execution tempo and the relative time difference at the time when the event data is read out, and the relative time difference is accumulated / accumulated to the accumulated relative time at that time.
After updating, the absolute time difference is accumulated and updated to the accumulated absolute time at that time. That is, the cumulative absolute time indicating the time in the absolute time system is updated corresponding to the cumulative relative time indicating the time in the relative time system.

The accumulated relative time is output as relative timekeeping information, and the accumulated absolute time is output as absolute timekeeping information in association with the relative timekeeping information. Here, the relative time system time can be executed without any problem even if the execution tempo is forcibly changed from the outside during the execution of the sequence as long as the execution is performed in the relative time system. Therefore, by taking advantage of the relative time system that is easy to grasp intuitively, the sequence can be executed, and even if there is a tempo change in the middle, the relative time system time and the absolute time system time are linked. Can be output (processed). Conversely, the tempo can be forcibly changed during execution of the sequence while the relative time system and the absolute time system are associated with each other. For this reason, the relative time system and the absolute time system can be output (processed) in association with each other without any problem even if event data indicating an event for changing the execution tempo is included. In addition, this enables time-corresponding information to be used when synchronizing with the absolute time system, such as when editing into sequence data based on absolute time system time management, or when performing synchronized performance with a sequencer using absolute time system time management. Can be provided.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided the sequence data processing method, wherein one or more kinds of predetermined events including an event of an execution tempo change are determined, and an execution time indicated in a relative time system time unit and an event executed at the execution time are defined. A sequence data storing step of storing sequence data having a plurality of event data indicating a target time, a target time determining step of determining a target time indicating a target position on the sequence in a time unit of a relative time system, and a value of a predetermined start time An initial relative time storing step of storing an initial value of the cumulative relative time, an initial absolute time storing step of storing an initial value of the cumulative absolute time as the value of the predetermined start time, and executing as the value of the predetermined start time. An initial execution tempo storage step of storing an initial value of tempo, and reading the plurality of event data in the execution time order up to the target time. An event data reading step, and when an event indicated by the read event data is one of the plurality of types of predetermined events, a difference between an execution time indicated by the event data and the accumulated relative time at that time. A relative time difference determining step of determining a relative time difference, and, if the event is one of the predetermined events, an absolute time corresponding to the relative time difference based on the execution tempo and the relative time difference at that time. An absolute time difference determining step of determining a difference, and, if the event is one of the predetermined events, an accumulated relative time updating step of accumulating and updating the relative time difference to the accumulated relative time at that time; A cumulative absolute time updating step of accumulating and updating the absolute time difference with the cumulative absolute time at that time; If the event indicated by is the event of the execution tempo change, the execution tempo update step of updating the execution tempo by changing the tempo, and if the execution time indicated by the read event data is the target time, the accumulated relative time A time information output step of outputting the accumulated absolute time as absolute time information in association with the relative time information and outputting the accumulated time as relative time information.

In the sequencer according to the present invention, at least one kind of predetermined event including an event of a change in execution tempo is defined, and an execution time indicated by a relative time system time unit and an event to be executed at the execution time are indicated. Sequence data storage means for storing sequence data having a plurality of event data, target time determination means for determining a target time indicating a target position on the sequence in time units of a relative time system,
An initial relative time storage unit that stores an initial value of the cumulative relative time as a value of the predetermined start time; an initial absolute time storage unit that stores an initial value of the cumulative absolute time as the value of the predetermined start time; The initial execution tempo storage means for storing the initial value of the execution tempo as the value of the start time, the event data reading means for reading the plurality of event data in the execution time order to the target time, and the read event data indicate When the event is one of the plurality of types of predetermined events, a relative time difference determining means for determining a relative time difference that is a difference between the execution time indicated by the event data and the cumulative relative time at that time; If the event is one of the predetermined events, the absolute time difference corresponding to the relative time difference is determined based on the execution tempo and the relative time difference at that time. An absolute time difference determining means for determining, if one of the predetermined events, the relative time difference is cumulatively updated to the cumulative relative time at that time to update the relative time difference; When the absolute time difference is accumulated to the accumulated absolute time at that time, the accumulated absolute time updating means, and when the event indicated by the read event data is the event of the execution tempo change An execution tempo updating means for updating the execution tempo by changing the tempo; and when the execution time indicated by the read event data is the target time, outputting the accumulated relative time as relative timekeeping information; And timing information output means for outputting the absolute time information as the absolute time information in association with the relative time information.

In this sequence data processing method and sequencer, at least one type of predetermined event including an event of an execution tempo change is determined, and an execution time indicated by a relative time system time unit and an event to be executed at the execution time are specified. Sequence data having a plurality of event data is stored, an initial value of an accumulated relative time is stored as a value of a predetermined start time, an initial value of an accumulated absolute time is stored, and an initial value of an execution tempo is stored. Here, a target time indicating a target position on the sequence in time units of a relative time system is determined, and a plurality of event data are read out in order of execution time until the target time. That is, in this case, only the event data whose execution time is from the predetermined start time to the target time is targeted. In addition, one or more types of predetermined events including an event for changing the execution tempo are defined, and only the predetermined events are processed. In other words, since there is no need to process anything other than the predetermined event up to the target time, the time from the start of the process to the end of the process can be shortened.

On the other hand, when the event indicated by the read event data is one of a plurality of types of predetermined events, a relative time difference which is a difference between the execution time indicated by the event data and the accumulated relative time at that time. The absolute time difference corresponding to the relative time difference is determined based on the execution tempo and the relative time difference at that time, and the relative time difference is accumulated and updated to the cumulative relative time at that time, and the absolute time difference is updated. Is accumulated and updated to the accumulated absolute time at that time. Thus, even if only a predetermined event is to be processed, the accumulated absolute time indicating the time in the absolute time system is updated in correspondence with the accumulated relative time indicating the time in the relative time system. In addition, when the event indicated by the read event data is the event of the execution tempo change, the execution tempo is updated by the tempo change. The time system and the absolute time system can be processed in association with each other.

When the execution time indicated by the read event data is the target time, the accumulated relative time is output as relative time information, and the accumulated absolute time is output as absolute time information in association with the relative time information. I do. Therefore, taking advantage of the relative time system that is easy to grasp intuitively, processing other than the predetermined event is unnecessary, shortening the processing, and even if there is a tempo change event in the middle, there is no problem at all. The relative time system time and the absolute time system time can be output (processed) in association with each other. In addition, this enables time-corresponding information to be used when synchronizing with the absolute time system, such as when editing into sequence data based on absolute time system time management, or when performing synchronized performance with a sequencer using absolute time system time management. Can be provided.

Preferably, in the sequence data processing method according to the second aspect, the target time designation step includes a target time numerical value input step of directly inputting a numerical value indicating the target time.

Further, in the sequencer according to the present invention,
It is preferable that the target time designating means has target time numerical value inputting means for directly inputting a numerical value indicating the target time.

In this sequence data processing method and sequencer, since a numerical value indicating the target time can be directly input, the absolute time system time can be quickly output only by inputting the relative time system target time.

Further, in the sequence data processing method according to claim 2 or 3, the target time specifying step inputs the target time by changing an arbitrary execution time as an initial value and adjusting the value to the target time. It is preferable to have a target time change inputting step.

12. The sequencer according to claim 10, wherein the target time specifying means inputs the target time by changing an arbitrary execution time as an initial value and adjusting the value to the target time. It is preferable to have a change input means.

In this sequence data processing method and sequencer, the target time can be input by changing an arbitrary execution time as an initial value and adjusting the value to the target time. Therefore, when the target time is not clear, the input is performed roughly. Then, the user can input a target time suitable for, for example, adjusting to a desired target time while adjusting little by little.

Further, in the sequence data processing method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, it is preferable that the sequence data includes event data indicating an event for performing a performance corresponding to a predetermined score. .

In the sequencer according to any one of the ninth to twelfth aspects, it is preferable that the sequence data includes event data indicating an event for performing a performance corresponding to a predetermined score.

In this sequence data processing method and sequencer, since the sequence data includes event data indicating an event for performing a performance corresponding to a predetermined score, the sequence data can be applied to an automatic performance method and an automatic performance device. .

Further, in the sequence data processing method according to the fifth aspect, it is preferable that the relative timing information includes score information corresponding to a position on the score.

Further, in the sequencer according to the thirteenth aspect,
It is preferable that the relative timing information includes score information corresponding to a position on the score.

In this sequence data processing method and sequencer, the relative timing information includes the musical score information corresponding to the position on the musical score. Can output the score information corresponding to the position.

Further, in the sequence data processing method according to claim 6, it is preferable that the score information includes at least one of bar information and beat information at that time.

Further, in the sequencer according to claim 14,
It is preferable that the score information includes at least one of bar information and beat information at that time.

In the sequence data processing method and the sequencer, since at least one of the bar information and the beat information at that time is included, it is easy to grasp the correspondence with the position on the score.

Further, in the sequence data processing method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, the time information output step may include a time information display step of displaying the relative time information and the absolute time information in association with each other. preferable.

In the sequencer according to any one of claims 9 to 15, it is preferable that the time information output means includes time information display means for displaying the relative time information and the absolute time information in association with each other.

In this sequence data processing method and sequencer, the relative time information and the absolute time information are displayed in association with each other, so that the relative time and the absolute time can be easily associated with each other.

Further, the electronic musical instrument according to claim 17 is based on claim 9.
Or a sequencer according to any one of (1) to (16).

This electronic musical instrument is provided with the sequencer according to any one of claims 9 to 16, so that the relative time system time and the absolute time system time are processed in association with the various advantages described above. An electronic musical instrument that can be used.

[0037]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A sequence data processing method and a sequencer according to an embodiment of the present invention and an electronic organ type electronic musical instrument to which the electronic musical instrument is applied will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the electronic musical instrument 1 is an electronic instrument as well as a musical instrument. The electronic musical instrument 1 includes a man-machine interface with a user. 1 includes a control unit 10 that controls each unit, and a power supply unit 30 that supplies power to each unit. For this reason, a circuit board (not shown) is housed inside the case of the electronic musical instrument 1, and the power supply unit 30
In addition to the power supply unit described above, each circuit of the control unit 20 and the like are mounted, and connected to an AC power supply (not shown) via a plug or the like.

The operation unit 20 is a main operation unit as a musical instrument, a keyboard 3 as a so-called hand keyboard, a pedal group as a foot keyboard and various pedals for performance effects (expression pedals (rhythms for simulating an organ system). A stop switch, ground switch, fill-in switch, etc. are included), a loud pedal (damper pedal, sustain pedal) for simulating a piano system, a soft pedal,
A pedal group 6 having a sostenuto pedal (muffler pedal, etc.), a panel 5 disposed around the keyboard 3 and serving as a main operation unit as an electronic device, and an external storage interface (interface) with an external storage (ES) E
SI) 7 and a sound generator 8 including a circuit (for example, an amplifier) 81 near a speaker 82 of a so-called sound circuit or sound system.

Although the sound source 160 and the sound generator 8 described later are separated by an output portion of a D / A converter 162 described later, the sound generator 160 and the sound generator 8 are collectively described. (Or a sound generating unit), so the conceptual (block diagram) division between the sound source unit 160 and the sound generating unit 8 may be anywhere.

In this embodiment, the external storage (ES)
Since a floppy (registered trademark) disk (FD) is used as the ESI7, the ESI7 is specifically an FD drive (FDD).
FD, compact disk (C
D (CD-ROM, writable CD-R, rewritable CD-R / W, etc.)), laser disk (LD), magneto-optical (MO) disk, mini disk (MD), external Hard Disk (HD: Removable Hard Disk (RH
D)), ZIP, etc., any external storage (ES) using light or magnetism can be used. In these cases, each drive may be provided in the operation unit 20, and an external storage controller (to be described later) may be used. The ESC 140 may be provided with those corresponding to these.

Although the keyboard 3 is simplified in FIG. 1, the electronic musical instrument 1 has an upper keyboard (upper manual), a middle keyboard (middle manual) and a lower keyboard (lower manual) as shown in FIG. ) Is provided with a three-stage keyboard 3 (so-called console type).

As shown in both figures, in the electronic musical instrument 1, various push-type, pull-type, slide-type, dial-type keys, buttons, switches, etc. (hereinafter referred to as keyboard 3) are provided around the keyboard 3. An arbitrary one is called a "panel switch" so that it can be easily distinguished from a "key."
A panel 5 including various indicators 52 made of D or the like and the display 4 having a display screen 41 made of a liquid crystal or the like is provided. The details of each part of the panel 5 (for panel switches and the like) will be described later as necessary. In addition, the display 4 may be configured with a touch panel, and a part of the panel switch 51 may be configured with displayed touch keys, so that the number of panel switches and the size of the panel unit 5 can be reduced.

As shown in FIG. 1, the control unit 10 has a CPU
11, a ROM 12, a RAM 13, and a peripheral control circuit (peripheral controller: PCN) 100, which are connected to each other by an internal bus 15. A clock circuit (CL) that has a crystal oscillator and generates a basic clock and generates various clocks obtained by dividing the basic clock
K) 16 and distributed to each part.

The ROM 12 has a control program area 12a for storing a control program to be processed by the CPU 11,
It has a control data area 12b for storing various control data such as control data based on specifications of each part relating to the display on the display 4 and various performance effects (effects such as tone and reverberation) and standard (default) part setting data. I have. The details of the control data will be described later as necessary.

The RAM 13 is backed up by a backup circuit of the power supply 30 so as to retain the stored data even when the power is turned off, and has an area such as various registers and buffers. , Various setting data set by the user (for example, tone, effect,
The rhythm setting and other settings for automatic performance: registration data) are stored and used as a work area for control processing.

The PCN 100 incorporates various circuits for supplementing the function of the CPU 11 and for handling interface signals with peripheral circuits. When the PCN 100 is functionally divided, a detecting unit 110, a driving unit 120,
MIDI interface 130, external storage controller (ESC) 140, counter unit 150, sound source unit 1
60.

The detection unit 110 includes a panel switch operation detection circuit (panel switch operation detection sensor) 111 that detects the operation of various panel switches 51 of the panel 5 when the user operates the panel switches 51, and each keyboard of the keyboard 3. A board key detection circuit (board key operation detection sensor) 112 for detecting the operation of the (key), and a pedal operation detection circuit (pedal operation detection sensor) 113 for detecting the operation of each pedal 61 of the pedal group 6. Each detection result is sent to the CPU 11 via the internal bus 15 (or a dedicated connection line is also possible).
Report to Since these detection results are interrupt events to be described later, it is also possible to provide an interrupt control circuit for organizing and adjusting each interrupt event according to its occurrence timing and priority in addition to each detection circuit.

The driving section 120 includes a display driver 121 for driving the display 4 of the panel 5,
An indicator driver 122 for driving the various indicators 52 above, and a performance driver 123 for driving each key 31 of the keyboard 3 and each pedal 61 of the pedal group 6 by a solenoid or the like as an effect in the case of automatic performance, CP via internal bus 15 or dedicated connection line)
Each unit of the operation unit 20 is driven according to a command from U11.

The MIDI interface 130 has an MID
A computer or the like that includes an I transmitting circuit (transmitter) 131 and a MIDI receiving circuit (receiver) 132 and can handle other MIDI musical instruments (including a synthesizer and a sequencer) and MIDI information (MIDI data) via a MIDI connector 135. Is connected to an external device through a MIDI cable (5-pin DIN cable).
MIDI data is transmitted and received to and from these external devices in conjunction with.

Of course, cascade (chain) connection using THRU terminals and connection to a plurality of external devices using a parabox (THRU box) are also possible. When connecting to a personal computer or the like, a converter for converting a serial interface using a serial port (RS-232C or the like) of the personal computer and a MIDI interface is commercially available, so that it can be used. Note that recent operating systems (O
USB (Universal) standard supported by S)
Serial Bus), IEEE1394 (FireWire)
May be made available.

The ESC 140 is a controller for an external storage (ES: here FD) and a controller for a built-in hard disk (HD) 141.
41 and a function as a sequencer via an external storage (ES).
1 and the FD (ES) 71, the user can record his / her own performance or play back the stored performance of, for example, a teacher's model. Also, SMF
It is also possible to record and play back performance data in a (standard MIDI file) format and to store various setting data (for example, timbre, effect, rhythm, registration data, etc.) set by the user. Further, for example, recording can be repeated for each part (for example, by selecting a track to be recorded corresponding to SMF or the like).

The counter section 150 has a real-time timer (TIM) 151 for measuring (counting) real time (absolute time) in an absolute time (time) system, and a length of one beat (quarter note) in a relative time system. A first tick timer (T1T) 152 for measuring a tick (ticks) as a unit, and a second tick timer (T2T) 153 for basically measuring a tick but arbitrarily setting a value when a tempo is changed. And various general-purpose counters 154. First tick timer (T1T) 152 and second tick timer (T2T) 1
53 will be further described later.

The real time timer (TIM) 151 is, for example, a MIDI time code (MTC) or an SMPTE (Societ
y of Motion Picture and Television Engineer) Measures real time in the same format as time code. By this measurement, in the electronic musical instrument 1, the hour / minute / second / frame (and the bit (1 frame =
(Measurement up to 80 bits) can be obtained, and it is easy to synchronize with a multi-track recorder (MTR) in an absolute time system in transmitting and receiving MIDI data. In addition, each general-purpose counter 154
Is a circuit that has a register unit for holding a count value and a logic circuit for increment / decrement / set / reset / hold, and functions as a counter, and has a timer function in accordance with a command from the CPU 11. Various types of counting are possible.

Generally, a predetermined memory (for example, RA
M13), an area for storing the count value is provided, and the CPU 1
If the value is incremented at a predetermined timing by 1 or the like, various counters can be used as long as there is no problem in performance or memory capacity.
1, T1T152, T2T153, and some or all of various general-purpose counters 154 may be omitted, and the area in the RAM 13 may be various counter areas. In addition, an arbitrary general-purpose counter 151 may be a dedicated counter specialized for a specific counter function (for example, a step counter or a gate time counter). However, in the electronic musical instrument 1 of the present embodiment, only the TIM 151, T1T152, and T2T153, whose performance is relatively strictly restricted, are hardware (logic circuit) counters, and other various counters (various timers) are software (program processing). The counter is defined as

The tone generator 160 includes a tone generator (TG) 161 capable of outputting digital data (wavetable system or the like) relating to various timbres in accordance with a command from the CPU 11, and a D / A converter for D / A converting the output. 162. This sound source section 160
Is a sound source section in a larger sense, together with the sound generation section 8 as described above, and functions as a sound source (GM sound source: GM Instrument) conforming to the GM sound source specification in the GM (General MIDI) mode. In addition, in a predetermined specific mode, it functions as a higher-level specification sound source including a function as a GM sound source. Therefore, even in the GM mode, 12 melody (corresponding to all channels other than channel 10 out of 16 MIDI channels) are used.
Eight tones and 47 tones for rhythm (corresponding to channel 10: as a sound source, up to 128 tones for rhythm can be set corresponding to the note number of channel 10) can be generated.

In the electronic musical instrument 1 of this embodiment, the DT
PCM which is also mainstream in M (Desk Top Music)
(Pulse Code Modulatin) A sound source is used, but a single or multiple basic sound source methods, such as an addition (or subtraction) synthesis method, an FM sound source method, a non-linear synthesis method, or a PCM method or an analog method. Various types of sound sources such as a combined type and a so-called vector synthesizer type in which these tones (waveforms) are formed by changing the mix ratio can be used.

As described above, the PCN 100 includes the CPU
Various circuits for supplementing the functions of the eleventh and handling interface signals with peripheral circuits are incorporated. Therefore, each circuit is not limited to commercially available sensors, circuit elements, ICs, etc., but also various gate arrays including FPGAs and custom LSIs.
Alternatively, it is possible to individually configure each circuit using a multi-chip module equipped with a plurality of types of bare chips or the like, and to configure a plurality of functions and circuits collectively as an ASIC or package dedicated to analog / digital mixed operation You can also.

The PCN 100 is connected to each section of the operation section 20, and receives various commands and input data from the operation section 20 or detection results therefrom as they are or processes them, and loads them into the internal bus 15, and interlocks with the CPU 11. Then, data and control signals output from the CPU 11 or the like to the internal bus 15 are processed as they are or
Output to 0.

With the above configuration, the CPU 11 operates the PCN 1 in accordance with the control program in the ROM 12.
00, input various detection signals, various commands, various data, etc., process various data in the RAM 13,
By outputting a control signal to the operation unit 20 via 100, the entire electronic musical instrument 1 is controlled, such as a performance by a user using the electronic musical instrument 1 or an automatic performance based on various performance data.

Next, the overall control flow of the electronic musical instrument 1 will be described with reference to FIG. When the process is started by turning on the power key 51s (power on) or the like, first, as shown in FIG.
In order to return to the state at the time of the 1s off operation (power off), initial settings such as restoring the saved control flags are performed (S1), and the reference (default) operation guide is displayed on the display screen 41. Is displayed as an initial screen (S2). In addition,
By performing a predetermined setting in advance, the display screen at the time of the previous power-off (when the operation is completed) can be displayed as an initial screen, or a predetermined screen such as an editor screen for editing a MIDI file can be displayed. Can be set (customized) as an initial screen.

When the initial screen display is completed (S2), a predetermined (predetermined) type of interruption is permitted (S3). That is, an interrupt permission flag of a predetermined interrupt (initial permission interrupt) is set. Note that the type of interrupt allowed in the initial screen display state can also be customized.

The subsequent processing in FIG. 3, that is, the branch for determining whether or not there is an interrupt event (S4) and the various types of interrupt processing (S5) are processing conceptually shown. In the electronic musical instrument 1, when the initial screen display (S2) is completed, the initial permission interrupt is permitted (S3). Therefore, until some initial permission interrupt (the next time, the permission permitted at that time) occurs. ,
The state is maintained as it is (S4: No), and when some initial permission interruption (permitted interruption) occurs (S4: Ye)
s), the process shifts to each interrupt process (S5), and when the interrupt process ends, the interrupt event standby state (S5)
4: No).

In the various kinds of interrupt processing (S5), interrupts that are not permitted at that time are permitted or interrupts that are permitted at that time are prohibited (for example, an interrupt permission flag is reset). Therefore, as a whole, a process in which interrupt processes necessary for various processes are connected one after another is performed. Also, the interrupt processing for entering the processing for selecting the type of the initial permission interrupt (customization processing)
Since the initial permission interruption is automatically permitted, even if the user fails to customize (erroneously) and cannot perform the desired processing (interruption processing), the customization can be redone (or the power supply is turned on again after the redo). Can be replaced).

In the following, for simplicity of explanation, for example, all operations of each key 31 of the keyboard 3, all operations of the panel switch 51 of the panel 5, the pedals 6 of the pedal group 6,
All of the interrupt processing generated by the user's operation (interrupt event) on the operation unit 20, such as insertion of the FD into the ESI (here, the FDD) 7 and the like, are all permitted from the beginning (initial permission). (It is interrupted).

Next, a description will be given of time management in a sequence function (hereinafter simply referred to as “sequencer”) performed in accordance with the control program in the electronic musical instrument 1 and a format of performance data (sequence data) handled by the sequencer.

First, MIDI messages expressing performance operations according to the MIDI standard can be roughly classified into two types. That is, it is classified into a channel message for transmitting different performance information to each musical instrument included in the MIDI system, and a system message for all devices connected to the MIDI system. The channel messages are further classified into voice messages expressing performance information of general musical instruments and mode messages expressing basic receiving conditions of the musical instruments such as monophonic and polyphonic. On the other hand, system messages are further roughly classified into three types: exclusive messages, common messages, and real-time messages.

Representative voice messages include, for example, a note-on message expressing a key press (note-on) for each key (each note) of the keyboard 3 and a key release (a note) from each key (each note). Note-off message. The note-on message and the note-off message include a status byte indicating a note-on (9 nH; hereinafter, "H" indicates hexadecimal (hex)).
Is shown. N indicates an arbitrary channel number. 2) following the status byte (8nH) indicating note-off
It is composed of a total of three bytes of data bytes. In this case, the first data byte indicates, for example, a note number (note number: note no.) In which a numerical value is assigned to each key 31 of the keyboard 3, and the next data byte indicates how fast the key is pressed (note on). ) Or a key release (note off) (that is, indirectly, the volume) is represented by a numerical value.

As with a general sequencer, the electronic musical instrument 1
In this sequencer, the length of the sound is managed by a parameter called gate time (or duration), which indicates the time from note-on to note-off. Here, in the envelope of a musical instrument sound in which changes over time of the musical instrument sound are modeled by parameters such as a rise time and a decay time of the sound, basic parameters are an attack time (A) and a decay time (D). , Sustain level (S), and release time (R), which are the so-called ADSR parameters. Note that the note-off described above sets the start time of the sound release time in the same manner as the key release timing when a person plays. Show.

For this reason, the gate time is usually set to be shorter than the length of a note, similarly to the case where a key is released earlier in consideration of sound release when a person plays. However, what percentage of the note length the gate time should be depends on the tone, the flow of the song, the mood, and the tempo. By supplementing the release, you can earn more polyphony.

The MIDI sequencer transmits performance information sequentially (in order). For this reason, the sequence data includes performance information and time information indicating when the information is to be executed. The time management methods are roughly classified into two methods: an absolute time (time) system and a relative time system. The musical score is expressed in relative time system so that the actual performance time differs even for the same quarter note depending on the performance tempo. are doing. For this reason, the electronic musical instrument 1 basically uses a relative time system.

In time management in a relative time sequencer, the length of one beat (quarter note) is expressed in fine units in order to indicate the note position (location) and gate time. The minimum unit is generally called a clock or a tick, and the resolution (time base) representing the accuracy of the sequencer is the number of clocks (the number of ticks) corresponding to the length of one beat (quarter note). (FIG. 4)
reference). In the field of information processing, the word “clock” is used in a different meaning from the above, and in the above description of FIG. 1, the same meaning (ie, “reference clock” and the like) is used. In the present embodiment, the word “tick” is used as a time base unit to distinguish it from the word “clock”.

The electronic musical instrument 1 has the first tick timer (T1T) 152 and the second tick timer (T2T) 153 as described above in order to manage the gate time with an accuracy of time base = 384. I have. T1T152
Counts the first tick signal up to eight times (3 bits) by a lower counter that generates a tick signal (first tick signal) of time base = 384 and a carry signal (that is, the first tick signal). Then, the carry signal is generated as a first step signal.
Upper counter (1 bit) that generates a synchronization signal (hereinafter “MIDI clock”: a real-time message indicating a timing clock (F8H) corresponding to 24 ticks of time base) during MIDI communication (4 bits in total)
Bit). Therefore, the first step signal corresponds to a tick signal in a case where the resolution (time base) is 48 (see FIG. 4). The time base of the MIDI standard is 24.

The first step signal is provided so as to facilitate the management of the note location and the like. A step counter (STPC: see FIG. 9B) which secures an area in the RAM 13 at the start of a performance or the like. : Of course, it can be configured by hardware). This count value is equal to the number of steps from the start of the performance to the time (in FIG. 9B, “current st
Notation "ep": Hereinafter, "step time". ), And this step time is a unit for managing note locations and the like.

For example, if the time signature is one bar of 4/4 and the position of the first quarter note is step time = 0, the position of the second quarter note is step time = 48, and the third position is step time. Time = 96, the fourth position can be expressed as step time = 144. That is, the performance is started after the step counter (STPC) 156 is reset, and the count value (step time) = 0, 48,
At timings 96 and 144, note-on corresponding to the first, second, third, and fourth quarter notes, respectively, is performed.

Here, as described above, the tick is a unit of a relative time system, so that the time required for one tick (absolute time) changes according to the performance tempo. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, when tempo = 120, time base = 384
Of the first tick signal is 60 (seconds) / (120 × 3
94), it is about 1.30 ms, and the cycle of the first step (time base = equivalent to 48 ticks) signal is about 10.4 ms, which is eight times as long. On the other hand, when tempo = 60, the cycle of the first tick signal is about 2.60 ms,
The cycle of the step signal is about 20.8 ms, tempo = 180
, The period of the first tick signal is about 0.87 ms, the period of the first step signal is about 7.0 ms, and so on.
Change.

In order to determine the cycle (change) of the tick signal when the tempo is changed, a table may be prepared and referred to as described above with reference to FIG. A relational expression similar to 60 / (tempo × timebase), such as 60 (seconds) / (120 × 394), may be prepared and determined from the expression. Also, it may be defined by a tempo function or an array. Or, for example, tempo = 40
2.6ms for ~ 60, 1.3 for 80 ~ 140
ms and 160 or more may be determined in a plurality of groups within a predetermined range, such as 1.0 ms.

Therefore, in the electronic musical instrument 1, the first tick signal is the same as the conventional one (inversely proportional to the tempo) and the user or the electronic musical instrument 1 is designed as the second tick signal in relation to the tempo and the cycle of the tick. Can set the cycle freely (arbitrarily).

In this case, for example, as shown in the column of the cycle of the second tick signal in FIG. 5, when the tempo ≦ 60, the tempo changes uniformly, such as 2.5 ms, and when the tempo ≧ 160, the tempo changes uniformly, such as 1.00 ms. , The upper limit value and the lower limit value of the cycle of the second tick signal can be determined. Further, the cycle of the first tick signal is multiplied by a predetermined ratio to reduce (see) the change in the cycle of the second tick signal with respect to the change in the tempo, or to increase (see) the reverse. Various settings such as uniform (reference) can be made.

As described above, the electronic musical instrument 1 is provided with the second tick timer (T2T) 153 capable of arbitrarily setting the cycle with respect to the set tempo. T2T153 is
The second tick signal is counted up to eight times by the lower counter that generates the second tick signal of an arbitrarily set period and the carry signal (ie, the second tick signal), and the carry signal is counted. Upper side (3+) generated as a second step signal (+ corresponding MIDI clock)
1 = 4 bits). This second
The step signal can be used, for example, when managing the gate time not in units of ticks but in units of steps.

Here, as described above, the real time timer (T
The IM) 151 can measure time in the format of hour / minute / second / frame, similarly to the time code of MTC or SMPTE.
The frame in this case is, for example, 1/25 (second:
s), that is, 40 ms. In electronic musical instrument 1,
At CLK 16, the reference clock is frequency-divided to generate a frequency-divided clock signal having a period of 1 μs, which is distributed to the counter unit 150. The lowest counter of the TIM 151 (1
6 bits) are counted (divided) 40,000 times and generated as a frame count trigger signal (frame trigger signal). Of course, the same can be done based on a frequency-divided clock signal having a period longer than 1 μs (for example, 10 μs).

The frame trigger signal is input as a carry signal, and the number of frames is counted by the counter section (frame counter) of the TIM 151 which is in charge of frame counting. A rising (carry) signal is generated as a second count trigger signal (second trigger signal). The second trigger signal is input to a second counting section (second counter) of the TIM 151, and a carry signal counted up to 60 seconds is generated as a minute count trigger signal (minute trigger signal). Similarly, by the minute trigger signal, the minute counting section (minute counter) counts up to 60 minutes to generate an hour trigger signal, and the hour counting section (hour counter) counts up to 24:00.
All information of hour / minute / second / frame can be generated.

In the case of the tempo 120, for example, T1T
A value corresponding to decimal “1302” is set in 152 and counted by the above-mentioned 1 μs frequency-divided clock signal to generate a first tick signal once every 1302 μs (about 1.30 ms). Just do it. The same applies to the first tick signal in the case of the other tempo described above with reference to FIG. Further, the same applies to T2T153, whereby a second tick signal having various arbitrary set values can be generated.

As described above, since the electronic musical instrument 1 basically uses a relative time system, note locations, gate times, and the like are managed based on the number of steps and the number of ticks. In this case, when actually performing a play or the like, the absolute time is measured by the TIM 151 in parallel with the play and displayed on the display 4. You can know the time of the part. However, in order to find the beginning of a desired portion by referring to the absolute time system, not the number of the song, the measure, the beat, etc., by the fast forward (FF) or rewind (REW) next time, the relative time is required. It is necessary to display the time in association with the system.

For this reason, in the electronic musical instrument 1, the time in the absolute time system can be obtained by performing an inverse calculation from the number of steps in the relative time system. As described above, the time base = 384 of the electronic musical instrument 1 indicates a quarter note by the number of ticks of the first tick signal, and the tempo is represented by the number of quarter notes in one minute. , The period of the first tick signal × time base × tempo = 1 minute. Therefore, 1 second =
(Time base / 60) × tempo × (cycle of first tick signal) = (((number of quarter note steps) × 8) / 6
0) × tempo × (cycle of first tick signal) = ((number of quarter note steps) / 60) × tempo × (8 × (cycle of first tick signal)) = ((number of steps of quarter note) ) /
60) × tempo × (cycle of first step signal).

Of these, the period of the first tick signal and the first tick signal
The cycle of the step signal can be determined according to the tempo, as described above with reference to FIG. Time base / 60
= 384/60 = 6.4 or (number of quarter note steps)
Since /60=48/60=0.8 is a fixed value, 1 second =
6.4 × tempo × (cycle of first tick signal) = 0.8
X tempo x (cycle of first step signal). For this reason, as shown in FIG. 6, for example, the first tick number and the first step number corresponding to one second (here, the first step number corresponding to one second, hereinafter abbreviated as “SEC”) are set to each tempo. Can be determined according to Therefore, the desired part is
If it is obtained in a relative time system (step time) such as the number of the song, the bar of the song, and the number of the beat, the number of seconds in the corresponding absolute time system can be obtained based on the obtained time.

For this reason, the second counter and the frame counter of the TIM 151 are configured so that they can be accessed from a software program (eg, set / reset / count instructions). Also, as shown in FIG. 6, since the frame can be determined, it is possible to cope with a case where a sequencer or a computer performs automatic cueing based on an absolute time according to a program or the like. In order to perform the cueing, it is usually sufficient that the time is on the order of seconds.

In the electronic musical instrument 1, for example, as shown in FIG. 7, a tempo change in the middle is detected irrespective of a normal play (play), fast forward (FF) or rewind (REW). A tempo change interrupt is generated,
The tempo change processing (S10) is started. In this process (S10), first, the cycle (count value of T1T152) of the first tick signal is updated (S11), and subsequently, the cycle (count value of T2T152) of the second tick signal is updated (S12). Number of steps equivalent to seconds (SE
C) is updated, and the process ends (S13). As a result, the first tick signal, the first step signal, the second tick signal, the second step signal, and the like are generated at the newly set (updated) cycle according to the changed tempo. In addition, the number of steps (SEC) equivalent to seconds is updated, and the time calculation process is prepared.

For example, as shown in FIG. 8, when the step addition process (S20) is started as a subroutine or the like, first, an addition of the number of steps from the previous time display value (MTCC (described below)) is performed. (Addition step) with variable ADC
(S21), add the corresponding (ADC) to the step counter (STPC) 156 (S22), add it to the frame counter (S23), and determine whether the value is equal to or greater than the number of steps corresponding to seconds (SEC). Is determined (S24). When the value of the frame counter is equal to or more than SEC (S24: Y
es), the second counter is incremented (added by 1; hereinafter, the increment (+1) is indicated as "++") (S25), the SEC is subtracted from the value of the frame counter (S26), and the value of the frame counter is again calculated. Is greater than or equal to SEC (S24). When the value of the frame counter becomes less than SEC (S24: No), the time (hour / minute / second) at that time is displayed on the display 4 together with, for example, the current bar and beat (S27), and the process (S20) Is completed (S28).

The time displayed on the display 4 is
MIDI value is stored in RAM 13 as the value at the time of the previous time display.
Time code counter (MTCC: see FIG. 9B) 1
An area for 57 is secured and stored (stored) there, and used in the next process (S20) and the like. Further, in the present embodiment, the count of minutes, hours, and the like in units of seconds or more is performed by the aforementioned T
Since it is executed by the IM 151, here, it is sufficient to operate only the input of a carry signal to the second counter.
Of course, in the program, in addition to the above flow, it is determined whether or not the second has reached 60 or more, and the minute counter carries a carry. The carry may be carried out or the same may be performed. In the above description, in the normal play, the time in the absolute time system can be measured using the TIM 151 prepared as hardware (logic circuit). However, in the case of the normal play, too. Alternatively, the above processing (S20) may be used.

Next, performance data handled by the sequencer of the electronic musical instrument 1, that is, sequence data, is equivalent to data indicating information of a timing signal + MIDI message. On the other hand, a standard MIDI file (SM
Since the sequence data in the F) format is basically data indicating delta time (timing signal) + MIDI message information, the sequence data of the electronic musical instrument 1 described below and the sequence data in the SMF format can be easily converted to each other. Can be.

The status byte of the MIDI message is one byte of 8nH to FFH.
H to FFH indicate real-time messages. The FFH of the real-time message is a system reset according to the MIDI standard, but is not actually used due to various problems. Therefore, in the SMF format,
It is used as a meta event other than the performance information, and the electronic musical instrument 1 can also support the SMF format.

Among the SMF-format meta-events, the one that is generally used frequently is the set tempo (event type:
51H). In the electronic musical instrument 1, the tempo adjustment dial (tempo change switch) 51a of the panel 5 (see FIG. 2)
By using, the tempo can be increased or decreased not only before and after the performance but also during the performance. Therefore, the causes of the tempo change interrupt described above with reference to FIG.
1a is included. In addition, SM
In the meta-event of the F format, the key (59) is mainly used for display.
H) and time signature (58H). In addition, copyright display (02H), track name (03H), instrument name (0H)
4H), lyrics (05H), and the like are used when text for display is inserted.

The FEH in the MIDI real-time message is active sensing, and is also used in the electronic musical instrument 1 in order to avoid a situation where note-off cannot be made due to disconnection of the MIDI cable after note-on during MIDI communication. are doing. As shown in FIG. 9A, each sound data (note data) is M
In addition to the note number (note no.) Indicating the target of note-on according to the IDI standard (MIDI message) and the velocity (velocity), the step time (note time) indicating the note-on timing for time management in a relative time system step
time) and a gate time.

The start bar (start bar) shown in FIG.
), A continuation bar (continue bar), and an end bar (end bar) are a start (FAH) and a continuation (FH) of a MIDI real-time message, respectively.
BH) and stop (FCH).

For example, when the electronic musical instrument 1 is a master side of the MIDI communication and + in the figure is performance data, a user operates a play button (start switch) 51b.
(See Figure 2) is pressed and paused during the performance (pause)
The button (pause switch) 51c is pressed to pause, the pause switch 51c is pressed again, the performance is resumed from the time of the pause, and finally the stop button (stop switch) 51d is pressed, Or, it corresponds to the sequence data when the end of the music is detected and the performance is ended. Conversely, when the electronic musical instrument 1 performs the same operation as described above on the master side device on the slave side of the MIDI communication, the electronic musical instrument 1 corresponds to the sequence data received and recognized. Alternatively, when the performance operation in any of the above is recorded so as to be reproducible, it corresponds to the recorded sequence data.

When the electronic musical instrument 1 is on the master side, a MIDI clock (for example, on the T1T152 side) (a timing clock (F8
H)) is output periodically, and its own operation is shown in FIG.
As shown in (a), the data is recorded as sequence data, and a start message (F) corresponding to a start bar (start bar) is operated according to the operation of the start switch 51b.
AH), and successively outputs note-on (8 nH) / note-off (9 nH) corresponding to the performance data (note data group). Next, pause switch 5
According to the operation of 1c, the continuation bar is recorded and a stop message (FCH) is output once.

Next, when the pause switch 51c is operated again, first, the start point of the performance to be resumed is output by the song position pointer (F2H) of the common message, and then the continuation message (FBH) is output. I do.

In the electronic musical instrument 1, as described above, the note location is managed as the step time by the number of steps of the first step signal corresponding to the time base = 48. In this case, the MID of the song position pointer
An expression representing the I beat, ie, 24 (MIDI time base) × ((number of beats per measure) × (number of measures before target measure) + number of beats to target beat in target measure) / 6 (MI
Of the 16th note of DI: number of ticks)
The term of (MIDI time base) / 6 (MIDI 16th note length) = 4 matches 48 (step time base) / 12 (number of 16th note steps) = 4 of electronic musical instrument 1 I do. Therefore, the step time of the location to be restarted (the beginning of FIG. 9A) is set to 12 (1
Divide by the number of sixth note steps (1 so that there is no remainder)
Synchronize the length of a 6th note)
Output as beats.

Next, the performance data (note data group)
Note on (8nH) / Note off (9nH)
H) are sequentially output. Then, the stop switch 51d
The end bar is recorded and a stop message (FCH) is output in accordance with the operation of (1).

Next, when the electronic musical instrument 1 is on the slave side, a MIDI clock (F8H) is periodically inputted from the master side, and the inputted MIDI message is converted into the sequence data shown in FIG. 9A and recorded. At the same time, it performs in accordance with the sequence data in synchronization with the input MIDI clock.

First, when a start message (FAH) is input, the start bar is recorded and the next MI is recorded.
Waiting for the input of the DI clock (F8H), the performance is started in synchronization with the input of the MIDI clock. Note On (8nH) / Note Off (9nH) are sequentially input,
Is converted into performance data (note data group) and recorded.
In synchronization with the IDI clock, the performance is performed in accordance with the sequence data (note data group thereof). When the stop message (FCH) is input, the end bar is recorded, and the performance is ended in synchronization with the input of the next MIDI clock.

Next, when the song position pointer (F2H) of the common message is input, the start step time is obtained from the MIDI beat of the song position pointer, and the next message is awaited. If the next message is a start message, the start bar is recorded, and the performance data is recorded as sequence data, as in the case described above.

On the other hand, if the next message is a continuation message, a continuation bar is recorded. Before that, if the step time obtained from the MIDI beat of the song position pointer is the same as that at the end of the previous time, the last time is recorded. After the end bar is deleted, the continuation bar is recorded, the input of the next MIDI clock is waited, and the performance is started in synchronization with the input of the MIDI clock. Note On (8nH) / Note Off (9n
H) are sequentially input, converted into performance data (note data group), recorded, and played in accordance with the sequence data (note data group) in synchronization with the MIDI clock. When the stop message (FCH) is input, the end bar is recorded, and the performance is ended in synchronization with the input of the next MIDI clock.

Next, when the performance operation in any of the above is reproduced, its sequence data, that is, FIG.
The maximum step time (corresponding to the end of a song, etc.) of the sequence data of (a) is searched and stored in the variable (MXSP) area secured in the RAM 13. The sequence data may be converted and expanded as shown in FIG. Also,
The performance may be performed in parallel with the conversion / development process (that is, in parallel with recording (conversion / development) as sequence data). After being developed as sequence data, the electronic musical instrument 1 is set as a slave side, and only the MIDI clock (F8H) is periodically input from the master side, synchronized with the input MIDI clock, and played according to the sequence data. Can also.

In the sequencer of the electronic musical instrument 1, a plurality of songs can be stored and one song is managed as a song, like a general sequencer. Therefore, in addition to the above-mentioned song position pointer + continue, a common message Song selection (F3H), select a song,
The performance of the selected song can be started by the start message. In the above example, the pause switch 51c is provided in addition to the start switch 51b and the stop switch 51d. However, the function of the pause switch 51c for stopping the performance is shared by the stop switch 51d, and the function for restarting the performance. The function of the pause switch 51c can be shared by the start switch 51b to reduce the pause switch 51c itself or its continuation function. However, in the present embodiment, in order to facilitate understanding, the above-described pause switch 51c is used by the pause switch 51c. Perform the continue function.

In the electronic musical instrument 1, the MIDI
In addition to the message, for example, a common message quarter frame (F1H: MIDI time code (MT
C)) is used for synchronizing with the absolute time system similarly to SMPTE. The chain request (F6H) of the common message is a message for instructing tuning of the analog synthesizer, but is not used at present. Therefore, the status byte (F6H) + timing signal (step Time) + data is used as sequence data for specifying registration data (tone, effect, rhythm, etc., settings for automatic performance, etc.) set by a user or a designer (default).

Since this data also includes a timing signal,
In FIG. 9A, the data can be inserted between arbitrary note data in the above-mentioned note data group and used together with the note data.
The registration data change instruction (hereinafter referred to as “registration switching instruction”) data may cause a tempo change when executed, and thus causes the tempo change interrupt described above with reference to FIG.

The system exclusive messages (F0H and F7H) are also provided with a timing signal (step time) so as to be compatible with a universal exclusive message in addition to a manufacturer exclusive message. Further, as described above, since the system reset (FFH) is not actually used, a timing signal (step time) is added in the same manner as the above-described registration switching instruction (F6H) and according to the SMF format. (SMF compatible) as a meta event message. Since these data also include the timing signal, they can be used as sequence data together with the note data.

In the above example, note-on (8 nH) and note-off (9 nH) are used as voice messages.
Although the description has been made of the note data converted from the above, other voice messages are simply used as sequence data by adding a timing signal (step time). That is, polyphonic key pressure (AnH), control change & mode message (BnH), program change (CnH), channel pressure (DnH), pitch bend change (E
nH) can be used as part of the sequence data together with the note data in a form to which a timing signal (step time) is added.

Next, when the electronic musical instrument 1 is set as the slave side in a state where the sequence data is stored, the processing according to the sequence data is started by the MIDI clock from the master. If the start address is the start bar or the continuation bar, the performance starts. In this case, the MIDI clock input triggers the start of the performance. When the electronic musical instrument 1 is not a slave but is alone or on the master side in a state where the sequence data is stored, the operation of the start switch 51b or the pause switch 51c after the pause is used as a trigger for starting the performance.

When a performance start interrupt is generated by these performance start triggers, a calculation start process (S30) is started, for example, as shown in FIG. In this processing (S30), first, since the maximum step time (MXSP) has been set, the address counter 1
The start address is set to 59 (S31), and then the step counter (STPC) 156 (and M if necessary)
The IDI time code counter (MTCC) 157) is reset (S32), bar data processing is performed (S33 (S40)), and the processing (S30) ends (S30).
34).

In the bar data processing (S40), as shown in FIG. 11, first, it is determined whether or not the bar is an end bar (S4).
1) In the case of the end bar (S41: Yes), the start address is set in preparation for the next performance (S42), and the process (S40) ends (S47). But here,
Since it is just after the start of the performance and not the end bar (S4
1: No) Then, it is determined whether or not it is a start bar or a continuation bar (S43, S44). If it is either (S43 or S44: Yes), the address is incremented (+1) (S43, S44: Yes). S45), processing (S4)
0) is ended (S47).

Here, since only the start bar, the continuation bar, and the end bar are defined as the bar data, when none of them is specified (S44: N
o) For example, an error is displayed as an error (S4).
6). Of course, when other bar data is possible,
It is determined whether or not the bar data is present, and processing corresponding to the determination is performed.

Next, when the first step signal is generated from T1T152, the electronic musical instrument 1 uses the first step signal as a reference for time management based on the number of steps.
Generate a step interrupt. When a step interrupt occurs,
For example, as shown in FIG. 12, the step processing (S50) is started. In this process (S50), it is first determined whether or not a performance is being performed (S51).
No), the process (S50) ends as it is (S5).
8). In other words, this means that the user simply stands by except during the performance. On the other hand, when a performance is being performed (S51:
Yes) Next, it is determined whether or not there is an event to be performed at that time (S52).

In the electronic musical instrument 1, as described above, not only the note data but also all the sequence data other than the bar data include the timing designation by the step time. For this reason, the presence or absence of an event is determined by specifying the value of the step counter (STPC) 156 at that time, that is, the current step time (current step) as (the step time of) the processing start timing. It is determined whether there is sequence data to be performed (S52). Since the above-described various message data indicate an event to be executed at a predetermined timing (step time) in advancing the sequence, each sequence data (message data) accompanied with the step time designation will be appropriately referred to as “message data”. Event Data "
The function executed at the specified timing is called an "event".

Next, if there is an event to be performed at that time (S52: Yes), all of those event processes are performed (S53), and if there is no event (S52: N).
o) As it is, then, a step counter (STPC)
156 is incremented (S54). FIG.
By resetting the MTCC at 0 in the above-described processing of S32, here (in the state of the addition step = 1),
The step addition processing (S20) of FIG. 8 may be used.
Thus, an absolute time system (hour / minute / second) during the performance can be displayed.

When the increment of the step counter (STPC) 156 is completed (S54), next, it is determined whether or not it is the maximum step (MXSP) (ie, STPC = MX).
(S55), and if it is not the max step (S55: No), the process (S50) is terminated (S58). On the other hand, in the case of the maximum step (S55: Yes), all the planned sequences have been completed, so that the step counter (STPC) 156 is reset (S56) and the bar data processing is performed for the next performance (S57). ).

In this case, similar to the sequence data of FIG. 9A, there is an end bar at the end of the series of sequence data, so that it is determined that the sequence is the end bar as shown in FIG. 11 (S41: Yes). The head address is set in preparation for the next performance (S42), and the bar data processing (S40) ends (S47 → S57). Then, as shown in FIG. 12, the step processing (S50) ends (S50).
58).

In the event processing (S60), as shown in FIG. 13, all events having the same step times are performed. First, it is determined whether or not the event data is note data (S61). If the event data is note data (S61: Y)
es), and performs sound generation processing (note-on processing) (S6).
2). If it is not note data (S61: No),
Event processing according to the event data is performed (S6
3) Next, it is determined whether there is another event having the same step time (S64). If there is another event (S64: Yes), the event is performed in the same manner, and all the processes are terminated. When there is no event at that step time (S64: No), the process (S6)
0) is ended (S65).

Here, the time management of the absolute time system and the time management of the relative time system will be briefly described. The aforementioned SMP
TE (Society of Motion Picture and Television Eng
ineer) is originally an organization name, but since SMPTE time code is the most popular SMPTE standard, SMPTE time code is generally SMPTE time code.
It is often called MPTE. Therefore, in the present embodiment, S
MPTE = SMPTE described as time code. Originally, SMPTE was widely used as a VTR synchronization signal, but in recent years, links between video and music have been required, such as for creating promotional videos and music videos.
It has the structure of hour / minute / second / frame and absolute time (address,
SMPTE suitable for time management based on (address) information (time management in an absolute time system) is inevitably used for recording, and its effectiveness has been understood and spread. It is also used in the SMF format meta-event described above.

First, in order to adjust the musician's schedule, adjust the space of the studio space, adjust the balance of volume and tone, etc., record the performance of a plurality of parts at once, instead of recording simultaneously. Since multi-track recording (multi-track recording) is more efficient and economical, multi-recording is used in many popular music recordings. This dedicated tape recorder for multiplex recording is called an MTR (multi-track recorder).

Conventionally, the number of tracks of the sequencer is small,
When synthesizers were analog, monophonic, and expensive, to produce chords, it was necessary to play the notes one by one in order to synthesize the sound. As a result, the orchestra performance of the synthesizer was made possible, so that the synchronized performance of the MTR and the sequencer was indispensable. With the advent of MIDI, if the connection of devices becomes easy, there is a shortage of the number of tracks and the compatibility of the sequencers, etc. It was conducted.

Compared with the related art, at present, the number of tracks of the sequencer is sufficient, and the number of simultaneous sounds of the synthesizer is also large. Since vocals and the like are added, even today, multiple recording in which recording is performed for each part in synchronization with the MTR and the sequencer is a general recording method.

With the above-mentioned background, the need for a link between video and music in recent years has been added, and SMPTE has become widespread in studio work, such as synchronization between MTR and sequencer. In response to this, there is an increasing need to manage the time based on absolute time, and accordingly, the time management based on the absolute time (address, address) having the configuration of hour / minute / second / frame like the SMPTE (time in the absolute time system) The standard of the MIDI time code suitable for the management) has been added, and a quarter frame message and other messages of the status byte (F1) have been defined.

On the other hand, as described above, at present, the number of tracks in the sequencer is sufficient, the number of simultaneous sounds in the synthesizer is also large, and drum-based timbres are prepared in many sound source modules. The rhythm machine and other functions have been incorporated into the sequencer, such as being provided in a sequencer.In addition, the all-in-one and workstation configuration of the synthesizer has made it possible to perform all data production from a sound source to the sequencer function with a single unit. The need for synchronization has been reduced, at least in the amateur world.

The song position pointer (F2
H) and song select (F3H), the MIDI standard also provides a message that can be synchronized from the middle of a song or the like with a certain degree of freedom while maintaining a relative time system. In a sequencer using time management in a relative time system, the tempo of performance can be adjusted (designated / changed) at the start of automatic performance.
It is also known that the tempo of the performance can be adjusted (changed) in accordance with the so-called "slip" on the spot. Electronic musical instrument 1
Tempo adjustment dial (tempo change switch) 5
1a is also for this kind of tempo change. The musical score is expressed in a relative time system so that the actual performance time differs even for the same quarter note depending on the performance tempo, so that the relative time system is more intuitively matched.

That is, it is divided into a sequencer based on time management in a relative time system and a sequencer based on time management in an absolute time system. Conventionally, little consideration has been given to the correspondence between these. For this reason, it is difficult to make the time information correspond even if the sequence data created based on the time management of one of the systems is re-edited for the other, or the sequencer of both systems is to perform synchronized performance. ing.

Therefore, the electronic musical instrument 1 can respond to a tempo change or the like by basically managing time in a relative time system.
The relative time system time and the absolute time system time can be output (processed) in association with each other while taking advantage of the relative time system that can be easily intuitively understood from a musical score. Time and the time of the absolute time system can be displayed in association with each other, so that the other time system, that is, the sequence data is managed by the time management of the absolute time system, or the performance is synchronized with the sequencer by the time management of the absolute time system In such a case, it is possible to provide time-corresponding information that is helpful when synchronizing with the absolute time system. Hereinafter, this point will be described in detail.

The electronic musical instrument 1 stores sequence data having a plurality of event data indicating a step time (execution time indicated by a time unit of a relative time system) and an event to be performed at the step time (execution time). As described above, at the start of the performance (as the value of the predetermined start time), the step counter (STPC) is reset (the initial value of the accumulated relative time is stored), and the MIDI time code counter (MTCC) is reset (the accumulated absolute time). The initial value of the time is stored), and at this point, the initial setting described above with reference to FIG. 3 or the tempo when the aforementioned tempo is changed in advance in FIG. 7 is set (the initial value of the execution tempo is stored). Has been).

In this state, if a step interrupt occurs,
As described above with reference to FIG. 12, the event whose step time is specified matches the step time at that time, that is, the event specified by the event data in the order of the step time (execution time) is executed (S52 to S53). Therefore, each event is executed in a sequence (execution order) defined as sequence data.

Here, as described above, in the increment (S54) of the step counter (STPC) 156, the step addition processing (S) described in FIG.
20) is used (S54s). In this case, the addition step = 1 is set (S59), and the step addition processing (S20).
Then, as shown in FIG. 8, the addition step (= 1) is substituted for the variable ADC (determining the relative time difference) (S21),
Based on the current tempo and the relative time difference (ADC),
The absolute time difference ((ADC / SEC) seconds: see FIG. 6) is determined, and the absolute time difference ((ADC / SEC) seconds) is calculated as the accumulated absolute time (time counter of TIM 151 + minute counter + second counter). ) And updated (S23 to S2)
6).

That is, the accumulated absolute time (the value of the TIM 151) indicating the time of the absolute time system is updated corresponding to the accumulated relative time (the value of the STPC 156) indicating the time of the relative time system. Then, the cumulative relative time (the value of the STPC 156) is output as relative timing information (for example, in a format such as “song-measure-beat”), and the cumulative absolute time (TIM15) is output.
(Value of 1) as absolute timing information (for example, "hour / minute / second")
Is output (displayed) in association with the relative timing information (for example, in a format such as "song-measure-beat (hour / minute / second)") (S27). The output (displayed) value is a format based on the MTCC 15, that is, “STPC: TIM” in which the value of the STPC 156 (relative timing information) and the value of the TIM 151 (absolute timing information) are aligned and corresponded.
7 is stored (stored).

Here, the relative time system time (STPC15
The value of 6: step time) can be executed without any problem during execution of the sequence, even if the execution tempo is forcibly changed externally, for example, by operating the tempo change switch 51a, as long as the execution is performed in the relative time system. it can. Therefore, by taking advantage of the relative time system that is easy to grasp intuitively, the sequence can be executed, and even if there is a tempo change in the middle, the relative time system time and the absolute time system time are linked. Can be output (processed). Conversely, the tempo can be forcibly changed during execution of the sequence while the relative time system and the absolute time system are associated with each other. For this reason, the relative time system and the absolute time system can be output (processed) in association with each other without any problem even if event data indicating an event for changing the tempo is included. In addition, this enables time-corresponding information to be used when synchronizing with the absolute time system, such as when editing into sequence data based on absolute time system time management, or when performing synchronized performance with a sequencer using absolute time system time management. Can be provided.

In FIG. 12, the events of the above-described event processing (S53) may be the note on / off (note data) and the registration switching instruction (F6) as described above.
H), system exclusive message (F0H and F7H), meta event (FFH), polyphonic key pressure (AnH), control change & mode message (BnH), program change (CnH), channel pressure (DnH), pitch bend change (EnH) ).

Among them, for example, polyphonic key pressure (AnH) and channel pressure (D
nH), aftertouch and program change (C
nH), pitch tone change (EnH)
With the control change & mode message (BnH), the volume can be changed by designating the volume system, the pedal system, various sound effects, and the like. In addition, the register switching instruction (F6H) can change the tone, effect, rhythm, and other settings for automatic performance as a result of devising them, and provide a system exclusive message (F0H).
H and F7H). Also,
In the meta event, the beat and the like can be changed. In addition, the contents that can be specified in these include the tempo.

As described above, the sequence data handled by the electronic musical instrument 1 can handle display text (data) in the same manner as the SMF-format meta-event, so that it can be used for the display described above. An event (hereinafter referred to as a “bar mark”) for commenting the bar break (how many bars) and an event for commenting the time signature after the change (how many minutes (for example, 4/4) etc.) when the time signature changes Event data indicating "time signature") can be included.

As described above, in the electronic musical instrument 1, the common message of the song option pointer (F2H) and the song select (F3H) can be handled.
The number of each song (each song) among a plurality of songs is also managed. Also, the step time is a relative time system time unit (corresponding to the time base) corresponding to the length of one beat in the first place, so that the step time from the beginning of the music (step time = 0 or offset value by the music number of the step time) The number of beats
It can be obtained directly from the step time (STPC value) at that time.

However, in the electronic musical instrument 1, in order to omit (conserve) the processing for the above display and the display during the execution of the sequence, the music number (what The data of "song-measure" in which the song number and the bar number (how many bars) are arranged and the step time thereof (that is, the step time corresponding to the beginning of the bar) are stored, and the "time signature" , The value (time signature: 4/4, etc.) and the step time at the beginning of the bar following it are stored, and based on an arbitrary step time thereafter, “song-measure-beat” "Is required. That is, the aforementioned MTCC
Immediately after the value of “STPC: TIM” stored in 157 is obtained, it can be output (displayed) in a format such as “song-measure-beat (hour / minute / second)”.

Next, after listening to the above-mentioned automatic performance once, for example, when the user wants to listen to a favorite part (for example, a predetermined phrase or a favorite bar) of a favorite music (tune number), the display 4 is displayed. On the screen 41, the above-mentioned “tune-measure-
For example, if you want to listen to the fourth beat of the third bar of the second song in the form of "beat", you can directly specify that part with a numerical value in the form of "02-03-04", etc. it can. In this case, when the target position is input, the electronic musical instrument 1 outputs (displays) relative timing information (for example, “song-measure-beat”) indicating the target position, and also outputs the absolute timing corresponding to the position. Information (eg "hour / minute / second"
, Etc.) (corresponding to relative timing information) (for example, in a format such as "song-measure-beat (hour / minute / second)") (S27).

In addition to direct designation, from the state in which arbitrary relative time information (for example, “song-measure-beat”) is displayed, for example, a fast-forward (FF) button (fast-forward switch)
51e or rewind (REW) button (rewind switch)
When 51f is operated (pressed) and released, a target position is determined based on the release timing, relative timing information (for example, "song-measure-beat") indicating the position and an absolute timing corresponding thereto. Information (e.g., "hour / minute / second")
It is output (displayed) in correspondence (for example, in a format such as "song-measure-beat (hour / minute / second)") (S27). Here, for the sake of simplicity, the fast-forward switch 51e
Alternatively, the search is started when the rewind switch 51f is pressed (in the first operation), and the search is ended when the release switch 51f is released (in the second operation). And the type of the first operation and the second operation are as follows.
What is necessary is just to determine suitably according to an actual condition.

In these cases, it is detected that the fast-forward switch 51e or the rewind (REW) button (rewind switch) 51 has been pressed (first operation), or that the target position has been numerically input. A target position time search interrupt is generated, and a target position time search process (S70) is started, for example, as shown in FIG. In this process (S70), first, an offset value is set in the step counter (STPC) 156 (or, when the relative time system of the entire music is managed by the relative time (step time) from the beginning of the music, the STPC 156 is reset). ) Or set an offset value in the MTCC 157 (or M
Initialize such as TCC reset (S7)
1).

Next, the tempo at the beginning of the music is obtained (S7).
2). In the case of performance sequence data, there is usually event data for setting tempo information and time signature information first so as not to be affected by the previous song, so the set tempo is obtained. In the case of the electronic musical instrument 1, the event data of the registration switching instruction (F6H) for setting the registration data set by the user is usually arranged here, but the event data corresponding to the set tempo in the SMF format may be used. If it is not the first event of the song, the tempo after the tempo has been changed if there is a previous tempo change when performing automatically, and the default value (tempo = 120 in the electronic musical instrument 1) if there is no change in the sequence data. Therefore, in this process, the sequence data is searched backward and acquired in order to match with the time of the automatic performance. (However, there is almost no case where this search is necessary. If the absolute time is displayed by this process,
You may notice that, so in that sense it is also useful for debugging).

When the tempo of the tune is acquired (S72), the time signature information of the beginning of the tune is acquired similarly to the tempo (S7).
3) Subsequently, the tempo change processing (S10) described above with reference to FIG. 7 is performed based on the tempo of the beginning of the music (S74). As a result, the number of steps equivalent to seconds (SEC) is updated. Next, the designated address of the predetermined pointer (SPINT) for this processing (S70) is moved to the beginning of the music piece. This SPINT replaces the step counter (SPTC) 156 in the case of automatic performance, and is basically a pointer (counter) for specifying a step time. This processing (S70)
In this case, since the jump is performed by skipping the sequential processing of each step, SPINT is used instead of SPTC 156. This SPINT may be considered as a variable stored in the RAM 13, or a general-purpose counter 154 or the like may be used.

In the electronic musical instrument 1, also in this processing (S70), as in the case of the automatic performance described above with reference to FIG. From the state where the sequence data having a plurality of event data indicating the event to be performed at (time) is stored, the beginning of the song to be processed (the predetermined start time)
, An initial value of a step counter (STPC: cumulative relative time) is set (stored), and an initial value of a MIDI time code counter (MTCC: TIM area value = cumulative absolute time) is set (stored). When the tempo is changed, the tempo is set (the initial value of the execution tempo is stored).

Next, it is determined whether or not it is the target position (S7).
6). When the above-mentioned “song-measure-beat” (for example, “02-03-04” or the like) is specified by the direct specification using the above numerical values, the step time indicated by SPINT is
It is determined whether or not the specified "song-measure-beat" matches (S76). If it matches (S76: Yes), it is the target position, so a time display process similar to the above-described time display process (S27) in FIG. 8 is performed (S77), and the process (S7)
0) is completed (S78). That is, the relative time information and the absolute time information are made to correspond to each other and output (displayed) in a format such as "song-measure-beat (hour / minute / second)" (S7).
7), end (S78).

In the case of activation by pressing the fast-forward switch 51e or the rewind switch 51f, it is determined whether or not the operation (pressing) is still continued (that is, whether or not the operation has been released) (S76). ), If it is separated (S76: Yes), it is the target position, so that the relative time information and the absolute time information are made to correspond to each other and output (displayed) (S77), and the process ends (S78).

On the other hand, if it is not the target position (S76: N
o) Then, an event check is performed (S80). This processing is performed by judging whether or not there is an event described above with reference to FIG.
52), but here, even if the step time indicated by SPINT matches the step time specified by the event data, that is, even if it corresponds to “event present”, an event included in the predetermined event is indicated. If not, do nothing.

The predetermined events in this case include, in addition to the bar mark and the beat mark, an event instructing a tempo change or an event instructing various changes including a tempo change. Of these, is represented by a set tempo event, and can be performed by, for example, a system exclusive or the like in addition to registration switching. However, here, only a typical registration switching will be described. It should be noted that as long as the predetermined event includes at least an event relating to a tempo change, there is no particular problem even if other events are included. However, the processing (S70) can be shortened by narrowing down the predetermined events.

As described above, in the case of this processing (S70),
Unlike in the case of the automatic performance described above with reference to FIG. 12, a target position corresponding to a predetermined position on a musical score (a target time indicating a target position on a sequence in time units of a relative time system) is determined, and a plurality of event data are determined. Read out to the target time in the order of execution time. That is, in this case, only the event data whose execution time is from the predetermined start time to the target time is targeted. Also, (executed) one or more types of predetermined events including a tempo change event are defined, and only predetermined events are processed. That is, there is no need to process anything other than the predetermined event until the target time, so that the processing time can be reduced.

Specifically, when the event that matches the step time specified by SPINT is other than the predetermined event,
That is, if there is no event specifying the step time at this time, or if there is an event but it is not a predetermined event, the pointer is simply moved (SPINT ++) (S89), and it is determined again whether or not it is the target position (S89).
76).

On the other hand, for example, when the event that coincides with the step time specified by SPINT is a bar mark event (when it is one of the predetermined events), the step from the previous time display value (the value of MTCC 157) is performed. The sum of the numbers (addition step) is calculated (S81), and FIG.
Performs the above-described step addition processing (S20) (S8).
2).

In the step addition processing (S20), as shown in FIG. 8, the addition step is assigned to the variable ADC (determining the relative time difference) (S21), and the execution tempo and the relative time difference (ADC) at that time are substituted. Based on the absolute time difference ((ADC
/ SEC) second: refer to FIG. 6), update the accumulated relative time difference (STPC value) (S22), and change the absolute time difference ((ADC / SEC) second) to the accumulated absolute time (TIM 151 The value is accumulated and updated to (hour counter + minute counter + second counter value) (S23 to S26).

Next, the updated cumulative relative time (S
TPC 156) as relative timekeeping information, and the updated accumulated absolute time (TIM151 value) as absolute timekeeping information in association with each other (for example, “tune-measure-beat (hour / minute /
Second)) and output (display) (S27),
The process (S20) ends (S28). STPC
“STPC, T” in which the values of 156 and TIM 151 are arranged.
IM ”format, stored (stored) in the MTCC 157,
It is used as the next “value at the time of the previous time display”. Then, as described above, as soon as possible, "Song-
In order to obtain "measure-beat", the data of "song-measure" and its step time (that is, the step time corresponding to the beginning of the measure) are stored (S83), and the time signature information is obtained. (S84), move the pointer (SP
(INT ++) (S89), and it is determined whether or not it is the target position (S76).

For example, when the event that coincides with the SPINT step time is a beat mark event (when it is one of the predetermined events), the number of steps from the previous time display value (the value of the MTCC 157) is calculated. The addition (addition step) is calculated (S85), and similarly, the step addition processing (S20) in FIG.
86), the relative time difference is determined, and the accumulated relative time difference (STP
C value) is determined, the absolute time difference is determined, and the accumulated absolute time (TIM value) at that time is updated and accumulated, and output (display) as relative time information and absolute time information respectively. Subsequently, the value (time signature: 4/4, etc.) and the step time at the beginning of the bar are stored to quickly obtain the "song-bar-beat" (S87), and the pointer movement (SPINT ++) is performed. Then, it is determined whether or not it is the target position (S76).

Also, for example, an event that coincides with the step time is an event instructing a tempo change (in the case of one of the predetermined events and a tempo change event), and the addition of the number of steps from the previous time display value The minute (addition step) is calculated (S91), and the step addition processing (S20) is performed (S92) to determine the relative time difference, and the relative time difference is accumulated and updated to the accumulated relative time difference (STPC value). The time difference is determined, accumulated and updated to the accumulated absolute time (TIM value) at that time, and output (displayed) as relative time information and absolute time information, respectively.
I do. Subsequently, the tempo change processing described above with reference to FIG. 7 (S10)
(S93), and move the pointer (SPINT ++)
(S89), and it is determined whether or not it is the target position (S7).
6).

For example, when the event coincident with the step time is an event instructing various changes including a tempo change (here, “registration switching instruction”: one of predetermined events and a tempo change event) Basically, as in the case of, the addition of the number of steps (addition step) from the value at the time of the previous time display is calculated (S95), and the step addition processing (S20) is performed (S96). , The relative time difference is determined, the cumulative relative time difference (STPC value) is accumulated and updated, the absolute time difference is determined, and the accumulated absolute time (TIM value) at that time is accumulated and updated, and Output (display) the relative timing information and the absolute timing information in association with each other. Subsequently, since the registration is switched, the tempo is acquired from the new registration (S9).
7) To change the tempo, a tempo change process (S10) is performed (S98), and the pointer is moved (SPI).
NT ++) (S89), and it is determined whether or not it is the target position (S76).

As described above, in the case of this processing (S70),
If the event matching the SPINT step time is one of the predetermined events, a relative time difference that is a difference between the step time (execution time) indicated by the event data and the accumulated relative time at that time is determined. The absolute time difference corresponding to the relative time difference is determined based on the execution tempo and the relative time difference at the time, the relative time difference is accumulated and updated to the accumulated relative time at that time, and the absolute time difference is accumulated at the time. Updates cumulatively to the absolute time. Thus, even if only a predetermined event is to be processed, the accumulated absolute time indicating the time in the absolute time system is updated in correspondence with the accumulated relative time indicating the time in the relative time system.

In the case of a tempo change event, the execution tempo is updated by the tempo change. Therefore, there is no problem even if event data indicating an event for which the execution tempo is changed is included in the relative time system and the absolute time system. It can be output (processed) in association with it. In addition, this enables time-corresponding information to be used when synchronizing with the absolute time system, such as when editing into sequence data based on absolute time system time management, or when performing synchronized performance with a sequencer using absolute time system time management. Can be provided.

Further, since the target position can be specified by directly specifying the numerical value, the time in the absolute time system can be quickly output only by inputting the target time in the relative time system. Further, in the case of activation by pressing the fast forward switch 51e or the rewind switch 51f, the target time can be input by changing the value to an arbitrary execution time as an initial value and adjusting the value to the target time. If the time is not clear, enter it roughly, for example, try playing a bit from that position, and adjust it to the desired target time while adjusting it little by little before or after it. You can enter the desired time.

It should be noted that the step addition processing (S
20), an addition step is obtained as an addition of the number of steps, and the cumulative relative time (STP
C value) and the cumulative absolute time (TIM value) indicating the time of the absolute time system corresponding thereto have been updated. However, on the basis of the relative time system, the processing is performed on the basis of the step time. Since the increment of (STPC ++) is indispensable, for example, as shown in FIG. 15, immediately after the process of incrementing the STPC (STPC ++) (S101), the process of obtaining the absolute time system time (S102 to S2)
4 to S26) to add this step addition processing (S10
Step counter (STP) that displays the time of the relative time system and the absolute time system at every increment of the whole of 0)
The processing for the increment of C) may be performed.

The above step addition processing (S10
0) is prepared, in the above-described step processing at the time of the performance in FIG. 12, instead of incrementing the step counter (STPC) (STPC ++), a step addition processing (S100) is executed as shown in FIG. 16 (S100). S11
1) It is sufficient. Similarly, in the target position time search process described above with reference to FIG. 14, the pointer is not the SPINT, but the original step counter (STPC), and the pointer (S
Instead of the (PINT) movement process (S89), a step addition process (S100) may be executed (S121) as shown in FIG.

In the tempo change processing in FIG. 7, the period of the first tick signal is changed by setting the count value of T1T152, and the period of the third tick signal is changed by setting the count value of T2T153. Similarly to the above, the period of the carry signal from the frame counter to the second counter can be set by the count value (the same value as SEC), and the number of steps equivalent to seconds (SE) can be set.
Instead of C), the count value can be updated. As a result, the processing for obtaining the time in the absolute time system (S102 to S24 to S26) in FIG.
24 to S26) can be omitted (can be automatically executed by the TIM 151). In addition, in the case where the step addition processing (S100) is performed on all the steps in FIG. 17 and the like, it is preferable to execute the processing by hardware (TIM 151) because the counter can be speeded up.

In the time display processing shown in FIGS. 8, 14, 15, 17, etc., "music-measure-beat (hour / minute / beat)
Seconds) "and other formats, but other formats may be used,
A simpler form may be used. For example, in the case of displaying the time in the absolute time system, if it is less than one hour even if all songs are combined, or if it is enough to display “minutes”,
"Time" may be omitted. Also, in the display of the time in the relative unit system, instead of "song-measure-beat", "song-measure" up to a measure unit may be used. "Song-beat". For debugging the sequence data, a step time (relative time system time unit) may be added. If measures or beats are not required, only "song-step time" or even "step time" May be displayed.

In the above-described embodiment, only the display is described as the output form of the time information. However, in the same form as the display, the relative time information is output to another device (sequencer or the like) by, for example, MIDI communication or the like. And the absolute time information can be output in association with each other. In addition, although the example of the electronic musical instrument of the electronic organ type is given, the sequence data processing method, the sequencer, and the electronic musical instrument of the present invention may be any electronic musical instrument having a sequencer function and capable of performing automatically.
It can be applied to other types (for example, electronic piano type). In addition, as long as the process is performed until time information is obtained, the sequence data can be edited (edited, modified, etc.) even if it does not have a sound source itself (for example, a computer such as a personal computer). Applicable. In addition, when used for these, modifications can be made as appropriate without departing from the gist of the present invention.

[0166]

As described above, according to the sequence data processing method, sequencer and electronic musical instrument of the present invention,
It can also respond to tempo changes, etc., while taking advantage of the relative time system that can be intuitively grasped from the musical score etc., it can output the relative time system and the absolute time system in association with each other, and can synchronize with the absolute time system There is an effect that reference time correspondence information can be provided.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an electronic musical instrument to which a sequence data processing method, a sequencer, and an electronic musical instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention are applied.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a schematic appearance of a keyboard and a panel which are main operation units of the electronic musical instrument of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a conceptual process of overall control of the electronic musical instrument of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a relationship between a time base and the number of ticks for each note.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of setting a basic time unit signal for a performance tempo when time base = 384.

FIG. 6 is a correlation diagram showing the relationship between the absolute time system and the relative time system with respect to the performance tempo when the time base = 384.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a tempo change process.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a step addition process.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of performance data (sequence data).

FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a performance start process.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating an example of bar data processing.

FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating an example of step processing.

FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating an example of an event process.

FIG. 14 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a target position time search process.

FIG. 15 is a flowchart similar to FIG. 8, showing another example.

FIG. 16 is a flowchart similar to FIG. 12, showing another example.

FIG. 17 is a flowchart similar to FIG. 14, showing another example.

[Explanation of symbols]

Reference Signs List 1 electronic musical instrument 3 keyboard 4 display 5 panel 6 pedal 7 external storage interface (ESI) 8 sound generator 10 control unit 11 CPU 12 ROM 12a control program area 12b control data area 13 RAM 15 internal bus 16 clock circuit (CLK) 20 operation unit Reference Signs List 30 power supply unit 31 key (key) 41 display screen 51 panel switch 51a tempo adjustment dial (tempo change switch) 51b play button (start switch) 51c pause button (pause switch) 51d stop button (Stop switch) 51e Fast forward (FF) button (fast forward switch) 51f Rewind (REW) button (rewind switch) 51s Power key 52 Indicator 61 Pedal 71 FD (ES) 81 Circuit near speaker (amplifier) ) 82 speaker 100 peripheral control circuits (peripheral controller: PC
N) 100 110 Detection section 111 Panel switch operation detection circuit (panel switch operation detection sensor) 112 Board key detection circuit (board key operation detection sensor) 113 Pedal operation detection circuit (pedal operation detection sensor) 120 Drive section 121 Display driver 122 Indicator Driver 123 Performance driver 130 MIDI interface 131 MIDI transmission circuit (transmitter) 132 MIDI reception circuit (receiver) 135 MIDI connector 140 External storage controller (ESC) 141 Hard disk (HD) 150 Counter unit 151 Real time timer (TIM) 152 First tick Timer (T1T) 153 Second tick timer (T2T) 154 General-purpose counter 156 Step counter (STPC) 157 MIDI type Code counter (MTCC) 160 tone 161 tone generator (TG) 162 D / A converter

Claims (17)

[Claims] 1. A sequence data storing step of storing sequence data having a plurality of event data indicating an execution time indicated by a time unit of a relative time system and an event performed at the execution time, and accumulating the sequence data as a value of a predetermined start time An initial relative time storing step of storing an initial value of a relative time; an initial absolute time storing step of storing an initial value of an accumulated absolute time as the value of the predetermined start time; and an execution tempo as the value of the predetermined start time. An initial execution tempo storage step of storing an initial value; an event data reading step of reading the plurality of event data in the order of the execution time; and an execution time indicated by the read event data and the accumulated relative time at that time. A relative time difference determining step of determining a relative time difference that is a difference, and an execution tempo at the time when the event data is read out and a previous time. An absolute time difference determining step of determining an absolute time difference corresponding to the relative time difference based on the relative time difference; and a cumulative relative time update for accumulating and updating the relative time difference to the cumulative relative time at that time. And an accumulated absolute time updating step of accumulating and updating the absolute time difference to the accumulated absolute time at that time, and outputting the accumulated relative time as relative time information, and using the accumulated absolute time as absolute time information. A sequence data processing method comprising: a timing information output step of outputting the timing information in association with the relative timing information; and an event execution step of executing an event indicated by the read event data. 2. Sequence data having one or more types of predetermined events including an event of a change in execution tempo, and having a plurality of event data indicating an execution time indicated by a time unit of a relative time system and an event to be performed at the execution time. A target time determining step of determining a target time indicating a target position on the sequence in time units of a relative time system; and storing an initial value of the accumulated relative time as a value of a predetermined start time. An initial relative time storing step, an initial absolute time storing step of storing an initial value of an accumulated absolute time as the value of the predetermined start time, and an initial execution tempo storing an initial value of an execution tempo as the value of the predetermined start time A storage step; an event data reading step of reading the plurality of event data in order of the execution time until the target time; When the event indicated by the given event data is one of the plurality of types of predetermined events, a relative time for determining a relative time difference that is a difference between the execution time indicated by the event data and the cumulative relative time at that time A difference determination step, and when the event is one of the predetermined events, an absolute time difference determination step of determining an absolute time difference corresponding to the relative time difference based on the execution tempo and the relative time difference at that time. An accumulated relative time update step of accumulating and updating the relative time difference to the accumulated relative time at that time when the event is one of the predetermined events; An accumulative absolute time updating step of accumulating and updating a time difference to the accumulative absolute time at that time; and an event indicated by the read event data indicates that the execution tempo change In the case of an event, an execution tempo updating step of updating the execution tempo by changing the tempo; and, when the execution time indicated by the read event data is the target time, outputting the accumulated relative time as relative timekeeping information, A time information output step of outputting the accumulated absolute time as absolute time information in association with the relative time information. 3. The sequence data processing method according to claim 2, wherein the target time specifying step includes a target time numerical value inputting step of directly inputting a numerical value indicating the target time. 4. The target time specifying step includes a target time change inputting step of inputting the target time by changing an arbitrary execution time as an initial value and adjusting the value to match the target time. Claim 2 or 3
3. The sequence data processing method according to item 1. 5. The sequence according to claim 1, wherein the sequence data includes event data indicating an event for performing a performance corresponding to a predetermined score. Data processing method. 6. The sequence data processing method according to claim 5, wherein the relative timing information includes musical score information corresponding to a position on the musical score. 7. The sequence data processing method according to claim 6, wherein the musical score information includes at least one of bar information and beat information at that time. 8. The timekeeping information output step includes a timekeeping information display step of displaying the relative timekeeping information and the absolute timekeeping information in association with each other. Sequence data processing method. 9. A sequence data storage means for storing sequence data having a plurality of event data indicating an execution time indicated by a time unit of a relative time system and an event to be executed at the execution time, and accumulating the sequence data as a value of a predetermined start time. Initial relative time storage means for storing an initial value of relative time; initial absolute time storage means for storing an initial value of cumulative absolute time as the value of the predetermined start time; and execution tempo as the value of the predetermined start time. An initial execution tempo storage unit that stores an initial value; an event data reading unit that reads the plurality of event data in the order of the execution time; and an execution time indicated by the read event data and the accumulated relative time at that time. A relative time difference determining means for determining a relative time difference that is a difference, and an execution tempo at the time when the event data is read and An absolute time difference determining unit that determines an absolute time difference corresponding to the relative time difference based on the relative time difference; and a cumulative relative time update that accumulates and updates the relative time difference to the cumulative relative time at that time. Means, an accumulative absolute time updating means for accumulating and updating the absolute time difference to the accumulative absolute time at that time, and outputting the accumulative relative time as relative time information, and using the accumulative absolute time as absolute time information. A sequencer comprising: timing information output means for outputting the time information in association with the relative time information; and event executing means for executing an event indicated by the read event data. 10. Sequence data in which at least one type of predetermined event including an event of an execution tempo change is defined, and a plurality of event data indicating an execution time indicated by a time unit of a relative time system and an event to be performed at the execution time are set. Sequence data storage means for storing a target time on a sequence, a target time determination means for determining a target time indicating a target position in a relative time system, and an initial value of the accumulated relative time as a value of a predetermined start time. Initial relative time storage means, initial absolute time storage means for storing an initial value of the accumulated absolute time as the value of the predetermined start time, and initial execution tempo for storing an initial value of the execution tempo as the value of the predetermined start time Storage means; event data reading means for reading the plurality of event data in order of the execution time up to the target time; When the event indicated by the issued event data is one of the plurality of types of predetermined events, a relative time difference that determines a relative time difference between the execution time indicated by the event data and the accumulated relative time at that time. Time difference determining means; and if the event is one of the predetermined events, an absolute time difference determining means for determining an absolute time difference corresponding to the relative time difference based on the execution tempo and the relative time difference at that time. An accumulated relative time updating means for accumulating and updating the relative time difference to the accumulated relative time at that time when the event is one of the predetermined events; and Cumulative absolute time updating means for accumulating and updating an absolute time difference with the cumulative absolute time at that time; and an event indicated by the read event data is used for changing the execution tempo. In the case of the event, the execution tempo updating means for updating the execution tempo by changing the tempo, and when the execution time indicated by the read event data is the target time, the accumulated relative time is output as relative timing information, Timing information output means for outputting the accumulated absolute time as absolute time information in association with the relative time information. 11. The sequencer according to claim 10, wherein the target time designation means has target time value input means for directly inputting a numerical value indicating the target time. 12. The target time specifying means includes target time change input means for inputting the target time by changing an arbitrary execution time as an initial value and adjusting the value to the target time. The sequencer according to claim 10, wherein 13. The sequencer according to claim 9, wherein the sequence data includes event data indicating an event for performing a performance corresponding to a predetermined score. . 14. The sequencer according to claim 13, wherein the relative timing information includes musical score information corresponding to a position on the musical score. 15. The sequencer according to claim 14, wherein the musical score information includes at least one of bar information and beat information at that time. 16. The time information output means includes time information display means for displaying the relative time information and the absolute time information in association with each other.
5. The sequencer according to any one of 5. An electronic musical instrument comprising the sequencer according to any one of claims 9 to 16.