JP2001508142A - Composite fiber material for heat insulation of human body - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] Human body heat protection consisting of an outer area that essentially ensures airtightness, an intermediate area where air flux circulates, and an inner area that ensures mass and heat transfer in the intermediate area. In the composite fiber material for use, the composite fiber material is composed of a three-dimensional woven fabric (1, 3, 4), and the fabric (1) is composed of a hydrophobic woven fabric, constitutes an outer region, and the other fabric is formed. (4) is made of a woven or knitted fabric of hydrophilic fibers and constitutes an inner area, and the two kinds of woven cloths (1, 4) are connected by a connecting thread (5) for ensuring the existence of an intermediate area. A composite fiber material characterized by being made.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION                           Composite fiber material for heat insulation of human body   TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a conjugate fiber material for heat insulation of a human body, and particularly to an air permeability on a human body surface. Enhancing comfort or ensuring human survival in hot or very hot environments It is.   Thermal regulation of the human body in hot environments is essentially due to conduction, convection, radiation and evaporation of sweat. It is also based on lowering of skin temperature due to convection and evaporation in the lungs to a lesser extent.   Real environmental conditions or microscopic environmental conditions that occur near the body (essentially temperature and Humidity) the exchange is limited and the comfort or even the survival of a person is at risk. The following two methods are used.   a) Aeration of relatively fresh dry air (up to 4 ° -5 ° C below skin temperature) ,   b) Contact an object with high specific heat or high conversion latent heat (this object must be cooled beforehand). Dismissed).   The first method is particularly preferable in terms of effect, flexibility in use, and comfort. Method is generally limited only when a relatively fresh dry air source is not available in the environment Is done. However, even in actual methods based on air ventilation, the energy balance may be It is not completely satisfactory because it can be below average. That is, for example In the case of air conditioning for a person in the living space of a car, the ratio between the effective output and the input is 1 : 10. Besides, chemical attack, biological attack, nuclear material attack or thermal attack Use non-optimized air when using protective equipment (fire protection) And its autonomy is impaired. In fact, sweating that causes hyperthermia or injury when exposed to high temperatures Use ventilators or relatively heavy or bulky air conditioners. If this equipment is required or when wearing this equipment, Limited.   Therefore, especially on important parts of the human body, such as on the chest, arms, thighs, head, and back Anyone operating under mild conditions with temperature and humidity specific conditions on enough surface Or maintained using individual devices connected to external ventilation or air conditioning devices for the population. , Uses a method that eliminates the necessary load according to the heat resistance of the skin and improves air permeability in the human body I think it is good to have. Such mild conditions are especially important for Supplying dry air at a low flow rate, discharging humid and hot air, and circulating air in individual devices (For example, less than 800 Pa). Outer ring If the environment allows, natural ventilation from the movement of the garment is sufficient and no forced ventilation is required. It is.   In the present invention, in implementing the above-described individual devices, a composite fiber essentially consisting of The use of fiber material solves the above problem.   Outer area to ensure airtightness,   An intermediate area where the air flux can circulate,   Inner area that ensures mass and heat transfer from the person to the middle.   In this patent application, the modifier “outside” is directly related to the environment in which the person is surrounded. Or indirectly opposed elements, while the qualifier "inside" Facing directly (in contact with skin) or indirectly (in contact with clothing) Represents an element.   When implementing a composite material having such a structure, three-dimensional fibers alone or in combination with other fibers are used. It is preferable to use them together.   Three-dimensional fiber is a relatively new product, consisting of two types of fabrics connected by connecting yarns. You. Generally, the connecting yarn of the three-dimensional fiber has a relatively constant thickness for a given woven fabric. Fiber material, which can be fixed to, for example, 3 to 30 mm or more For example, it has size, elasticity, and density. At present, three-dimensional woven fabric is the opposite Has an application in the field of protective clothing due to its habitability or the presence of an air layer in its internal volume (protection For fire).   The connecting yarn of the three-dimensional woven fabric is made of, for example, polyamide, because of its bending rate and density. The woven fabric has good compression resistance in the perpendicular direction, not only low load loss, but also three-dimensional woven fabric. Air circulation within the interior and at the level of the possible compression point is also ensured. These two One characteristic is unique to three-dimensional woven fabrics, for example, using traditional methods as pad material It cannot be obtained with the polyurethane type foam used in the above. Furthermore, this series The knot captures sweat and promotes its evaporation.   Thus, the material of the present invention can be formed from two fabrics or woven fabrics that are asymmetric in composition. Composed of a single three-dimensional woven fabric or a symmetrical three-dimensional woven fabric, Add fabric or woven fabric to ensure required mobility.   Airtightness is the main purpose of limiting the leakage of air circulating in the three-dimensional woven fabric. By a coated woven fabric (eg, a polyester woven fabric coated with polyurethane) Can be achieved. This woven fabric constitutes the outer surface of the three-dimensional woven fabric or The side which complements the side of. Airtightness is all that is required when this woven fabric is used in the manufacture of garments. There is no need to span the body. That is, the outer layer must have air circulation in the middle area. To allow sufficient exchange between the body and the environment so that the above devices can be used. Because it is necessary to   Mobility is controlled by the inner layer, e.g. polyester type, polyamide type or poly. A woven or knitted fabric of one type of fiber of the rear acetate type or a mixture of these. Achieved by aqueous processing, good liquid mobility, good drying, steam The permeability is also good. This inner layer is separated from or separated from the second side of the three-dimensional fabric. Configured elements. In the latter case, a sufficient through hole is provided on the second surface of the three-dimensional woven fabric. Heat transfer and mass transfer between the inside of the three-dimensional woven fabric and the material constituting the inner layer. It is preferable not to block.   Such fibrous materials may be, for example, in the form of clothing covering certain parts of the body or in seats or bedding. Used in the form of a cover, this cover comes into contact with undressed or undressed people. this In both cases, the circulation of the air flux is controlled by the diffuser located after the air inlet and by the outlet. This takes place via a previously located collector. The diffusion part and the collection part are within the thickness of the composite fiber material Made by continuous or discontinuous seams, which diffuses and traps air flux Is done. Similarly, fresh or continuous seams between the diffuser and collector with continuous or discontinuous seams A preferential passage can be provided for distributing the drying air according to a predetermined circulation . Diffusion, collection, and possibly priority passages should be provided on chair or bedding covers as well. Can be opened.   The composite fiber materials according to the invention and the products made therefrom have a comfort or even higher It is intended to ensure thermal regulation of human survival in a warm environment, and is used especially in the following cases. You.   1) Protection of people living in enclosed spaces such as cockpits, sleeping bags, etc.   2) Operability and human autonomy by preventing the natural movement of sweat and heat from the body to the external environment Control that reduces chemical, thermal, and Protection, protection against steam or fire.   In addition, many of the novel advantages of the present invention are that three-dimensional woven fabrics are used in some types of clothing or protection. The use of these can still ensure certain important known effects. For bullet launch protection, Due to the reduction of the background effect, this material is incorporated into the protection itself as a layer of traumatic damage I will. Thermal protection versus steam or fire protection reduces heat transfer by conduction and convection, It is also incorporated into protection.   Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the attached drawing, 1 is a sectional view showing a first embodiment of a composite fiber material, and FIG. FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing a second embodiment, and FIG. 3 is another structural sectional view of the present material. FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing another embodiment of the fiber material, and FIG. FIG. 6 is a partially enlarged view of FIG. 5, and FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the shape of a girder priority passage.   FIG. 1 shows a cross section of a fibrous material composed of an outer layer 1, a space 3, and an inner layer 4. . The outer layer and the inner layer are connected by a connecting yarn 5 to form a so-called three-dimensional woven fabric. . The outer layer 1 ensures considerable airtightness, for example, of the polyester type Consists of an aqueous woven fabric, the tightness of which, when required throughout, It can be adjusted with layer 2, for example a polyurethane layer. There is no need for airtightness throughout, If a low degree of exchange is maintained (ventilation shuts down), good water vapor permeability The material of the composition or structure is used throughout to control air leakage between both sides of the outer layer. To ensure that there is a sufficient degree of load loss. Inner layer 4 is made of hydrophilic poly Ester type, polyamide type or polyacetate type (or Woven or knitted fabric of hydrophilic fibers. This woven or knitted fabric Requires good liquid mobility, which means that the suction pressure is low and the absorption rate is low. High, low saturation level and good drying property, ie high surface coverage and high drying rate It means high and also good water vapor permeability.   In this embodiment of FIG. 1, the outer region is constituted by a layer 1, and optionally a covering layer 2. , The middle area consists of the space 3 traversed by the connecting yarn 5, and the inner area consists of the woven fabric 4. Has been established.   In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the outer region and the intermediate region have the same structure as the material of FIG. However, the inner area is limited by a fabric 6 of the same type as the layer 4 of FIG. 6 is separated from the three-dimensional woven fabric composed of the outer fabric 1, the space 3, and the supplementary fabric 7. The connecting yarn connects the fabrics 1 and 7, and the material of the fabrics 1 and 7 is three-dimensional. Preferably, they are identical to simplify woven fabric manufacture. But the structure of the complementary fabric It is preferable to increase the number of through holes (openings 8) so as not to hinder heat and mass transfer. New   The fiber materials shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 correspond to those of FIGS. 1 and 2, respectively, with the difference that The outer layer is composed of fabric 1a, possibly separate from the fabric constituting the three-dimensional woven fabric Is provided.   FIG. 5 schematically shows protective clothing using the fiber material of the present invention.   This garment 10 as an example has a hood 11 connected to an upper garment 12 with sleeves 13. Trousers 14 with legs 15.   A relatively fresh dry air inlet 16 from an external venting device (not shown) The air is emptied of the fibrous material, for example, via a diffusion zone 17 located around the neck of the garment. Introduced within interval 3. This diffusion area is formed by continuous seams 18 and discontinuous seams 19. A boundary is defined, and the latter discontinuous seam causes diffusion to the entire space 3 (Indicated by arrows). In the lower part of the upper garment 12 there is a continuous seam where the collection area 20 is continuous. 18 and discontinuous seams 19, and the outlet 2 connected to the ventilator The air flux that has passed through the upper garment toward 1 (see FIG. 6) is collected.   Inner surface of priority passage (see FIG. 7) to reduce leakage of fabric 22 Can be added above.   Diffusion, collection area supplied to the hood and legs via an upper garment or in independent passages Provides fresh dry air. For this reason, the legs may have continuous seams or discontinuities. Inlet 16 'and drain with or without a preferential passage in combination with a seam An opening 21 'can be provided.   Similarly, the textile material can be used to make chair covers, bedding covers, sleeping bags, etc. , In this case, a diffusion region having an inlet and an outlet respectively connected to the ventilation device, A collection area is provided for each of these materials.

Claims (1)

[Claims]   l. The outer area, which is essentially airtight, and the middle area, where the air flux circulates Body heat insulation consisting of an inner area to ensure mass and heat transfer to intermediate areas Composite fiber material is composed of three-dimensional woven fabric (1, 3, 4). The fabric (1) is composed of a hydrophobic woven fabric, constituting the outer area, The fabric (4) consists of a woven or knitted fabric of hydrophilic fibers and constitutes the inner area, The two woven fabrics (1, 4) are connected by a connecting thread (5) ensuring the presence of an intermediate area A composite fiber material.   2. The outer area, which is essentially airtight, and the middle area, where the air flux circulates Body heat insulation consisting of an inner area to ensure mass and heat transfer to intermediate areas The composite fiber material is composed of a three-dimensional woven fabric (1, 3, 7). The fabric (1) is composed of a hydrophobic woven fabric, constituting the outer area, The fabric (7) consists of the same or different woven fabric and is spaced from the three-dimensional woven fabric Limited by a woven or knitted fabric of hydrophilic fibers (6), these two types of fabrics (1 and 7) are connected by a connecting yarn (5) that secures the existence of an intermediate region. Characterized by composite fiber material.   3. Through holes are provided in the surface of the three-dimensional woven fabric (7) facing the woven or knitted fabric (6). The composite fiber material according to claim 2, wherein:   4. The fabric (1) may include an optional first layer and an adjacent hydrophobic woven fabric (1a). The composite fiber material according to claim 1, wherein:   5. Three-dimensional woven fabric (1,3,7) is one side of hydrophobic woven fabric (1a) and hydrophilic A fiber woven or knitted fabric (6) lined on another side, characterized in that 3. The composite fiber material according to claim 2.   6. The hydrophobic woven fabric (1, 1a) has a coating layer (2). Item 6. The composite fiber material according to any one of Items 4 and 5.   7. For a human body protection element using the composite fiber material according to any one of claims 1 to 6. The protective element may be introduced into the protective element from an external source (forced ventilation) or the clothing Means (16) for introducing a (naturally ventilated) air flux generated by motion, and the internal volume of the three-dimensional woven fabric Diffusion zone (17) for distributing the air flux therein, and the air flux circulated through the three-dimensional woven fabric A collecting area (20) for collecting air and an air flow velocity discharging means (21). The body protection element to be a symbol.   8. Continuing a preferential passage in the interior volume of the three-dimensional fabric between the diffusion area and the collection area Characterized in that it is formed with a stitched seam (18) or a discontinuous seam (19). A protective element according to claim 7.