JP2001347885A - Braking notifying device for vehicle to succeeding traveling vehicle, and reduction gear ratio detector used therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a braking notifying device for a vehicle to a succeeding traveling vehicle, informing the succeeding vehicle of a braking notice display early to avoid a rear-end collision. SOLUTION: An outer case 18 is rotatably supported to a liquid storage tank 12 mounted to a vehicle body frame. An inner case 20 accommodating a mercury bulb 21 serving as an inertia force sensing object is accommodated in the outer case 18. A weight 33 and a float 34 for attitude control are connected to the outer case 18 through connecting rods 31, 32. When the vehicle is decelerated, the mercury bulb 21 in the inner case 20 moves along an inclined bottom face 20a of the case from a non-sensing position P1 below to a sensing position P2 above. At this time, a plurality of contacts 22-27 are electrically brought into contact to light a braking notice display lamp.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a device for predicting braking of a vehicle such as an automobile or the like behind the vehicle. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for determining whether or not a driver needs to brake without depressing a brake pedal after finding an obstacle. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a braking warning device that gives a warning of braking at an early stage of thinking and can appropriately perform a braking warning even when a vehicle inclines while traveling on an uphill road.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In general, a vehicle is equipped with a braking device for stopping a running state. When a brake pedal is depressed, the vehicle decelerates and stops. At this time, a braking indicator lamp is lit on both sides of the rear portion of the vehicle, and the following vehicle is notified so as not to collide. If the discovery of the lighting of the braking indicator lamp is delayed or the vehicle is suddenly decelerated due to a sudden depression of the brake pedal, there is a high risk that the following vehicle will collide with the preceding vehicle.

[0003] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No.
Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 0-287173 has proposed a braking warning device. In this brake warning device, brake warning display means is arranged at a position visible from behind the vehicle, and a signal indicating that the driver is about to start a braking operation is displayed on the brake warning display means before the brake display lamp is turned on. It has become. Further, the braking notice display means is configured to start displaying from a play area of the brake pedal.

According to the above-described brake warning device, the brake warning display lamp is turned on before the brake actually starts to be applied, so that the possibility that the following vehicle will collide with the preceding vehicle can be reduced.

[0005]

In the above-mentioned conventional brake warning device, the display is started from the play area of the brake pedal, so that the driver senses a driving obstacle and thinks whether or not braking should be performed. It takes a predetermined time from when the driver determines that braking is necessary and when the accelerator pedal is released to when the foot is transferred to the brake pedal. For this reason, after the vehicle approaches the obstacle during the transfer, the following vehicle will give a notice of braking, and the following vehicle will check the notice of braking of the preceding vehicle and wait for a while before applying the brake. There is a problem that the length of the vehicle becomes shorter and the following vehicle approaches the preceding vehicle, so that a rear-end collision cannot be avoided.

By the way, in the device of the present invention which detects the occurrence of deceleration and gives a warning of braking, it is assumed that the cause of the change to deceleration during constant speed traveling is overwhelming when the accelerator pedal is fully released. Based on this idea, there is no need or value for the device of the present invention if the braking notice signal can be easily obtained by the movement of the accelerator pedal. Also, in a hybrid car or the like with an electric drive, a signal at the time of deceleration can be easily output from an electric circuit or the like. However, the deceleration caused by the subtle movement of the accelerator pedal is often difficult to detect. For example, during traveling on a highway, even if the force on the accelerator pedal is slightly reduced, the speed is greatly reduced depending on how fast the accelerator pedal is released. In particular, this phenomenon appears remarkably in the case of an upward gradient.

[0007] A similar phenomenon also occurs on a steep uphill slope other than the highway. Further, in addition to the above, a deceleration that cannot be expected normally occurs due to a difference in driver's driving operation, a change in road conditions, and the like.

For this reason, since it is difficult to extract all accurate signals from the motion of the accelerator pedal, the present device has been proposed which can cope with deceleration caused by any cause. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention solves the above-described problems of the conventional technology, and displays a braking advance notice at an early stage when a driver finds an obstacle and thinks whether braking is necessary without stepping on a brake pedal. Another object of the present invention is to provide a device for notifying a succeeding vehicle of a rear-end collision and avoiding a rear-end collision, so as to provide a braking warning device for a vehicle traveling behind the vehicle.

Another object of the present invention is to provide, in addition to the above objects, a braking warning device which can properly perform a braking warning even when the vehicle is inclined while traveling on an uphill road.

[0010]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to solve the above problems, the invention according to claim 1 is mounted on a vehicle and detects a deceleration state during traveling of the vehicle, that is, a reduction ratio.
When the speed reduction ratio has reached a set value, a speed reduction ratio detector that outputs an operation signal, and a braking warning display unit that displays a braking warning by the operation signal output from the speed reduction ratio detector are provided. Make a summary.

[0011] The invention described in claim 2 is characterized in that the speed reduction ratio detector is configured to detect based on an inertial force received by an inertial force sensing object when the vehicle decelerates. According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the second aspect, the speed reduction ratio detector is mounted on a vehicle and accommodates the inertial force sensing object, and an inertial force sensing object accommodated in the accommodation case. Holding means in a non-sensing position in a normal running state, and holding so as to be moved to a sensing position by inertia force in a deceleration state, and output an operation signal when the inertial force sensing object is moved to the sensing position. And an operation signal output unit.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the third aspect, the inertial force sensing object is housed in a housing case having an inclined bottom surface as the holding means, the height of the object being higher as it goes forward in the running direction of the vehicle. In the normal running state, the inertial force sensing object is held at the lowest position on the inclined bottom surface, that is, at the non-sensing position, and moves to the sensing position where the inertial force has moved diagonally upward along the inclined bottom surface due to the inertial force when the vehicle is decelerated. The gist is that it is configured to be performed.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the fourth aspect, the operation signal output means is energized by a conductive inertial force sensing object moved to a sensing position in the housing case and outputs an electric signal. And a power supply for driving the brake advance notice display means, and a lead wire connecting the contact, the brake advance notice display means, and the power supply.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the fifth aspect, the plurality of contacts are configured to be operated by gradually energizing a brake warning indicator lamp serving as a brake warning indicator. Is the gist.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the second aspect, the speed reduction ratio detector is mounted on a vehicle and houses the inertial force sensing object, and an inner surface of the housing case has an inertia. A strain sensor coupled between the strain sensor and a force sensing object, wherein when the inertial force sensing object receives an inertial force during deceleration, an operation signal is output from the strain sensor to braking warning display means. The gist is that it has been done.

The invention described in claim 8 is the third or seventh invention.
In the above, it is preferable that the storage case includes a posture control unit that automatically controls a posture to a normal position regardless of a traveling posture of the vehicle.

According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, in the ninth aspect, the attitude control means includes: a liquid storage tank mounted on the vehicle; A rotation support mechanism rotatably supporting in the front-rear direction about a horizontal axis orthogonal to the rotation support mechanism; and a weight balance around the horizontal axis in the atmosphere, being connected to the rotation support mechanism so as to be synchronously rotatable. The weight of the liquid and the float are mounted so as to hold the liquid, the height of the liquid surface of the liquid is an intermediate height position of the float so that the upper part of the float projects upward from the liquid surface, In the liquid, both the float side and the weight side located below the float side with respect to the horizontal axis line have balanced buoyancy (U
34, U33), so that the storage case is held at a normal position regardless of the running posture of the vehicle.

According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, in accordance with the eighth aspect, the attitude control means includes a liquid storage tank mounted on the vehicle, and the storage case in the liquid storage tank being moved in a traveling direction of the vehicle. A rotation support mechanism that supports the main body so as to be rotatable in the front-rear direction around a horizontal axis perpendicular to the axis, and a weight as an inertial force sensing object that is connected downward through a strain sensor in the housing case. In the atmosphere, a value obtained by multiplying the weight of the center of gravity of the housing case above the horizontal axis and the members housed therein by the distance from the horizontal axis to the center of gravity, and the housing case below the horizontal axis and its The value obtained by multiplying the weight of the center of gravity of the member accommodated therein by the distance from the horizontal axis to the center of gravity is set to be equal, and the height of the liquid level of the liquid is above the accommodation case. Is at an intermediate height position of the storage case so as to protrude upward from the liquid surface, and both the upper part and the lower part of the storage case receive balanced buoyancy in the liquid with respect to the horizontal axis. The gist of the present invention is that the storage case is held vertically regardless of the running posture of the vehicle.

According to an eleventh aspect of the present invention, in accordance with the third or seventh aspect, an accelerator pedal depression amount detecting mechanism is provided in conjunction with an acceleration / deceleration mechanism for increasing / decreasing the traveling speed of the vehicle, and the accelerator pedal is depressed. The gist of the invention is that the amount detection mechanism is configured to output an operation signal to the braking notice display means when the depression amount of the accelerator pedal constituting the acceleration / deceleration mechanism decreases.

According to a twelfth aspect of the present invention, in accordance with the second aspect, the speed reduction ratio detector is configured to be rotatable back and forth in the traveling direction of the vehicle in the liquid storage tank mounted on the vehicle. , A weight as an inertial force sensing object rotatably supported in the float in the front-rear direction, a rear wall surface of the float and the weight or a connecting rod supporting the weight. And a pressure sensor interposed between the front wall surface of the float and the weight or a connecting rod supporting the weight, wherein the pressure sensor is provided when the vehicle is in a decelerating state. The gist is that it is configured to output an operation signal at the time.

According to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention, in the twelfth aspect, the float posture control includes: a pressing force received by the float in the liquid during deceleration or acceleration of the vehicle in the liquid storage tank; The gist is that the horizontal and forward component forces of the inertia force acting on the float and the inertia force acting on the float are canceled to hold the float in the vertical direction.

According to a fourteenth aspect of the present invention, in the twelfth or thirteenth aspect, the float is supported so as to be rotatable in the left-right direction of the vehicle. According to a fifteenth aspect of the present invention, in the fourteenth aspect, the liquid storage tank and the float are each formed in a cylindrical shape and arranged concentrically.

According to a sixteenth aspect of the present invention, in the second aspect, the speed reduction ratio detector is mounted on a vehicle and supported so as to be rotatable back and forth with respect to the traveling direction of the vehicle. And a weight as an inertial force sensing object supported rotatably back and forth with respect to the traveling direction of the vehicle, and is interposed between a rear wall surface of the box and the weight or a connecting rod supporting the weight. A stopper, a pressure sensor interposed between the front wall surface of the box and the weight or a connecting rod supporting the weight, and a weight for attitude control mounted at a lower portion of the box. The gist is that the pressure sensor is configured to output an operation signal when the vehicle is in a deceleration state.

According to a seventeenth aspect of the present invention, in the second aspect, the speed reduction ratio detector includes a liquid storage tank mounted on the vehicle, and a horizontal axis line extending back and forth in the traveling direction of the vehicle in the liquid storage tank. A float and a pressure receiving plate that are rotatably supported around, and whose outer peripheral edge is close to the inner peripheral surface of the liquid storage tank, and a weight for attitude control provided on the pressure receiving plate in the liquid storage tank, A liquid pressure level detecting element provided at a boundary portion between the pressure receiving plate and the float, and a liquid level of the liquid is set at an intermediate height position of the float such that an upper portion of the float projects upward from the liquid level. In the liquid, both the float side and the pressure receiving plate located below the float side with respect to the horizontal axis are set to receive balanced buoyancy.

According to an eighteenth aspect of the present invention, in accordance with the second aspect, the speed reduction ratio detector is capable of rotating back and forth with respect to a liquid storage tank mounted on the vehicle with respect to a traveling direction of the vehicle in the liquid storage tank. A float supported by the float, a weight as an inertial force sensing object supported in the float, and a speed reduction ratio detecting element disposed in the float, wherein the speed reduction ratio detecting element is in a vehicle deceleration state. In this case, it is configured to output an operation signal.

According to a nineteenth aspect of the present invention, in the second aspect, the speed reduction ratio detector includes: a rotating body which is rotated at a predetermined position of the vehicle in synchronization with a rotating motion of the prime mover; And a sensor that outputs a deceleration signal by sensing a change in the inertial force of the inertial force sensing object that is supported so as to be freely rotatable in a predetermined angle range in the rotation direction. Make a summary.

According to a twentieth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a reduction ratio detector for use in a braking warning device for a vehicle traveling rearward in a vehicle according to the second aspect, wherein the reduction ratio detector detects a change in attitude of the vehicle. Even in this case, the gist is to include a posture control means for controlling the reduction ratio detecting element to an appropriate posture.

According to a twenty-first aspect of the present invention, in the twentieth aspect, the attitude control means includes a liquid storage tank mounted on the vehicle and a rotatable front and rear direction in the liquid storage tank with respect to a traveling direction of the vehicle. The gist is constituted by a supported float and a weight as an inertial force sensing object supported in the float, and a speed reduction ratio detecting element is disposed in the float.

[0029]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS (First Embodiment) A reduction ratio detector 11 shown in FIG. 1 is fixed to a part of a body frame of an automobile, and detects a deceleration state, that is, a reduction ratio, while the automobile is running. It is configured to be able to. A liquid storage tank 12 for storing a liquid W such as water is composed of a main body case 13 having a closed rectangular tube shape with an open lower end, and a bottom plate 14 for closing the lower end opening of the main body case 13. A liquid W inlet 15 is provided in the cover plate of the main body case 13 and is closed by a cap 16.

As shown in FIG. 2, a pair of left and right bearings 17, 17 are formed on the inner wall surface of the main body case 13, and an outer case 18 is provided on both bearings 17, 17 with a pair of left and right support shafts 1.
9 and 19 rotatably supported. As shown in FIG. 3, an inner case 20 made of glass is accommodated in the outer case 18. In the inner case 20, a mercury bulb 2 serving as an inertial force sensing object and a reduction ratio detecting element is provided.
1 is housed. The bottom surface of the inner case 20 is an inclined bottom surface 20a constituting a holding means.
When the traveling vehicle decelerates rapidly, the mercury sphere 21 rises against the sloping bottom surface 20a against the gravity due to inertia force, and the lowermost portion of the sloping bottom surface 20a when the traveling vehicle suddenly decelerates. The position is moved from the non-sensing position P1 to the uppermost position of the inclined bottom surface 20a, that is, the sensing position P2.

As shown in FIG. 4, a contact 22 is disposed on the inclined bottom surface 20a of the inner case 20 so as to always contact the mercury bulb 21 located at the non-sensing position P1 and at the center. . Further, a plurality of contacts 23 to 27 are arranged on both left and right sides of the contact 22 in parallel with each other and such that the distal end position gradually moves away from the non-sensing position P1. The contacts 22 to 27 pass through the inner case 20 and are led out, and each of the contacts 22 to 27 has a plurality of lead wires 28 a and 28 b to penetrate the outer case 18.
By 28b, it is led into the liquid storage tank 12. further,
The liquid storage tank 12 is connected to a plurality of terminals 30 to 30 provided in the terminal 29 through the cover plate of the main body case 13.

As shown in FIG. 4, lead wires 28a and 28b to 28b are connected to the terminals 30 to 30, respectively. The lead wire 28 a connected to the contact 22 is connected to the positive terminal of the power supply 35. The contact 23
The lead wires 28b to 28b connected to the brake warning display lamps 37 constitute the brake warning display means 37.
7a, 37b, 37c, 37d, and 37e. The other terminals of the brake warning display lamps 37a to 37e are connected to the minus terminal of the power supply 35 by a lead wire 28c.

In the first embodiment, the contacts 22,
23 to 27, lead wires 28a, 28b to 28b, 28
The operation signal output means K1 is constituted by c, the terminal 29, the terminals 30 to 30, the power supply 35, and the like.

Next, a description will be given of a posture control means K2 for always keeping the posture of the outer case 18 accommodating the inner case 20 horizontal regardless of the running posture of the automobile. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a weight 33 is connected to the lower surface of the outer case 18 via a connecting rod 31. A float 34 is connected to the upper surface of the outer case 18 via a connecting rod 32. The outer case 1
The distance L1 from the center O as the horizontal axis of the supporting shafts 19 and 19 to the center of gravity G1 of the weight 33 and the distance L2 from the center O to the center of gravity G2 of the float 34 are set to have a relationship of L2> L1. Have been.

The weight M1 of the weight 33 is equal to the float 3
4 is larger than the weight M2, and is set in a relationship of M1> M2. Further, in the atmosphere, L1 × M1 = L
The equation 2 × M2 is established. That is, in the atmosphere, both the upper float 34 side and the lower weight 33 side from the center O of the support shaft 19 are weight-balanced with the center O of the support shaft 19 as a fulcrum. As a result, both the upper and lower floats 34 and the weight 33 with the center O of the support shaft 19 as a boundary cancel each other out of the influence of the inertial force exerted by the acceleration and deceleration of the vehicle, and the position at an arbitrary angle as long as no external force acts. And does not rotate.

The volume V1 of the weight 33 is smaller than the volume V2 of the float 34, and the relationship V2> V1 is set. The height of the liquid surface S of the liquid W is equal to that of the float 3.
Float 3 so that the upper part of 4 projects upward from liquid level S
4, the buoyancy U34 on the float 34 side and the buoyancy U33 on the weight 33 side below the float 34 are set to be balanced with the center O as a boundary in the liquid W. .

Therefore, as shown in FIGS.
3 is immersed in the liquid W, and the lower part of the float 34 is
In the state of having entered the inside, the buoyancy U33 of the weight 33 and the buoyancy U34 of the float 34 are balanced, and the weight 33 is held down and the float 34 is held up. When the vehicle tilts back and forth, the liquid storage tank 12 tilts accordingly, and the liquid surface S of the liquid W naturally maintains a horizontal state. For this reason, the immersion volume of the float 34 protruding from the liquid surface S changes in a direction to increase, and the balance between the buoyancy forces U33 and U34 tends to be lost. Float 3 to correct this buoyancy imbalance
4 is displaced to a position orthogonal to the liquid surface S of the liquid W, and the attitude of the float 34 is always maintained in the vertical direction. Therefore, the inner case 20 is held at a normal position where the mercury bulb 21 properly senses the inertial force.

In the first embodiment, the inner case 20 is formed by the bearing 17, the outer case 18 and the support shafts 19,19.
A rotation support mechanism K3 that rotatably supports is provided. Further, the liquid W storage tank 12, the rotation support mechanism K3,
The posture control means K2 is constituted by the connecting rods 31, 32, the weight 33, the float 34 and the like.

As shown in FIG. 5, braking indicator lamps 36, 36 are provided on the left and right sides of the rear surface of the motor vehicle, and a plurality of braking indicator lamps 37a to 37b are provided above the rear window glass. 37e is provided.

Next, the operation of the above-configured braking warning device based on the detection of deceleration of a vehicle traveling behind a vehicle will be described. When a car avoids danger or stops, it requires slowing down and braking. At this time, the driver loosens the depression of the accelerator pedal, releases the right foot from the accelerator pedal, and transfers the right foot to the brake pedal. During the operation of loosening the accelerator pedal and the process of releasing the right foot placed on the accelerator pedal, the amount of depression of the accelerator pedal decreases, so that the vehicle is decelerated from the normal traveling speed. Due to this deceleration, the mercury bulb 21 accommodated in the inner case 20 of the reduction ratio detector 11 receives an inertial force.
For this reason, the mercury bulb 21 is moved from the non-sensing position P1 shown in FIG. 3 to the sensing position P2, and the contact 2 shown in FIG.
2 and the contacts 23 to 27 are sequentially contacted. Therefore, the power supply 35 and the brake warning display lamps 37a to 37e
1. Connected via the lead wires 28a, 28b to 28b, 28c, and the brake notice lamps 37a to 37e are sequentially turned on. Depending on the degree of deceleration of this car, mercury bulb 21
The amount of movement differs, and when the vehicle is suddenly decelerated, a large inertial force acts on the mercury bulb 21, so that all of the contacts 23 to 27 and the contact 22 are contacted in a stepwise manner, and the braking notice display lamps 37a to 37e are stepped. Lights up quickly.

In this manner, the brake warning display lamp 37a
When 37e is illuminated, it can be predicted that the following vehicle will be in a decelerating state, and then the brake pedal will be depressed to shift to a braking operation, thereby avoiding a rear-end collision.

It is to be noted that the brake notice lamps 37a to 37e are provided.
When the brake pedal is depressed and braking is actually applied after is lit, the braking indicator lamps 36 and 36 are lit,
The vehicle is further decelerated and slowed down or stopped. Thereafter, if the stop is continued or the speed becomes constant, the speed reduction ratio of the vehicle is reduced again, and the mercury bulb 21 shown in FIG. 3 returns from the sensing position P2 to the non-sensing position P1, and the brake notice lamps 37a to 37e. Is turned off.

On the other hand, when the vehicle is traveling on an uphill or downhill, the liquid storage tank 12 of the reduction ratio detector 11 is tilted together with the vehicle body frame. At this time, the inner case 20 is rotated by the rotation support mechanism K3.
The inner case 20 is rotatably supported by
The weight 33 and the float 34, which are always oriented in the vertical direction in the liquid W, maintain their posture at a substantially predetermined position without swinging. For this reason, when the accelerator pedal is depressed or released on a slope, the reduction ratio of the vehicle can be properly detected, and the braking notice can be properly displayed.

Next, the effects of the braking warning device based on the detection of deceleration of the vehicle running backward in the automobile configured as described above will be listed together with the configuration. (1) In the first embodiment, for example, when the depression of the accelerator pedal is loosened or the vehicle is decelerated after the accelerator pedal is released, the mercury sphere as an object that senses the inertial force according to the speed reduction ratio 21 is accommodated in the inner case 20, and the mercury bulb 21 is placed along the inclined bottom surface 20 a of the inner case 20.
Is moved, the braking notice display lamp 3 is gradually increased.
7a to 37e are turned on. For this reason, the deceleration state of the vehicle can be detected in a stepwise manner, and the braking warning display can be performed in a stepwise manner, so that the following vehicle can be prevented from colliding. The continuous collision that is likely to occur due to the delay of the braking notice on the highway with the deteriorated road surface can be reduced by the present device.

(2) In the first embodiment, the inner case 20 is configured to be held in a proper posture by the posture control means K2 regardless of the inclination of the vehicle. For this reason, it is possible to always properly detect the reduction gear ratio of the vehicle and to accurately perform the braking notice.

(3) In the first embodiment, the distances L1, L2 from the center O of the support shaft 19 to the centers of gravity G1, G2 of the weight 33 and the float 34, and the weights M1, M of the centers of gravity G1, G2.
The equation L1 × M1 = L2 × M2 is established between the two. For this reason, both the upper and lower floats 34 and the weight 33 with the center O of the support shaft 19 as a boundary cancel out the influence of the inertial force received by the acceleration and deceleration of the vehicle, and the outer case 18 is always in the horizontal direction in the liquid W. Held by the mercury bulb 21
Can improve detection accuracy.

Since the weight 33 and the float 34 are liable to slightly shake during low-speed running on a rough road or at the time of rapid acceleration / deceleration, a method for preventing this and obtaining vertical holding by smooth movement is described as follows. It is desirable to attach a resistance plate such as a shielding film (not shown) that suppresses the vehicle from moving in the front-rear horizontal direction. Another measure is to increase the viscosity of the liquid W. (Second Embodiment) Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In each of the embodiments described below, the same members as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, description thereof will be omitted, and different configurations will be described.

In the second embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7, a housing case 41, which also functions as a float, is attached to the main body case 13 via a rotation support mechanism K3 so as to be tiltable in the front-rear direction. . A weight 42 as an inertial force sensing object is connected to the housing case 41 via a connecting rod 43 and a strain sensor 44 as a reduction ratio detecting element. The strain sensor 44 as an operation signal output means K1
Is connected to the terminal 30 of the terminal 29 through the sealing guide tube 45.

The vertical state of the housing case 41 is controlled by the attitude control means K2 as in the first embodiment. That is, for the weight M2 of the center of gravity G2 of the storage case 41 and the strain sensor 44 above the center O of the support shaft 19 of the storage case 41 in which the strain sensor 44 and the connecting rod 43 are incorporated, the distance L2 from the center O to the center of gravity G2 is determined. Multiplied by the weight M1 of the center of gravity G1 of the storage case 41 and the weight 42 below the center O of the support shaft 19 and the center of gravity G1 from the center O
Are set so that the value obtained by multiplying the distance L1 is equal. Then, in the atmosphere, the accommodation case 41 balances the weight with the center O of the support shaft 19 as a fulcrum.

The height of the liquid surface S of the liquid W is set at an intermediate height position of the storage case 41 so that the upper part of the storage case 41 projects upward from the liquid surface S. The buoyancy U41a of the storage case 41 positioned above the center O and the buoyancy U41b of the storage case 41 positioned below the center O are set to be balanced. Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the weight 42 is located below the center O, and the upper part of the storage case 41 is
In the state in which the buoyancy U41a and U41b of the upper and lower parts are balanced below the center O of the storage case 41 below the liquid level S of the liquid W, the storage case 41 is held vertically. When the vehicle tilts back and forth, the liquid storage tank 12 tilts accordingly, and the liquid surface S of the liquid W naturally maintains a horizontal state. For this reason, the immersion volume of the upper part of the storage case 41 protruding from the liquid surface S changes in a direction to increase, and the balance between the buoyancy forces U41a and U41b tends to be lost. In order to correct this imbalance of buoyancy, the storage case 41
Is displaced to a position orthogonal to the liquid surface S of the liquid W, and the attitude of the storage case 41 is always maintained in the vertical direction.

In the second embodiment, during the deceleration of the vehicle, the weight 42 receives an inertial force and tries to rotate counterclockwise around the distortion sensor 44 in FIG. For this reason, the distortion sensor 44 detects the distortion according to the degree of the deceleration, and an electric signal is output to the braking notice display means 37 via the lead wire 28 according to the degree of the distortion, so that the subsequent collision of the vehicle is avoided. . The degree of the distortion is indicated by the strength of the electric signal, and the above-mentioned braking notice display lamps 37a to 37e are turned on stepwise by this signal.

When the vehicle inclines back and forth on a slope or the like, the body case 13 inclines, but the weight 42 and the storage case 41 which also serves as a float function are operated by the weight 42.
And the strain sensor 44 is maintained in a vertical state together with the storage case 41. Therefore, regardless of the driving posture of the car,
The speed reduction ratio can be properly detected, and the braking notice can be properly displayed.

In the above-described second embodiment, the weight sensor 42 attempts to operate the strain sensor 44 by inertia even when the vehicle is accelerating. This is because the weight of the inner wall surface of the housing case 41 and the side surface of the weight 42 are different. The inactive state may be provided with a spacer (not shown) interposed therebetween. Instead, a circuit for invalidating the detection signal of the strain sensor 44 during acceleration may be incorporated in the control circuit. (Third Embodiment) Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
It will be described based on.

In the third embodiment, in addition to the reduction ratio detector 11 of the first or second embodiment, an acceleration / deceleration mechanism K mounted on a frame 46 constituting a driver's seat of an automobile is provided.
A different accelerator pedal depression amount detection mechanism K5
Is used together. That is, a lever 47 is provided on the frame 46 so as to be tiltable, and one end of a connecting rod 48 is connected to the lever 47 by a connecting pin 49.
An accelerator pedal 51 is provided corresponding to the roller 50 provided at the other end of the lever 47. Also, the frame 4
A proximity switch 52 is attached to 6 near the end of the connecting rod 48, and an operation piece 53 is attached to the end of the connecting rod 48 so as to correspond to the proximity switch 52.

Accordingly, when the speed of the vehicle is increased by increasing the depression amount of the accelerator pedal 51, the operating piece 53 is separated from the proximity switch 52, so that no operation signal is output from the proximity switch 52. Accelerator pedal 51
Is released, the operation piece 53 approaches the proximity switch 52,
An operation signal is output from the proximity switch 52, and accordingly, the brake warning display lamps 37a to 37e are sequentially turned on.

In the third embodiment, when the accelerator pedal 51 is depressed to zero or the foot is released, a sensor (not shown) senses this and the timer is operated for a predetermined time, thereby displaying the brake advance notice. Lamp 37a ~
37e is illuminated for a predetermined time, and after the timer expires, a new accelerator pedal 5 is reset by a reset circuit.
The configuration is such that the proximity switch 52 is not operated even if the user depresses 1. In other words, the accelerator pedal 5
The detection signal of the proximity switch 52 is effectively operated only in the process of releasing the "1".

In the third embodiment, the driver releases the accelerator pedal 51 at the moment when the driver anticipates the necessity of braking during driving, and can generate an operation signal immediately before the vehicle decelerates. Can be output in combination with the reduction ratio detector 11 using the mercury sphere 21 or the reduction ratio detector using the strain sensor 44, so that a more accurate braking warning can be displayed. The reason will be described below.

When a warning is given by the signal obtained by the inertial force, when the driving speed of the driving wheels is increased by one step as compared with a normal drive such as overtopping or overdriving, or when the load on a truck or the like is large, On the other hand, under conditions where rapid deceleration is difficult, such as on a downhill, even if the accelerator pedal 51 is completely released, large deceleration does not occur. For this reason, it may be difficult to generate a signal due to the inertia force accompanying deceleration, but at this time, it is possible to easily transmit the braking notice signal by using the signal of the accelerator pedal 51 whose depression is completely loosened. It becomes possible.

On the other hand, when the braking is notified by a signal based on the movement of the accelerator pedal 51, deceleration is performed in a state where the accelerator pedal 51 is largely decelerated even if the accelerator pedal 51 is slightly loosened in anticipation of braking on an uphill or at a high speed. However, since the accelerator pedal 51 is not completely loosened despite the fact that is large, the proximity switch 52 does not operate and does not transmit a braking notice signal. However, at this time, since the inertia force accompanying the deceleration acts greatly, a braking notice signal can be easily generated by using a signal from the reduction ratio detector by the reduction ratio detector 11 or the distortion sensor 44. Fourth Embodiment As shown in FIG. 9, in a fourth embodiment, a fixing ring 71 is housed inside a main body case 13,
A movable ring 73 is provided inside the plurality of rotating rollers 72 provided on the fixed ring 71. The weight 33 and the float 34 are attached to the movable ring 73. In the fourth embodiment, only the configuration of the rotation support mechanism K3 is different, and the other configuration is the same as that of the above-described first embodiment. (Fifth Embodiment) In a fifth embodiment shown in FIG. 10, the rotating roller 72 of the fixed ring 71 shown in FIG. 9 is omitted, and the movable ring 73 can be slidably guided on the inner peripheral surface of the fixed ring 71. It is the one that was attached. In the fifth embodiment, only the configuration of the rotation support mechanism K3 is different, and the other configuration is the same as that of the above-described first embodiment. (Sixth Embodiment) In a sixth embodiment shown in FIG. 11, the brake display lamps 36, 36 provided at the rear of the automobile are used also as brake warning display lamps. That is, the brake display lamps 36, 36 are provided with a plurality of brake advance display lamps 36a.
36d, and are sequentially lit from the braking warning display lamp 36a at the center toward the outside.
Then, the braking state is displayed in a state where all the braking notice display lamps 36a to 36d are turned on by operation signals from the reduction ratio detector 11 and the depression amount detecting mechanism K5 of the accelerator pedal 51.

In the sixth embodiment, the braking indicator lamp 3
Since the parts 6, 36 also serve as the braking notice display means, the number of parts can be reduced, and the manufacture and assembly can be easily performed. (Seventh Embodiment) In a seventh embodiment shown in FIG. 12, the braking notice display means is configured to be continuously lit from the center to the left and right sides in accordance with the reduction ratio. This seventh
In the embodiment, a horizontally long braking indicator lamp, which is currently generally installed in a commercial vehicle, is used to display the braking warning indicator 3.
7 can also be used. Also, intermittent lighting may be performed instead of continuous lighting. (Eighth Embodiment) An eighth embodiment shown in FIG. 13 is a braking warning display lamp 37a on each of the left and right sides of the rear of the vehicle.
To 37f, which are lit and displayed in a plurality of stages. (Ninth Embodiment) In the ninth embodiment shown in FIG. 14, the signal at the moment when the vehicle is decelerated in anticipation of the braking by finding an obstacle is 20 to 30% of the central portion of the braking warning display lamps 37a to 37e.
The first light 37g, which is a small light emitting portion, emits light by the operation signal output from the operation signal output means K1. Then, the number of light emission is sequentially increased outward in the left-right direction in proportion to the deceleration, and if the detected value of the reduction ratio becomes maximum, 70 to 80
%, And all the lamps are turned on together with the left and right brake display lamps 36, 36 when the brake pedal is depressed. In the ninth embodiment, the light emission of the braking notice display lamp may be simply collective lighting instead of light emission proportional to deceleration. (Tenth Embodiment) The tenth embodiment shown in FIGS. 15 to 18 is the same as the attitude control means K2 of the first to ninth embodiments described above.
Is different.

First, FIG. 15 and FIG.
The principle of the embodiment will be described. As shown in FIG. 15, the float 3
A bearing 81 fixed to the ceiling wall of the liquid storage tank 12;
The projecting piece 82 attached to the upper part of the float 34 is
To be rotatable. In this state, the float 34 receives the buoyancy U34 and moves in any direction of the arrow A or the arrow B to float.

For this reason, as shown in FIG. 16, by inserting a heavy weight 42 into the lower part of the float 34, the float 34 stops the vehicle by the weight M42 of the weight 42 which exceeds the buoyancy U34 of the float 34. The buoyancy U34 is upward in the vertical direction while maintaining a state close to the vertical only during the constant velocity.

The liquid W in the liquid storage tank 12 does not necessarily need to be completely filled, but may be of such a degree that the float 34 is immersed as shown by a chain line in FIG. Next, a reduction ratio detector 11 to which the above-described principle is applied will be described with reference to FIGS.

As shown in FIG. 17A, the float 34
The weight 42 is fixed to the connecting rod 84 in the inside, suspended by a pin 86 to a bearing 85 above the float 34, and attached to be rotatable. A connecting rod 84 is provided by a pressure sensor 88 as a reduction ratio detecting element attached to the front wall surface 34a of the float 34 and a stopper 87 attached to the rear wall surface 34b.
Sandwich. The pressure sensor 88 requires connection of a flexible ultra-fine cord, but is omitted.

In this state, when the vehicle decelerates, the weight 42
Is large, the inertial force F42 acts greatly in the direction of the arrow B. On the other hand, the following phenomenon occurs in the float 34. At the moment when the vehicle is decelerated from the constant speed traveling, the float 34 vertically below is affected by the acceleration. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 17 (b), it is inclined from the vertical direction to the traveling direction F side.

Next, the pressing force F34 applied in the opposite direction to the float 34 by the liquid W in the liquid storage tank 12 will be described.
It is described below. In FIG. 17B, at the time of deceleration, the liquid W having a unit volume receives an inertial force Fw that tends to move in the traveling direction F side. Further, the combined force FGw of the gravity Gw and the inertial force Fw due to the weight of the liquid W is directed obliquely downward. At this time, since the float 34 is housed in the liquid W, the float 34 has the same force as the resultant force FGw and the buoyancy U3 in the opposite direction.
Receive 4 '. The horizontal component F3 of this buoyancy U34 '
4 "acts on the entire float 34, and the total force becomes the above-mentioned pressing force F34. Therefore, the float 34 receives the pressing force F34 in the counter-movement direction F, and the float 34 is applied to the float 34 in the direction of the arrow A according to the reduction ratio. However, since the inertial force F42 is larger than the pressing force F34, the float 34 is held in an inclined state as shown in FIG.

When the weight M42 of the weight 42 is adjusted and gradually reduced, the swing of the float 34 in the direction of the arrow B gradually decreases. This is because the balance between the pressing force F34 acting on the float 34 and the inertial force F42 acting on the weight 42 becomes closer. And FIG.
As shown in (a), when the two forces are balanced, the float 34 as a whole keeps a nearly vertical state and is not affected by deceleration. The above float 3
The behavior of No. 4 was confirmed by experiments.

In this state, when the vehicle enters a deceleration state,
A pressing force F34 in the direction of arrow A acts on the float 34, and an inertial force F42 in the direction of arrow B acts on the weight 42, so that the force applied to the weight 42 is applied to the pressure sensor 88 by the connecting rod. The distal end portion of the pressure sensor 88 is pressed via 84. Further, a pressing force F34 applied to the float 34 acts on the side wall of the float 34 on which the pressure sensor 88 is mounted. As a result, the pressure sensor 88 receives the inertial force F42 of the weight 42 and the pressing force F34 of the float 34 from the directions of arrows A and B.
Act to overlap.

The increase or decrease of the pressure detected by the pressure sensor 88 is replaced with the increase or decrease of the reduction ratio, and the braking is notified. When the vehicle is suddenly decelerated due to a brake operation or the like, a pressing force F34 acting on the float 34 in the direction of the arrow A is applied.
, The inertial force F4 acting on the weight 42 in the direction of the arrow B
2 wins and the entire float may swing slightly in the direction of arrow B, and the verticality is impaired. However,
Applying a larger pressure to the pressure sensor does not cause a problem in the function as the sensor.

Next, in the case of acceleration, the movement is completely opposite to that in the case of deceleration, which will be described with reference to FIG. When the vehicle is accelerated in the traveling direction F arrow, a pressing force F34 in the direction of arrow B acts on the float 34, and an inertial force F42 in the direction of arrow A acts on the weight 42. As a result, the inertia force F42 applied to the weight 42 acts on the stopper 87 via the connecting rod 84 at the tip of the stopper 87. The pressing force F34 applied to the float 34 is equal to the float 3 with the stopper 87 attached.
4 acts on the base end of the stopper 87 from the side wall. Therefore, the pressure sensor 88 on the opposite side is not pressurized at all, and does not detect the reduction ratio.

When the vehicle accelerates extremely, the float 3
4 against the pressing force F34 in the direction of arrow B acting on
In some cases, the float 34 as a whole swings slightly in the direction of the arrow A due to the inertial force F42 in the direction of the arrow A acting on the pressure sensor 8, but only the stopper 87 is pressed, and the pressure sensor 8
No pressure is applied to 8. Therefore, the detection signal of the reduction ratio is not transmitted.

As described above, while maintaining the float 34 almost vertically, the float 34 is rapidly decelerated and suddenly started.
The whole may swing slightly back and forth, and impair verticality. The reason for this is that the float 34 and the weight 4
In the weight adjustment of the weight 42 performed to balance the pressing force F34 and the inertial force F42 acting on the respective components 2, a slight weight addition is performed so as to exceed the equilibrium state, especially in the case of sudden acceleration / deceleration. This is to maintain a stable vertical state during normal running. Thus, there is no problem in detecting the reduction ratio.

As is apparent from the above description, in the tenth embodiment, the front wall surface 34a or the front wall surface 34a of the float 34 generated in the liquid storage tank 12 based on the pressure fluctuation of the liquid W when the vehicle decelerates or accelerates. The pressing force F34 acting on the rear wall surface 34b, the weight 42 and the float 3
The horizontal and front component forces in the horizontal direction and the inertial force F42 acting on the fourth member 4 are offset, so that the float 34 is held in the vertical direction.

As a method for increasing the speed reduction ratio detection sensitivity, the length from the pin 86 to the weight 42 and the length from the pin 86 to the position where the pressure sensor 88 and the stopper 87 sandwich the connecting rod 84 are adjusted. , The inertial force F42 and the pressing force F34 applied to the pressure sensor 88 can be increased based on the principle of leverage.

As described above, the inertia force F4 of the weight 42 is
As a method of balancing the forces of both the pressing force F34 of the float 34 and the float 34, the weight of the weight 42 is adjusted.
The pressing force F34 acting on the float 34 is changed to the liquid level S of the liquid W.
It is also possible to adjust the height of the float 34 or the weight of the float 34 itself.

In the tenth embodiment, the pressure sensor 88
In addition to the fact that the force from both the front and rear directions is superimposed and doubled, the weight of the weight 42 is close to the displacement of the liquid of the float 34, so that the heavy weight 42 can be used. The increase in the weight increases the inertial force F42 and improves the reduction ratio detection sensitivity. In this way, the reduction ratio detection sensitivity is improved, and the reduction ratio can be reduced even when the reduction ratio is small, for example, downhill, slight deceleration on a highway, or overloading while driving in overdrive. I can accurately detect it. In addition, the improvement of the reduction ratio detection sensitivity allows the device to be downsized.

Therefore, the speed reduction ratio detector of the tenth embodiment is much more excellent in vertical holding accuracy, speed reduction ratio detection accuracy, downsizing of the apparatus, and the like than many other embodiments. It is most suitable as the target reduction ratio detector. (Eleventh Embodiment) The eleventh embodiment shown in FIG. 19 is different from the configuration of the tenth embodiment in that the left and right inclination of the vehicle is considered. In order to maintain the float 34 in the vertical direction, the response to the forward and backward inclination of the vehicle is as described in the tenth embodiment. If it is necessary to cope with the left and right inclination, as shown in the side sectional view from the front and rear direction in FIG.
The mounting direction of the bearing 81 on the upper part of the liquid storage tank 12 is changed from the front-rear direction of the vehicle to the left-right direction, and the joint 89 is connected between the bearing 81 and the projecting piece 82 on the upper part of the float 34 by a pin 83.
The float 34 can swing in the left and right arrow directions R and L by being rotatably assembled at 90, and keeps a state close to the vertical direction due to the influence of the force in the outer peripheral direction when the vehicle is traveling on a curve and the inclination of the vehicle. be able to.

In this case, the float 34 and the liquid storage tank 1
The shape of No. 2 is not limited to a square cylinder, and may be arranged cylindrically and concentrically. Rather, the cylindrical shape allows the pressure acting on the float 34 during acceleration / deceleration to be better balanced in all directions, 34 can be improved in vertical holding accuracy. (Twelfth Embodiment) A twelfth embodiment shown in FIGS. 20 and 21 is constructed according to substantially the same principle as that of the above-described tenth embodiment, except for the weight 42 and the float 3.
4, where the bearing 81 and the like are mounted upside down. Therefore, the configuration, operation, and effects are substantially the same as in the tenth embodiment. (Thirteenth Embodiment) In a thirteenth embodiment shown in FIGS. 22 and 23, a support shaft 19 is provided in the upper and lower middle portions of a rectangular box 34A corresponding to the float 34 in the atmosphere. Is rotatably supported on the vehicle body frame 91. A weight 92 is fixed to the lower portion of the box 34A.
Inside the box 34A, similarly to the twelfth embodiment, the weight 42 for detecting the inertia force F42 due to acceleration / deceleration is fixed to the connecting rod 84 at the upper part, and the lower end of the connecting rod 84 is
It is rotatably mounted by a bearing 85 and a pin 86 on the bottom surface of the 4A. Further, a swing regulating plate 9 is provided on the lower end surface of the weight 92.
4 is attached downward, and the rocking control plate 94 enters the liquid W in the liquid storage tank 93 installed on the vehicle body side. The inertial forces F42, F92 of the weights 42, 92 and the swing regulating plate 9
No. 4 utilizes the resistance in the liquid W.

In order to keep the box 34A nearly vertical, the weight at the lower part of the weight 92 is set larger than the weight at the upper part with respect to the support shaft 19. When the vehicle is decelerated in the traveling direction F in this state, the lower part of the weight 34 causes the lower part of the box 34A to swing in the direction of the arrow E due to the inertial force F92, and naturally the upper part swings in the direction of the arrow A. At this time, the inertia force F42 acts on the upper weight 42 in the direction of the arrow B, so that an operation close to the operation of the twelfth embodiment described above can be performed, and the reduction ratio can be detected.

The swing restricting plate 94 suppresses the movement of the box 34A moving quickly back and forth, and a smooth resistance is applied by the liquid W or the like. By reducing the difference between the upper and lower weights with respect to the support shaft 19 and adjusting the weight of the weight 42 until just before the upper and lower weights are balanced, the speed of the run-out is suppressed.

The above weight balance is adjusted by changing the weight of the upper weight 42, changing the vertical position of the support shaft 19 (fulcrum), and changing the weight of the lower weight 9.
It is also possible to satisfy the condition as a speed reduction ratio detector by adjusting the weight change and the like of 2. However, on the whole, it seems that the method using the float and the weight in the liquid is the most suitable as the reduction ratio detector.

The thirteenth embodiment can be simplified as an apparatus by placing the box 34A in the atmosphere instead of in a liquid. (Fourteenth Embodiment) A fourteenth embodiment shown in FIG. 24 and FIG.
It is arranged so as to be close to the inner peripheral wall surface. Pressure plate 31
A weight 33 is attached to A, and the upper float 34 side and the lower pressure receiving plate 31A are in a state of weight balance in the atmosphere with the support shaft 19 as a boundary. The upper and lower inner wall surfaces of the liquid storage tank 12 are floats 3 around a support shaft 19.
4 and the pressure receiving plate 31A are formed in an arc shape corresponding to the rotation trajectories of the upper and lower ends.

In the fourteenth embodiment, the height of the liquid surface S of the liquid W is at an intermediate height position of the float 34 so that the upper part of the float 34 projects upward from the liquid surface S. Within W, the buoyancy U34 on the float 34 side and the buoyancy U31A on the pressure receiving plate 31A side located below the center 34 are balanced with respect to the center O. At the time of deceleration or acceleration, the float 34 and the pressure receiving plate 31A are used.
Are held vertically. On the other hand, when the vehicle is inclined, the upper part of the float 34 is
Float 3
4 and the pressure receiving plate 31A are displaced in the vertical direction, and the outer case 18 is held horizontally.

In this embodiment, the number of parts can be reduced and the configuration can be simplified. Further, the liquid is moved from the gap due to the proximity between the float 34 and the pressure receiving plate 31A and the inner peripheral wall surface of the liquid storage tank 12, so that the vertical movement due to severe acceleration and deceleration can be suppressed, and the stable vertical holding can be performed. (Fifteenth Embodiment) A fifteenth embodiment shown in FIG. 26 is different from the structure shown in FIG. 16 in that the inner case 20, the mercury sphere 21 and the outer case 18 are arranged inside the float 34, and the float 34 It is to be held in. In this embodiment, instead of the mercury bulb 21, a strain sensor or a pressure sensor is provided between the float 34 and the weight 42, or a switch composed of a conductive sphere and a contact that is energized when the sphere comes into contact. May be used. Further, a switch that is operated by simply moving a heavy object may be used.

In the fifteenth embodiment, the attitude control means K
The configuration can be simplified by reducing the number of parts of the second. (Sixteenth Embodiment) A sixteenth embodiment shown in FIG. 27 is the one shown in FIG. 18A, in which the above-described measures for preventing the slight shake are taken. By attaching a shielding plate or the like to the side wall surface or the lower surface of the float 34, resistance is given in the direction of swinging, thereby suppressing the movement of the float 34. That is, the side wall surface of the liquid storage tank 12 and the side wall surface of the float 34 are brought close to each other to form a slight gap and to suppress the movement of the liquid W to a very small amount. In the lower part, an arc-shaped guide plate 12 a corresponding to the rotation locus of the lower edge of the float 34 in the front-rear direction is provided between the side walls of the liquid storage tank 12. The gap between the guide plate 12a and the lower part of the float 34 is increased so that the float 3
A plate-shaped adjustment valve 95 is rotatably supported by a shaft 96 at both front and rear corners of the lower end of the plate 4. A float 97 is supported by a support pin 98 on the adjusting valve 95, and the float 97 is always
Holds the adjustment valve 95 open to a predetermined position.

Therefore, in the sixteenth embodiment, the adjusting valve 95 is opened at the time of normal running, and the float 34 functions to be held vertically by smooth movement. However, during sudden sudden acceleration / deceleration, a larger force than usual acts on the entire float 34, and this force causes the float 34 itself to cause the adjusting valve 95 to perform a self-closing action corresponding to the magnitude of the acceleration / deceleration ratio. In addition, the swing in the front-back direction can be suppressed. (Seventeenth Embodiment) In a seventeenth embodiment shown in FIGS. 28 and 29, a fixed support shaft 101 is cantilevered by a bracket 100 fixed to a frame of an automobile. A horizontal cylindrical rotating drum 102 is supported on the fixed support shaft 101 at a predetermined position. A pulley 103 is fitted and fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the rotating drum 102, and is connected to a rotating shaft of the engine via a belt transmission mechanism (not shown).

The fixed support shaft 101 has a rotating drum 10
2, the inertial force sensing object 104 is supported so as to rotate freely. A pressure sensor 106 is mounted on a mount 105 welded to the inner peripheral surface of the rotary drum 102. Similarly, on the inner peripheral surface of the rotating drum 102, rotation angle regulating pieces 107, 108, 109 for regulating the rotation angle of the inertial force sensing object 104 on the rotating drum 102 are fixed by welding. These rotation angle regulating pieces 107-1
09 also serves as a balance weight function.

Two fixed contacts 110 are fitted and fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the fixed support shaft 101. A pair of movable contacts 111 are supported by the rotating drum 102 via a support member (not shown) corresponding to the fixed contacts 110, and the movable contacts 111 and the pressure sensor 106 are electrically connected by a lead wire 112. Have been. A lead wire 113 inserted into the fixed support shaft 101 is connected to the fixed contact 110.

Accordingly, the rotating drum 1 is driven by the rotational motion of the output shaft of the engine or the electric motor or the rotating body interlocked with the output shaft.
02 is rotated clockwise in FIG. 29, the inertial force sensing object 10 is
4 is rotated. When the rotating motion of the rotating drum 102 is a constant speed motion or an accelerating motion, the rotating drum 102 and the inertial force sensing object 104 rotate integrally. However, when the vehicle enters a deceleration state, the inertial force sensing object 104 presses the pressure sensor 106 by the inertial force, so that the deceleration state is detected,
A braking notice is given.

In the above embodiment, the fixed support shaft 10
1 is a rotation axis, and the inertia force sensing object 10 is
4 is supported so as to rotate counterclockwise in FIG.
The pulley 103 of the rotating drum 102 may be omitted, and the rotating drum 102 may be rotated by inertial force to press the pressure sensor 106 in a deceleration state.

The above embodiment can be modified and embodied as follows. -The pressure switch is not limited to the resistance wire strain type, and the type of each switch can be arbitrarily changed.

The positions of the stopper 87 and the pressure sensor 88 may be changed to positions corresponding to the weight 42. The detection signal may be a simple ON / OFF method depending on a continuous signal or a switch.

If the brake warning light is turned on at all times of deceleration, flashing may be repeated frequently even with slight deceleration.
In order to reduce this, it may be operated at a certain speed or higher. In this case, it is possible to avoid a frequent braking notice operation during a traffic jam.

The connecting rods 31, 32 and the weight 3
3. The shape of the float 34 may be changed to a spherical shape, a disk shape, a cylindrical shape, or the like. In the above embodiment, the inertial force of the mercury sphere 21 or the distortion of the distortion sensor 44 is used to convert them into electric signals. , Pressure change, and the like.

Hazard lamps currently mounted on commercially available vehicles may also be used as braking warning lights. In addition to the reduction ratio detector 11, in a hybrid car or an electric vehicle in which an engine such as gasoline is combined with an electric drive, a signal at the time of deceleration is extracted from the electric circuit or the like,
This may be used in combination so as to be used for displaying a brake notice.

In addition to the speed reduction ratio detector 11, a combination type may be used in which a hydraulic pressure and a mechanical change that change inside the transmission at the time of deceleration are taken out as signals and used for displaying a warning notice.

In an automobile equipped with the above-mentioned exhaust brake, in addition to the speed reduction ratio detector 11, a signal is taken out from an electric circuit or the like of a pilot lamp which is turned on when the exhaust brake is operated, and a combined type is used so as to be used for displaying a brake advance notice. It may be.

In addition to the speed reduction ratio detector 11, a combined use type may be used in which a change in suction pressure in the engine intake pipe during deceleration is detected and used for a braking warning display operation. In addition to the speed reduction ratio detector 11, a combination type that quantifies the speed change rate per unit time, extracts a signal obtained by calculating the accurate reduction ratio, and uses the signal for displaying the braking warning may be used.

The attitude control means K2 may be omitted. In this case, the inertial force sensing object is always held at the non-sensing position by the urging member, and when the vehicle is decelerated, the sensing object is moved to the sensing position against the urging force of the urging member. It can be considered.

In the above-described embodiment, the reduction ratio detector is formed by using the inertial force sensing object. May be configured to detect the rate of change of the brake signal and output a braking notice signal when the change rate reaches a set value. As a specific method, it is conceivable to detect the rotation speed of a prime mover such as the engine as a pulse number, electrically measure a decrease rate of the pulse number per unit time by a pulse detector, and output a deceleration signal. Can be

The technical ideas other than the claims grasped from the embodiment will be described below. (Technical idea 1) In claim 1, the reduction ratio detector 11 detects a change in the rotation speed of a prime mover such as an engine or a drive motor of an electric vehicle, detects a change rate of the rotation speed, and sets the change rate. A braking warning device for a vehicle traveling rearward in a vehicle configured to output a braking warning signal when the value becomes a value.

(Technical Thought 2) In Technical Thought 1, the reduction ratio detector 11 detects the number of revolutions of the prime mover as the number of pulses, and electrically measures the decrease rate of the number of pulses per unit time by the pulse detector. And a braking warning device for a vehicle traveling rearward in a vehicle configured to output a deceleration signal.

[0103]

As described above in detail, the invention of the device for predicting braking of a vehicle traveling backwards in a vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 18 notifies a subsequent vehicle of a braking warning display at an early stage to prevent a rear-end collision. Can be avoided.

According to the second and third aspects of the present invention, the reduction ratio can be properly detected by the inertial force sensing object. According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, since the inertial force sensing object is housed in the housing case having the inclined bottom surface, the structure can be simplified and the manufacturing can be easily performed.

According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, since the plurality of contacts are connected by the inertial force sensing object to output the operation signal, the structure of the operation signal output means can be simplified. According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, it is possible to give a step-by-step braking notice by a plurality of braking notice display lamps according to the degree of the reduction ratio.

According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, the operation signal is output from the distortion sensor by the inertial force sensing object according to the speed reduction ratio of the vehicle, so that the braking notice can be made continuously or stepwise.

According to the eighth aspect of the present invention, the attitude control means can always automatically control the attitude of the housing case accommodating the inertial force sensing object to a normal position regardless of the running attitude of the vehicle, and detect the reduction ratio. Can be performed properly.

According to the ninth and tenth aspects of the present invention, the posture control operation by the posture control means can be stably performed by housing the weight and the float in the liquid storage tank. According to the eleventh aspect of the present invention, the mechanism for detecting the depression amount of the accelerator pedal is used together, so that the braking notice operation can be performed more appropriately.

According to the twelfth aspect of the present invention, it is possible to improve the detection sensitivity of the reduction ratio by the reduction ratio detector. According to the thirteenth aspect, the control for holding the float in the vertical direction can be stably performed.

According to the invention, the detection sensitivity of the reduction ratio can be stabilized even when the vehicle is inclined in the left-right direction. According to the fifteenth aspect, the float can be stably held in the vertical direction even when the vehicle inclines in any direction.

According to the sixteenth aspect of the present invention, since the box is arranged in the atmosphere, the structure can be simplified and the manufacturing can be easily performed. According to the seventeenth aspect of the present invention, the pressure receiving plate can be stably held in the vertical direction, and the number of parts can be reduced to facilitate manufacture and assembly.

According to the eighteenth aspect, the structure of the reduction ratio detector can be simplified. According to the nineteenth aspect, the configuration of the reduction ratio detector can be simplified without using a liquid.

The invention of a reduction ratio detector according to claim 20 is as follows.
Even if the attitude of the vehicle changes, the reduction ratio detecting element can be controlled to an appropriate attitude. According to the twenty-first aspect, the configuration of the attitude control means can be simplified.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a reduction ratio detector showing a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a central part of FIG.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of a main part.

FIG. 4 is a horizontal sectional view of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a rear view showing the rear part of the automobile.

FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of a central portion of a speed reduction ratio detector according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a vertical sectional view of a central part of FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is a sectional view showing a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a rotation support mechanism according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a rotation support mechanism according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a rear view showing a braking warning indicator lamp according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a rear view showing a braking warning display lamp according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a rear view showing a braking warning display lamp according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a rear view showing a braking warning indicator lamp according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a longitudinal sectional view illustrating the principle of a tenth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 16 is a longitudinal sectional view illustrating the principle of the tenth embodiment.

17A and 17B are longitudinal sectional views of a speed reduction ratio detector according to a tenth embodiment.

FIGS. 18A and 18B are longitudinal sectional views of a reduction ratio detector according to a tenth embodiment.

FIG. 19 is a longitudinal sectional view of a reduction ratio detector according to an eleventh embodiment.

FIG. 20 is a longitudinal sectional view of a reduction ratio detector according to a twelfth embodiment.

FIG. 21 is a longitudinal sectional view of a reduction ratio detector according to a twelfth embodiment.

FIG. 22 is a longitudinal sectional view of a reduction ratio detector according to a thirteenth embodiment.

FIG. 23 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the center in FIG. 22.

FIG. 24 is a longitudinal sectional view of a reduction ratio detector according to a fourteenth embodiment.

FIG. 25 is a longitudinal sectional view of a central part of FIG. 24;

FIG. 26 is a longitudinal sectional view of a reduction ratio detector according to a fifteenth embodiment.

FIG. 27 is a longitudinal sectional view of a reduction ratio detector according to a sixteenth embodiment.

FIG. 28 is a longitudinal sectional view of a reduction ratio detector according to a seventeenth embodiment.

FIG. 29 is a front view of a speed reduction ratio detector according to a seventeenth embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

O: Center as horizontal axis, W: Liquid, K1: Operation signal output means, K2: Attitude control means, K3: Rotation support mechanism,
K4 ... Acceleration / deceleration mechanism, K5 ... Intrusion amount detection mechanism, M1, M2
... weight, P1 non-sensing position, P2 ... sensing position, 11 ... reduction ratio detector, 12 ... liquid storage tank, 20, 41 ... accommodation case, 20a ... inclined bottom surface as holding means, 21 ... inertia force sensing object and Mercury bulb as reduction ratio detecting element, 22-2
7 contact, 28 lead wire, 33, 92 weight, 34
... Float, 34A ... Box, 35 ... Power supply, 37 ... Brake notice display means, 37a-37e ... Brake notice display lamp, 42 ... Weight weight as an inertial force sensing object, 44 ... Strain sensor as a reduction ratio detecting element, 51 ... Accelerator pedal, 8
Reference numeral 4: connecting rod, 87: stopper, 88: pressure sensor as a reduction ratio detecting element, 101: fixed support shaft, 102: rotating drum, 104: inertial force sensing object, 106: pressure sensor, 107 to 109: rotation angle regulation Pieces.

Claims (21)

[Claims] A reduction ratio detector (11) mounted on a vehicle for detecting a deceleration state in the middle of traveling of the vehicle, that is, a reduction ratio, and outputting an operation signal when the reduction ratio reaches a set value. A braking advance notice display means (37) for displaying an advance notice of braking based on an operation signal output from the speed reduction ratio detector (11); 2. The vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the reduction ratio detector detects the inertial force received by the inertial force sensing object when the vehicle is decelerated. Notice device. 3. The inertial force sensing object (2) according to claim 2, wherein the reduction ratio detector (11) is mounted on a vehicle.
The housing case (20) for housing 1) and the inertial force sensing object (21) housed in the housing case (20) are held at the non-sensing position (P1) in a normal running state, and in a decelerating state. Holding means (20a) for holding the object to be moved to the sensing position (P2) by inertia force;
A device for notifying a vehicle traveling rearward of a vehicle having an operation signal output means (K1) for outputting an operation signal when 1) is moved to a sensing position (P2). 4. The storage case (20) according to claim 3, wherein the inertial force sensing object (21) has an inclined bottom surface (20a) as the holding means, which rises as it goes forward with respect to the traveling direction of the vehicle. In the normal running state, the inertial force sensing object (21) is held at the lowest position of the inclined bottom surface (20a), that is, at the non-sensing position (P1). A braking warning device for a vehicle traveling rearward in a vehicle configured to be moved to a sensing position (P2) that has moved diagonally upward along 20a). 5. The device according to claim 4, wherein the operation signal output means (K1) includes a sensing position (P) in the storage case (20).
The inertial force sensing object (2) having the conductivity moved to (2)
A plurality of contacts (22 to 27) configured to output an electric signal when energized by 1), a power supply (35) for driving a braking notice display means (37), and the contact (22);
27), braking notice display means (37) and power supply (35)
And a lead wire (28) for connecting the vehicle to the vehicle. 6. The system according to claim 5, wherein the plurality of contacts (22 to 27) are operated by energizing stepwise brake notice display lamps (37a to 37e) as brake notice display means (37). A warning device for a vehicle traveling rearward in a vehicle configured as described above. 7. The storage case (41) according to claim 2, wherein the reduction ratio detector (11) is mounted on a vehicle and stores the inertial force sensing object (42). A strain sensor (44) connected between an inner surface of the body and an inertial force sensing object (42), and when the inertial force sensing object (42) receives an inertial force during deceleration,
A braking advance notification device for a rearward traveling vehicle in a vehicle configured to output an operation signal from the strain sensor (44) to the braking advance display means (37). 8. A vehicle according to claim 3, wherein said housing case (20, 41) is provided with a posture control means (K2) for automatically controlling the posture to a normal position regardless of the traveling posture of the vehicle. Warning device for a rear-running vehicle in a vehicle. 9. The storage case according to claim 8, wherein the attitude control means (K2) includes: a liquid storage tank (12) mounted on a vehicle; and the storage case in the liquid storage tank (12). A rotation support mechanism (K3) for supporting the (20) in a forward and backward direction about a horizontal axis (O) orthogonal to the traveling direction of the vehicle; and a synchronous rotation with respect to the rotation support mechanism (K3). A weight (33) and a float (34) that are connected so as to be capable of maintaining a weight balance around the horizontal axis (O) in the atmosphere, and that the liquid (W) is a liquid. The height of the surface (S) is at an intermediate height position of the float (34) such that the upper part of the float (34) projects upward from the liquid surface (S), and the horizontal (S) is within the liquid (W). Float (34) side and its axis with respect to axis (O) Both sides of the weight (33) located below the vehicle are set to receive balanced buoyancy (U34, U33), so that the storage case (20) is held at a normal position regardless of the running posture of the vehicle. Device for predicting braking of a vehicle traveling behind the vehicle. 10. The storage case according to claim 8, wherein the attitude control means (K2) includes: a liquid storage tank (12) mounted on the vehicle; and the storage case in the liquid storage tank (12). A rotation support mechanism (K3) for supporting the (41) rotatably in the front-rear direction about a horizontal axis (O) orthogonal to the traveling direction of the vehicle, and a distortion sensor (44) in the storage case (41). A weight (42) as an inertial force sensing object connected downward through the housing, and in the atmosphere, a housing case (41) above the horizontal axis (O) and a member housed therein. The value obtained by multiplying the weight (M2) of the center of gravity (G2) of (44) by the distance (L2) from the horizontal axis (O) to the center of gravity (G2), and the storage case (41) below the horizontal axis (O) ) And members contained therein (42) Weight of center of gravity (G1) (M
The value obtained by multiplying 1) by the distance (L1) from the horizontal axis (O) to the center of gravity (G1) is set to be equal,
The height of the liquid surface (S) of the liquid (W) is an intermediate height position of the storage case (41) such that the upper part of the storage case (41) projects upward from the liquid surface (S), In the liquid (W), both the upper part and the lower part of the storage case (41) are set so as to receive balanced buoyancy (U41a, U41b) with the horizontal axis (O) as a boundary, and the vehicle travels. A braking warning device for a rearward traveling vehicle in a vehicle in which the storage case (41) is held in a vertical direction regardless of a posture. 11. The accelerator pedal depression amount detection mechanism (K5) according to claim 3 or 7, wherein the accelerator pedal depression amount detection mechanism (K5) is provided in conjunction with an acceleration / deceleration mechanism (K4) for increasing / decreasing the traveling speed of the vehicle. The detection mechanism (K5) is an accelerator pedal (51) constituting an acceleration / deceleration mechanism (K4).
When the depressed amount of the brake is reduced, the braking notice display means (3
(7) A device for notifying a vehicle traveling rearward of a vehicle configured to output an operation signal in (7). 12. The reduction ratio detector (11) according to claim 2, wherein the speed reduction ratio detector (11) is provided with a liquid storage tank (12) mounted on the vehicle, and rotates in the liquid storage tank (12) forward and backward with respect to the traveling direction of the vehicle. A float (34) movably supported; a weight (42) as an inertial force sensing object supported rotatably in the front-rear direction within the float (34); and a rear side of the float (34). A wall (34b) and the weight (42) or a connecting rod (84) supporting the weight (42)
A stopper (87) interposed between the weight (42), a front wall surface (34a) of the float (34) and the weight (42) or a connecting rod (84) supporting the weight (42).
And a pressure sensor (88) interposed between the vehicle and the vehicle, and the pressure sensor (88) is configured to output an operation signal when the vehicle is in a decelerating state. . 13. The pressure control of the float (34) in the liquid (W) in the liquid storage tank (12) during deceleration or acceleration of the vehicle in the liquid storage tank (12). (F34) and the weight (4
2) and inertia force (F42) acting on the float (34)
A braking warning device for a vehicle traveling rearward in a vehicle that is held so that the respective component forces in the horizontal forward and rearward directions are canceled to hold the float (34) in the vertical direction. 14. A braking warning device for a vehicle running rearward in a vehicle supported by a float (34) rotatably in the left-right direction of the vehicle according to claim 12 or 13. 15. The liquid storage tank according to claim 14,
2) and a float (34) are a braking warning device for a rearward traveling vehicle in a vehicle formed in a cylindrical shape and arranged concentrically. 16. The box (34A) according to claim 2, wherein the speed reduction ratio detector (11) is mounted on the vehicle and supported so as to be able to rotate back and forth in the traveling direction of the vehicle.
A weight (42) as an inertial force sensing object supported rotatably back and forth in the traveling direction of the vehicle in the box (34A); a rear wall surface (34b) of the box (34A); The weight (42) or the connecting rod (8) supporting the weight (42)
4), a stopper (87) interposed therebetween, a front wall surface (34a) of the box (34A) and the weight (42) or a connecting rod (8) supporting the weight (42).
4) a pressure sensor (88) interposed therebetween, and a weight (92) for attitude control mounted below the box (34A), wherein the pressure sensor (88) decelerates the vehicle. A braking warning device for a rearward traveling vehicle in a vehicle configured to output an operation signal when in a state. 17. The vehicle according to claim 2, wherein the speed reduction ratio detector (11) includes: a liquid storage tank (12) mounted on the vehicle; A float (34) and a pressure receiving plate (31A) supported rotatably about an axis (O) and having an outer peripheral edge approaching the inner peripheral surface of the liquid storage tank (12); ) In the pressure receiving plate (31)
A) a weight for attitude control (33) provided in A), and a reduction ratio detecting element (21, 44, 88) provided at a boundary between the pressure receiving plate (31A) and the float (34), The height of the liquid surface (S) of the liquid (W) is the same as that of the float (3).
4) at an intermediate height position of the float (34) such that the upper part of the liquid (W) projects upward from the liquid level (S),
In the vehicle, in which both the float (34) side and the pressure receiving plate (31A) located below the horizontal axis (O) are set to receive balanced buoyancy (U34, U31A). Warning device for braking the traveling vehicle. 18. The vehicle according to claim 2, wherein the speed reduction ratio detector (11) includes a liquid storage tank (12) mounted on the vehicle, and a back and forth rotation with respect to a traveling direction of the vehicle in the liquid storage tank (12). A float (34) movably supported, a weight (42) as an inertial force sensing object supported in the float (34), and a reduction ratio detecting element disposed in the float (34) (21, 44, 88), wherein the reduction ratio detecting element (21, 44, 88) is configured to output an operation signal when the vehicle is in a decelerating state, and to notify a brake to a rearward traveling vehicle of the vehicle. apparatus. 19. The speed reduction ratio detector (1) according to claim 2,
1) a rotating body (102) that is rotated at a predetermined position of the vehicle in synchronization with the rotational motion of the prime mover; and a rotatable free rotation within a predetermined angular range in a rotating direction within a rotation locus of the rotating body (102). To a rear traveling vehicle in a vehicle constituted by a supported inertial force sensing object (104), and a sensor (106) that senses a change in the inertial force of the inertial force sensing object (104) and outputs a deceleration signal. Brake warning device. 20. A reduction ratio detector (1) for use in a device for predicting braking of a vehicle running rearward in a vehicle according to claim 2.
1) wherein the speed reduction ratio detector (11) includes an attitude control means (K2) for controlling the speed reduction ratio detecting elements (21, 44, 88) to an appropriate attitude even when the attitude of the vehicle changes. Reduction ratio detector. 21. The liquid storage tank (12) according to claim 20, wherein the attitude control means (K2) is a liquid storage tank (12) mounted on a vehicle.
A float (34) supported in the liquid storage tank (12) to be rotatable back and forth with respect to the traveling direction of the vehicle; and a weight as an inertial force sensing object supported in the float (34) ( 42), and a speed reduction ratio detecting element (21, 4) in the float (34).
4,88).