JP2001334264A - Water treatment apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a water flow type water treatment apparatus using a squeeze film effect. SOLUTION: An ultrasonic vibration body including a vibration transmitting element 22 connected to an ultrasonic vibrator 21 and a column 23 which is connected in the axial direction of the element and vibrated by vibration from the element in a similar maximum displacement amplitude in the axial direction and the diameter direction, a cylinder 24 having a central shaft with the column and enclosing the column, the first lid 25 which is connected to one end of the cylinder, supports the vibration body, and is connected with a plurality of first pipes, and the second lid 31 which is connected to the other end of the cylinder and connected with the second pipe 26 are provided, a reactor is formed by the first lid, the cylinder, and the second lid. The distance between the surface of the first lid and the opposite surface of the column, the distance between the inside circumferential surface and the outside circumferential surface of the column, and the distance between the surface of the second lid and the opposite surface of the column are respectively 1/4 of the wavelengths of sound waves in water or below. Water is introduced from the first pipes and discharged from the second pipe, so that cavitation is generated for water treatment.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a water treatment apparatus in which cavitation is generated by ultrasonic waves in water flowing in a film form, and the action of cavitation sterilizes or inactivates microorganisms in the water.

2. Description of the Related Art At present, sterilization treatment with chlorine is generally performed in water purification plants and the like. However, chlorination is not very effective in killing pathogenic microorganisms such as Cryptosporidium which have excellent chlorine resistance. It is known that microorganisms and the like in water can be sterilized or inactivated by the cavitation effect ("Ultrasonic Technology Handbook (New Edition)", Shinkichi et al., Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun, p. 844-p. 858 (199
1)). Cavitation is a phenomenon in which bubbles are generated in a liquid when the liquid is decompressed by the irradiation of ultrasonic waves, and the thermal, chemical, and mechanical actions that occur when the bubbles are compressed, expanded, and crushed. It is considered that microorganisms and the like are sterilized or inactivated by destruction or the like. 15 ~
A water treatment apparatus utilizing cavitation caused by 150 kHz ultrasonic waves is known (US Pat. No. 4,961,86).
0). A water treatment method capable of sterilizing pathogenic microorganisms using cavitation by ultrasonic waves of 20 kHz or more is known (for example, EP-A-567225).
No.). Conventionally, when cavitation is generated by ultrasonic waves, a standing wave sound field is mainly used. In this case, a so-called spot is generated in a region where cavitation occurs. When ultrasonic cavitation using standing waves is used as a water treatment method, the treatment effect varies depending on the location and the overall treatment efficiency is reduced. It is also known that cavitation is generated when one of two surfaces having a small gap separated by a fluid vibrates at high speed ("Tribology (Basic and applied) I", edited by Tribology Study Group, Koshobo) , P.57-p.59 (1976)).
The cause of this cavitation is the pressure generated in the fluid film sandwiched between the two surfaces, and the phenomenon of this pressure is called the “squeeze film effect” or the “throttling film effect” (see “Tribology (basic And Application I) ", edited by Tribology Research Group, Koshobo, p.70 (1976))

As used herein, the term "action for water treatment" refers to the thermal action or chemical action that occurs when bubbles due to cavitation caused by the squeeze film effect are compressed and expanded or collapsed. "Water treatment" means disinfecting or inactivating microorganisms and disinfecting water while flowing water. , “Water treatment area” means the area where “Water treatment” is performed, and “Water treatment efficiency” means the efficiency of “Water treatment”, ie, microorganisms and the like in water are disinfected or inactivated. Speed, throughput, etc. The dimensions of each part of the apparatus exemplified in this specification are examples of dimensions when the apparatus is not operating. In the application by the present inventor (Japanese Patent Application No. 11-182903),
Paying attention to the sterilization effect of ultrasonic cavitation, a water treatment method using a squeeze membrane effect has been proposed to efficiently sterilize microorganisms. In this water treatment method,
(1) The method does not use a medicine, (2) the device is small and easy to handle, and (3) the maintenance and management are easy. Japanese Patent Application No. 11-182903 discloses a water treatment method and apparatus for generating cavitation in water flowing in a film form in order to impart cavitation action to microorganisms in water with a high probability and improve water treatment efficiency. ing. It also has a cylinder connected to the ultrasonic vibrator and vibrating with substantially the same force in the axial direction and the radial direction, and a cylindrical container enclosing the cylinder, and a gap between the side surface of the cylinder and the inner surface of the cylindrical container. The ring-shaped space is equal to or less than (1/4) of the wavelength of the sound wave in water at the driving frequency of the ultrasonic vibrator, and the water that flows in a film form in the region of the ring-shaped space generates cavitation. A processing unit is shown.
In the above-mentioned water treatment device, the region where cavitation is generated by the ultrasonic vibration source in the water flowing in the form of a film in the ring-shaped space is defined as the water treatment region, and the action of cavitation is performed on the microorganisms in the water in the water treatment region. They are given with a high probability. However, the size of the water treatment area is relatively small because cavitation is generated in the water in the water treatment area having a small thickness. Therefore, cavitation must be generated over as large an area as possible with a single ultrasonic vibration source in order to perform water treatment reliably while flowing water, and to perform water treatment with high energy efficiency and to improve water treatment throughput. There is. In order to uniformly generate cavitation in a wide water treatment area, it is necessary to ultrasonically vibrate the entire surface in contact with water while flowing water in the water treatment area. In addition, if the distribution of cavitation is biased due to the disturbance of the sound field due to the cavitation, or if there is a difference in the path of water passing in the form of a film in the water treatment area, microorganisms in the water will not be treated for water treatment. The effect cannot be given uniformly, and stable water treatment cannot be performed. A first object of the present invention is to generate cavitation in a large area by one ultrasonic vibration source,
The squeeze membrane effect is used to increase the area of the water treatment area so that water flows in a film-like shape over almost the entire area of the water treatment area, and that the action for water treatment can be given to the flowing water efficiently enough. It is to provide a flowing water treatment device. A second object of the present invention is to provide a method of flowing water using a squeeze membrane effect by stably and uniformly imparting an action for water treatment to microorganisms in water even when the occurrence of cavitation is uneven. An object of the present invention is to provide a processing device.

According to the water treatment apparatus of the present invention, an ultrasonic oscillator, a vibration transmission element coupled to the ultrasonic oscillator, and an axially coupled vibration transmission element are provided. An ultrasonic vibrator is configured to include a cylinder that vibrates with the same maximum displacement amplitude in the axial direction and the radial direction due to vibration. A first lid connected to one end of a cylinder enclosing the cylinder sharing the central axis with the cylinder, supporting the ultrasonic vibrator and connected to a plurality of first tubes, and coupled to the other end of the cylinder; One reaction vessel is constituted by the second lid to which the second tube is connected and the cylinder. A first distance between the surface of the first lid and the surface of the cylinder facing the second lid, and a second distance between the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder and the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder.
And the third distance between the surface of the second lid and the surface of the cylinder opposite thereto are respectively (1/1 / the wavelength of the sound wave in water).
4) It is set as follows. Water to be subjected to water treatment flows into the reaction vessel from the first pipe, and water subjected to water treatment flows out from the second pipe. Alternatively, water to be subjected to water treatment flows into the reaction vessel from the second pipe to form the first water. The effluent is discharged from the pipes of the pipes, and cavitation is generated in the first to third intervals between the inflow of the water to be treated and the outflow of the treated water. Do. In another water treatment apparatus of the present invention, a first ultrasonic transducer, a first vibration transmission element coupled to the first ultrasonic transducer, and an axial coupling of the first vibration transmission element are provided. A first vibration that vibrates with the same maximum displacement amplitude in the axial direction and the radial direction by vibration from the first vibration transmission element;
The first ultrasonic vibrating body is constituted by including the
Ultrasonic transducer, a second vibration transmission element coupled to the second ultrasonic transducer, and an axial direction coupled to the second vibration transmission element in an axial direction by the vibration from the second vibration transmission element. A second ultrasonic vibrating body is configured to include the second column vibrating at the same magnitude as the maximum displacement amplitude in the radial direction. The central axis is shared with the first cylinder and the second cylinder, and the first cylinder and the second cylinder are shared.
A first lid connected to one end of a cylinder enclosing the column and supporting a first ultrasonic vibrator and connected to a plurality of first tubes; and a second lid connected to the other end of the cylinder. One reaction vessel is constituted by the second lid, which supports the sonic vibrator and to which a plurality of second pipes are connected, and the cylinder. A first distance between the surface of the first lid and the surface of the first cylinder facing the first lid, a second distance between the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder and the outer peripheral surface of the first cylinder, and the first cylinder and the first cylinder. A third interval between the opposing surfaces of the two cylinders, a fourth interval between the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder and the outer peripheral surface of the second cylinder, and a surface of the second lid and the second cylinder facing the second lid. Each of the fifth distances from the surface is set to (（) or less of the wavelength of the sound wave in water. Water to be subjected to water treatment flows into the reaction vessel from the first pipe, and water subjected to water treatment flows out from the second pipe. Alternatively, water to be subjected to water treatment flows into the reaction vessel from the second pipe to form the first water. The water treated water is caused to flow out from the pipe of the above, and cavitation is generated in the first to fifth intervals between the inflow of the water to be treated and the outflow of the treated water, thereby performing the water treatment. Do. The plurality of first tubes are connected to the first lid at symmetrical positions on the circumference centered on a position corresponding to the center axis of the cylinder, and the plurality of second tubes are connected to the center axis of the cylinder. Are connected to the second lid at symmetrical positions on the circumference centered on the position corresponding to. In another water treatment apparatus of the present invention, a first ultrasonic transducer, a first vibration transmission element coupled to the first ultrasonic transducer, and an axial coupling of the first vibration transmission element are provided. A first column vibrating at the same maximum axial and radial displacement amplitude by vibration from the first vibration transmission element;
Of the second ultrasonic transducer, a second vibration transmission element coupled to the second ultrasonic transducer, and a second vibration transmission element coupled in the axial direction of the second vibration transmission element. The second ultrasonic vibrating body includes the second cylinder vibrating with the same maximum displacement amplitude in the axial direction and the radial direction by the vibration from the second vibration transmitting element. A first cylinder sharing a central axis with the first cylinder and including the first cylinder; a second cylinder sharing a central axis with the second cylinder and including the second cylinder; A first lid connected to one end of the second cylinder and supporting the first ultrasonic vibrator and connected to the plurality of first tubes; and a second ultrasonic vibration connected to one end of the second cylinder. Supporting the body with multiple second
Has a second lid to which the tube is connected, and a through hole in the center,
A partition plate that couples the other end of the first cylinder and the other end of the second cylinder so as to face each other. The first reaction vessel is constituted by the first lid, the first cylinder, and the partition plate,
, A second cylinder, and a partition plate constitute a second reaction vessel. A first distance between the surface of the first lid and a surface of the first column facing the first lid, a second distance between the inner peripheral surface of the first cylinder and the outer peripheral surface of the first cylinder, The third distance between the surface and the surface of the first cylinder opposed thereto, the fourth distance between the surface of the partition plate and the surface of the second cylinder opposed thereto, and the inner peripheral surface of the second cylinder. A fifth distance from the outer peripheral surface of the second cylinder;
The sixth distance between the surface of the lid and the surface of the second cylinder opposed thereto is set to be (（) or less the wavelength of the sound wave in water. Water to be treated from the first pipe to the first
Into the second reaction vessel through the through-hole and the water subjected to water treatment through the second pipe, or the water to be treated through the second pipe into the second reaction vessel. Into the first reaction vessel through the through-hole and the water that has been subjected to water treatment to flow out from the first tube, so that the first water flows between the water to be treated and the water that has been treated. And cavitation is generated in the sixth region to perform water treatment. The plurality of first tubes are connected to the first lid at symmetrical positions on the circumference around a position corresponding to the center axis of the first cylinder, and the plurality of second tubes are connected to the first tube. The second lid is connected to the second lid at a symmetrical position on the circumference around a position corresponding to the central axis of the second cylinder. In the present invention, cavitation is generated in a large area by one ultrasonic vibration source, the area of the water treatment area is widened, and water passes through almost the entire area of the water treatment area in a film form.
The action for water treatment can be given to the flowing water sufficiently efficiently to provide a water treatment device using the squeeze film effect.
Even if the occurrence of cavitation is uneven, it is possible to provide a water treatment apparatus using a squeeze membrane effect that stably and uniformly imparts an action for water treatment to microorganisms in flowing water and obtains a stable effect. .

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. In the present invention, the squeeze film is formed in a region between the side surfaces (outer peripheral surface) and both end surfaces of the cylinder and the inner wall of the reaction cell by utilizing the vibration displacement of the cylinder surface using the coupled vibration in the axial direction and the radial direction of the cylinder. Use a reaction vessel with a large water treatment area and axial symmetry so that the effect takes place. (Embodiment 1) FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a configuration example of a flowing water type water treatment apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, and has the most basic structure having one reaction vessel for water treatment. It is sectional drawing of an apparatus. The electric vibration generated by the drive power supply 1 is converted into mechanical vibration by the ultrasonic vibrator 21. The ultrasonic vibrator 21 may be either an electrostrictive or magnetostrictive ultrasonic vibrator, but is preferably a bolted Langevin type ultrasonic vibrator having better electroacoustic conversion efficiency at the time of driving. The mechanical vibration generated by the ultrasonic vibrator 21 is transmitted to the cylinder 23 via the vibration transmitting element 22 coupled to the output end of the ultrasonic vibrator 21. Vibration transmission element 2
2 may be composed of a plurality of stages, or a vibration transmitting element having a shape such as a solid horn may be used. The cylinder 23 is a cylinder 2
4, the central axis of the cylinder 23 and the central axis of the cylinder 24 are arranged so as to coincide with each other. The ultrasonic vibrator composed of the ultrasonic vibrator 21, the vibration transmission element 22, and the column 23 is a cylindrical 2
4 and is supported by a first lid 25 that seals one end of the cylinder 24. The reaction container 20 is constituted by the second lid 31, the cylinder 24, and the first lid 25 that seal the other end of the cylinder 24. A plurality of (at least two or more) first tubes 26 for flowing water into the reaction vessel 20 are connected to the first lid 25, and each of the first tubes 26 is centered on a position corresponding to the central axis of the cylinder 24. Each first pipe 26 is connected to a symmetrical position on the circumference, and each first pipe 26 is connected to a ring-shaped pipe 41. A pipe 42 branches off from the ring-shaped pipe 41 and is connected to an external system including a system (not shown) for supplying water to be treated. In addition, a second pipe 43 through which water subjected to water treatment flows out of the reaction container 20 is provided at the center of the second lid 31. The distance between the side surface of the cylinder 23 and the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder 24, the distance between the upper surface of the cylinder 23 and the inner surface of the first lid 25, and the distance between the lower surface of the cylinder 23 and the inner surface of the second lid 31 are all as follows. The frequency is set to (１ ／) or less of the wavelength of the sound wave in water at the driving frequency of the ultrasonic transducer. The water that has flowed into the reaction vessel 20 from each first pipe 26 flows in a film form on almost the entire surface (outer peripheral surface, both end surfaces) of the column 23, and is drained from the second pipe 43. The second pipe 43 is connected to an external system including a system (not shown) for storing water treated water. Column 2
Numeral 3 has a vibration mode in which the forces in the axial direction and the radial direction of the cylinder 23 are almost equal to each other when the ultrasonic vibration is performed, as shown by a broken line 23 ', and is configured to perform a so-called combined vibration. Cavitation is generated stably in a region of (１ ／) or less of the wavelength of, and cavitation is generated in water flowing in a film on almost the entire surface of the cylinder 23. The water flowing into the reaction vessel from the plurality of first pipes 26 is uniformly supplied to the water treatment area where cavitation occurs without stagnation. Cavitation occurs in the water flowing in the form of a film on almost the entire surface of the column 23, and a wide water treatment area is secured, so that a stable water treatment effect can be obtained. In order to improve the radiation capability of ultrasonic waves from the cylinder 23, it is considered that it is necessary to increase the amount of medium removed by the vibration of the cylinder 23. Therefore, the coupling vibration in the axial direction and the radial direction of the cylinder 23 can be reduced. As the vibration mode, it is desirable to use a fundamental coupling vibration mode as shown by a broken line 23 '. In the above description, as the configuration in which water flows in from the second pipes 43 and flows out from each of the first pipes 26, the flow direction of the water may be reversed, and the same effect is obtained. (Embodiment 2) Two cylinders are arranged so that the end faces are opposed to each other, so that the squeeze film effect occurs even in a region between the end faces of the two cylinders, and has a wide water treatment area, axial symmetry and cylinder. A reaction vessel having a structure symmetrical with respect to a plane perpendicular to the axis is used. FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing a configuration example of a flowing water type water treatment apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention. The water treatment device shown in FIG. 2 has a configuration in which two components of the water treatment device shown in FIG. 1 except for the second lid 31 are combined, and the surface of the opposing first cylinder 23a and the second cylinder The distance between the surfaces of 23b is (1) of the wavelength of the sound wave in water at the driving frequency of the ultrasonic transducer.
/ 4) The first cylinder 24a and the second cylinder 24b are connected while being held below. First cylinder 23a
Are arranged inside the first cylinder 24a such that the center axis of the first cylinder 23a and the center axis of the first cylinder 24a coincide with each other. A first ultrasonic vibrating body including a first ultrasonic vibrator 21a, a first vibration transmission element 22a, and a first cylinder 23a is connected to one end of a first cylinder 24a and is connected to a first cylinder 2a.
4a is supported by a first lid 25a that seals one end. The second cylinder 23b is arranged inside the second cylinder 24b such that the center axis of the second cylinder 23b and the center axis of the second cylinder 24b coincide. Second ultrasonic transducer 21b, second vibration transmission element 22b, second cylinder 23
b is connected to one end of the second cylinder 24b and seals the second end of the second cylinder 24b.
Is supported by the lid 25b. First cylinder 24a
The second cylinder 24b and the second cylinder 24b may be configured as a single cylinder, and the first lid 25a may be provided at one end of the cylinder and the second lid 25b may be provided at the other end. First cylinder 24a, second cylinder 24b
The reaction vessel 20 is constituted by (or one cylinder constituting the cylinder 24a and the cylinder 24b), the first lid 25a, and the first lid 25b. A plurality of (at least two or more) first pipes 26a through which water flows into the reaction vessel 20 are connected to the first lid 25a, and each first pipe 26a is connected to the first cylinder 24.
a (or one cylinder constituting the first cylinder 24a and the second cylinder 24b) are connected to symmetrical positions on the circumference centered on the position corresponding to the central axis, and each first pipe 26a Is connected to the first ring-shaped pipe 41a. A first pipe 42a branches from the first ring-shaped pipe 41a, and is connected to an external system including a system (not shown) for supplying water to be treated. A plurality of (at least two or more) second pipes 26b through which the water treated water flows out of the reaction vessel 20 are connected to the second lids 25b, and each of the second pipes 26b is connected to the second cylinder 24b (or the second cylinder 24b). (One cylinder constituting one cylinder 24a and the second cylinder 24b) are connected to symmetrical positions on the circumference around a position corresponding to the central axis, and each second tube 26b is connected to a second ring. It is connected to a pipe 41b in the shape of a letter. From the second ring-shaped pipe 41b to the second pipe 42b
Is branched, and the second pipe 42b is connected to an external system including a system (not shown) for storing water treated. The side surface of the first cylinder 23a and the first cylinder 24a (or the first cylinder 24a and the second cylinder 24b forming the second cylinder 24b)
(D1) between the inner surface of the first cylinder and the first cylinder 23
a (D2) between the surface of the first cover 25a and the inner surface of the first lid 25a;
(D3) between the opposite cylinder 23a and the opposing surface of the second cylinder 23b, the side surface of the second cylinder 23b and the second cylinder 24b.
(D4) between the inner peripheral surface of the first cylinder 24a and one cylinder constituting the second cylinder 24b (D4), and the interval between the surface of the second cylinder 23b and the inner surface of the second lid 25b. (D5) is equal to or less than (波長) the wavelength of the sound wave in water at the driving frequency of the ultrasonic transducer. The water that has flowed into the reaction vessel 20 from each first pipe 26a flows like a film over substantially the entire surface of the first cylinder 23a and the second cylinder 23b, and is drained from each second pipe 26b. The first ultrasonic transducer 21a and the second ultrasonic transducer 21b are connected to a drive power supply (not shown). It is desirable that the first cylinder 23a and the second cylinder 23b vibrate in the same phase. As in the first embodiment, cavitation is stably performed in a region where the interval is equal to or less than (１ ／) the wavelength of the sound wave in water. Occurs and the first column 23
a, Cavitation is generated in the water flowing in a film shape on almost the entire surface of the second column 23b. In the above description, water is introduced from each second pipe 26b and the first pipe 2
As for the configuration for flowing out from 6a, the direction in which water flows may be reversed, and the same effect is obtained. Vibration transmitting elements (22a, 22b), coupled vibrating cylinders (23a, 23)
The vibration state under load was analyzed using the finite element method so that b) resonated at the drive frequency of 28 kHz to achieve the desired vibration mode, and the dimensions of each component of the reaction vessel 20 were determined. The cylinders (23a, 23b) have a diameter of 117
The first cylinder 24a and the second cylinder 24b are made of a single stainless steel cylinder (inner diameter 123 mm, outer diameter 163 mm), and the vibration transmission elements (22a, 22b) are made of a Ti alloy cylinder having a length of 82 mm and a length of 82 mm. , Diameter 40mm, length 85
mm Al alloy cylindrical rod. Interval D1, D2, D
3, D4 and D5 were all 3 mm. The volume of the reaction vessel 20 is about 800 mL. Ultrasonic transducers (21a, 2
As 1b), a bolted Langevin type ultrasonic transducer is used, the driving frequency is set to about 26 kHz, and the first column 2
3a and the second cylinder 23b were vibrated in phase. 26k
The (）) wavelength of sound waves in Hz in water is the distance D1, D2,
Since it is sufficiently larger than D3, D4, and D5 (3 mm), 3
No standing wave is generated in the direction of mm, and the pressure distribution in the direction of 3 mm can be regarded as substantially uniform. The pressure fluctuation generated in the space of 3 mm is due to the squeeze film effect. In the structure of the water treatment apparatus of the second embodiment, the water treatment area is larger than that of the water treatment apparatus of the first embodiment (FIG. 1), and the water flows in a film-like manner between the first column 23a and the second column 23b. Since the water is vibrated from the first cylinder 23a and the second cylinder 23b, the cavitation strength is increased, and therefore, a very strong action for water treatment is given to the water film. Hereinafter, Escherichia coli (E. Co.) was used using the water treatment apparatus of Example 2.
The sterilization performance obtained by performing the sterilization evaluation experiment of li) will be described. The sterilization evaluation experiment system includes a circulation system in which sample water containing a sample (Escherichia coli) in a sample tank is sent to a reaction container by a pump, and sample water flowing out of the reaction container is returned to the sample tank again. The sample water in the sample tank is constantly stirred by the stirrer, and the concentration of the sample in the sample tank is kept constant. Sample water is sampled from the sample tank during the continuation of the water treatment, and the sample concentration is measured using an absorptiometer. As a calibration value between the absorbance and the actual concentration of Escherichia coli, an absorbance value of 0.53 at 660 nm with respect to the concentration of Escherichia coli of 5.8 × 10 ⁸ (cells / mL) was used. Prior to the sterilization evaluation experiment, the sample water was circulated without driving the ultrasonic vibrator, and it was confirmed that the concentration of E. coli hardly changed. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of the results of a sterilization evaluation experiment using a flowing water type water treatment apparatus according to Example 2, wherein the vertical axis represents the concentration of Escherichia coli living in the sample water (cells / m 2).
L), the horizontal axis shows the duration (min) of the water treatment. However, the result shown in FIG. 3 is the same as FIG.
Is connected to one place near 25a of one stainless steel cylinder (constituting the first cylinder 24a and the second cylinder 24b), and the second pipe 26b is connected to one place near 25b of this stainless steel cylinder. A running water treatment device was used.
In the sterilization evaluation experiment, the driving frequency was 26.2 kHz, the power consumption was 130 W, and the initial concentration (constant) of E. coli Q ₀ = 6.0 × 1.
0 ⁷ (cells / mL), the processing amount 2L (liquid volume of sample water to be used), the flow rate [nu = 600 water sample (mL / min)
Under each condition. From the results shown in FIG. 3, it can be assumed that the change in the concentration of Escherichia coli with respect to the duration of the water treatment can be expressed kinetically by the same relational expression as the primary reaction. The reaction rate constant for the primary reaction is defined as sterilization rate constant k _E of E. coli, from the slope of the straight line shown in FIG. 3, k _E = 0.0
52 (min ^-1 ) are obtained. The sterilization rate constant k _E obtained here indicates the sterilization rate in the circulating system used,
It also depends on the throughput. Therefore, in the procedure described below,
To determine the bactericidal rate of the reaction vessel itself, determine the bactericidal rate constant k _EC as it passes through the reaction vessel only once. Now, at time t, the concentration of E. coli in the sample tank is C _m (t), the concentration of E. coli at the water inlet of the reaction vessel is C _in (t) (= C _m (t)), Let C _out (t) be the concentration of E. coli at the outlet of the water in the reaction vessel, V _{t be} the volume of the sample water in the sample tank, and V _C be the volume of the sample water in the reaction vessel. However, the volume of piping etc. connecting the sample tank and the reaction vessel is ignored. Assuming that the sterilization reaction in the reaction vessel is also a primary reaction, the concentration of E. coli in the reaction vessel at time t is calculated as C _C
(T) is given by (Equation 1).

[Equation 1] C _C (t) = Q ₀ exp {−k _EC t} (Equation 1) When t = t ₁ ,

(2) C _C (t ₁ ) = C _in (t ₁ ) = C _m (t ₁ ) (Equation 2), and when t = {t ₁ + (V _C / ν)},

## EQU3 ## Since C _C ｛t ₁ + (V _C / ν)｝ = C _out ｛t ₁ + (V _C / ν)｝ (Equation 3), the relationship of (Equation 4) is obtained.

C _out {t ₁ + (V _C / v)} = C _m (t ₁ ) exp {−k _EC V _C / v} (Equation 4) On the other hand, the concentration of Escherichia coli in the circulatory system The change is (Equation 5)
(Lim indicates the extreme value of Δt to 0).

DC _m (t ₁ ) / dt = lim {(C _m (t ₁ + Δt) −C _m (t ₁ )) / Δt} = − k _E C _m (t ₁ ) (Equation 5) , The concentration of E. coli in the sample tank at time (t ₁ + Δt) is given by (Equation 6).

C _m (t ₁ + Δt) = {(V _t −νΔt) C _m (t ₁ ) + νΔt _{C out} (t ₁ + (V _C / ν))} / V _t (Equation 6) (Equation 5) ) And (Equation 6) yield (Equation 7).

-K _E C _m (t ₁ ) = (ν / V _t ) {C _out (t ₁ + (V _C / ν)) − C _m (t ₁ )} (Equation 7) (Equation 7) Substituting (Equation 4) into (Equation 4), the equation (Equation 8) shows the relationship between k _E (sterilization rate constant of the circulation system) and k _EC (sterilization rate constant when passing through the reaction vessel only once). ) Is required. Therefore, from (Equation 8), k _EC = 0.082
(Min ^-1 ) is obtained.

K _EC = (− ν / V _C ) ln {1− (k _E V _t / ν)} (Equation 8) Further, when the survival rate of E. coli is expressed as 10 ^−m , (Equation 9) is obtained from 4). When m = 1, 2, 3, the sterilization rates are 90%, 99%, and 99.9%, respectively.

M = 0.036 (min ⁻¹ ) V _C (mL) / ν (mL / min) (Equation 9) According to (Equation 9), the reaction vessel is passed only once, and for example, , 99% or more (m = 2 or more)
It can be seen that the flow rate ν of the sample water should be set to about 14 (mL / min) or less. The results of an experiment on the evaluation of sterilization of Escherichia coli using a standing wave sound field, which has been widely used to generate cavitation, are shown below for comparison. In the sterilization evaluation experiment using the standing wave sound field, about 100 mL of the sample water used in the previous sterilization evaluation experiment is put into a batch container, and ultrasonic waves having a frequency of 27.3 kHz are applied from a circular vibration surface having a diameter of 30 mm and in-phase longitudinal vibration. Was irradiated. At this time, the average power consumption was about 50W. FIG. 4 is a diagram comparing a result example of the sterilization evaluation experiment (FIG. 3) using the flowing water type water treatment apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention and a result example of the sterilization evaluation experiment using the standing wave sound field. In FIG. 4, the vertical axis indicates the number of cells killed per unit electric power (cells / W), and the horizontal axis indicates the duration of water treatment (min). As is clear from the results shown in FIG. 4, the number of Escherichia coli to be killed per unit of electric power in the flowing water type water treatment apparatus is not affected by the water treatment while flowing the sample water. Is about twice as large as that in the case of using. Assuming that the change in the concentration of Escherichia coli is a first-order reaction of the reaction rate constant k, the tendency of the change curve (connecting the points indicated by circles) in FIG.
(−kt)}, but when a standing wave sound field is used (curve connecting square points), this tendency is hardly seen, and it seems that a stable sterilizing effect cannot be obtained. This is considered to be due to the fact that when a standing wave sound field is used, fluctuations in the water load on the vibrator greatly change due to cavitation, vertical movement of the liquid level, etc., and cavitation does not stably occur. Conversely, in the case of the present invention in which cavitation is generated using the squeeze film effect, cavitation can be generated stably, and as a result, it is considered that a stable sterilization effect of Escherichia coli is obtained. (Embodiment 3) Two cylinders are arranged via a partition plate having a through hole at the center so that the end faces are opposed to each other, and the squeeze film is formed even in the region between each end face of the two cylinders and the surface of the partition plate. Use a reaction vessel that is effective, has a large water treatment area, has axial symmetry and a structure symmetrical with respect to the partition plate. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration example of a flowing water type water treatment apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention, and is a cross-sectional view of a water treatment apparatus having a structure including two reaction vessels for water treatment. The water treatment apparatus according to the third embodiment can form a water treatment region having a larger area than the water treatment apparatus according to the second embodiment (FIG. 2). The water treatment device shown in FIG. 5 is the same as the water treatment device shown in FIG.
1 has a configuration in which two configurations are combined except for the partition plate 3
The distance between the surface of the first column 23a facing the second surface and the surface of the second column 23b facing the partition plate 32 is different from the surface of the second column 23b in the water at the driving frequency of the ultrasonic vibrator. The first cylinder 24a and the second cylinder 24b are connected to each other with the partition plate 32 having a water flow path at the center interposed therebetween while being kept at (（) or less the wavelength of the sound wave. . The first cylinder 23a is provided inside the first cylinder 24a with the first cylinder 2a.
The first cylinder 24a is arranged so that the center axis of the first cylinder 24a coincides with the center axis of the first cylinder 24a. A first ultrasonic vibrating body composed of the first ultrasonic vibrator 21a, the first vibration transmitting element 22a, and the first cylinder 23a is connected to one end of the first cylinder 24a and is connected to one end of the first cylinder 24a. Is supported by a first lid 25a that seals the air. The second cylinder 23b is a second cylinder 24
b, the central axis of the second cylinder 23b and the second cylinder 2
4b are arranged so as to coincide with the central axis. A second ultrasonic vibrating body including the second ultrasonic vibrator 21b, the second vibration transmitting element 22b, and the second cylinder 23b is connected to one end of the second cylinder 24b and is connected to one end of the second cylinder 24b. Is supported by a second lid 25b that seals the air. The first cylinder 24a and the second cylinder 24b are spaced apart from the surface of the first cylindrical column 23a facing the surface of the partition plate 32 having a water flow path at the center, and the second cylinder 24b is located opposite the surface of the partition plate 32. 2 cylinder 23b
Are connected to each other with the partition plate 32 interposed therebetween in such a manner that the distance from the surface is kept at (以下) or less of the wavelength of the sound wave in water at the driving frequency of the ultrasonic transducer. First
The first cylinder is constituted by the cylinder 24a, the first lid 25a, and the partition plate 32, and the second container is constituted by the second cylinder 24b, the second lid 25b, and the partition plate 32. First pipe 2 for flowing water into first reaction vessel 20a
6a are connected to a plurality (at least two or more) of the first lids 25a, and each of the first tubes 26a is connected to a symmetrical position on a circumference centered on a position corresponding to the central axis of the first cylinder 24a. Each first pipe 26a is connected to a first ring-shaped pipe 41a.
It is connected to the. A first pipe 42a branches from the first ring-shaped pipe 41a, and is connected to an external system including a system (not shown) for supplying water to be treated. The water that has passed through the first reaction vessel 20a and has been subjected to water treatment passes through the through hole 33 at the center of the partition plate 32, and the second reaction vessel 20a
b. A plurality of (at least two or more) second pipes 26b from which the water-treated water flows out of the second reaction vessel 20 are connected to the second lids 25b, and each of the second pipes 26b is connected to the second cylinder 24b. Each second tube 26b is connected to a symmetrical position on a circumference centered on a position corresponding to the central axis, and
Is connected to the ring-shaped pipe 41b. A second pipe 42b is branched from the second ring-shaped pipe 41b, and the second pipe 42b is connected to an external system including a system (not shown) for storing treated water. The distance (d) between the side surface of the first cylinder 23a and the inner peripheral surface of the first cylinder 24a
1), the distance (d2) between the surface of the first cylinder 23a and the inner surface of the first lid 25a, the distance (d3) between the surface of the first cylinder 23a facing the surface of the partition plate 32, and the partition plate 32 (D4), the distance between the side surface of the second cylinder 23b and the inner peripheral surface of the second cylinder 24b (d5), the surface of the second cylinder 23b. Both the distance (d6) between the inner surface of the second lid 25b and the inner surface of the second lid 25b are maintained at (１ ／) or less of the wavelength of sound waves in water at the driving frequency of the ultrasonic vibrator. From each first tube 26a to the first reaction vessel 20
a flows into a film on almost the entire surface (outer peripheral surface, both end surfaces) of the first column 23a inside the first reaction vessel, and then passes through the through hole 33 at the center of the partition plate 32. , Flows into the second reaction vessel 20b, flows in the form of a film on almost the entire surface (outer peripheral face, both end faces) of the second column 23b inside the second reaction vessel, and drains from each second pipe 26b. Is done. In addition,
First cylinder 24a, second cylinder 24b, and partition plate 3
2 may be manufactured from one cylinder by mechanization and integrated. The first ultrasonic transducer 21a and the second ultrasonic transducer 21b are connected to a drive power supply (not shown). It is desirable that the first cylinder 23a and the second cylinder 23b vibrate in the same phase. As in the case of the first and second embodiments, the region whose interval is equal to or less than (１ ／) the wavelength of the sound wave in water is
Cavitation occurs stably in a region that is (（) or less of the wavelength of the sound wave in water, and the first column 23a,
Cavitation is generated in the film-like water flowing on almost the entire surface of the second column 23b. The structure of the water treatment apparatus according to the third embodiment is the same as the structure in which the two water treatment apparatuses according to the first embodiment (FIG. 1) are connected in series, but has a more compact structure and can save space. In the above explanation,
As a configuration in which water flows in from each second pipe 26b and flows out from each first pipe 26a, the direction in which water flows may be reversed, and the same effect is obtained. In the same manner as in the second embodiment, the vibration transmission element (22a, 22b) and the coupled vibrating cylinder (23a, 23b) resonate at a drive frequency of 28 kHz to obtain a desired vibration mode. The analysis is performed using the finite element method, and the reaction vessel 20 is analyzed.
The dimensions of each component were determined. Columns (23a, 23
b) is a cylinder made of an Al alloy having a diameter of 117 mm and a length of 82 mm, the cylinder (24a, 24b) is made of an Al alloy cylinder (inner diameter 123 mm, outer diameter 163 mm), and the vibration transmission elements (22a, 22b) Diameter 40mm, length 85mm
Of aluminum alloy. Interval d1, d2, d3, d
4, d5 and d6 were all 3 mm. The partition plate 32 is an Al alloy having a thickness of 20 mm, and the diameter of the central through hole 33 is 10 mm. The electrical properties of the reaction vessel of Example 3 were almost the same as the electrical properties of the reaction vessel used in the sterilization evaluation experiment of Example 2, and the driving frequency was about 26 kHz.
The power consumption is about 150 W and the reaction vessels (20a, 20
The volume of b) is about 250 mL. As in Example 2,
A bolted Langevin type ultrasonic vibrator is used as the ultrasonic vibrators (21a, 21b), and the driving frequency is set to about 26.
kHz, the first column 23a and the second column 23b were vibrated in phase. 26 kHz sound wave in water
4) The wavelength is the interval d1, d2, d3, d4, d5, d5
(3 mm), the standing wave does not occur in the direction of 3 mm, and the pressure distribution in the direction of 3 mm can be regarded as substantially uniform. The pressure fluctuation generated in the space of 3 mm is due to the squeeze film effect. Things. Hereinafter, the sterilization performance obtained by performing a sterilization evaluation experiment on Escherichia coli (E. Coli) using the circulating system using the water treatment apparatus of the third embodiment in the same manner as in the second embodiment will be described. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of the results of a sterilization evaluation experiment of Escherichia coli using a flowing water treatment apparatus according to Example 3, in which the vertical axis represents the concentration of Escherichia coli surviving in the sample water (cells / mL), and the horizontal axis represents water treatment. Duration (mi
n). From the gradient shown in FIG. 6, k _E (sterilization rate constant of the circulation system) = 0.045 (min ⁻¹ ) is obtained. According to the same procedure as in Example 2, the obtained k _E , Q ₀ = 8.5 × 1
0 ⁷ (cells / mL), V _t = 1750 (mL), V
Using each value of _C = 250 (mL) and ν = 600 (mL / min), k _EC (sterilization rate constant when passing through the reaction vessel only once) = 0.34 (min ⁻¹ ) is obtained. Can be
This value of k _EC is four times the value of k _EC = 0.082 (min ⁻¹ ) obtained in the sterilization evaluation experiment of Example 2. The relational expression when the survival rate of E. coli is 10 ^−m is (Equation 10). For example, in order to obtain a sterilization rate of 99% or more (m = 2 or more), the flow rate ν may be set to about 18 (mL / min) or less.

M = 0.147 (min ⁻¹ ) V _C (mL) / ν (mL / min) (Equation 10) (Example 4) Water of Examples 1, 2 and 3 Since the water flowing into the reaction vessel always flows through the water treatment area with a small thickness and axial symmetry, even if the water flowing into the reaction vessel flows out of the reaction vessel via the shortest path, the theoretical Can have the effect of cavitation. If cavitation occurs and the sound field is disturbed by the generated cavities, it is conceivable that the cavitation generation region is also biased. In this case, it is convenient if the path of the water passing through the water treatment area can be controlled so that the water can pass through the entire water treatment area.
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration example of a flowing water type water treatment apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. Hereinafter, a configuration example of a water treatment apparatus that controls a flow path of water on the side surface and the end surface of the cylinder will be described. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a configuration example of controlling the flow path of water on the side surface of the column 23 in the configuration of the water treatment apparatus of the first embodiment (FIG. 1). In FIG. 7, between the side surface of the cylinder 23 and the inner surface of the cylinder 24, an elongated soft elastic body 5 capable of partitioning water is spirally wound around the outer periphery of the cylinder 23 and inserted. Since the elastic body 5 is soft, it does not restrict the vibration of the cylinder 23 and controls only the flow of water. With this configuration, the water flowing from each first pipe 26 always flows spirally on the side surface of the column 23, and even when the occurrence of cavitation has a positional deviation, the water flows from each first pipe 26. While flowing out of the second pipe 43,
The action for water treatment can be uniformly applied to the water flowing through.
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of controlling the flow path of water at the end face of the column 23 facing the second lid 31 in the configuration of the flowing water type water treatment apparatus of the first embodiment (FIG. 1). is there. Column 2
Another elastic body 5 'is spirally arranged on the end face 3 as shown in FIG. 8, for example, to form a water partition to partition the flow of water. Water passing through the side of the cylinder 23
On the end face facing the second lid 31, the spiral flow from the outer peripheral portion of the cylinder 23 to the center of the end face is performed.
The water is drained from a second pipe 43 provided at the center of the first pipe.
As the elastic bodies 5 and 5 ', for example, a sponge having a slender shape and a surface coated with silicon or the like may be used. The above-described configuration is applied to the second and third embodiments, and by the same configuration, in the configuration of the water treatment apparatus of the second embodiment (FIG. 2), the first column 23a and the second column 2
The elastic body 5 is arranged on the side face of 3b to control the flow path of water on the side face, and the elastic body 5 'is arranged on the end face of the second cylinder 23b facing the second lid 25b, and the water flows on the end face. You can control the route. In the configuration of the water treatment apparatus according to the third embodiment (FIG. 5), the elastic body 5 is arranged on the side surface of the first column 23a and the second column 23b to control the flow path of the water on the side surface.
The elastic body 5 'is disposed on the end face of the cylinder 23a facing the partition plate 32 to control the flow path of water at the end face, and the elastic body 5' is provided on the end face of the second cylinder 23b facing the second lid 25b. Can be arranged to control the flow path of water at the end face. In this way, even when the occurrence of cavitation has a positional deviation, water is supplied to the reaction vessel 20, the reaction vessel 20a,
While flowing into and out of the reactor 20b, the water flowing through the reactor 20 and the reactors 20a and 20b can be uniformly provided with an action for water treatment. In each of the embodiments described above, pipes for inflow and outflow of water are connected to the lid so that a water treatment area is formed over the entire surface of the cylinder, and the pipes for inflow and outflow of water are connected to the lids of the pipes. A wide water treatment area is formed by making the coupling position of the symmetrical position with respect to the center axis of the cylinder, and the water to be treated flows symmetrically in the reaction vessel and passes through almost the entire area of the water treatment area. I do. As a result, there is no stagnation of water in the reaction vessel, and the action for water treatment can be stably applied to the flowing water, so that stable water treatment can be performed. In general, cavitation can be generated with less energy at relatively low frequencies. Further, the vibration state of the cylinder 23 as shown by a broken line 23 'in FIG. 1 is determined by the material and dimensions of the cylinder and the frequency of the ultrasonic wave to be used. From these, in order to secure a large area of the water treatment region having a small thickness and efficiently use the cavitation effect, it is preferable to use ultrasonic waves in a relatively low frequency range, preferably 100 kHz or less. . Further, in each embodiment, a plurality of water treatment apparatuses are connected in series or in parallel, so that a larger area of the water treatment area can be secured. In the configurations shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 5, 7, and 8, the cylinder (23, 23a, 23b) and the cylinder (2
4, 24a, 24b) was set to 3 mm, but the value of this interval should be less than (１ ／) of the wavelength of sound waves in water at the driving frequency of the ultrasonic transducer. The minimum value is set at 5 from the viewpoint of ease of assembly and safe operation of the equipment.
It is preferable to set the value to about 00 μm.

As described above, according to the present invention,
Cavitation is generated in a large area by one ultrasonic vibration source, a large area of the water treatment area can be secured, and the effect of water treatment can be sufficiently given to microorganisms in water with the same energy consumption. According to the present invention, water flows in a film form in a water treatment area formed by using vibration of the side surface of the cylinder, and a water treatment area formed by using vibration of a surface other than the side surface of the cylinder. However, since water flows in a film form and passes through almost the entire water treatment area, water treatment efficiency (speed, throughput, etc.) is improved. Further, according to the present invention, since the elastic body that partitions the flow of water is disposed in the water treatment area, even if the cavitation generation distribution is biased, the action for water treatment is stably applied to the flowing water. And stable water treatment. Furthermore, according to the present invention, water flows in from a plurality of positions symmetrical with respect to the central axis of the reaction vessel, and flows out from a plurality of positions symmetrical with respect to the central axis of the reaction vessel. Therefore, the action for water treatment can be stably applied to flowing water, and stable water treatment can be performed.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration example of a flowing water type water treatment apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing a configuration example of a flowing water type water treatment apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a result of a sterilization evaluation experiment performed by a flowing water type water treatment apparatus according to a second embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a diagram comparing a result example of a sterilization evaluation experiment (FIG. 3) with a flowing water type water treatment apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention (FIG. 3) and a result example of a sterilization evaluation experiment using a standing wave sound field.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing a configuration example of a flowing water type water treatment apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of a result of a sterilization evaluation experiment using a flowing water type water treatment apparatus according to a third embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a sectional view showing a configuration example of a flowing water type water treatment apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a sectional view showing a configuration example of a flowing water type water treatment apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Drive power supply, 5, 5 '... Elastic body, 20 ... Reaction vessel, 2
0a: first reaction vessel, 20b: second reaction vessel, 21
... Ultrasonic vibrator, 21a ... First ultrasonic vibrator, 21b
... second ultrasonic transducer, 22 ... vibration transmission element, 22a ...
First vibration transmission element, 22b... Second vibration transmission element, 2
3 ... cylinder, 23a ... first cylinder, 23b ... second cylinder,
23 ': Vibration form of cylinder, 24: Cylinder, 24a: First cylinder, 24b: Second cylinder, 25, 25a: First lid,
25b ... second lid, 26, 26a ... first tube, 26b ...
2nd pipe, 31 ... 2nd lid, 32 ... partition plate, 33 ... through-hole 33, 41 ... ring-shaped piping, 41a ... 1st ring-shaped piping, 41b ... 2nd ring-shaped piping, 42 ... pipe, 42a ... first pipe, 42b, 43 ... second pipe.

Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Hiroshi Masuzawa 1-280 Higashi Koikekubo, Kokubunji-shi, Tokyo Inside Hitachi, Ltd. Central Research Laboratory (72) Inventor Shinichiro Umemura 1-280 Higashi Koikekubo, Kokubunji-shi, Tokyo Inside Hitachi, Ltd. Central Research Laboratory (72) Inventor Masahiro Kurihara 216 Totsuka-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa Prefecture F-term in Hitachi, Ltd. Communications Division 4D037 AA02 AB03 BA26 5D019 AA21 FF02 FF06

Claims (11)

[Claims] An ultrasonic transducer, a vibration transmission element coupled to the ultrasonic transducer, and a maximum displacement amplitude in an axial direction and a radial direction due to vibration from the vibration transmission element coupled in an axial direction of the vibration transmission element. An ultrasonic vibrating body including a cylinder having the same degree of vibration, a cylinder sharing the center axis with the cylinder and enclosing the cylinder, and a plurality of cylinders coupled to one end of the cylinder and supporting the ultrasonic vibrating body. A first lid to which the first pipe is connected, and a second lid connected to the other end of the cylinder and to which a second pipe is connected, wherein the first lid, the cylinder, A reaction vessel is constituted by the second lid, a first gap between the surface of the first lid and the surface of the cylinder facing the first lid, and a first distance between an inner peripheral surface of the cylinder and an outer peripheral surface of the cylinder. 2 and the third space between the surface of the second lid and the surface of the cylinder facing the second cover, respectively. And the water is allowed to flow into the reaction vessel from the first tube and the water is allowed to flow out from the second tube, or water is allowed to flow from the second tube to the reaction vessel. And the water flows out of the first pipe,
A water treatment device, wherein cavitation is generated in the first to third intervals between the inflow and the outflow to perform water treatment. 2. The water treatment apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising an elastic body on an outer peripheral surface of said column for partitioning a flow of water. 3. The water treatment apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: an elastic body for partitioning a flow of water on a surface of said cylinder facing said surface of said second lid. . 4. A first ultrasonic transducer, a first vibration transmitting element coupled to the first ultrasonic transducer, and the first vibration coupled axially to the first vibration transmitting element. A first ultrasonic vibrating body including a first cylinder vibrating at the same magnitude as the maximum displacement amplitude in the axial direction and the radial direction due to vibration from the transmission element, a second ultrasonic vibrator, and the second ultrasonic vibrator; A second vibration transmission element coupled to the acoustic transducer and an axially coupled radial vibration maximum displacement amplitude of the second vibration transmission element that is substantially the same as that of the second vibration transmission element due to vibration from the second vibration transmission element; A second ultrasonic vibrating body including a second cylinder vibrating at
A plurality of cylinders shared with the first and second cylinders and enclosing the first and second cylinders and coupled to one end of the cylinders to support the first ultrasonic vibrator and First
A first lid connected to the other end of the cylinder, and a second lid connected to the other end of the cylinder and supporting the second ultrasonic vibrator and connected to a plurality of second pipes. , The first lid, the cylinder, and the second lid constitute a reaction vessel.
Of the surface of the lid and the surface of the first cylinder opposite thereto
, The second distance between the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder and the outer peripheral surface of the first cylinder, the third distance between the opposing surfaces of the first cylinder and the second cylinder, The inner peripheral surface and the second
The fourth interval between the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder and the fifth interval between the surface of the second lid and the surface of the second cylinder opposed thereto are respectively the wavelength of the sound wave in water. １ ／) or less, wherein water flows into the reaction vessel from the first pipe and water flows out from the second pipe, or water flows from the second pipe into the reaction vessel and A water treatment apparatus, comprising: discharging water from a first pipe to generate cavitation in the first to fifth intervals between the inflow and the outflow to perform water treatment. 5. The water treatment apparatus according to claim 4, further comprising an elastic body that partitions water flow on outer peripheral surfaces of said first cylinder and said second cylinder. . 6. The water treatment apparatus according to claim 4, further comprising an elastic body for partitioning a flow of water on a surface of said second cylinder facing said surface of said second lid. Water treatment equipment. 7. The water treatment apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the plurality of first pipes are arranged at symmetrical positions on a circumference centered on a position corresponding to a center axis of the cylinder. A plurality of second pipes connected to the first lid, the plurality of second tubes being connected to the second lid at symmetrical positions on a circumference centered on a position corresponding to a central axis of the cylinder. Water treatment equipment. 8. A first ultrasonic transducer, a first vibration transmission element coupled to the first ultrasonic transducer, and the first vibration coupled axially to the first vibration transmission element. A first ultrasonic vibrating body including a first cylinder vibrating at the same magnitude as the maximum displacement amplitude in the axial direction and the radial direction due to vibration from the transmission element, a second ultrasonic vibrator, and the second ultrasonic vibrator; A second vibration transmission element coupled to the acoustic transducer and an axially coupled radial vibration maximum displacement amplitude of the second vibration transmission element that is substantially the same as that of the second vibration transmission element due to vibration from the second vibration transmission element; A second ultrasonic vibrating body including a second cylinder vibrating at
A first cylinder sharing the first cylinder in common with the first cylinder, a second cylinder sharing the center axis with the second cylinder and including the second cylinder, A first lid coupled to one end of the cylinder and supporting the first ultrasonic vibrator and connected to a plurality of first tubes; and a second lid coupled to one end of the second cylinder and A second lid that supports the acoustic vibrator and to which a plurality of second pipes are connected, and has a through hole in the center, and connects the other end of the first cylinder to the other end of the second cylinder; A first reaction vessel is formed by the first lid, the first cylinder, and the partition plate, and the second lid, the second cylinder, A second reaction vessel is constituted by the partition plate, a first gap between the surface of the first lid and the surface of the first cylinder opposed thereto, and an inner peripheral surface of the first cylinder. Said first of said second gap between the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder, the first to surface opposite thereto of the partition plate
A third distance from the surface of the column, a fourth distance from the surface of the partition plate and the surface of the second column facing the same,
A fifth distance between the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder and the outer peripheral surface of the second cylinder, and the surface of the second lid and the second surface facing the second lid.
The sixth distance from the surface of the column is not more than (１ ／) of the wavelength of the sound wave in water, and water flows from the first tube into the first reaction vessel and flows through the through-hole. Water is allowed to flow into the second reaction vessel to cause water to flow out of the second tube, or water is allowed to flow from the second tube to the second reaction vessel, and the first reaction vessel is allowed to pass through the through hole. Wherein water is discharged from the first pipe and water is discharged from the first pipe, and cavitation is generated in the first to sixth regions between the inflow and the outflow to perform water treatment. apparatus. 9. The water treatment apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising an elastic body that partitions water flow on outer peripheral surfaces of said first cylinder and said second cylinder. . 10. The water treatment apparatus according to claim 8, wherein
A water treatment apparatus comprising: an elastic body that partitions a flow of water on a surface of the second cylinder facing a surface of the second lid. 11. The water treatment apparatus according to claim 8, wherein
The plurality of first tubes are connected to the first lid at symmetrical positions on a circumference around a position corresponding to the central axis of the first cylinder, and the plurality of second tubes are connected to each other. A water treatment apparatus, wherein the water treatment apparatus is connected to the second lid at a symmetrical position on a circumference centered on a position corresponding to a center axis of the second cylinder.