JP2001321088A - Eggshell quality-improving feed - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide the subject feed capable of improving poultry eggshell quality and generation of damaged eggs. SOLUTION: This eggshell-improving feed is such as to be intended to improve poultry eggshell quality by supplying poultry with the feed added with 0.15-0.30 wt.%, at dry-matter conversion, of leaves of Solanum glaucoph yllum.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a poultry feed and a method for improving eggshell quality. More specifically, the present invention relates to a poultry mixed feed containing Ryukyu willow leaves and the feed is fed to improve eggshell quality. It provides a way to:

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art There is an urgent need to reduce the incidence of eggshell breakage, which lowers the commercialization rate of chicken eggs and reduces profitability. The loss due to broken eggs in eggshells in Japan is not sufficiently clear, but Roland (Poult.
(7: 1801,1988), based on a survey of 81 million broken eggs in the U.S. based on a survey of broken eggs, assuming that broken eggs occur in Japan at the same rate as in the United States, resulting in a loss of about 31 billion yen / year. (Sakai 1998, Production technology and distribution of high quality eggs (2)). As a method of reducing broken eggs by reviewing feed contents, calcium and phosphorus contents, calcium sources such as oysters, vitamins, sodium bicarbonate, zeolite, wood vinegar, viable bacteria, and the like have been studied. However, it is hard to say that a completely effective method has been found,
There is a need for a compound feed or mixed feed that reduces broken eggs by improving the eggshell.

[0003]

[0007] The present invention is, that calculates the vitamin D ₃ activity value of the Ryukyu willow leaf containing the active form of vitamin D _3-like factors, to pay the leaves of the Ryukyu willow in laying hens The present invention is to provide a mixed feed for poultry which improves eggshell quality which is reduced by aging.

[0004]

The present inventors have SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION are, in the leaves of Ryukyu willow, found that there is a dry 1 kg per 300,000 IU of about active as vitamin D ₃ in chickens, laying hens this It has been found that the eggshell is remarkably improved by feeding the rooster.

[0005] Vitamin D ₃ plays an important role in the metabolism of calcium in laying hens, such as promotion of calcium from the small intestine and release of calcium from the bone into the blood. Poor performance. Vitamin D ₃ is active (1α-25 (OH) ₂ -D ₃ ; hereinafter referred to as active vitamin D ₃ ) by being hydroxylated at position 25 (25-OH-D ₃ ) in the liver and then at 1α in the kidney. It is effective in vivo only after being metabolized. Therefore, vitamin D ₃ not itself, if not metabolized to an active vitamin D ₃ no effect in vivo, are known not exert much effect even if administered vitamin D ₃ in a large amount (Garlich and Wayt
t, Poult.Sci., 50: 950.1971, Berg et, al, Poult.Sci., 3
0: 799.1951). On the other hand, 1α-hydroxylase activity in the kidney, which plays a role in metabolizing 25-OH-D ₃ to active vitamin D ₃ ,
It decreases significantly with aging, and as a result, the concentration of active vitamin D ₃ in the small intestine, cortical bone and bone marrow bone decreases particularly in aged chickens. Therefore, the deterioration of eggshell quality with aging is caused by the decrease of 1α-hydroxylase activity,
One of the factors is that ₃ cannot supply enough to the target organ (Abe, et, al, J. Nutr., 112: 436.1982, Abe et al., Bone metabolism, 15: 93.1982), and active vitamins in plasma D ₃ concentration of the eggshell heavy increases higher (Soares et, al, Poult.Sc
i., 59: 1663.1980).

However, active vitamin D ₃ is a synthetic product and causes harm if used in an inappropriate amount. Further, safety is strongly desired as a feed for producing chicken eggs to be eaten by humans, and raw materials and the like used for the feed are desirably natural products. Ryukyu willow is an evergreen shrub native to southern Brazil and Uruguay that is cultivated for ornamental purposes. The Japanese name Ryukyu willow was introduced to Ryukyu in the late Edo period. It has been reported that the leaves of Ryukyu willow, a natural product, contain an active vitamin D _3- like factor (Wasserman et, al, J. Nutr. 106: 457,1976). There are no reports on biological effects and effects on eggshells.

Example 1 AOAC method (Official Methods of Analysis of the Associa)
Measurement of vitamin D ₃ activity of Ryukyu willow leaves was carried out in accordance with a bioassay for vitamin D ₃ using chicks according to Action of Official Analytical Chemists, 1995). For the test, 64 newborn chicks of High Line Maria were used, and 8 chicks were used in each section. The test feed is vitamin D
_The feed was prepared by adding vitamin D ₃ or Ryukyu willow leaves to the base feed without ₃ and the base feed without vitamin D _3, and fed for 3 weeks. Ryukyu willow leaves were freeze-dried, and the amount added was per dry matter. The measurement items were body weight, feed intake, growth rate, toe ash weight, tibia ash weight, and serum active vitamin D ₃ concentration. In addition, the treatment section was set as follows, and the mixing ratio of the section 1 which is the basic feed without vitamin D ₃ is shown in Table 1,
The component values (design values) are shown in Table 2.

[Table 1]

[Table 2]

Example 2 Table 3 shows the results of rearing results. Vitamin D ₃ content is 0
To 1400 IU / kg 5 ° from the first district that was increased to the (standard), with the increase of vitamin D ₃ content, it is recognized that increasing weight gain, and the improvement of growth and weight gain of the vitamin D ₃ content A dose response (Dose-response) was observed during (Y = 71.608 + 0.078744X−0.000033401X ² (R ²
= 0.936), X; vitamin D ₃ content in the diet (IU / kg), Y;
Weight gain (g)). Feed intake, 4 ° was added 800IU vitamin D _3, as compared with the first district of vitamin D ₃ without addition at 5 ° was added 1400IU, was increased by 17%. Feed conversion ratio was decreased with increase the vitamin D ₃ content.
On the other hand, increasing the weight of 6 ° was added 0.17 percent leaves Ryukyu willow, between 3 ° and 4 °, i.e., a vitamin D ₃ content, that is between 200 to 800 IU / kg, added 0.67% did
In section 7, it was shown to be equivalent to section 5 in which 1400 IU / kg was added. Conversely, in Section 8 with 2.67% addition, Section 3 (200 IU
/ kg).

[Table 3]

Example 3 Tables 4 and 5 show the measurement results of toe ash content. The measurement of toe ash was performed in accordance with AOAC. That is, the one separated between the second and third joints of the toe bone in the center of the left foot was used as a toe, which was dried at 100 ° C. for 8 hours, then ashed at 600 ° C. for 4 hours, and the weight of the ash was taken as the ash weight. . Vitamin D ₃ content from District 1 was increased to from 0 to 1,400 IU / kg 5 ° in (standard), the dry weight was also increased with the increase of vitamin D ₃ content in any of the ash weight and ash percentage.
Vitamin D ₃ except for the three sections where 200 IU / kg was added
It increased with increasing content and became parallel at 800 IU / kg. On the other hand, Ryukyu willow leaves 0.17% added 6
Ash percentage of Gu, weight gain is between 3 ° and 4 °, i.e., a vitamin D ₃ content, that is between 200 to 800 IU / kg, at the 7th district added 0.67%, 800 IU / kg It was shown to be equivalent to 4 sections where the addition was performed or 5 sections where 1400 IU / kg was added. Conversely, in Section 8 where 2.67% was added, Section 3 (200 IU / kg)
The ash content was about the same as the above.

[Table 4]

[Table 5]

Example 4 Tables 6 and 7 show the measurement results of the tibia ash content. The measurement of tibia ash was performed in accordance with AOAC. That is, the tibia (left foot) was boiled with distilled water for 2 minutes to remove adherent tissues, crushed, degreased in 100% alcohol, dried at 100 ° C. for 8 hours, and ashed at 600 ° C. for 2 hours. The weight of the material was taken as the ash weight. Tibia ash, the vitamin D ₃ content from 0 to 140
In the 1st to 5th sections (standard), which increased to 0 IU / kg, it increased with increasing vitamin D ₃ content, and increased to 800 IU / kg.
Became parallel. In addition, in the 6 to 8 sections where the leaves of Ryukyu willow were added, the measurement results were almost the same as those in the 5 sections where 1400 IU / kg was added.

[Table 6]

[Table 7]

Example 5 Table 8 shows that active vitamin D ₃ in plasma at the end of the test.
The measurement results of the concentration are shown. As a result, the addition of Ryukyu willow leaf to feed, although plasma activated vitamin D ₃ concentration with the increase of vitamin D ₃ content in the feed increased, contrary to 5 ° was added 1400 IU / kg Diminished.
On the other hand, in the 6-8 ° was added leaves luchuensis willow, plasma activated vitamin D ₃ concentration is measured in standard becomes 1.3 to 3.12 times the 4 wards became maximum (Table 9).

[Table 8]

[Table 9]

Example 6 The results of a breeding test using chicks showed that the growth was the same as when vitamin D ₃ was added by adding Ryukyu willow leaves, and the toe and tibial ash content was measured. All the results showed the same increase in the ash content as when vitamin D ₃ was added. In addition, the results of the measurement of the concentration of active vitamin D ₃ in plasma show that when 2.67% of Ryukyu willow leaves were added, vitamin D
₃ from the 1400IU / kg increase in activity vitamin D ₃ concentration in plasma greater than about three times the 5 wards added was shown, luchuensis willow leaf may have a strong activity vitamin D ₃ activity Was thought to be. On the other hand, in the 8th section where the plasma active vitamin D ₃ concentration was the highest, the rearing performance and the decrease in the ratio of tibial ash were shown. Therefore, the optimal addition amount of Ryukyu willow leaves to the chick development was 0.17. ~ 0.67
%. According to the AOAC method, vitamin D _{3 in} Ryukyu willow leaves was measured based on the results of toe ash measurement.
Activity was calculated. The following regression equation was calculated from the measurement results of the vitamin D ₃ content and toe ash content in the feed. 0 IU / kg <Vitamin D ₃ <1400 IU / kg Y = 9.7464 + 0.0078087X−0.0000036835X ² (R ² = 0.9
62) X: Vitamin D ₃ content in feed (IU / kg), Y: Toe ash ratio
(%) Table 10 shows the vitamin D ₃ activity of Ryukyu willow leaves calculated from the above regression equation. Vitamin D ₃ activity of Ryukyu willow leaves was 319,000 I in section 6 with 0.17% added.
In the 7 plots where U / kg and 0.67% were added, it was about 99,000 IU / kg. On the other hand, in the 8 ward where 2.67% was added, 0.666 IU
/ kg, indicating the effect of overfeeding Ryukyu willow leaves. In addition, the vitamin D ₃ activity of the leaves of Ryukyu willow was about 1/3 in section 7 compared to section 6. After calculating the 7th district and 8 district Ryukyu willow leaf vitamin D ₃ activity using the calculated vitamin D ₃ activity than 6 ° was added 0.17 percent of Ryukyu willow leaf, at 7 °, 2172 IU / kg, 8528IU / kg in 8 wards. In general, the maximum allowable level of vitamin D ₃ content in chicks is
The required amount (200 IU / kg) was 4 to 10 times (800 to 2000 IU / kg), and the decrease in Vitamin D ₃ activity in the 7th section compared to the 6th section was the same as in the 8th section. _It was thought that the effect of the overpaid of ₃ was strong. As a result, 300,000 IU / kg of Ryukyu willow leaves as vitamin D ₃
The above strong biological activity was clarified.

[Table 10]

Example 7 In this test, effects on eggshell quality were examined using old-aged laying hens. The test included a 60-week-old Decarb TX35
Using 60 birds, 10 birds per group were tested. The test feed is
Vitamin D ₃ were fed for four weeks a diet supplemented with vitamin D ₃ or Ryukyu willow leaf additive-free basal diet and vitamin D ₃ without addition basic feed. Ryukyu willow leaves were freeze-dried in the same manner as in Example 1, and the amount added was per dry matter. The measurement items were egg production rate, egg weight, feed intake, survival rate, eggshell strength, eggshell weight, eggshell thickness and eggshell weight per unit surface area of the eggshell. Eggshell weight per unit surface area (SWUSA; S hell w eight per u n
it s urface a rea) (mg / cm ² ) = (egg weight (g) x 1000) /
The surface area of eggshell (cm ²⁾ × 100 The surface area of the egg shell ^{(cm 2) = 3.9782 × EW} 0.7056 (EW; egg weight (g)) Note that the setting of the treated area below is the basal diet of vitamin D ₃ without addition Table 11 shows the compounding ratio of one section, and Table 12 shows the component values (design values). Process 1 ° vitamin D ₃ vitamin D ₃ additive-free basal diet 2 ° basal diet (350IU / kg added) 3 ° vitamin D ₃ in basal diet (700 IU / kg added) 4 ° vitamin D ₃ in basal diet (1400IU / kg Section 5 Ryukyu willow (225 IU / kg equivalent; 0.075% added to the basic feed) Section 6 Ryukyu willow (450 IU / kg equivalent; 0.15% added to the basic feed) Section 7 Ryukyu willow (900 IU added to the basic feed) Section 8 Ryukyu willow (1800 IU / kg equivalent; 0.60% added) Activity Note) Ryukyu willow leaf (lyophilized) estimated amount as 300,000 IU / kg (as vitamin D _3).

[Table 11]

[Table 12]

Example 8 Table 13 shows the results of egg laying results obtained when feeds containing various contents of vitamin D ₃ were added, and Table 14 shows the results obtained by adding Ryukyu willow leaves to a feed not containing vitamin D _3. The result was shown. When a diet containing vitamin D ₃ at various contents is fed, the egg production rate decreases as the vitamin D ₃ content decreases, and the degree of the decrease is 1% without vitamin D _3.
The ward was most pronounced. Since the difference in egg weight and feed intake was slightly, feed conversion ratio was deteriorated only the first district of vitamin D ₃ without addition. Therefore, it was shown that when the vitamin D ₃ content in the feed was 350 IU / kg or less, the egg-laying performance was significantly reduced.

[Table 13] On the other hand, in case of adding luchuensis willow leaf feed without vitamin D ₃ is spawning rate is 6 ° was added leaves luchuensis willow 0.15% is most excellent compared to other treatment group, There was almost no difference in the other treatment areas.
However, egg production than in the first district of vitamin D ₃ without addition in any of the treated group with the addition of leaves of Ryukyu willow was high. Egg weight is 0.30% of Ryukyu willow leaves
There was a tendency for the number of the added 7 sections to decrease as compared with the other sections to which the leaves of Ryukyu willow were added. The feed intake increased in the 6th section and the 8th section where the spawning rate was higher than in the 5th section and the 7th section, but the difference in the feed demand rate was hardly recognized in the treatment sections. Therefore, it was considered that there was almost no problem in spawning performance if Ryukyu willow leaves were added to the feed at 0.15% or more.

[Table 14]

Example 9 Table 15 shows the results of measurement of eggshell quality at the end of the test when vitamin D ₃ was added, and Table 16 shows the results when Ryukyu willow leaves were added. As a result, when vitamin D ₃ was added, the eggshell strength increased as the amount of vitamin D ₃ added was increased, and plateaued in the three sections where 700 IU / kg of vitamin D ₃ was added. On the other hand, eggshell thickness, eggshell weight per eggshell percentage and surface area became plateau second district where the vitamin D ₃ was added 350 IU / kg. On the other hand, eggshell strength when Ryukyu willow leaves are added, vitamin D when 0.15 to 0.30% is added
₃ exceeds 350 IU / kg, but exceeds 0.60
%, On the contrary, it was recognized that it worsened. The eggshell thickness, eggshell percentage and eggshell weight per unit surface area of the eggshell are:
It increased when the amount of Ryukyu willow leaves was increased, but it was recognized that adding 0.30% or more had no effect. Eggshell strength deteriorated when 0.60% of Ryukyu willow leaves were added, and eggshell thickness, eggshell ratio and eggshell weight per surface area did not increase even when 0.30% or more was added. The optimal amount of leaf added was found to be between 0.15 and 0.30%.

[Table 15]

[Table 16]

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Masayuki Tagami 4-4-17 Teraoka, Izumi-ku, Sendai, Miyagi F-term (reference) 2B005 DA02 DA05 JA04 LA02 LB02 LB05 MA01 MA05 MB09 2B150 AA05 AB09 AE02 CD30 CE07 CE09 DA43 DD40 DH04 DH14 DH19

Claims (4)

[Claims] Claims: 1. Ryukyu willow (Solanum glaucoph)
yllum) is a compound feed for poultry, comprising 0.15 to 0.30% by weight in terms of dry matter of leaves in the feed. 2. A method for improving eggshell quality by feeding poultry with a feed obtained by adding 0.15 to 0.30% by weight, in terms of dry matter, of Ryukyu willow leaves to the feed. 3. The feed according to claim 1, which is a feed for chicken, duck or quail. 4. A method of breeding poultry, wherein Ryukyu willow leaves are added to feed in an amount of 0.15 to 0.30% by weight in terms of dry matter, and the resulting mixture is used to breed poultry.