JP2001303746A - Fastening fitting and external wall application structure using it - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a fastening fitting having high durability against heavy load and high application efficiency, and an external wall application structure using the same. SOLUTION: This fastening fitting 1 is mounted between external wall boards vertically adjacent to each other to mount the external wall boards to a backing material. The fastening fitting 1 is composed of a fixing plate part 11 fixed to the backing material, a supporting part 12 stood from the fixed plate part 11 for supporting the external wall board, an upper board locking part 13 forwardly bent from the front edge part 121 for locking the upper external wall board, and a lower board locking part 14 downwardly bent for locking the lower external wall board. A hook claw 15 forwardly stood with respect to the fixed plate part 11 and bent backwardly at its tip part 151, is mounted on an upper part with respect to the supporting part 12, of the fixing plate part 11. The hook claw 15 is backwardly pressed in supporting the external wall board by the supporting part 12, and the tip part 151 is pierced to the backing material 3.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fastener for attaching an outer wall plate of a building to a base material and an outer wall construction structure using the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in an external wall construction structure of a building, there is a construction in which a plurality of external wall plates are joined up, down, left, and right. The joining of the outer wall plates is, for example, a joint joining in which the upper and lower sides are covered with a solid bottom (FIG. 9), and a left and right joining is a butting joint in which the side ends face each other with a predetermined gap.

[0003] At this time, a vertical joint material such as a hat joiner is used for the left and right butting joints, and a sealing material is filled from the surface side (see FIG. 5A). On the other hand, fastening fittings 9 as shown in FIG. That is, as shown in FIG. 9 and FIG.
3 and a support portion 912 that stands upright from the fixed plate portion 91 and supports the outer wall plate 920. From the front end of the support portion 912, an upper plate locking portion 913 bent upward to lock the lower end of the upper outer wall plate 920 and an upper end portion of the lower outer wall plate 920 bent downward. And a lower plate locking portion 914 for locking the lower plate.

The fixed plate 91 has a stepped portion 915 which is retreated backward at the upper end thereof, and has a bent portion 916 which is bent rearward at the lower end thereof. Further, a screw hole 917 for inserting a screw 94 fixed to the base material 93 is formed in the step portion 915.

[0005] As shown in FIG. 9, the fastening member 9 fixes the lower solid portion 922 of the lower outer wall plate 920 to the base material 93 by a lower plate locking portion 914, and the support portion 912. Thus, the upper outer wall plate 920 is supported and fixed to the base material 93. At this time, since the fastener 9 is covered by the solid portion 921 of the upper outer wall plate 920, it is not exposed on the surface of the outer wall.

Also, in the case where the outer wall plate 920 is joined in a four-way joint in which the outer wall plate 920 is joined not only in the vertical direction but also in the left and right directions, the fastener 9 similarly does not appear on the outer wall surface.

In recent years, in order to express a solid feeling, a natural feeling, and a luxury feeling of the outer wall, the outer wall is formed by casting.
There is an outer wall plate 92 having high formability (FIG. 10A). When such an outer wall plate 92 is used, as shown in FIG. In this case, as shown in FIGS. 10 (A) and 10 (B), if there is a gap 99 in the joint, the fastener 9 will be exposed on the outer wall surface from there. In particular, depending on the angle of incidence of the incident light, the fastener 9 may shine, impairing the design of the outer wall. In order to prevent this, FIG.
As shown in (B), it is necessary to contact and butt-join the upper and lower outer wall plates 92 so that no gap is formed between them.

[0008]

However, in this case, there are the following problems. That is, as shown in FIG.
If a gap 99 is provided between the upper and lower outer wall plates 92, each outer wall plate 92 is securely supported by the fastener 9 provided on the lower side. Therefore, the fastener 9
Only the load of the outer wall plate 92 immediately above it is applied.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG.
When the upper and lower outer wall plates 92 are brought into contact with each other, the upper outer wall plate 92 is supported by the lower outer wall plate 92. That is, the lower outer wall plate 92 receives the load of the upper outer wall plate 92 (arrow A in FIG. 11A). Therefore, the load applied to the fastener 9 supporting the lower outer wall plate 92 is not only the load on the upper outer wall plate 92 but also the load on the upper outer wall plate 92 (see FIG. 11 ( Arrow B) in B). When a large number of outer wall plates 92 are continuously contacted in the vertical direction, a very large load is accumulated and is applied to one fastener 92 (FIG. 11B).

At this time, as shown by an arrow B in FIG. 11B, a large downward force acts on the fastener 9 and a rotational moment about its lower end 918 acts on the fastener 9 so that the fastener 9 is rotated. A large force also acts on the direction in which the screw 94 fixing the metal fitting 9 is pulled out (arrow C). For this reason, there is a possibility that the fastener 9 may come off from the base material 93.

In particular, the outer wall plate 92 having a high formability as described above has a large thickness due to the necessity of engraving deeply, and has a high specific gravity and a large weight to impart strength to the real part.
The load applied to the fastener 9 also increases. Also,
To cope with this, it is conceivable to increase the fixing force by using a large number of screws 94, but in this case, there is a problem that the construction efficiency is reduced.

The present invention has been made in view of such conventional problems, and provides a fastener capable of sufficiently withstanding a large load and having excellent construction efficiency, and an outer wall construction structure using the same. What you want to do.

[0013]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fastener provided between upper and lower outer wall plates and for attaching the outer wall plate to a base material. A fixing plate portion fixed to the fixing plate portion by a fixing device, a support portion standing upright from the fixing plate portion and supporting the outer wall plate;
An upper plate locking portion which is bent upward from a front end of the support portion and locks a lower end portion of the upper outer wall plate; and an upper end portion of the lower outer wall plate which is bent downward from the front end of the support portion. A lower plate locking portion for locking, and a hook standing above the supporting portion of the fixed plate portion, rising forward of the fixed plate portion and bending its tip portion rearward. The hook is pushed rearward by the outer wall plate when the lower end of the outer wall plate is supported by the support portion while the lower end portion of the outer wall plate is locked by the upper plate locking portion. Is configured to pierce the base material.

The most remarkable point in the present invention is that the claw is provided on the fixed plate portion, and when the outer wall plate is supported by the support portion, the claw is pushed rearward and the tip is pushed. The portion is configured to pierce the base material. In this specification, the outside direction of the building is referred to as "forward", and the inside direction of the building is referred to as "rearward". Is referred to as “forward”, and the direction toward the inside of the building is referred to as “back”.

Next, the operation and effect of the present invention will be described.
When the outer wall plate is attached to the base material, for example, the fastener is used as follows. That is, first,
The fastener is fixed to the base material at the fixing plate portion by a fixing tool such as a screw or a nail. At this time, the fastener is fixed so that the upper end of the lower outer wall plate is locked by the lower plate locking portion (see FIG. 3).

Next, the lower end of the upper outer wall plate is supported by the support portion while being locked by the upper plate locking portion. That is,
The lower end portion of the outer wall plate is fitted into the recess formed by the fixing plate portion, the support portion, and the upper plate locking portion while sliding downward along the fixing plate portion. At this time, the claw formed so as to rise forward from the fixed plate portion is pushed rearward by the outer wall plate. This gives
The tips of the claws pierce the base material. And
With the claws stuck into the base material, the outer wall plate is fixed to the base material (see FIG. 4).

Therefore, the fastener is fixed to the base material by both the fastener and the claw, and can resist a downward load. Therefore, the above-mentioned fastener can withstand a large load. That is, for example, by butt-joining the outer wall plates in the vertical direction without any gap in order to improve the design, even when a load of a large number of outer wall plates is applied to a single fastener, it can sufficiently withstand. In addition, as described above, the claw is fitted by fitting the outer wall plate to the fastener.
Automatically pierces the base material. As a result, there is no need to take any special work during construction, and the construction efficiency is excellent.

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a fastener capable of sufficiently withstanding a large load and having excellent construction efficiency.

Next, as in the second aspect of the present invention, it is preferable that the claw rises forward and downward from the base end and bends the distal end backward and downward ( (See FIG. 3). Accordingly, when the lower end of the outer wall plate is fitted into the fastener, the claw is easily pushed rearward, and the tip end pierces the base material.

Next, as in the third aspect of the present invention, the claw may rise forward and upward from the base end, and may bend the distal end backward and downward ( See FIG. 6). Also in this case, when the lower end portion of the outer wall plate is fitted into the fastener, the claw is easily pushed backward, and the tip end pierces the base material.

[0021] Next, as in the invention according to claim 4, it is preferable that the tip of the claw is jagged (see Fig. 2). This allows the tip of the hook to easily and surely pierce the base material.

Next, according to the invention as set forth in claim 5, in the outer wall construction structure in which the outer wall plate is attached to the base material using the fastener of the present invention, the upper and lower outer wall plates are There is an outer wall construction structure characterized in that the outer wall construction structure is joined by butt-joining and is in contact with each other in front of the fastener.

As a result, a continuous outer wall surface can be obtained without forming a gap between the upper and lower outer wall plates, and an outer wall construction structure excellent in appearance design can be obtained. In addition, since there is no gap between the upper and lower outer wall plates, the fastener is not exposed on the outer wall surface, and the appearance is excellent.

Further, as described above, since the outer wall panels are continuously contacted with each other so as to be constructed, the load of a large number of outer wall panels may be accumulated and applied to one fastener.
However, since the fastener can withstand a large load as described above, there is no possibility that the fastener will come off the base material. Therefore, the outer wall construction structure can reliably maintain the construction state.

Further, when the outer wall construction structure is constructed, the hook of the fastener is automatically pierced into the base material.
Therefore, the outer wall construction structure is excellent in construction efficiency.
As described above, the external wall construction structure of the present invention can sufficiently withstand a large load and is excellent in construction efficiency.

Next, according to the present invention, the upper wall and the lower wall of the outer wall plate are connected to the upper plate locking portion or the lower plate locking portion of the fastener. It is preferable that a locking groove for stopping is formed. Accordingly, the lower end or the upper end of the outer wall plate can be easily and reliably locked to the upper plate locking portion or the lower plate locking portion of the fastener.

Next, as in the present invention, it is preferable that the base material is a plate-shaped lower ground material fixed to a structural body of a building. Thus, the fastening member can be easily and reliably fixed to the base material. In addition, since the fixing position of the fastener to the base material can be relatively freely determined, even when the area of one outer wall plate is small and a large number of outer wall plates need to be used, the above-described method can be easily performed. The outer wall plate can be constructed on the base material using the fasteners.

[0028]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS First Embodiment A fastener according to an embodiment of the present invention and an outer wall construction structure using the same will be described with reference to FIGS. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 (B), the fastener 1 of this embodiment is provided between the vertically adjacent outer wall plates 2 for attaching the outer wall plate 2 to the base material 3. .

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, the fastener 1 is fixed to the base material 3 by screws 4 as a fixing tool, and stands upright from the fixing plate 11. And a support portion 12 for supporting the outer wall plate 2. From the front end portion 121 of the support portion 12, an upper plate locking portion 13 bent upward to lock the lower end portion 21 of the upper outer wall plate 2, and an upper end portion of the lower outer wall plate 2 bent downward. 2
2 and a lower plate engaging portion 14 for engaging the lower plate 2.

Also, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, above the support portion 12 of the fixed plate portion 11, it rises forward from the fixed plate portion 11 and its front end 151 is directed rearward. A bent claw 15 is provided. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the hooks 15 are used when the lower end 21 of the outer wall plate 2 is supported by the support portion 12 while being locked by the upper plate locking portion 13. Is pushed backward by the rear surface of the base material 3 so that the tip 151 pierces the base material 3.

The fixed plate 11 is, as shown in FIG.
At the upper end portion, a step portion 115 is set back, and the lower end portion is bent rearward to provide a leg portion 116.
Thereby, a fixed gap can be provided between the outer wall plate 2 and the base material 3 to form the ventilation layer 36 (FIG. 5).
(B)).

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a screw hole 112 for inserting the screw 4 is provided substantially at the center of the fixed plate portion 11. The fixing plate portion 11 around the screw hole 112 is recessed rearward as shown in FIGS. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a through hole 117 is formed in the step portion 115, and a screw or a nail is inserted into the through hole 117 to fix the fastener 1 to the base material 3. You can also.

As shown in FIG. 1, the support portion 12, the upper plate locking portion 13, and the lower plate locking portion 14 are formed by cutting a part of the fixed plate portion 11 and bending it appropriately. Therefore, the fixed plate 1 below the support 12
1 has a lower opening 113 formed therein.

Similarly, the claw 15 is also fixed to the fixed plate 1.
It is formed by cutting a part of 1 and bending it appropriately. Therefore, an upper opening 114 is formed in the fixed plate portion 11 in the portion where the hook 15 is formed. Then, as shown in FIG. 3, in the upper opening 114, the bent portion 153 of the claw 15 is
1 and the front end 151 is fixed to the fixed plate 1
It is receding backward from 1.

That is, the claw 15 rises forward and downward from the base end 152, and bends the distal end 151 rearward and downward. Moreover, the tip part 151 of the said claw 15 is jagged as shown in FIG.

In attaching the outer wall plate 2 to the base material 3, the fastener 1 is used as follows. That is, first, as shown in FIG.
The base material 3 is fixed. That is, the screw 4 is inserted into the screw hole 112 of the fixing plate 11 and fixed to the base material 3.

At this time, the upper end portion 22 of the lower outer wall plate 2
Is fixed by the lower plate locking portion 14 to fix the fastening fitting 1. Upper end surface 2 of the outer wall plate 2
A locking groove 222 is formed in the groove 21, and the lower plate locking portion 14 is locked in the locking groove 222. At this stage, as shown in FIG. 3, the claw 15 has a bent portion 153 protruding forward from the fixed plate portion 11 and a tip portion 151 located behind the fixed plate portion 11. It is located ahead of the surface of the base material 3.

Next, as shown in FIG. 4, the lower end 21 of the upper outer wall plate 2 is supported by the support portion 13 while being locked by the upper plate locking portion 13. That is, as shown by an arrow E in FIG. 3, the outer wall plate 2 is slid downward from above along the fixed plate portion 11 so that the fixed plate portion 11 and the support portion 1 are slid.
2 and the recess 130 formed by the upper plate locking portion 13,
The lower end 21 of the outer wall plate 2 is fitted (FIG. 4).

At this time, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the claw 15 formed so as to rise forward from the fixed plate portion 11 is pushed rearward by the outer wall plate 2.
As a result, as shown in FIG. 4, the tip 151 of the hook 15 pierces the base material 3. Then, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5B, the outer wall plate 2 is fixed to the base material 3 with the hooks 15 piercing the base material 3.

Next, an outer wall construction structure 5 in which the outer wall plate 2 is attached to the base material 3 by using the fastener 1.
This will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5
As shown in (B), the upper and lower outer wall plates 2 are joined by butting and are in contact with each other in front of the fastener 1.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, on the upper end surface 221 and the lower end surface 211 of the outer wall plate 2, the upper plate engaging portion 13 or the lower plate engaging portion of the fastener 1 is provided. Locking grooves 222 and 212 for locking the locking member 14 are formed. As described above, the lower plate locking portion 14 is locked in the locking groove 222 of the lower outer wall plate 2, and the upper plate locking portion 13 is locked in the locking groove 212 of the upper outer wall plate 2. It is locked to.

The outer wall plate 2 is a ceramic outer wall plate formed by casting. The dimensions of the outer wall plate 2 are about 220 mm in length, 455 mm in width, and about 35 mm in thickness, and the weight is about 3.5 kg. Such outer wall plate 2
Can enhance the formability, the solid feeling of the outer wall,
A natural feeling and a sense of quality can be expressed.

The outer wall construction structure 5 of the present invention is shown in FIG.
As shown in (B), the building board 2 is fixed to a base material 3 which is a plate-like lower ground material fixed to a structural frame 30 of a building. That is, the base material 3 is fixed to the body edge 32 fixed to the structural frame 30 via the waterproof paper 31 by the nail 33 (FIG. 5A). The base material 3 is
The area is larger than the outer wall plate 2, and a plurality of sheets are continuously formed on the structural body 30 in the left-right direction.

As shown in FIG. 5 (A), each of the base materials 3 is joined right and left at a portion where the body edge 32 exists.
A hat joiner 34 is provided at the joint, and a sealing material 35 is cast from the front side. Then, as described above, the outer wall plate 2 is fixed to the base material 3 via the fastener 1. A ventilation layer 36 having a predetermined width is formed between the outer wall plate 2 and the base material 3.

As shown in FIG. 4, the hook 15 of the fastener 1 has the tip 151 pierced into the base material 3. That is, the fastener 1 is fixed to the base material 3 by the screws 4 and the claws 15 and resists a downward load. In addition, the outer wall plate 2
5A, as shown in FIG. 5A, are also butted and joined in the left-right direction.

Next, the operation and effect of this embodiment will be described. As described above, the fastener 1 has the hooks 15, and the tips 151 of the hooks 15 pierce the base material 3 when the outer wall plate 2 is installed. Then, with the claws 15 pierced into the base material 3,
Are fixed to the base material 3 (FIGS. 4 and 5).
(B)).

Therefore, the fastener 1 is fixed to the base material 3 by both the screw 4 and the claw 15 and can resist a downward load. Therefore, the fastener 1 can withstand a large load. In other words, the outer wall plate 2 is butt-joined in the vertical direction without any gap in order to improve the design, so that even when a load of a large number of outer wall plates 2 is applied to one fastener 1, it can sufficiently withstand. . In addition, the claw 15
As described above, the outer wall plate 2 is automatically pierced into the base material 3 by fitting the outer wall plate 2 into the fastener 1. As a result, there is no need to take any special work during construction, and the construction efficiency is excellent.

The hook 15 rises forward and downward from the base end 152, and bends the distal end 151 rearward and downward. Therefore, when the lower end portion 21 of the outer wall plate 2 is fitted into the fastener 1, the claw 15 is easily pushed backward, and the tip portion 151 pierces the base material 3.

Since the tip 151 of the claw 15 is jagged, it can easily and surely pierce the base material 3. Also, the lower end 21 of the outer wall plate 2 is
While being pushed into the recess 130. Therefore, even if there is some dimensional error, the lower end 21 of the outer wall plate 2 is sandwiched between the upper plate locking portion 13 and the hook 15 to prevent rattling in the front-rear direction. it can.

In the outer wall construction structure 5 of this embodiment,
There is no gap between the upper and lower outer wall plates 2 and a continuous outer wall surface can be obtained. Therefore, it is possible to obtain the outer wall construction structure 5 having excellent appearance design. In addition, since there is no gap between the upper and lower outer wall plates 2, the fastener 1 is not exposed on the surface of the outer wall, and the appearance is excellent in design.

Further, as described above, since the outer wall plates 2 are continuously contacted with each other so as to be constructed, the load of a large number of outer wall plates 2 may be accumulated and applied to one fastener 1. However, since the fastening 1 can withstand a large load as described above, there is no possibility that the fastening 1 comes off the base material 3. Therefore, the outer wall construction structure 5 can reliably maintain the construction state.

The upper and lower end surfaces 221 and 211 of the outer wall plate 2 are formed with the locking grooves 222 and 212, respectively. Therefore, the lower end portion 21 or the upper end portion 22 of the outer wall plate 2 can be easily and reliably locked to the upper plate locking portion 13 or the lower plate locking portion 14 of the fastener 1.

The base material 3 is a plate-shaped lower ground material fixed to the structural frame 30 of the building. Therefore, the fastener 1 can be easily and reliably fixed to the base material 3. Further, since the fixing position of the fastener 1 with respect to the base material 3 can be determined relatively freely, the area of one outer wall plate 2 is small and a large number of outer wall plates 2 are provided.
In the case where it is necessary to use the above, the outer wall plate 2 can be easily applied to the base material 3 by using the fastener 1.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to provide a fastener capable of sufficiently withstanding a large load and having excellent construction efficiency, and an outer wall construction structure using the same.

Embodiment 2 In this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the claw 15 rises forward and upward from the base end 152, and the distal end 151 is bent backward and downward. It is an example of a metal fitting 10 and an outer wall construction structure 50 using the same. Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment.

Also in this case, as shown by the arrow F in FIG. 6, when the lower end portion 21 of the outer wall plate 2 is fitted into the fastening member 10, the hook 150 is easily pushed backward,
The tip 151 penetrates the base material 3 (FIG. 7). Then, the screw 4 and the claw 1 are applied to the downward load of the outer wall plate 2.
50 and both. In addition, the third embodiment has the same functions and effects as the first embodiment.

[0057]

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a fastener capable of sufficiently withstanding a large load and having excellent construction efficiency, and an outer wall construction structure using the same.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a fastener according to a first embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a front view of a fastener in the first embodiment.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of a longitudinal section of a fastening fitting corresponding to a section taken along line DD of FIG. 2 and a construction method using the same in the first embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of the outer wall construction structure according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 5A is a diagram illustrating an outer wall construction structure according to the first embodiment.
Top view, (B) longitudinal sectional view.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory view of a vertical cross section of a fastener and a construction method using the same according to a second embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view of an outer wall construction structure according to a second embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a fastener in a conventional example.

FIG. 9 is a longitudinal sectional view of an external wall construction structure in a conventional example.

FIG. 10 (A) of an external wall construction structure in another conventional example.
The longitudinal section, (B) front view.

FIG. 11 (A) of an external wall construction structure in another conventional example.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram when a load is applied to a lower outer wall plate, and FIG. 7B is an explanatory diagram when a load is applied to a fastening member.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1,10. . . 10. fasteners, . . 11. fixed plate part, . . Bearing, 13. . . 13. upper plate locking portion; . . Lower plate locking part, 15,150. . . Claw, 151. . . 1. Tip, . . Outer wall plate, 21. . . Lower end, 22. . . Upper end, 3. . . Base material, 4. . . Screw (fixture), 5,50. . . Exterior wall construction structure,

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A fastening device which is disposed between upper and lower outer wall plates and which attaches the outer wall plate to a base material, the fastening device comprising a fixing plate portion fixed to the base material by a fixing device. A support portion that stands upright from the fixed plate portion and supports the outer wall plate, and an upper plate locking portion that is bent upward from a front end of the support portion and locks a lower end portion of the upper outer wall plate. A lower plate engaging portion which is bent downward from a front end portion of the support portion to engage an upper end portion of a lower outer wall plate, and which is provided above the support portion of the fixed plate portion. Claws are provided which stand forward from the fixed plate portion and have their tips bent rearward. The hooks engage the lower end of the outer wall plate with the upper plate locking portion. When the bearing is supported by the support portion, the support is pushed rearward by the outer wall plate, and A fastening fitting, wherein an end portion is configured to pierce the base material. 2. The fastener according to claim 1, wherein the hook is raised forward and downward from a base end, and the distal end is bent rearward and downward. 3. The fastener according to claim 1, wherein the claw is raised forward and upward from a base end, and the distal end is bent rearward and downward. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
The fastener according to claim 1, wherein a tip portion of the hook is jagged. 5. An outer wall construction structure in which the outer wall plate is attached to the base material using the fastener according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the upper and lower outer wall plates are butt-joined. An outer wall construction structure, wherein the outer wall construction structure is joined to the front wall of the outer wall and is in contact with each other in front of the fastener. 6. The outer panel according to claim 5, wherein the upper wall and the lower wall of the outer wall plate are provided with the upper plate locking portion of the fastener.
Alternatively, an outer wall construction structure wherein a locking groove for locking to the lower plate locking portion is formed. 7. The external wall construction structure according to claim 5, wherein the base material is a plate-shaped lower ground material fixed to a structural body of a building.