JP2001261460A - Method for manufacturing high-temperature and high- pressure vessel, high-temperature and high-pressure container or the like - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for manufacturing a container, heat exchanger, engine, or the like, each of which is durable under corrosive, high-temperature and high-pressure environmental conditions, from a composite material using as its constituent materials a metallic material and a ceramic material. SOLUTION: This method is used for manufacturingg a high-temperature and high-pressure composite vessel (or container) consisting of a ceramic material placed of the inner side and steel 3 placed on the outer side, and for example, comprises: casting a fused ceramic material 2 into a space between the inner side ceramic material and the outer side steel 3 preheated to 1,000 deg.C, in such a state that the space is vacuum-evacuated from the opposite side to a casting port in order to uniformly cast the fused ceramic material 2; or in the above process, further, while rotating the preheated outer side steel 3, bonding the fused ceramic material 2 to the steel 3 being in a thermally expanded state, by the centrifugal force; or preheating the outer side steel 3, placing an inner cylinder 1 (core) for controlling the fusion bonding and thickness of an inner side ceramic material 2, casting the fused inner side ceramic material 2 into the space between the inner cylinder 1 and the outer side steel 3 in such a state that the space is vacuum-evacuated while applying centrifugal force to the fused ceramic material 2 by rotating the outer side steel 3, and finally, removing the inner cylinder 1 from the thus formed body.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present invention uses a metal material and a ceramic material, makes use of the advantages of each other's materials, compensates for the drawbacks, and withstands the high temperature and high pressure of the tank (container) to the utmost.
The method is intended to be applied to engine parts and the like, and is a manufacturing method in which a gap between a metal material and a ceramic is not generated regardless of temperature and pressure. In this way, to reduce corrosion factors (components, heat treatment, surface conditions) on the metal side and the conditions on the liquid (gas) side, so that the solution (gas) side is resistant to corrosion and welds ceramic. It is.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A method of integrating metal and ceramic is as follows.
In general, the thermal spraying method has a ceramic thickness of a few millimeters, which is inconvenient for equipment that is commonly used at high temperatures and high pressures.

[0003] In order to take advantage of the characteristics of ceramics, the combination with metal may be made of metal clips or O-rings to keep screws or seals at places where the pressure difference and temperature difference between the metal and ceramic are small even at high temperature and high pressure. I'm using

On the other hand, as for containers and the like, at present, an outer cylinder is attached to a ceramic to protect it.
Although these are devised, they are not suitable for places where there is a large difference between temperature and pressure in a high-temperature, high-pressure tank (vessel).

[0005]

When a liquid or a gaseous substance in a pressure vessel or a vessel is treated by a subcritical or supercritical apparatus, the pressure and temperature differences become large and the vessel (vessel) is subjected to stress, especially thermal stress. In the case of metal, tensile stress or compressive stress acts on the metal, and stress concentration occurs locally.

[0006] Under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure, the metal material is destroyed and the parts in contact with the liquid or gas used are ductile fracture, brittle fracture, creep fracture, and fatigue fracture. You.

[0007] In particular, a metal causes other unnecessary chemical reactions in a metallic environment due to poor use conditions (high temperature and high pressure) and liquid and gas components in contact with the metal, thereby causing corrosion. In particular, there is wet corrosion among corrosion, and as local corrosion, c
As the corrosion proceeds, stress corrosion cracking and intergranular corrosion occur. In addition, during dry eating, hydrogen attack as oxidation or gas corrosion,
Hot sulfidation occurs. Deterioration or destruction of the metal material is caused by the selection of the material to be used and the liquid (gas) used such as decomposition and evaporation.

Various types of liquid or gaseous corrosion media, such as HCl, benzene, sodium hydroxide, and the like, are subject to grain boundary cracking, poor grain cracking, and corrosion at higher temperatures and pressures.

In order to select a material suitable for the material, stress, and environment (temperature, pressure, liquid, gas used) for these metal materials, periodic inspections, such as aging diagnosis, not at the present stage, are carried out. Repairs or replacements.

In particular, in order to prevent deterioration due to chemical components, pressure and temperature, a material resistant to the reaction of chemical components should be selected. A manufacturing method that uses metal materials to maintain strength (withstands pressure and temperature heat), infiltrate in a vacuum state with a ceramic melted on the inner surface, and reduce factors affecting the material such as stress corrosion cracking due to chemical resistance components Is to be solved by the present invention.

The critical phenomena that have become common knowledge today are 19
Discovered by the British scientist Andrews in the middle of the century, but a century and a half later, the unique fluid properties near the critical point melt into the limelight, and the process of applying it is a book SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
As explained in 10 above, in the field of high-temperature and high-pressure fluid technology, extraction and separation of vegetable ingredients from natural products Treatment of organic waste by hydrothermal oxidative decomposition method Combination of plastic materials for polymer batteries Although there are many uses for development and the like, the subject of the present invention is a high-temperature high-pressure tank (vessel).

[0012]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, in the present invention, a subcritical or supercritical liquid or gas is thermally decomposed in a high-temperature high-pressure tank (vessel). In the device that generates the above, general steel is used for the strength leakage pressure resistance and heat-resistant structure. Ceramics are used to prevent corrosion and stress cracking due to chemical reactions due to heat and pressure at the parts where liquids and gases used for processing are in contact.

In order to attach ceramics to general steel, it is the most difficult for conventional methods to weld ceramics when the temperature difference between high and high pressures is large and the pressure difference is large. In the present invention, the thickness of the ceramic is maintained, there is no gap with the steel, and the ceramic is not damaged even at high temperature and high pressure.

First, when the liquid (gas) portion is inside, the outer steel is preheated to a temperature of about 1000 ° C. to expand the metallic material while the ceramics (silicon carbide, molybdenum, silicon, carbon, alumina, glass , Magnesium). In the case of infiltrating ceramics, the thickness and the material are uniformly flowed, so that the material is flowed evenly from the opposite side of the injection port.

When pouring ceramics, in order to maintain a uniform thickness and to make the material uniform, the heated steel is rotated in a vacuum state, and the ceramic is welded to the thermally expanded environment of the steel by centrifugal force.

Another method is to heat the outer steel, provide an inner cylinder for welding the ceramic and control the thickness on the inner side, and rotate the melted ceramic between the outer and inner cylinders in a vacuum state by rotary centrifugation or stationary. Pour in the state.

In any case, when cooled, the outer metal is compressed inward with cooling, and when the inner cylinder is used to control the thickness of the ceramic, the dimensions are controlled so that the ceramic surface appears by cutting.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, the side on which the external metal material is inserted is dimensionally controlled without unevenness, and the surface is polished. on the other hand,
Ceramics incorporated inside polish the surface in contact with metal without unevenness.

In this method, the steel is heated to about 1000 ° C. to 1200 ° C. for shrink fitting, thermally expanded, and the ceramic (normal temperature) is pressurized in consideration of the expansion allowance for shrink fitting dimension control. inject.

By cooling the vessel (vessel), the ceramic and steel are brought into a press-bonded state without any gap, and even under conditions of high temperature and high pressure (eg, 650 ° C. subcritical, critical state), acid resistance, alkali resistance, It can withstand temperature and pressure.

In claim 4, a ceramic vessel (container) is incorporated on the inner and outer surfaces, and a gap between the ceramics and the ceramics forms a space capable of withstanding the strength pressure, into which a molten metal having a temperature of about 1300 to 1400 ° C. is poured. By manufacturing (container), it is possible to maintain strength with metal and prevent corrosion factors due to chemical components such as acid and alkali with ceramics,
It also has an effect of preventing stress corrosion cracking.

[0022]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Metal and ceramic tanks (containers)
As described above, etc., as described above, they are conventionally manufactured and used.
Withstands pressure difference between 200 ° C and 200 ° C or higher. Corrosion resistance of chemical components such as acids and alkalis, hydrochloric acid resistance, anti-corrosion resistance, withstands intergranular corrosion and stress corrosion cracking, etc. The problem has not been solved even now. To solve this problem, a method for producing metal and ceramics was used.

Under the conditions of subcritical or supercritical conditions of high temperature and high pressure, the liquid or gaseous substance to be treated has a myriad of factors on the medium side of the gas due to solution or decomposition. And the tank (container) is difficult. In order to make use of the features of the metal and the features of the ceramics, the metal is heated at about 1000 to 1200 ° C. and thermally expanded as the present manufacturing method. (However, the temperature for treating liquid etc. is 700 ° C)

Since the inside and the space between the guide cylinders and the like are poured into the external high-temperature metal tank (vessel) while maintaining a vacuum state, the ceramic solution can be poured uniformly and the thickness can be secured.

By rotating the whole after pouring in the molten ceramic, the adhesion efficiency to the metal is improved more densely. After cooling, remove the guide tube for pouring the ceramics.

For this reason, the metal corrosion factor was protected by ceramics, and was able to withstand corrosion resistance consisting of an aqueous solution or a non-aqueous solution (salts) as a molten salt and a chemical gas. Since the structure withstands the pressure resistance of metal, it can cope with corrosion pressure and heat resistance. This method can solve corrosion resistance, heat resistance and pressure resistance because of the manufacturing method that does not make a gap between metal and ceramics.

[0027]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The apparatus described above first withstands a metal (general steel pipe) at a pressure of 250 atm and a temperature of 650 ° C. Fifteen
A steel pipe of 0A was selected and the length was set to 2.5 meters (the finished product was 2.0 meters).

In order to pour the high temperature solution of ceramics into the metal inner surface, a guide inner cylinder is incorporated, and the ceramics are poured in from below through a vacuum pump (−650 to 700 mAg) while suction is applied. Keep the meat.

By rotating the whole body 1800 to 3600 rotations in a state where the ceramic is melted in a high temperature state of the outer metal, the metal adheres to the outer metal by centrifugal force at the same time as the metal is cooled and contracted, and the air is also separated and uniform. Ceramics adhered. Thereafter, the guide tube and the like are deleted.

On the other hand, a tank (container) was made of a combination of ceramics and steel on the upper and lower flange surfaces. For this reason, it is believed that subcritical to supercritical liquids and gas bodies suitable for pressure resistance, heat resistance, and corrosion resistance have been treated for harmful substances.

[0031]

【The invention's effect】

[Table 1]

Under the same conditions of high temperature and high pressure as described above, A was made of conventional steel B, and was manufactured and manufactured by the invention tank. The water pressure test was conducted at room temperature. After that, the PCB was selected from the organochlorine compounds, and the toxicity was selected. As shown in the table, the conventional product A was corroded 10 times for 100 hours and the pressure was not applied. Each time the pressure was increased, the pressure was reduced, and it could not be used as a tank (container) at 150 hours, resulting in a failure.
On the other hand, although the total weight of the product of the present invention B was increased, even if it was used for 150 hours, it did not show any change and was effective, so it is convinced that it was an invention of a new tank (container).

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a process diagram of a ceramic injection method of the present invention.

[Fig. 2] Configuration diagram of manufacturing method of high-temperature high-pressure tank (container)

[Explanation of symbols]

 1. Ceramic 2. Molten ceramic Steel

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A composite material of a metal, a material and a ceramic, a metal on the outside and a ceramic on the inside is manufactured, and the tank or pressure vessel withstands high temperature and high pressure, and is resistant to acid, alkali and reaction gas. A method for producing a high-temperature high-pressure tank, a heat exchanger, an engine part, or the like, which is resistant to corrosion, thinning, and stress. 2. A high-temperature and high-pressure tank, which is made of a material such as silicon carbide, molybdenum, silicon, carbon, alumina, glass, and magnesium. The inside of the tank is filled. In order to eliminate the gap between the contact parts of different materials inside and outside, which are resistant to heat, the outside metal material is heated to high temperature by welding the contacted high temperature silicon carbide, molybdenum, silicon, carbon, alumina, glass and magnesium to the outside metal material. And a method of infiltrating silicon carbide, molybdenum, or the like, which has been contacted in a vacuum state. 3. The ceramic of the inner tank is polished for unevenness on the surface, and the outer tank (container) is also polished for unevenness. When incorporating the inner and outer tanks, a manufacturing method characterized by heating the metal as the outer tank, inserting the inner tank, and shrink-fitting. 4. An inner tank and an outer tank are made of ceramics each other. The inner and outer tanks maintain a space between the inside and the outside, and have a size capable of withstanding pressure and temperature, and a high temperature formed by melting metals at about 1400 ° C.
A method for producing a high-pressure tank.