JP2001255533A - Liquid crystal display device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a liquid crystal display device of an active matrix driving method which operates at a high speed, has a wide viewing angle and is inexpensive. SOLUTION: The device includes a pair of first and second substrates (501, 502) disposed facing each other, a pair of pixel electrode (511) and a counter electrode (512) disposed facing each other between the substrates, first and second alignment layers (504, 505) disposed between the electrodes and on the pixel electrode, a third alignment layer (504) disposed between the electrodes and facing the first and second alignment layers, and a liquid crystal layer (503), containing liquid crystal molecules and held between the first and second alignment layers and the third alignment layer. The first alignment layer has a function of aligning the liquid crystal molecules nearly perpendicular with respect to the interface, and the second alignment layer has a function of aligning the liquid crystal molecules nearly parallel with respect to the interface.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device, and more particularly to an active matrix drive type liquid crystal display device used for office information equipment.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Many liquid crystal display devices have been proposed as display devices for information displays. Conventionally, the TN method (Twisted Nematic) and the STN method (Auper
Twisted Nematic; see JP-A-60-107020)
A liquid crystal display system using a nematic liquid crystal as a representative is widely used. Further, these liquid crystal display systems have an advantage that a display panel which is thin and consumes significantly less power can be realized as compared with a display using a CRT (Cathode Ray Tube). In particular, the TN method uses a TFT
(Thin Film Transistor) It is excellent in compatibility with an active matrix driving method using an element or the like, and is widely used for high definition and high display performance displays.

However, in order to realize bright and dark display, the vertical and horizontal change of the liquid crystal array which is uniform in a plane is used. Therefore, in the case of the intermediate brightness display, the appearance of the liquid crystal array which is obliquely raised (that is, optically visible). The characteristics vary depending on the observation azimuth, which causes a problem (display narrow viewing angle) in which the display brightness and the color specification fluctuate depending on the azimuth.

As a liquid crystal display method having a wide display viewing angle, a display method using no polarizing plate, for example, a guest-host method (Journal of Applied Physics (J.A.
ppl.Phys.), 45, 4718-4723 (197
4 years)) and PDLC (Polymer Dispersed Liqu
id Crysta1; see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-83519). However, display performance is disadvantageous in that the contrast ratio is low, and in the case of the PDLC method, the direct-view transmittance is low. ing. In addition, in combination with the active matrix driving method, the guest / host method has poor pixel potential holding characteristics, and the PDLC method uses the element in a high temperature and intense light irradiation state in a projection method. Therefore, the characteristics of the driving element are likely to be unstable, and have not been put to practical use.

As another liquid crystal display system using a polarizing plate and having a wide display viewing angle, a display system using a ferroelectric liquid crystal material or an antiferroelectric liquid crystal material is known. However, since these materials have a huge spontaneous polarization, the amount of charge to be supplied at the time of driving is large, and the amount of charge to be moved at the time of display switching is also large. Therefore, stable image display by the active matrix driving method is difficult.

As one of the liquid crystal display systems which use a polarizing plate and have a wide display viewing angle and are compatible with an active matrix driving system, an IPS system (In-Plane Switching; Applied Physics Letter (Appl. Phys. Let)
t.), Volume 22, pages 165-167 (1973))
Has been devised. In this system, the display viewing angle is widened by restricting the direction of movement of the liquid crystal array within a substantially plane. For this purpose, a comb-shaped electrode must be provided to generate a driving electric field parallel to the plane of the substrate. For this reason, the problem that the pixel effective area is small (the aperture ratio is low) occurs.

As another liquid crystal display system, a pixel division type VA is used.
(Vertical Alignment) method (Japanese Journal of Applied Physics (Jpn. J. App1.
phys.), volume 31, pages L1603 to L1605 (199).
2)) has been devised.

[0008] The operating principle of the VA system is as follows. As the liquid crystal material, a material having a negative dielectric anisotropy is used. The liquid crystal layer is provided between two orthogonal polarizing plates. When no voltage is applied, the liquid crystal array assumes a vertical alignment state. The light propagates in the liquid crystal layer without changing its polarization state, and is cut off at the time of emission to obtain a dark display. When a vertical electric field is applied, the liquid crystal is oriented in a direction perpendicular to the electric field and assumes a tilted arrangement.
The light changes its polarization state while propagating in the liquid crystal layer, and at the time of emission, a transmission component is generated to obtain a bright display. Further, in the pixel division type VA system, by setting a plurality of orientations at which the liquid crystal array falls and providing means for guiding the liquid crystal molecules to the orientation, various arrangements can be seen from any observation orientation. The optical properties of the liquid crystal layer are compensated at the alignment level. In addition, since this method does not use torsional deformation and relatively low elasticity of the entire nematic liquid crystal, it can quickly return to the initial alignment when the voltage is turned off, and can perform high-speed display. Further, a rubbing treatment is not required for the initial alignment operation of the liquid crystal, and there is no concern about deterioration of the element due to static electricity or reduction in voltage holding characteristics due to contamination of the substrate.

As a technique for controlling the liquid crystal to fall to a predetermined direction, a method of providing alignment layers having different alignment directions in a pixel (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 03-150530), a method of providing unevenness on upper and lower interfaces of a pixel portion. A method of inductively aligning liquid crystals in the direction of the slope (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 05-173142), and a method of providing slits in upper and lower electrodes of a pixel portion and aligning liquid crystals with an inclined electric field at an electrode end (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 06-43461). No.), and a combination of these technologies is disclosed.
The latter two methods have been put to practical use from the viewpoint of ease of production.

[0010]

In order to realize stable alignment division in the pixel division type VA system, alignment region division means are provided at two ends of the division region, preferably at opposite positions. In the liquid crystal alignment induced by the above, it is necessary to align the tilt directions with respect to the substrate. In order to satisfy this requirement, in the prior art, one of the dividing means is placed on the upper substrate and the other is placed on the lower substrate, and when viewed in a cell cross section, the dividing means are alternately positioned at both ends of the divided region. Had to be configured. FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a cell illustrating this configuration. FIG. 1A shows a configuration using a slit method, and FIG. 1B shows a configuration using a concavo-convex method. As shown in FIG. 1, both types of liquid crystal display elements include a pair of substrates 1 opposed to each other, a pair of electrodes 2 opposed to each other, and a pair of alignment layers 3 opposed to each other. Between the layers 3 there are liquid crystal molecules 5
Is held. At the center of the electrode 2, two orientation division regions 6 surrounded by broken lines are divided and formed. In FIG. 1, even if the slits at arbitrary positions and the concavities and convexities are exchanged, the obtained orientation division effect is the same.

The configuration of the prior art utilizes the effect of inducing a liquid crystal array that spreads radially around the installation area when viewed from the cell cross section, when viewed from the cell cross section. In the case of the slit method shown in FIG. 1A, the direction of a fringe field generated from the slit 7 is perpendicular and radially spread from the electrode in the vicinity of the slit, so that the liquid crystal molecules 5 are perpendicular to the slit. Attempts to arrange the electrodes on both sides. This is a radial arrangement when viewed from the center of the slit. In the case of the concavo-convex method shown in FIG. 1B, since a vertical alignment regulating force acts on the slope of the projection 8 with the alignment layer, a radial array is induced around the vertical direction.

As described above, in the prior art, a patterning step for providing some kind of alignment region dividing means on both substrates, especially the upper substrate, is required. In comparison, it was disadvantageous in terms of manufacturing yield and cost. Further, in the case of the slit method, there is a problem that the sheet resistance of the upper electrode increases.

However, even if two division means are provided only on the lower substrate in the conventional art, division of the orientation region cannot be realized. FIG. 2A is a schematic cross-sectional view of a cell for explaining this phenomenon in the case of the slit method, and FIG. As shown in FIG. 2, both types of liquid crystal display elements are:
The liquid crystal display device includes a pair of substrates 1 opposed to each other, a pair of electrodes 2 opposed to each other, and a pair of alignment layers 3 opposed to each other. Is held. In either method, the inclination of the induced alignment is reversed at both ends of the alignment division region 6, and the alignment defect 9 appears at the center of the division region. Note that FIG.
In FIG. 7A, the slit 7 is used as the alignment dividing means outside the region.

FIG. 3 is an observation example of a pixel in which an alignment defect has appeared. An X-shaped slit was formed in a rectangular pixel electrode, and an attempt was made to form an orientation division region in four triangular shapes (up, down, left, and right), but two or four dark lines appeared in a band shape in each region.

An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide an inexpensive active matrix driving type liquid crystal display device having a wide viewing angle at a high speed.

[0016]

In order to solve the above problems and achieve the object, a liquid crystal display device of the present invention is configured as follows.

A liquid crystal display device according to the present invention comprises a pair of first and second substrates arranged to face each other, an electrode patterned and arranged on the first substrate side, and a second electrode arranged on the electrodes. A first alignment layer, and a liquid crystal layer including liquid crystal molecules held between the first and second substrates, wherein the first alignment layer includes the liquid crystal molecules and the liquid crystal layer. This first
Having the ability to align substantially perpendicular to the interface with the alignment layer, wherein the second alignment layer causes the liquid crystal molecules to be substantially parallel to the interface between the liquid crystal layer and the second alignment layer. Has the ability to orient.

The liquid crystal display device of the present invention realizes a pixel division type VA system capable of high-speed and high viewing angle display only by providing an alignment region dividing means on one substrate. The principle of the orientation division according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

According to the structure of the present invention, the pixel electrode 404 on the substrate 402 with the driving element disposed opposite to the substrate 401, that is, the pixel electrode 404 disposed opposite to the electrode 403 is provided independently. Adjacent pixel electrodes are provided in the same layer around the gate electrode, and a gate line electrode, a signal line electrode, and, if necessary, an auxiliary capacitance electrode and the like are provided in a lower layer therearound (none of them is shown). These electrode potentials are set independently. Therefore, the pixel electrode peripheral portion 40
8, the electric field due to the potential difference from other electrodes (Fringe F
ield), which can be used as an electrode slit portion which is one of the alignment region dividing means. A linear projection (rib) 409 is provided on the other boundary of the orientation division region as an interface uneven portion serving as the other region division means. However, unlike the alignment layer 405 that covers the other region, the rib has a regulating force for aligning the liquid crystal molecules 407 in parallel. Therefore, the liquid crystal has an arrangement surrounding the slope and has the same inclination as the arrangement at the periphery of the pixel, so that the uniform arrangement is stabilized in each region on both sides of the protrusion, and the division of the alignment region is realized.

In order for the ribs to have a regulating force for aligning the liquid crystal in parallel, it is only necessary to form the ribs from a general resin material which does not have a liquid crystal vertical alignment ability. In the VA method, the parallel orientation treatment such as rubbing is not performed, so that the plane orientation of the liquid crystal orientation is not generally determined. However, according to the configuration of the present invention, the electrode slit portion having an alignment regulating force stronger than the rib is formed by the electrode. Since the plane direction is determined as the direction crossing the side, if the rib ridge line and the electrode side are arranged other than orthogonal, for example, the liquid crystal alignment in the direction along the rib is suppressed.

The steps of forming a rib for arranging liquid crystals in parallel and an alignment layer for vertically arranging liquid crystals on each pixel electrode include forming an alignment layer on the entire surface of the substrate and then patterning the ribs. After forming the alignment layer on the entire surface following pattern formation, various processes such as removing the alignment layer on the ribs can be considered, but from the viewpoint of ease of production, a material that repels the alignment layer material is preferably used as the rib material. It is.
In this case, when forming the rib pattern, if the height is made higher by the thickness of the alignment layer than before, the rib of the desired shape is naturally exposed by forming the vertical alignment layer continuously. If necessary, a lubricant may be selectively applied onto the ribs, and then an alignment layer may be formed, and the orientation layer may be removed by heating or washing.

In order to realize stable orientation division, the height of the rib exposed portion is 1 to 1.5 μm, a ridge is formed at the center, and the taper angle of the slope is 25 ° to 30 ° or more. Desirably.

The liquid crystal display device of the present invention eliminates a factor of lowering of luminance which is peculiar to the active matrix liquid crystal display device of the pixel-mounted type. In the case of an overlaid type pixel, an auxiliary electrode is required to electrically connect the pixel to a driving element provided in a lower layer, but this electrode is required to have high conductivity, and is usually formed as a metal film. . Therefore, the area immediately above cannot be used for display. Furthermore, in order to suppress the parasitic capacitance generated around the driving element, it is desirable that the gate line electrode is disposed apart from electrodes (pixel electrodes, auxiliary capacitance electrodes, etc.) other than the signal line electrodes which need to be orthogonal, In that case, there is a possibility that a linear routing portion is generated in the auxiliary electrode. According to the present invention, by providing the linear routing portion directly below the alignment region boundary generated on the pixel, it is possible to avoid the generation of a new non-display region due to the addition of the auxiliary electrode.

According to the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, the display luminance can be further increased. Using a photoreactive resin, etc.
The columnar spacer can be selectively formed in the non-pixel portion, and the generation of a new non-display area, which always occurs when a method of spraying small spheres made of resin or the like on a substrate, which is a conventional mainstream technology, is avoided. . Further, in the case of the configuration of the present invention, each side of the columnar spacer is set in parallel with the adjacent pixel, and an alignment layer for obtaining a vertical alignment of liquid crystal is formed after the columnar spacer is formed in the initial state, thereby forming the columnar spacer. Can generate a horizontal alignment regulating force with respect to the substrate from each surface, and can further improve the uniformity of arrangement at the periphery of the pixel.

[0025]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

First, a first embodiment will be described. FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a liquid crystal display device according to an embodiment of the present invention. The liquid crystal display device according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a pair of lower substrates (transparent substrates) 501 and upper substrates 502 facing each other. A liquid crystal layer 503 having a negative dielectric anisotropy is sealed between the two substrates 501 and 502.
A first alignment layer 504 and a second alignment layer 505 are provided at an interface between the liquid crystal layer 503 and the substrates 501 and 502. The second alignment layer 505 is a linear projection (rib) as shown in FIG. Further, a pair of polarizing plates 506 and 507 are arranged so as to sandwich both substrates 501 and 502.

On the lower substrate 501, a matrix of driving elements and gate line electrodes (not shown), an insulating layer 508
, A signal line electrode 509 is provided, and a number of pixel electrodes 511 are provided thereon via another insulating layer 510. On each pixel electrode 511, a second alignment layer (parallel alignment layer) 505 having a parallel alignment is provided in a linear shape (band shape), and the remaining region is a first alignment layer (a vertical alignment layer) having a vertical alignment. ) 504 is covered. A uniform counter electrode 512 is provided on the upper substrate 502, and a first alignment layer 504 having vertical alignment covers the outermost surface.

FIG. 6 is a plan view of a liquid crystal display device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along the line AA 'shown in FIG. On the lower transparent substrate, a plurality of gate line electrodes 601 extending in one direction and a plurality of signal line electrodes 602 extending in a direction orthogonal to the one direction are formed via a first insulating layer 508. Have been. A driving element 603 is formed in the lowermost layer near the intersection of the two, and the insulating layer 508 is removed at the intersection between one terminal 603a of the driving element and the signal line electrode 602. Further, an auxiliary capacitance electrode 604 is formed at the same height as the gate line electrode 601. Covering all of them, the second insulating layer 510
Is formed thereon, and the pixel electrode 605 is further formed thereon in a lattice shape. The pixel electrode 605 and the other terminal 603b of the driving element are connected via an auxiliary electrode 606.
As for the auxiliary capacitance, a capacitance is formed at two places: an overlapping portion of the auxiliary capacitance electrode 604 and the pixel electrode 605, and a laminated portion composed of the auxiliary capacitance electrode and a lower dielectric layer and a semiconductor layer. I have. The auxiliary electrode 606 has the same height as the signal line electrode 602, and the second insulating layer 5 of the auxiliary electrode connection pad 606 a which is an overlapping portion with the pixel electrode 605.
10, and the second insulating layer 508 of the connection pad 606b of the auxiliary electrode which is an overlapping portion with the auxiliary capacitance electrode 604 is removed.

The second insulating layer 510 may be made of a transparent material, or may be a colored layer such as RGB or CMY for each pixel to form a color filter. When a color display element is manufactured using a transparent material, a color filter is separately provided on the upper substrate.

The thick broken line pattern that vertically crosses the pixel is the second pattern.
The planar shape of the linear projection as the alignment layer 504 is lowered.

The dashed arrow outside the margin indicates the lower polarizing plate 50.
6, and the solid arrow indicates the optical axis direction of the upper polarizing plate 507.

Hereinafter, a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described.

On a glass substrate having a thickness of 0.7 mm, a matrix drive element, a gate line electrode, a signal line electrode, an auxiliary inspection electrode and an auxiliary electrode were formed. FIG. 10A shows a planar arrangement of a driving element, a gate line electrode, and an auxiliary capacitance electrode.
FIG. 10B shows a planar arrangement of the signal line electrode and the auxiliary electrode, respectively.

Photosensitive resin CSP-S mixed with green pigment
011 was formed to a thickness of 3 μm, and this was patterned into the shape of the mask light-transmitting portion 702 in FIG. Note that a broken line in FIG. 7 is a shape in which a pixel electrode is to be formed, and 701 is a light shielding portion. The mask light-transmitting portion 702 repeatedly appears at a cycle three times as large as the pixel horizontal direction cycle. A photosensitive resin CSP-S011 (product name, Fuji Film Ohlin) mixed with a blue pigment was formed to a thickness of 3 μm, and this was patterned into the shape of the mask light transmitting portion 702 in FIG. 7B. A photosensitive resin CSP-S011 mixed with a red pigment was formed to a thickness of 3 μm, and this was patterned into the shape of the mask light transmitting portion 702 in FIG. 7C.

Transparent photosensitive resin CSP-S011 was used in 4.1.
A thickness of μm was formed, and this was patterned at a rate of one for every four pixels into a shape of a hook-and-loop portion shown in FIG. 8 to form a columnar spacer 801. 100 nm of ITO (indium tin oxide) was deposited, and this was patterned into the shape of a broken line shown in FIG. 7 to form a pixel electrode. On top of this,
After forming a fluorinated photosensitive acrylic resin to a thickness of 1.5 μm and patterning it into the shape of a rope portion shown in FIG. 9, a rib 505 with a ridgeline was formed at the center by embossing. A vertical alignment layer of RN-1204 (product name, Nissan Chemical) was formed on the outermost surface to a thickness of 75 nm. At this time,
No vertical alignment layer was formed on the rib 505 formed earlier.

On another glass substrate, ITO was
After the deposition, a vertical alignment layer of RN-1204 was formed on the outermost surface to a thickness of 75 nm.

An adhesive layer having a width of 1 mm was formed around the substrate, and after bonding both substrates together, a liquid crystal material MLC-2039 (product name, Merck) having negative dielectric anisotropy was sealed. A pair of polarizing plates was attached to the outside of the substrate so that the optical axes were arranged in the margins shown in FIG. 6, thereby producing a liquid crystal display device according to Example 1 of the present invention.

When an image signal was input to this device at a maximum signal amplitude of 4 V, a high viewing angle color display with a transmission luminance ratio of 7% was possible.

Next, Comparative Example 1 will be described. The steps up to the step of forming the columnar spacer 801 are the same as those in the first embodiment. 100 mm of ITO was deposited, and this was patterned to form a pixel electrode. However, the outer periphery was formed in the shape of a broken line shown in FIG. 7, and a slit having the shape of a hook shown in FIG. 9 was provided inside. A vertical alignment layer of RN-1204 (product name, Nissan Chemical) was formed on the outermost surface to a thickness of 75 nm. Hereinafter, a liquid crystal display element according to Comparative Example 1 of the present invention was manufactured through the same counter substrate manufacturing step and substrate combining step as in Example 1.

When an image signal was input to this device at a maximum signal amplitude of 4 V, a high viewing angle color display was possible, but the maximum transmission luminance ratio was only 3%, and the display was felt dim. As a result of microscopic observation, a dark band-like region due to an alignment defect appeared on one surface of the pixel.

Next, a second embodiment will be described. 0.
A matrix-shaped driving element on a 7 mm thick glass substrate,
A gate line electrode, a signal line electrode, an auxiliary capacitance electrode, and an auxiliary electrode were formed. FIG. 11A shows a planar arrangement of a driving element, a gate line electrode and an auxiliary capacitance electrode, and FIG.
The plane arrangement of the signal line electrode and the auxiliary electrode is shown respectively. After depositing silicon nitride by 450 mm, the portion immediately above the connection with the pixel electrode was removed by etching. Further, a transparent photosensitive resin CSP-S011 was formed to a thickness of 3 μm, and the portion immediately above the connection with the pixel electrode was removed by etching. ITO
Was deposited to a thickness of 100 nm, and this was patterned into the shape of the broken line shown in FIG. 7 to form a pixel electrode. On this, a fluorinated photosensitive acrylic resin was formed to a thickness of 1.5 μm and patterned into the shape of a rope portion shown in FIG. 12, and a rib 505 with a ridgeline was formed at the center by embossing. 75n vertical alignment layer of RN-1204 on the outermost surface
m. At this time, the previously formed rib 50
No vertical alignment layer was formed on No. 5.

After another 100 mm of ITO was deposited on another glass substrate with a color filter having a thickness of 0.7 mm, a vertical alignment layer of RN-1204 was formed on the outermost surface to a thickness of 75 mm.

An adhesive layer having a width of 1 mm was formed around the lower substrate, and micropearls (product name, Sekisui Fine Chemical) having a diameter of 4.0 μm were sprayed on the upper substrate at a density of 100 / square mm. The substrates were bonded. Hereinafter, a liquid crystal display element according to Example 2 of the present invention was manufactured by the same steps as in Example 1.

When an image signal was input to this device at a maximum signal amplitude of 4 V, a high display angle color display with a transmission luminance ratio of 6% was possible.

[0045]

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to realize a high-speed and wide viewing angle pixel-division VA system by devising only one side substrate, and to provide a liquid crystal display device having excellent display characteristics at low cost. Can be provided.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the principle of orientation region division according to a conventional technique.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the principle of a problem that occurs when the related art is applied.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of an example of a problem that occurs when the related art is applied.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the principle of orientation region division according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a sectional structural view of a pixel portion in the liquid crystal display element according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a plan structural view of a pixel portion in a liquid crystal display element according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a plan view of a mask used for manufacturing the liquid crystal display element according to the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a plan view of a spacer of the liquid crystal display element according to the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a plan layout view of a second alignment layer of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a plan view of a lower substrate constituting layer of the liquid crystal display element according to the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a plan view of a lower substrate constituting layer of the liquid crystal display element according to the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a plan layout view of a second alignment layer of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Substrate 2 ... Electrode 3 ... Alignment layer 4 ... Liquid crystal layer 5 ... Liquid crystal molecule 6 ... Alignment division area 7 ... Slit 8 ... Projection 9 ... Alignment defect 401 ... Substrate 402 ... Substrate with a driving element 403 ... Electrode 404 ... Pixel electrode 405 Alignment layer 407 Liquid crystal molecules 408 Pixel electrode peripheral portion 409 Projection 501 Lower substrate 502 Upper substrate 503 Liquid crystal layer 504 First alignment layer 505 Second alignment layer (rib) 506, 507 Polarizing plate 508 ... Insulating layer 509 ... Signal line electrode 510 ... Insulating layer 511 ... Pixel electrode 512 ... Counter electrode 601 ... Gate line electrode 602 ... Signal line electrode 603 ... Drive elements 603a, 603b ... Terminal of drive element 604 ... Auxiliary capacitance electrode Reference numeral 605: pixel electrode 606: auxiliary electrode 606a, 606b: connection pad for auxiliary electrode 701: light-shielding part 702: light-transmitting part 801: space

 ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Hiroyuki Nagata 1-9-2, Hara-cho, Fukaya-shi, Saitama F-term in the Toshiba Fukaya Plant (reference) 2H089 LA09 LA12 LA16 NA13 PA08 RA18 TA04 2H090 HB15Y LA01 LA02 MA01 MA02 MA17 2H092 HA06 JB02 JB32 NA01 NA05 QA18 5C094 AA12 AA44 BA03 BA43 CA19 DA13 EA03 EA04 EA07 EA10 ED20 FA02 FB01 JA08 JA09

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. A pair of first and second substrates arranged to face each other, electrodes patterned and arranged on the first substrate side, and first and second orientations arranged on the electrodes. And a liquid crystal layer including liquid crystal molecules held between the first and second substrates. The first alignment layer includes the liquid crystal molecules and the first alignment layer. The second alignment layer has an ability to align the liquid crystal molecules substantially parallel to an interface between the liquid crystal layer and the second alignment layer. A liquid crystal display device comprising: 2. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein said second alignment layer is formed in a projecting shape with respect to said first alignment layer. 3. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the second alignment layer has a shape projecting from the first alignment layer by 1 to 1.5 μm. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second alignment layer has a shape projected from the first alignment layer by 1 to 1.5 μm, and a taper angle of a slope of the projection is 25 to 30 degrees. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein 5. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein a material that repels the first alignment layer is applied to the second alignment layer. 6. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein a fluorinated photosensitive acrylic resin is applied to the second alignment layer. 7. A driving element corresponding to the electrode, and an auxiliary electrode for supplying power from the driving element to the electrode, wherein a part of the auxiliary electrode is located immediately below the second alignment layer. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein: 8. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, further comprising a spacer, which is a columnar resin disposed adjacent to the electrode and maintains a thickness of the liquid crystal layer.