JP2001241072A - Water supply piping system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent excessive upgrading of quality of each water piping in a water supply piping installation in a large building, and to maintain the pressure in pipes as appropriate, to thereby implement equalized water supply to each dwelling unit, etc. SOLUTION: A water supply control device connected to a downstream portion of a basal portion of a water piping branched from a water supply main pipe, for controlling the water supply amount for each dwelling unit is provided for each dwelling unit. The water supply control device has a flow rate regulating section, a flow rate rectifying section, and a valve body arranged in the flow rate rectifying section. A flowage cross-sectional area A of a gap formed between the valve body and the flow rate rectifying section is made constant (e.g. 29 mm2) irrespective of the position of the valve body. Further, the basal portion of each water supply piping has a pipe diameter so as to have a cross-sectional area Ap almost equal to a total cross-sectional area As obtained by multiplying the flowage cross-sectional area A by the number S of dwelling units in the water supply piping. A total cross-sectional area As1 of the branch basal portion of the water supply main pipe is determined as follows: the flowage cross-sectional area 29 mm2 × the number of dwelling units 450=13,050 mm2. As a result, a 125A nylon lining steel pipe (cross-sectional area Ap=12,300 mm2) which is almost equal to the above determined value is selected.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a water supply piping system applied to a large building such as an apartment house or an accommodation complex, and more particularly to a vertical water supply pipe or a horizontal pipe in a water supply / hot water supply pipe of a large building. The present invention relates to a water supply piping system for reducing the diameter of a water supply pipe and for uniformly supplying water to each level and realizing water saving.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, when building buildings such as houses (houses) and stores, various appliances using faucets, such as kitchens, washrooms, toilets, baths, and washing machines, are arranged at predetermined positions. At the same time, water supply valves for all these appliances are provided, and this water supply valve is connected to a water supply main pipe connected to a water supply pipe for water supply to secure water supply per house.

Further, in a large building including a plurality of houses and stores (hereinafter referred to as dwelling units, etc.) such as an apartment house and an accommodation complex, water is supplied from a single water main to each dwelling unit. For this purpose, the following water supply piping system is conventionally constructed.

That is, such a large building generally has a plurality of water supply pipe systems by branching and connecting a plurality of branch pipes (horizontal pipes, vertical pipes, etc.) from a water supply main pipe. Configuration. For example, if one floor (floor) is 10
As an example of a water supply pipe for an apartment house consisting of 100 dwelling units with 10 floors and five doors, for example, five vertical pipes are connected from a water supply main pipe (horizontal draw pipe) connected to a water service pipe, and each vertical pipe is (2
Doors / floor × 10 floors =) By supplying water to 20 houses, there will be five water supply vertical pipe systems.

In constructing the water supply piping system, it is necessary to select any one of various water supply systems such as a direct water supply system, a pressure water tank system, an elevated water tank system or a direct pumping system shown in FIG. is there. In addition, since it is necessary to uniformly supply water to each dwelling unit from one water supply main pipe, it is required to appropriately set the pipe diameter of each branch pipe connected from the water supply main pipe.

In constructing a water supply piping system in such a large building, conventionally, as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, a number of procedures are performed from determination of a water supply method to calculation of a main water supply pipe diameter. It was done.

FIG. 10 shows an outline of a conventional procedure for designing a water supply facility, and FIG. 11 shows a conventional procedure for calculating a water supply pipe diameter. In designing such a water supply system and calculating the diameter of the water supply pipe, it was done while conducting site surveys, consulting with the relevant government offices and building owners, and examining laws and regulations, restrictions and use conditions.

Specifically, conventionally, when calculating the diameter of a water supply pipe, as shown in FIG. 11, the pipe material is determined, the pipe is selected, the instantaneous maximum flow rate is calculated, the equivalent length of the pipe is calculated, After calculating the allowable friction loss head, it was examined whether the total friction loss was less than or equal to the net effective head to the instrument at the far end of the pipeline, and the pipe diameter was determined by the flow diagram to satisfy this .

Conventionally, the concept of "permissible friction loss head" has been regarded as a very large determinant factor. When calculating the capacity (head and power) of the pump shown in FIG. It had to be calculated by the following formulas 1 and 2 in consideration of the friction loss head.

[0010] _{H = H 1 + H 2 +} V 2 / 2g ··· ( Equation 1) where, H: lift of the water pumps (m) H _1: actual height from the suction portion of the pumping pump to the top of the riser pipe (m ) H ₂ : Friction loss head at actual height from the suction part of the water pump to the top of the water pipe V: Flow velocity (m / s) in pipe (usually 2 m / s or less) L = 0.163 rQ _pu H (1 + α) ) / (Ep · Et) (Equation 2) where L: power of the pump (kW) r: specific weight of water (kgf / liter) (1) Q _pu : pumping amount of the pump ( m ³ / min) α: Margin of pump H with respect to head H (0.1 to 0.2 in case of electric motor) Ep: Efficiency of pump (0.4 to 0.7) Et: Transmission efficiency ( In the case of direct connection to the motor, it is assumed to be 1). Te as its premise, the allowable friction head loss of the pipe had determined by calculation according to the following equation 3.

H ₃ = (H ₄ −P) / H ₅ * 100 (Equation 3) where H _{3 is} the allowable frictional loss head of the pipe (mmAg / m) H _{4 is} the farthest part of the pipe until the net hydrocephalus (m) P: pipe required pressure H of the farthest device _5: equivalent length of pipe (m) (practically the conduit coefficient (usually obtained using 2-3).) as can be seen from the formulas, the capacity of the water pumps, when the calculating the allowable friction head loss of the pipe, friction head losses H _2, margin alpha, efficiency of the pump Ep, such as pipeline coefficient, various " Coefficients "had to be used.

[0012]

The formulas and various coefficients used in the above-described conventional water supply system design procedure are determined by years of experience and by the Japan Society for Air Conditioning and Sanitary Engineering. Since this is a so-called empirical value and contains many undetermined factors, there has been a tendency to design piping on the safe side, specifically, a tendency to excessively increase the quality of each piping diameter.

In the conventional water supply pipe diameter calculation procedure, when calculating the water supply amount, the number of people, the use of water supply equipment (in units of water supply equipment), the instantaneous maximum water supply amount, etc. are treated as coefficients. Since the calculation of the equipment capacity of pumps and other pumps and the allowable friction loss head involves extremely complicated reference and calculation of charts, the calculation of the water supply amount has been a very troublesome task for piping designers.

In particular, when calculating the head and power of a water pump, conventionally, the friction loss of each member of a piping system (pipe, pipe joint, valve, etc.) is specified and substituted into a formula. This has encouraged the idea that "pipe members with less friction loss are better" in the water supply piping system.

However, in the calculation of the head and the power of the water pump, the average flow velocity is calculated based on an undetermined factor. On the other hand, in actual equipment piping, the water flow may run away somewhere. The concept of pressure loss due to pipe friction does not make sense.

[0016] In particular, the problems of the conventional water supply piping system include the problem that the water flow tends to run away on the lower floor, and that the water on the upper floor deteriorates during the time when the simultaneous use rate of the water supply is high. The problem was pointed out. Here, FIG.
This problem will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 13 shows an example of a vertical water supply piping system according to a conventional piping design procedure in an 11-storey building. FIG. 13 (a) shows an example of an elevated water tank type water supply system, and FIG. Examples of the water supply system are shown below. As shown in FIGS. 13 (a) and 13 (b), in the design of the conventional water supply piping system, the water supply vertical pipe portion has a bamboo shoot pipe whose pipe diameter becomes thinner toward the downstream side, and the lower floor side (this In the example, on the first floor to the fifth floor), a door-to-door pressure reducing valve was generally provided.

However, in such a conventional vertical pipe system for water supply, the upstream water supply pressure, which is originally high and the water supply is good, is made thicker, while the downstream water supply pipe is throttled. When the brakes were applied, the flow of water on the downstream side worsened, and conversely, the runaway of the water flow tended to occur easily on the upstream side. As a result, the outflow of water on the upper floor side deteriorates, causing the gas boiler to fail to fire.On the other hand, the runoff of the water flow occurs on the lower floor side, causing water hammer due to excessive flow rate. In such a case, problems such as breakage of the water meter have occurred.

The present inventor has pointed out that the problems of the conventional water supply piping system are that "the frictional head of the piping is excessively emphasized" and "the problem of the conventional water supply piping system is the frictional head of the piping. It is not a cause, but a runaway of water caused by unconsciously using too much water on the lower floors. Therefore, it is possible to solve the problem without considering the frictional head of piping. ", And proposed the present invention.

That is, an object of the present invention is to prevent excessive quality of each water supply pipe system by adopting a pipe that does not consider a frictional head of the water supply pipe in a large building such as an apartment house or an apartment complex. Another object of the present invention is to provide a water supply piping system capable of appropriately maintaining the pressure of each water supply pipe system and realizing uniform water supply to each dwelling unit and the like.

[0020]

A first configuration of a water supply piping system according to the present invention has a plurality of water supply pipe systems branched from a water supply main pipe, and one dwelling unit connected to the most downstream of the water supply pipe system. A water supply control system for controlling a water supply amount per unit is a water supply piping system arranged for each dwelling unit.
A valve box provided with a flow rate adjustment unit for limiting the amount of water supplied to the dwelling unit to a predetermined flow rate, and a flow rate rectification unit connected to the downstream side of the flow rate adjustment unit and holding an appropriate pressure of the water supply pipe system; It has a first valve element disposed in the adjustment section, and a second valve element disposed in the flow rectification section, and the base of each water supply pipe system includes:
A cross-sectional area Ap substantially equal to a total cross-sectional area As obtained by multiplying a flow cross-sectional area A of a gap formed between the second valve body and the flow rectification unit in the water supply control device by the number S of dwelling units in the water supply pipe system. Characterized in that the pipe diameter has

A second structure of the water supply piping system according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the first structure, the water supply pipe system includes a vertical pipe system for supplying water to a plurality of floors.

A third configuration of the water supply piping system according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the second configuration, the vertical pipe system is a straight pipe whose nominal diameter is equal from the upstream side to the downstream side.

In a fourth configuration of the water supply piping system according to the present invention, in any one of the first to third configurations, the water supply control device is arranged such that the second valve body is movable in the flow rectification unit. In addition, the flow cross-sectional area A of the gap formed between the second valve body and the flow rectifying section is constant regardless of the position of the second valve body.

According to a fifth aspect of the water supply pipe system according to the present invention, in any one of the first to fourth structures, the water supply control device is configured such that the water supply control device is narrowed down as the first valve element is located on the upstream side. It is characterized by having.

According to a sixth aspect of the water supply piping system according to the present invention, in any one of the first to fifth aspects, the water supply control device is formed between the second valve body and the flow rectification unit. The gap is in the shape of an annular thin film.

According to a seventh aspect of the water supply piping system according to the present invention, in any one of the first to sixth structures, the water supply control device has a nominal diameter of 20 A, and a second valve element and a flow rectifier. The cross-sectional area A of the gap formed between the gap is approximately 29 m
m ² .

According to an eighth aspect of the water supply piping system according to the present invention, in any one of the first to seventh aspects, the flow rate adjustment section of the water supply control device adjusts the flow rate of water supplied to the flow rate rectification section. It is characterized by comprising a constant flow rate means for making it constant.

[0028]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

First, an outline of means for obtaining two conditions of realizing equal water supply to each dwelling unit and maintaining proper pressure of each water supply pipe system will be described in detail.

(Appropriate Water Supply per Dwelling Unit) In order to realize equal water supply to each dwelling unit, the prerequisite "appropriate water supply per dwelling unit" will be described first.

The actual image of an average apartment in Japan is
According to various construction-related materials, the average number of residents per dwelling unit is 3.5, floor plans are 3DK or 2LDK, and water supply points are kitchens, baths (including showers), washrooms, toilets (low tank type), 1 hot water supply in 5 washing machine locations
There are a total of three kitchens, baths (including showers), and washrooms with No. 6 or No. 20 gas instantaneous water heaters, and the installed water meter is 20A.

Here, the required flow rate of each faucet at the water supply / hot water supply destination is generally determined to be an appropriate value. Specifically, the average flow rate of each faucet is 8 (liter / minute) × the estimated number of simultaneous flushing openings. 3 = 24 (liters / minute) In other words, if a value of about 25 liters / minute is secured for the flow rate of water supply per dwelling unit, the flow rate will be sufficient and there will be no complaints from residents. Was confirmed by the inventors' verification study.

Here, the reason that the number of water supply points per dwelling unit per day is five on average, but the number of simultaneous opening of flushing is set to 3 is that the water supply amount becomes maximum in one day from 6:00 to 21:00 in the evening. It is based on the previous verification that it was extremely rare that four faucets were opened in one dwelling unit at the same time even during the above period.

In addition, the appropriate amount of water supply per dwelling unit is examined from the viewpoint of the appropriate measurement flow rate of the water meter.
An appropriate measured flow rate of the 0A water meter is that the “verification flow rate” is 1.5 m ³ / h, that is, about 25 min.
Liters / minute ". If a water meter is used at a flow rate higher than the verification flow rate, it will cause measurement errors and cause problems such as breakage of the water meter and occurrence of water hammer.Therefore, use the water meter within this flow rate value as much as possible. It is very important to use water and to distribute water with such an appropriate water supply amount to each dwelling unit.

According to the present inventor, in the conventional water supply piping system, it is not the cause of the frictional head of the pipe that the outflow of water on the upper floor sometimes becomes poor during the time when the simultaneous use rate of the water supply is high. The previous demonstration study confirmed that the lower floors were unconsciously using more water than necessary, that is, the cause was water runaway on the lower floors.

(Maintaining proper pressure of each water supply pipe system) As described above, if the maximum amount of water supply per dwelling unit can be appropriately restricted, the entire water supply pipe main pipe section can be replaced by a "sealed vessel" as shown by Pascal's theorem. , And a predetermined pressure corresponding to the floor height acts stably on the water supply control valve of each dwelling unit.

With respect to water, which is an incompressible fluid, if there is open use of the faucet at the end, a pressure drop occurs immediately in the entire water supply system, and an imbalance state occurs. However, the water supply piping system receives the pressure from the water pump, and the shock wave acceleration of the water pump propagates as a position head (discharge head) throughout the entire piping system, supporting the pressure that has dropped, and constantly pressing the entire piping system. Therefore, if the flow rate of the open use of the faucet is within an appropriate range, the pressure in the piping system is instantaneously recovered, and the balance of the entire piping system is maintained. In the water supply piping system, such an unbalanced / balanced state can be regarded as a state where the state is constantly repeated. Therefore, it is necessary to technically solve the above-described unbalanced state so as not to be excessive.

The present invention is based on the conventional idea that "a piping member having a small frictional loss head is good." , The flow rate is controlled to an appropriate value (in the above case, “25 liters / minute” per dwelling unit). This is a proposal based on a completely opposite idea.

However, even if the resistance is arranged in the water pipe, simply squeezing the fluid causes many problems such as noise, erosion and turbulence, and these problems are solved by a technical method. It is necessary to do while doing.

In order to solve such a problem, the present inventor has conducted various experiments, and as a result, the present inventor has a plurality of water supply pipe systems branched from the water supply main pipe, and the downstream side of the base of each water supply pipe system. Connected 1
In a water supply piping system in which a water supply control device that controls the amount of water supply per dwelling unit is provided for each dwelling unit, noise, erosion,
In order to distribute the resistance in the water distribution pipe without causing problems such as turbulence, it has been found that a water supply control device arranged in each dwelling unit having the following configuration is optimal.

That is, the water supply control device is provided with a flow rate adjusting section for limiting the amount of water supplied to one dwelling unit to a predetermined flow rate, and a flow rate connecting the downstream side of the flow rate adjusting section to maintain an appropriate pressure of the water supply pipe system. A valve box having a rectifying section, a first valve element movable in the flow regulating section, and a second valve element movable in the flow regulating section; the second valve element and the flow rectifying section And the flow passage cross-sectional area A of the gap formed between them is constant regardless of the position of the second valve element.

The base of each water supply pipe system has a pipe diameter having a cross-sectional area Ap substantially equal to the total cross-sectional area As obtained by multiplying the flow cross-sectional area A of the water supply control device by the number S of dwelling units in the water supply pipe system. The configuration is as follows. As a result, the occurrence of noise, erosion, turbulence, and the like is suppressed, so that an appropriate amount of water is supplied and an appropriate pressure of the water supply pipe system is maintained.

(First Embodiment of Water Supply Control Device) Water supply is limited to a maximum of "25 liters / minute" per dwelling unit, and is disposed in each dwelling unit in order to maintain the pressure of each water supply pipe system. An embodiment of the supplied water supply control device will be described. First, a first embodiment of a water supply control device will be described with reference to FIGS. Here, FIG. 1 is a front cross-sectional view for explaining an entire configuration of a water supply control valve 10 as a water supply control device according to the first embodiment, and FIG. FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view of main parts when the primary pressure is low, and FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view of main parts when the primary pressure is high.

As shown in FIG. 1, the water supply control valve 10 of the first embodiment has an inlet 11a and an outlet 11b, and is provided in a valve box 11 in which the valve body 3 is movably housed. , A flow adjusting section 1 and a flow rectifying section 2 are provided. This water supply control valve 10 is connected and arranged, for example, in a building facility or the like before or after a water supply water meter (water meter) in each dwelling unit and the like, and an inlet 11 a of a valve box 11.
Is connected to a branch pipe connected from the base of the water supply pipe system, and a water tap is connected to the outlet 11b. And in this embodiment, the nominal diameter of the water supply control valve 10 is 20A.

The flow rate adjusting section 1 of the water supply control valve 10 is a valve seat for limiting the amount of water supplied to one dwelling unit to a predetermined flow rate, and is an inflow port 11a through which water flows from the base of the water supply pipe system.
It is arranged near. On the other hand, the flow rectification unit 2 is a cylindrical valve seat for maintaining an appropriate pressure of the water supply pipe system,
It is connected to the downstream side of the flow rate adjusting unit 1 and has a cylindrical shape having a diameter larger than that of the flow rate adjusting unit 1.

The valve element 3 has a structure in which a first valve element 3a for adjusting the water flow of the flow rate adjusting section 1 and a second valve element 3b for adjusting the water flow of the flow rectifying section 2 are connected and integrated. ing. The first valve body 3a of the valve body 3 has a substantially needle-like (frusto-conical) shape that is narrowed toward the upstream side (tip side), and is movable in the flow rate adjustment unit 1. You.

On the other hand, the second valve body 3b of the valve body 3 has a columnar shape having a diameter larger than that of the first valve body 3a and slightly smaller than the diameter of the flow rectification unit 2. As a result, it can be moved in the flow rectification unit 2. The connection between the first valve element 3a and the second valve element 3b is a tapered valve seat that is narrowed toward the upstream side (the first valve element side).

FIG. 1 is a view showing a case where the water supply control valve 10 is fully closed. In this fully closed state, the first valve body 3a
Are located in the flow regulating unit 1, the second valve body 3b is located in the flow rectifying unit 2, and the connection between the first valve body 3a and the second valve body 3b is an end of the flow regulating unit 1. By pressing against the portion, water from the base of the water supply pipe system does not flow into the inflow port 11a.

In the water supply control valve 10, since the diameter of the second valve element 3b is slightly smaller than the diameter of the flow rectification section 2 as described above, the second valve element 3b and the flow rectifier A gap 2 a having an annular thin film shape is formed between the gap 2 and the portion 2.
The gap 2a has an extremely small width of about 0.5 mm, and its cross-sectional area is constant even when the second valve body 3b moves, and is approximately 29 mm ² in this embodiment.

In the water supply control valve 10, the valve box 1
1 is fitted with a lid 12 having a female screw portion 12a, and the female screw portion 12a of the lid 12 is engaged with a male screw portion 13a of a valve rod 13 extending from the second valve body 3b. As a result, the first valve body 3a and the second
The valve element 3b moves relative to the flow rate adjusting section 1 and the flow rectifying section 2.

More specifically, in the water supply control valve 10, a handle 18 is attached to one end of the valve rod 13, and a packing washer 14 for maintaining water tightness between the valve rod 13 and the lid 12. A packing 15, a gland 16, and a packing nut 17 are attached to the lid 12, and further,
As a component of the valve opening position limiting mechanism for limiting the opening of the valve body 3 to a predetermined position, an indicator 21 made of a thin plate having an L-shaped cross section that moves in the same direction as the valve rod 13 moves up and down. A substantially rod-shaped stopper 19 for preventing the indicator 21 from moving; a wing bolt 20 attached to the valve box 11 for fixing the position of the stopper 19;
It has an indicator 21 attached to the valve stem 13 and a washer 22 which rotates relatively.

In the valve opening position limiting mechanism of the water supply control valve 10, the movement of the indicator 21 is prevented at the end of the stopper 19, and the movement of the lid 12 corresponding to the tip 21 a of the indicator 21 is prevented. An opening scale (not shown) serving as a reference for the flow rate adjustment position is provided on the outer peripheral portion, and the opening scale is indicated by the tip 21a. Thereby, in the water supply control valve 10,
Even when the valve opening is fully closed from the flow adjustment position once set for stopping water, the valve can be easily returned to the initially set flow adjustment position (valve opening).

Hereinafter, the usage and operation of the water supply control valve 10 will be described. The water supply control valve 10 includes an inlet 11
a and the discharge port 11b, the handle 18 is rotated to a valve opening position set in advance to open the valve body 3 (valve), and the handle 8 is further opened from that position. Is set by using the valve opening position limiting mechanism so that the valve is not opened by rotation of the valve. When it is necessary to stop the valve once, the handle 8 is rotated in the closing direction, and then the valve is returned to the original valve opening position and used.

The water supply control valve 10 is manually operated by the handle 8, and the valve rod 13 and the valve body 3 provided integrally therewith are provided.
Rotates and moves in the vertical direction in FIG. And FIG.
As shown in (1), the flow rate is adjusted by increasing or decreasing the gap between the first valve body 3a and the flow rate adjusting unit 1.

As described above, in this embodiment, the nominal diameter of the water supply control valve 10 is 20 A, and the annular thin film formed in the flow rectification unit 2 is extremely thin, 0.5 mm, and its cross-sectional area is 29 mm. ² These values are optimal values obtained by experiments by the inventor, and accordingly, the maximum flow rate of water passing through the flow rectification unit 2 is independent of the position of the valve body 3.
Limited to 25 liters / minute or less.

The size (cross-sectional area) of the annular thin film-shaped gap portion 2a formed between the second valve element 3b and the flow rectification section 2 in the water supply control valve 10 is an optimum value obtained by experiments by the inventor. This is the best condition for the condition of the water flow and the avoidance of noise generation.

(Second Embodiment of Water Supply Control Apparatus) The water supply control apparatus used in the water supply piping system of the present invention is a means for ensuring an appropriate water supply amount and maintaining an appropriate pressure of the water supply pipe system. Any device may be used as long as the flow adjustment unit and the flow rectification unit are integrally or separately configured, and various combinations are conceivable.

The water supply control valve 10 as the water supply control device of the first embodiment has the valve body 3 in which the shape of the first valve body 3a on the flow rate adjusting unit 1 side is needle-shaped. However, the water supply control device according to the second embodiment has a configuration in which the flow rate adjustment unit is a constant flow device or a constant flow valve, and a flow rectification unit is provided downstream of the constant flow device or the constant flow valve. . Hereinafter, a water supply control valve as a water supply control device according to the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The parts having the same functions as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals.

The water supply control valve 10A shown in FIG. 3 as a water supply control device according to the second embodiment uses a constant flow valve as a flow control unit and a rectifier as a flow rectification unit.

More specifically, the water supply control valve 10A comprises a valve box 11A having an inlet 11a and a valve box 11B having an outlet 11b.
A ball valve 23 for switching permission / prohibition of inflow of water from the base of the water supply pipe system and a handle 18 for operating a rotation position of the ball valve 23 are rotatably attached to A, and a valve box 11B is provided. Is provided with a flow adjusting unit 1A and a flow rectifying unit 2A.

As shown in FIG. 3, the flow rate adjusting section 1A has:
A constant flow valve needle 24 as a first valve body, a sleeve 25 in contact with the constant flow valve needle 24, and a hole having a larger diameter than the constant flow valve needle 24,
A nozzle 26 which increases or decreases the flow area by the movement of
A coil spring 27 for urging the constant flow valve needle 24 to the upstream side is stored. And the flow rate adjusting unit 1A
In this case, the constant flow valve needle 24 moves downstream against the urging force of the coil spring 27 in response to the pressure of water from the base of the water supply pipe system flowing in from the inflow port 11a, so that the constant flow valve needle 24 always has a constant value. The flow is supplied to the flow rectification unit 2A. That is, in the flow rate adjusting section 1A, when the water pressure is high, the amount of movement of the constant flow valve needle 24 to the downstream side increases, the amount of the constant flow valve needle 24 entering the hole of the nozzle 26 increases, and the water pressure is low. In this case, the amount of movement of the constant flow valve needle 24 to the downstream side is reduced, and the constant flow valve needle 2
Since the amount of the fluid 4 entering the hole of the nozzle 26 is reduced, a constant flow rate is supplied to the flow rectification unit 2A regardless of the water pressure.

A rectifying valve 28 as a second valve is disposed in the flow rectifying section 2A. Even with this water supply control valve 10A,
Similarly to the water supply control valve 10 of the first embodiment, an annular thin film-shaped gap 28 is provided between the flow rectification unit 2A and the rectification valve 28.
a is formed, and its flow cross-sectional area is approximately 29 mm ² at a nominal diameter of 20A.

Generally, the pressure reducing valve for individual water supply installed near the water supply source valve of each house can control the pressure but cannot control the flow rate, and is said to have good performance. If the flow rate is not limited, the flow rate is 50 L / min or more at a nominal diameter of 20 A. Therefore, the water supply control valve 1 of each embodiment
At 0 and 10A, it is inappropriate to constitute the flow rate adjusting units 1 and 1A with a pressure reducing valve.

(Embodiment of Water Supply Piping System Using Water Supply Control Valve) Hereinafter, an embodiment of a water supply piping system using the above water supply control valve 10 will be described with reference to the drawings.
The details will be described in comparison with the conventional example.

FIG. 4 shows a concrete example of a conventional water supply piping system for a large-scale building of 15 stories in which the first floor to the 15th floor are condominiums. As shown in FIG. Water is distributed to 450 dwelling units by vertical pipes (the equivalent number of dwelling units per vertical pipe is 30).

The diameter of each pipe shown in FIG.
This is obtained by the conventional piping design procedure described in 1.
In addition, the pipe diameter generally used in the door-to-door water supply pipe is a nominal diameter of 20 A from the relationship between the design flow rate and the specification of the water meter.
The case where 0 is arranged in each dwelling unit equivalent to 450 units will be described.

As described above, the annular thin film formed on the flow rectification unit 2 in the water supply control valve 10 having a nominal diameter of 20 A is as follows.
It is extremely thin, 0.5 mm, and its cross-sectional area is “29 mm ² ”
It has become. Here, when water passes through the flow rectification unit 2 at the maximum flow rate of “25 liters / minute”, the calculated flow velocity in the flow rectification unit 2 is an extremely high speed of about 14 m / sec. In the valve 10, since the maximum flow rate is limited by the flow rate adjusting unit 1, the position head differs depending on the floor height to be arranged, but the nominal diameter 2 at each floor and each dwelling unit.
The flow state of the flow rectification unit 2 of the 0A water supply control valve 10 is substantially the same. Also, when observing the flow of the annular thin film of the flow rectification unit 2 at this time, the water behaves as if it were a fluid having "viscosity", and despite the high-speed flow of about 14 m / sec described above, There is no noise or erosion problem in any of the water supply control valves 10 in the dwelling unit. And
At 25 liters / minute, the average flow velocity in each pipe at the upstream and downstream of the water supply control valve 10 with a nominal diameter of 20 A is approximately 1.6 m / sec at maximum, so that any water supply control valve 10 at each floor and each dwelling unit is required. No problems such as noise and erosion occur at all.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 4, there is a positional head difference due to the floor height, and in order to obtain the maximum passing flow rate “25 liters / minute” on each floor, the flow rate adjusting unit 1 in the water supply control valve 10 has It is necessary to set the opening cross section differently for each floor. That is, with respect to this flow rate adjusting unit, the dwelling unit on the lower floor where the supply pressure is high is narrowed down (see FIG. 2 (b)), and the dwell unit on the upper floor where the supply pressure is low is sequentially released (see FIG. 2 (a)). ). In the water supply control valve 10A of the second embodiment using the constant flow valve needle 24, it is possible to perform constant flow control by automatically increasing or decreasing the opening cross-sectional area by a self-adjusting adjustment mechanism. .

As described above, according to the water supply piping system in which the water supply control valve according to the embodiment is disposed in each dwelling unit, the flow rate adjusting section 1 and the flow rate rectifying section 2 correspond to fluid resistance, and are suitable for water supply. At the same time as limiting the flow rate, it is possible to suppress noise generation and erosion problems.

(Piping system based on rectification section multiple design method) Nominal diameter 20 having flow rate adjusting section 1 and flow rectifying section 2
If the water supply control valve 10 of A is installed for each dwelling unit, as described above, the minimum area of the piping system per dwelling unit is “29 mm ² ” in the flow rectification unit 2. The nominal diameter of the branch source part in the pipe, the main pipe after the branch and before the branch) can be calculated by multiplying this area by the number of dwelling units.

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 5, after determining the pipe material, selecting the pipe line, and calculating the number of units to be owned on the downstream side of the branch source, the annular shape of the flow rectification unit 2 of the water supply control valve 10 is determined. By multiplying the flow cross-sectional area A of the thin film (in this example, 29 mm ² ) by the value S of the number of receiving units, the value of the required area of the branch portion of each water supply pipe system can be calculated extremely easily. As a result, as shown in FIG. 11, a very troublesome operation of calculating the equivalent length of the pipeline and calculating the allowable friction loss head is performed, as is apparent from comparison with the method of calculating the pipe diameter in the conventional water supply piping system. Eliminates the need.

That is, this method, which can be called a “rectification cross-section multiple design method” in the water supply piping system of the present invention, is a breakthrough in the conventional piping design method, particularly the method for discussing the simultaneous water supply rate. Pipe head loss (H ₂ )
Needless to say, factors such as simultaneous usage rate and instantaneous maximum water supply, which bothers the calculation, do not need to be considered.

For example, when determining the pipe diameter of a water supply vertical pipe of a high-rise apartment building that distributes water to a total of 40 houses with 20 floors, 2 dwelling units, and a single vertical pipe, the calculation method in the water supply piping system of the present invention is used. Is used, the vertical feed water pipe has a flow cross-sectional area of 29
mm ² × 40 units = calculated as a cross-sectional area of 1,160 mm ² ,
It can be covered by a straight pipe having a nominal diameter of 40A (pipe interior area of powder resin-lined steel pipe NPC = 1,170). The pipe diameter calculated by the conventional calculation procedure in the equipment under the same conditions is a bamboo-shaped pipe having a nominal diameter of 65 A at the base of the vertical pipe as shown in FIG. 13, for example, and the initial cost difference between the two is clear. It is.

As described above, there are various methods for supplying water to a water supply facility in a large building such as an apartment house or an apartment complex. The present invention employs a high water tank type shown in FIG. The present invention can be applied to any of the direct pumping type shown in FIG. 13 (b), and can also be applied to the pressure water tank type (see FIG. 10).

In high-rise buildings such as condominiums and hotels, a vertical pipe water supply system using a shaft penetrating system is very often employed. The numbers vary depending on the building. For this reason, in the water supply piping system of the present invention, the pipe diameter of the branch part of each water supply pipe is theoretically obtained by multiplying the cross sectional area A of the flow rectification unit 1 of the water supply control valve 10 by the number S of dwelling units. Although it is only necessary to adopt a pipe diameter substantially equal to the cross-sectional area As, the water pipes (pipe) are actually manufactured and sold in the order of the nominal diameter, and it is difficult to obtain a pipe having a theoretical value (As) based on a calculated value. Therefore, the actual pipe diameter is determined by selecting a commercially available pipe diameter having a cross-sectional area having an Ap value substantially equal to the theoretical value As.

In selecting this pipe, the cross-sectional area Ap may be substantially equal to the theoretical value As, or the diameter of a commercially available pipe having a large size may be used.

[0077]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, an example in which a water supply piping system of the present invention is actually applied will be described in comparison with a conventional piping design.

This case is an example in which the present invention is applied to a relatively large building.
Five-story apartment building (hereinafter simply referred to as “assembly building”
That. ) Is an example of a water supply piping system for supplying water by a direct pump water supply method to 450 houses.

Referring to FIG. 4, a description will be given of a water supply piping system for such an apartment building calculated by a conventional water supply piping design method (see FIGS. 10 and 11).

FIG. 4 shows an outline of a water supply system of a water supply piping system for an apartment building calculated by a conventional water supply piping design method. In this apartment building,
As shown in FIG. 4, the water supply main pipe for supplying water to 450 houses is branched into two horizontal draw pipes, so that a horizontal draw pipe for supplying water to 240 houses and a horizontal draw pipe for supplying water to 210 houses are provided. A water supply pipe system is formed by pulling pipes, and a plurality (8 + 7 = 1) for supplying water to each floor from each horizontal drawing pipe.
5) vertical pipes are connected, each vertical pipe is about 30
15 water supply vertical pipe systems for supplying water to the door will be formed.

Here, the calculated value of the nominal diameter of each water pipe is
When calculated according to the above-described calculation formulas (Formulas 1 to 3), as shown in FIG.
A, 125A at the branch source part in each horizontal drawing pipe after branching,
It is 65A at the branch source of the vertical pipe connected to each horizontal drawing pipe.

Further, as for the vertical pipe, in the conventional water supply pipe design method, a so-called bamboo shoot pipe in which the pipe diameter becomes narrower on the downstream side of the water supply is generally used. 65A at the base of the vertical pipe and at each floor from the 1st to 4th floor, 50A at each floor from the 5th to 8th floor
A, 40A on each of the 9th to 11th floors, 3 on the 12th floor
2A, floors 13 and 14 each have 25A, top floor 15
The floor became 20A.

(Method of Calculating Pipe Diameter According to the Present Invention) Further, FIG. 7 and FIG. 7 showing theoretical values of an outline of a water supply facility when the water supply piping system of the present invention is applied to the above-mentioned 15-story apartment building. This will be described with reference to FIG. 9 showing values actually applied. As is apparent from comparison with FIG. 4, according to the water supply piping system of the present invention, 125A (conventional example: 200A) at the branch source part of the water supply main pipe, and 100A at the branch source part of each horizontal drawing pipe after branching. (Conventional example: 125
A), 32A at the branch source of the vertical pipe connected to each horizontal drawing pipe
(Conventional example: 65A), and the pipe diameter is greatly reduced as compared with the conventional example, and accordingly, cost reduction is achieved.

That is, in the water supply piping system of the present invention,
Is the base of each water supply pipe system, the flow rectification section of the water supply control valve 10.
2 cross section A (= 29 mm^Two)
Area A approximately equal to total area As multiplied by the number of dwelling units S
As shown in FIG. 6, the pipe diameter is
Total cross-sectional area As at the branch of the water main₁ Has a cross-sectional area of 29 mm
^Two× 450 dwelling units = 13,050mm^TwoAnd this value
125A nylon-lined steel pipe (area 1
2,300mm^Two) Is selected.

[0085] In addition, the cross-sectional area and total cross-sectional area As ₂ branches root portions of the lateral引管branched from the water supply mains, but steel cross-sectional area 29 mm ² × dwelling number 225 units = 6,525mm ² becomes, 80A Is about 5,011mm ² , so it is 7,585m
PVC lining steel pipe 100A having the cross-sectional area of m ² is selected.

Further, when the water supply vertical pipe is a bamboo shoot pipe, as shown in FIG. 6, the total sectional area As ₃ of the branching portion of the water supply vertical pipe is 29 mm ² in cross section × 30 dwelling units = 870 m
m ^2, and the cross-sectional area that it PVC lining steel pipe 32A is narrow and 839Mm ^2, since the cross-sectional area that it stainless steel tube Conversely 32A is wide and 1,275Mm ^2, nylon lining steel pipe 32A having a cross-sectional area of 950 mm ² Is selected. Also, when narrowing the pipe diameter of the vertical pipe for the water supply from the 8th floor to the upper floor and the floor above the 12th floor, the total cutoff of the branch point of the water supply vertical pipe for 8 floors from the 8th floor to the 15th floor Area As
₄ is a cross-sectional area 29 mm ² × dwelling number 16 units = 464mm ^2, and the the PVC lined steel pipe of the cross-sectional area 475 mm ² among steel pipe 25A becomes optimal, and further, 1 to 12 floor
The total cross-sectional area As ₅ of the branch source of the water supply vertical tube 4 floors worth up fifth floor, the cross-sectional area 29 mm ² × dwelling number 8 units = 232 mm ²
Thus, a PVC-lined steel pipe having a cross-sectional area of 272 mm ² is selected as the optimum one among the 20 A steel pipes.

As described above, the pipe diameter may be selected according to the above-mentioned calculation formula. However, since the water pipes actually manufactured and sold are often not exactly the same, it is necessary to select the pipe diameter. You can choose a water pipe with a large diameter.

As is clear from the above calculation procedure, according to the water supply piping system of the present invention, it is not necessary to perform the extremely troublesome work of calculating the substantial length of the pipeline and calculating the allowable friction loss head.

(Explanation of Actually Applied Values) Next, for the above-mentioned 15-story multi-family building, the actually adopted values of the pipe diameters at the branching point when the water supply piping system of the present invention is applied. Will be described with reference to FIG. As is clear from the comparison between FIG. 7 and FIG. 9, in the actual design and construction example, in the water supply vertical pipe system, each vertical pipe was a straight pipe, and the nominal diameter on each floor was the same as each other.

(Comparison of Bamboo Shoot Vertical Pipe and Straight Pipe) FIGS. 13 (a) and 13 (b) show the names of the pipes on each floor and the water supply control valve when the water supply vertical pipe section is a bamboo shoot pipe in the conventional design. The arrangement of the diameter and the like are shown. Although FIG. 13 shows a design example for the above-described 11-story large building, the example of FIG. 4 also shows a case where the layout is basically the same as that of FIG. 13B. . As described with reference to FIG. 13, in the conventional water supply piping system, in the vertical water supply pipe section, the upstream pipe, which originally has a high water supply pressure and good water discharge, is made thicker, and conversely, the downstream pipe is throttled. However, according to the water supply vertical pipe section of such a bamboo shoot pipe, the speed head was braked, and the water flow was poor.

On the other hand, in an actual application example of the water supply piping system to which the present invention is applied, as shown in FIG. 9, 15 water supply vertical pipes are straight pipes, and the pipe diameters on each floor are mutually the same. I did it. That is, in the water supply piping system of the present invention, by using straight pipes for each water supply vertical pipe, not only cost reduction by reducing the diameter of pipes and valves can be achieved, but also full shop prefab pipe processing becomes possible, and further pipe labor saving is achieved. -Labor saving has become feasible.

Further, in the conventional water supply piping system, FIG.
As described in 3, the door-to-door pressure reducing valve is installed on the lower floor side where the pressure is high (in this example, from the first floor to the fifth floor). On the other hand, in the water supply piping system of the present invention, since the amount of water supply is appropriately limited, no significant water spouting occurs when the faucet is opened, and therefore, under the condition of the water supply pressure of 0.5 Mpa or less. As shown in FIG. 8, it has been clarified from an actual application example that a door-to-door pressure reducing valve may not be provided.

In this case, measurement around the valve and the faucet was performed at a later date, and the occupants were surveyed for usage conditions and the like. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2. here,
Table 1 shows the measured values around the valve, and Table 2 shows the measured values around the faucet.

[0094]

[Table 1]

[0095]

[Table 2]

As can be seen from the tables, in this case where the water supply piping system of the present invention is applied, almost no pressure drop occurs even on the upper floor, and a proper flow of water flows from the faucet. It became clear. The inventor has confirmed that the residents on each floor can use the water supply / hot water supply facilities without discomfort or dissatisfaction with the use of the faucet.

In the description of the theory and the embodiments of the present invention, water supply equipment piping of a general apartment house has been described. However, there are many and various types of buildings depending on the application, and accordingly, water supply equipment piping is provided. Also show various embodiments.

For example, in a single room hotel or a one-room apartment for business use, the amount of water supply generally required is small, and conversely, for example, when a foreign family resides, the amount of water supply is particularly limited. In some cases, it must be secured. In such a case, in the case where the water supply amount may be small, the nominal diameter of the water supply control valve as the water supply control device is set to, for example, 15A, and conversely,
In the case where the amount of water supply must be secured in particular, it is possible to cope with this nominal diameter of, for example, 25A. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the water supply control device having the nominal diameter of 20A.

As described above, according to the water supply piping system to which the present invention is applied, the following specific effects are obtained.

The initial cost due to the reduction of the diameter of the pipes and valves of the water supply main pipe (horizontal drawing pipe) and each branch pipe (horizontal drawing pipe, vertical pipe, etc.) was reduced, and excessive quality was prevented. In particular, by making the water supply vertical pipe system a straight pipe, full shop prefab pipe processing became possible, and further labor saving and labor saving of the pipe became possible.

[0101] Equal water supply to each dwelling unit was realized, so that the water flow on the upper floor did not deteriorate and the gas boiler did not fire.

[0102] The amount of water used was correctly measured by an appropriate amount of water distribution, and excessive use of water on the lower floors was reduced, saving resources.

The breakage of the water meter due to an excessive flow rate was prevented. In addition, since the use within an appropriate flow rate is ensured, the occurrence of water hammer can be suppressed.

By providing the water supply control device with a water stop function, it is not necessary to separately install a stop valve for each door.
It could also be used as a stop valve.

In the water supply system of a building having about 15 floors, an incidental effect without any problem was proved without providing a conventionally provided door-to-door water supply pressure reducing valve (see FIG. 13) at all.

[0106]

As described above, according to the present invention,
Provided is a water supply piping system that can prevent excessive quality of each water supply pipe system in a water supply equipment pipe in an apartment house and an accommodation complex, and that can appropriately maintain pressure and realize equal water supply to each dwelling unit and the like. It becomes possible.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front sectional view showing an entire configuration of a first embodiment of a water supply control valve.

FIGS. 2A and 2B are cross-sectional views illustrating a main part of a first embodiment of a water supply control valve, wherein FIG. 2A illustrates a state when the primary pressure is low, and FIG. 2B illustrates a state when the primary pressure is high. State
Shown respectively.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a configuration of a second embodiment of the water supply control valve, and is a front cross-sectional view of the water supply control valve using a constant flow valve as a flow control unit.

FIG. 4 is an example of a water supply piping system for a 15-story large building according to a conventional piping design procedure.

FIG. 5 is a chart showing a procedure for calculating a pipe diameter at a branch source part in a water supply piping system of the present invention in comparison with a conventional pipe design method.

FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining a procedure of calculating a pipe diameter at a branch source part in the water supply piping system of the present invention, based on the water supply piping system of the 15-story building in FIG. 4;

7 is a diagram showing a theoretical value of a pipe diameter at a branch source portion when the water supply pipe system of the present invention is applied to the water supply pipe system of the 15-story building of FIG.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of a water supply vertical pipe piping system for an 11-storey building according to the piping design procedure of the present invention in comparison with FIG. 13 of a conventional example.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing actually adopted values of pipe diameters at a branch source portion when the water supply pipe system of the present invention is applied to the water supply pipe system of the 15-story building in FIG.

FIG. 10 is a chart showing a water supply facility design procedure according to a conventional piping design method.

FIG. 11 is a chart showing a procedure for calculating a water supply pipe diameter according to a conventional pipe design method.

FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an elevated water tank type water supply system and a pump direct feed type water supply system.

FIG. 13 is an example of a vertical water supply pipe system in an 11-story building according to a conventional pipe design procedure, where (a) shows an example of an elevated water tank type water supply system, and (b) shows a direct pump type water supply system. Examples are given below.

[Explanation of symbols]

 10, 10A water supply control valve 1, 1A flow rate adjusting unit 2, 2A flow rectifying unit 2a, 28a gap 3 valve body 3a first valve body 3b, 28 second valve body 11 valve box 11a inlet 11b outlet 12 Lid 13 Valve stem 14 Packing washer 15 Packing 16 Gland 17 Packing nut 18 Handle 19 Stopper 20 Wing bolt 21 Indicator 22 Washer 23 Ball valve 24 Constant flow valve needle 25 Sleeve 26 Nozzle 27 Coil spring

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. A water supply control device which has a plurality of water supply pipe systems branched from a water supply main pipe and is connected to the most downstream of the water supply pipe system and controls a water supply amount per dwelling unit is arranged for each dwelling unit. A water supply piping system, wherein the water supply control device is connected to a flow rate adjustment unit for limiting the amount of water supply to one dwelling unit to a predetermined flow rate and downstream of the flow rate adjustment unit, and maintains an appropriate pressure of a water supply pipe system. A valve box provided with a flow rectifying unit for performing the water supply, a first valve body disposed in the flow regulating unit, and a second valve body disposed in the flow rectifying unit. The base of the pipe system is obtained by multiplying the flow cross-sectional area A of a gap formed between the second valve body and the flow rectification unit in the water supply control device by the number of dwelling units S in the water supply pipe system. A feed pipe system having a pipe diameter having a sectional area Ap substantially equal to the total sectional area As; Beam. 2. The water supply piping system according to claim 1, wherein the water supply pipe system includes a vertical pipe system for supplying water to a plurality of floors. 3. The water supply piping system according to claim 2, wherein the vertical pipe system is a straight pipe having a same nominal diameter from an upstream side to a downstream side. 4. The water supply control device according to claim 1, wherein the second valve body is movably disposed in the flow rectification unit, and a gap formed between the second valve body and the flow rectification unit. The water supply piping system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a flow passage cross-sectional area A of the second valve body is constant irrespective of a position of the second valve body. 5. The water supply piping system according to claim 1, wherein the water supply control device has a shape that is narrowed down as the first valve element is located on the upstream side. 6. The water supply control device according to claim 1, wherein a gap formed between the second valve body and the flow rectification unit has an annular thin film shape. The water supply piping system according to 1. 7. The water supply control device according to claim 1, wherein a nominal diameter is 20 A, and a flow passage cross-sectional area A of a gap formed between the second valve body and the flow rectifying section is approximately 29 mm ^2. The water supply piping system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: 8. The flow control unit of the water supply control device,
The water supply piping system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising a constant flow rate unit that keeps a flow rate of the water supplied to the flow rate rectification unit constant.