JP2001241043A - Vegetation mat for greening and greening construction method using it - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a vegetation mat for greening, in which germination unevenness and growth unevenness are difficult to occur because adhesion onto a soil surface is improved, the movement of surface-layer soil, plant seeds, a fertilizer or the like can be prevented surely, a water retention function is enhanced and the drying of the plant seeds can be prevented. SOLUTION: In the vegetation mat for greening light padding with cotton is laminated on one surface of net, coarse fibers are spread under an approximately constant thick loose state and formed in a mat shape, and these light padding and fibers are sewn integrally.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a vegetation mat used for greening roads, hillside slopes, riverbanks, riverbanks, and the like, and a greening method using the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a vegetation mat for greening using a coarse net which does not hinder the germination of plant seeds or the growth of young seeds, a sheet-like thin cotton is laminated on one side of the net. On the surface, plant seeds and fertilizers are bonded with a water-soluble adhesive, on one side of the net, coarse fibers such as coconut fibers are bonded with an adhesive, or on the other side of the bonded coarse fiber layer. Known is a vegetation mat supporting plant seeds, and a vegetation mat supporting plant seeds, with the supporting surface of the plant seeds on the back side, which is installed on a slope, etc. After plant seeds are sown on a slope or the like, they are placed on the slope or the like to cover the seeds. All vegetation mats are laid on slopes and fixed with stop skewers penetrating the net.

[0003] When the vegetation mat is laid in this manner, sheet rain falls off the net in the former vegetation mat due to rainfall after laying, and in the latter vegetation mat, plant seeds are difficult to be washed away due to rainfall or the like. And, since the coarse fibers themselves and the air in the fiber layer maintain heat retention, good germination of plant seeds can be expected,
The germ can be shielded from strong sunlight, which is very suitable for vegetation.

[0004]

However, in the vegetation mat having the above structure, coarse fibers are adhered to each other.
Because fibers cannot move, that is, as a vegetation mat itself, although there are many gaps between fibers,
Since the fibers are fixed in shape by adhesion and the size of the gap is constant, the sprouts of the germinated plant seeds are prevented from becoming thicker, and the germs are prevented from rising and elongating. However, it was often difficult to uniformly cover the vegetation on slopes and the like.

[0005] The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to prevent the rise and elongation of germs from being inhibited by a specific form of accumulation of fibers and to attach a fertilizer bag. Another object of the present invention is to provide a vegetation mat for revegetation, which enables a reliable and long-term vegetation coverage by a damping effect of a fertilizer bag and a long-term nutrient supply effect.

[0006]

The vegetation mat for greening according to the present invention which has attained the above-mentioned object has thin cotton laminated on one side of a net, and coarse fibers are deposited on the thin cotton at a substantially constant rate. It is characterized in that it is spread in a loose state of thickness to form a mat-like shape, and these are roughened and integrally sewn at coarse intervals. (Claim 1) It is also characterized in that fertilizer bags are attached at appropriate intervals to one surface of the coarse fiber mat, and these are coarsely sewn and integrally sewn at coarse intervals. (Claim 2)

[0007] The vegetation mat having the above-mentioned structure is similar to the conventional one.
It is installed so as to cover the plant seeds sown on the slope or the like, or as described in claim 3, carries vegetation materials such as fertilizers, water retention materials, soil improvement materials, etc. on one surface of the coarse fiber layer in addition to the plant seeds. When it is made, the surface where the vegetation material such as plant seeds is supported is placed on the back side, and this is installed on the slope, etc., and some of the coarse fibers will be buried in the slope soil due to rainfall etc. It is suitable in terms of vegetation, such as prevention of movement and loss of slope soil and prevention of movement and loss of plant seeds.

On the other hand, in the vegetation mat having the above-described structure, thin cotton or coarse fibers are not bonded with an adhesive as in the related art.
Since the coarse fibers are loosely accumulated so that they can move relative to each other, the germs of plant seeds that have been germinated and covered by this vegetation mat can easily expand and expand the coarse fibers, Therefore, according to the vegetation mat according to the present invention, since the coarse fibers do not inhibit the elongation of the germ, uniform vegetation coverage such as slopes can be favorably achieved by the growth of the germ.

Also, on one side of the coarse fiber layer, at regular intervals,
By attaching thin cotton and a fertilizer bag and sewing it so that it is integrated with the coarse fiber layer, when this vegetation mat is stuck on the slope, the soil covering effect of the thin cotton slope and The damping action of the fertilizer bag more reliably prevents migration and runoff on the slope soil, prevents sowing or migration of plant seeds attached to coarse fibers, and provides water supply and growth during seed germination. In this case, sufficient water is supplied to the plants and fertilizer is supplied for a long period of time, so that the plant can be maintained for a long time on the slope. When the fertilizer bag is mounted on the back side of the vegetation mat, that is, on the ground side, the above-described damming effect can be more exerted.

[0010] In terms of ecology, thin cotton is preferably made of easily corrodable fiber such as souff or rayon fiber.
As the coarse fibers, at least one of corrosive fibers such as wood wool and coconut fibers and a linear or belt-like biodegradable plastic fiber is selected (claim 4). If a biodegradable plastic fiber is selected (claim 5), almost all of the material disappears by the time the slope is covered with plants, leaving no residue on the site and is environmentally suitable. Yes, some of them corrode and exert their effect as nutrients for plants. In the case where the place of use of the present invention is a steep slope or a slope with a possibility of collapse with boulders, or at a time when sufficient vegetation coverage cannot be achieved for a long time, a part of nets or other materials constituting the vegetation mat or In some cases, corrosion-resistant plastic or the like may be used for all the materials, whereby a highly durable and strong vegetation mat can be formed.

When a wire mesh is attached to the surface of the vegetation mat (Claim 6), or the vegetation mat is laid on a slope or the like and then covered with a wire mesh (Claim 7),
Even in snowy and cold areas, the vegetation mat after construction is not broken by snow or the like, and the slope can be reliably protected for a long time. As described above, when using the vegetation mat of the present invention in a snowy cold region, thin cotton or the like is sewn on a wire mesh instead of the net (without using the net), or coarse fiber or the like is thinned on the thin cotton. After laying the layered product on the slope, the wire mesh may be covered.

[0012]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a vegetation mat 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG.

The vegetation mat 1 has a net 2 on which sheet-like thin cotton 3 is laminated on one surface, and a coarse fiber 4
Is spread loosely to a substantially constant thickness and loosely accumulated to form a coarse fiber layer 6, and these three members 2, 3, and 4 are sewn at a coarse seam 9 and at coarse intervals. Prior to the sewing or on the coarse fiber layer after the sewing, a vegetation material A obtained by appropriately mixing a plant seed b, a fertilizer c, a water retention material d, a soil improvement material e, and the like is supported using a water-soluble adhesive or the like. . In FIGS. 1 and 2, the vegetation mat 1 is upside down.

The net 2 is made of a single material such as polyethylene, biodegradable plastic, natural fiber, or a combination thereof, and is made of Russell weave, entangled weave,
Plain weave, manufactured by such means as heat fusion, coarse mesh that does not hinder the germination and growth of plant seeds, for example,
The mesh size is set to about 1.5 cm × 5 cm. In the above-mentioned combination method, there is a method in which the warp or the weft is limited to one of the single fibers, and the warp or the weft is knitted every other or every several fibers and repeated. For example, every other biodegradable plastic yarn may be used as a jute yarn of natural fibers, and the other yarns may be used every other yarn.

As another embodiment of the net 2, at least one of the warp and the weft constituting the net is made up of natural fibers, for example, jute fibers and biodegradable plastic yarns. Simply insert into the warp or weft chain) 1.0-
In some cases, a net having a mesh size of 5.0 cm is knitted, and the biodegradable yarn functions as a reinforcing material for a while (about two years) even after the natural fiber is corroded in a short period of time. Alignment or insertion of biodegradable yarn is one of the yarns constituting the net.
May be placed every other book or every few books.

As the above-mentioned net 2, when strength and durability are required, a metal or plastic net can be used economically advantageously, but it does not leave any residue on the site and is environmentally friendly. It is preferable to use a corrosive material in order to reduce the load on the net, such as a net made of jute, a net made of viscose rayon, a net made of polyvinyl alcohol fiber, etc., or a biodegradable net. A net made of a conductive plastic fiber can be used. The net of such an easily erasable material is mainly used on the front side of the vegetation mat 1, but sometimes it is used on the back side (slope side). In this case, the upper and lower nets are sewn in a sandwich shape. , The shape stability of the vegetation mat 1 is good,
The net disappears in a short period of time after the vegetation mat 1 is attached to the slope or the like, and the coarse fibers and the plant seeds and other vegetation materials attached thereto adhere to the slope soil, and the slope soil and the vegetation material Can be reliably prevented from moving and spilling. At the same time, the plant seeds start germinating at an early stage and can form vegetation cover in a short time.

The thin cotton 3 used in the present invention is formed in the shape of a sheet. For example, thin cotton of synthetic fiber such as polyester, thin cotton such as soup or rayon (25 to 50 g / m 2)
Is formed on a sheet, and is configured to be dispersed early by moisture.

The sheet-like thin cotton 3 and the net 2 are
Is a net 2 made of a material with a fluffy surface such as palm fiber or palm hair, a sheet-like thin cotton 3 is superimposed on one side of the net 2 and pressed with a roller or the like,
The fibers of the thin cotton 3 can be integrated by being entangled with the net 2. However, when the net 2 is made of a plastic fiber such as polyethylene, the net 2 is made of a water-soluble material such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). In some cases, the two 2 and 3 are integrated by bonding using an adhesive.

As the coarse fibers 4, logs of wood wool (cedar, cypress, red pine, etc.) having a thickness of 0.1 to 0.3 mm and a width of 1.5 to 2.5 mm are used.
It is generally used as a packing material, having a length of about 3.0 to 45 cm. ) Is selected and the net 2 is selected to have a mesh size of about 3 to 10 cm so as to prevent the wood wool 4 from falling off. The pitch P of the seam 9 is set to 3 to 15 cm, and the interval L is set to 5 to 20 cm.
Thus, the three persons 2, 3, and 4 are sewn.

FIG. 3 shows another embodiment in which a fertilizer bag 10 in which an elongated bag or a band-like bag is mainly filled with a slow-acting fertilizer is placed on a thin cotton 3 laminated on a net 2.
Over the width direction, placed in the longitudinal direction at intervals of 20 to 100 cm, and further, a coarse fiber layer 6 such as a wool fiber layer is laminated thereon, and the pitch P of the seam 9 is set to 3 to 15 cm. And at intervals L of 5 to 20 cm, the above four persons 2, 3, 1
0, 4 are sewn. In addition, when the wool 4 is accumulated in a mat shape, the wool 4 is
Sometimes cut to 5 cm.

The fertilizer bag 10 has a diameter of 2.0, for example.
Using an elongated bag of ~ 5.0cm, as the filling in the bag,
It is mainly composed of a resin-coated fertilizer or a slow-acting fertilizer that is solidified to suppress dissolution, and is filled with a mixture of organic substances such as vermiculite, perlite, and peat moss as a water retention material. As the material of the bag,
Nonwoven fabrics of chemical fibers such as polyester are economical, but when using corrosive materials such as nonwoven fabrics made of cotton, cloth, and biodegradable plastic fibers, they are corroded by microorganisms in the soil and do not leave residue on site In terms of less burden on the environment.

The form and the mounting method of the fertilizer bag 10 may be, for example, as shown in FIG.
A small bag having a length of 0 cm and a length of 10 to 15 cm is used, and may be attached to the vegetation mat 1 in a dotted manner, which is more economical than the vegetation mat 1 of FIG.

As the net 2 and the sewing thread 8 for sewing the wood wool 4 and the fertilizer bag 10 on the net 2,
Chemical fiber yarns are strong, economical and effective, but in order to be ecologically suitable, it is effective to use corrosive fibers or biodegradable plastic fibers. As another embodiment, in order to maintain the strength of the vegetation mat 1 for a certain period of time, a thread made of chemical fiber is used in combination, or the vegetation mat 1 is brought into close contact with an uneven slope surface early. In order to cause the vegetation mat 1 to maintain a certain level of strength, the water-soluble thread is allowed to absorb water while alternately or every other thread 8 is used. As soon as they match, they dissolve and the vegetation mat 1 is brought into close contact with the slope surface (see FIG. 4, especially (B)). When the slope of the slope is gentle or the slope has relatively soft soil, the sewing thread 8 consisting of only the water-soluble thread may be used.

Wood wool is selected as the coarse fiber 4 because it is easily available and inexpensive, and as an effective use of thinned wood that is discharged in large quantities, and as a corrosive material suitable in terms of ecology. Instead of this, coconut fiber, pulverized material such as woody construction waste material, pulverized tree pruned material, corrosive fiber such as foliage of grasses such as straw and reed, and linear or band-shaped biodegradable plastic fiber are used. Even if it is selected, it is preferable in terms of ecology, and a plurality of these fibers may be appropriately selected and mixed for use. If the construction site is steep or there is a risk of falling rocks, the coarse fibers 3 may be made of metal fibers (metal scourers) that do not easily corrode or corrosion-resistant plastic fibers made of wood. Sometimes used in the same way as hair.

FIG. 3 shows an embodiment using a fertilizer bag of a vegetation mat 1 for greening according to the present invention. As shown in the partially enlarged cross-sectional view of FIG.
Vegetative material A
A mixture of a plant seed 12 and at least one of a fertilizer 14, a water retention material 15, and a soil improvement material 16 is used. The vegetation material A is adhered and supported on the coarse fiber layer 6 in the other embodiments of the present invention in addition to the above-described embodiment.

Further, the above three members 2, 3, 4 may be sewn vertically and horizontally (not shown) instead of being sewn in only one direction as shown in FIG. The pitch P of the seam 9 is set to be the same as the interval L as described above,
3 to 1 according to the seam 9 of the vegetation mat 1 shown in FIG.
It is optional to make it 5 cm. Further, when the mounting surface of the vegetation material A such as the fertilizer bag 10 and the plant seed is mounted on the lower side, that is, on the side of the slope, the damping effect of the fertilizer bag can be more exhibited, and the plant seeds and the like can be brought into early contact with the slope soil. It is possible to prevent plant seeds and germinated seedlings from drying out, and to ensure reliable slope planting.

As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the vegetation mat 1 having the above-described structure has a stop skewer that penetrates the vegetation mat 1 on the slope N, for example, with the supporting surface of the vegetation material A including plant seeds on the back side. Fixed at 17.

Then, by the rainfall or water sprinkling after the installation of the vegetation mat 1, the thin cotton 3 and the coarse fiber layer 6 become heavy and contain water, and are closely attached to the slope surface to germinate the plant seeds.
After the growth, the slope N is greened. The coarse fibers 4 provided in the vegetation mat 1 are loosely accumulated so that they can move with each other, and as the germ of the plant seed 12 elongates, Since the sprouts are not easily hindered by the growth of the coarse fibers 4 because they move easily, the germ can be easily expanded by pushing and expanding the coarse fibers 4. Vegetation will be uniformly covered.

FIG. 4B shows a state where the vegetation mat 1 has been constructed for a while.
The sewing thread 8 sewn is corroded or disappears, and the vegetation material A including the plant seeds 12, the thin cotton 3, the coarse fibers 4, and the fertilizer bag 10
And the like are in close contact with the concave portions of the slope N.
In particular, when the vegetation mat 1 is sewn with the sewing thread 8 made of corrosive fiber or biodegradable plastic as described above, and using a water-soluble thread that is easily lost, the vegetation mat 1 is attached to the slope N. When constructed, the sewing thread 8 corrodes or decomposes in a short time, the coarse fibers 4 become looser, the vegetation mat 1 adheres to the slope N, and the seedlings of the plants that germinate and grow on the slope N are formed. This is preferable because the inhibition of the bud elongation is further reduced.

Although the vegetation mat 1 having the above-described structure supports the vegetation material A including the plant seed 12 on one side thereof, it is not always necessary to support the vegetation material A. Even if the mat 1 does not carry the vegetation material A, if the vegetation material A including the plant seed is sown on the slope N or the like, and the vegetation mat 1 is installed so as to cover the vegetation material A including the plant seed, As described above, the germinated germ pushes and expands the coarse fiber 4 and easily ascends and elongates, so that the slope N is uniformly covered with vegetation by germination and growth of the plant seed.

As the vegetation mat 1, the thin cotton 3, the coarse fibers 4 and the fertilizer bag 10 are sandwiched between two nets 2 and sewn, or the net 2 is arranged only on one side of the coarse fibers. The net 2, the thin cotton 3, the coarse fiber 4, and the fertilizer bag 10 may be sewn. At this time, the vegetation material A including the plant seeds 12 to be carried as necessary.
This may be carried on either the surface portion of the coarse fiber layer 6 on the net side or on the side where the net does not exist.

Desirably, when the vegetation mat 1 is constructed on the slope, the net 2 is on the top, the thin cotton 3 is on the bottom, the coarse fiber layer 6 carrying the vegetation material A, and the bottom (the slope). The fertilizer bags 10 are arranged so as to be stacked and sewn. In this case,
As shown in the enlarged view of FIG. 5 (B), the coarse fibers 4 loosely laminated are more remarkably shaped such that a part of the fibers of the coarse fibers 4 dig into the surface soil such as a slope. The vegetation material A containing immediately adheres to the slope surface soil, immediately starts germination without receiving drying, and the greening of the slope and the certainty of the vegetation cover become higher.

If the fertilizer bags 10 are arranged on the lowermost layer (slope side) as described above, the fertilizer bags 10 are closely contacted in parallel at predetermined intervals along the slope of the slope. In addition, the blocking effect by the fertilizer bag 10 is further exhibited.

When the vegetation mat 1 of the present invention is used in a cold snowy area or the like, the surface of the vegetation mat 1 is covered with a wire mesh 18 (wires 13 to 16) having a mesh size of 5 to 7 cm (FIG. 6). ) May be used, and in this case, the vegetation mat 1 is not broken due to snow and the like after the construction, and the slope can be surely protected for a long time. Other methods of using the wire net 18 are as follows: instead of the net 2, the thin wire 3 or the like is sewn on the wire net 18 (without using the net), or the coarse fiber 4 or the other is sewn on the thin cotton 3 and sewn. After the laid mat is laid on the slope, the wire mesh 18 may be covered. This is effective in enhancing the strength and durability functions in the cold snowy regions and the like.

[0035]

As described above, according to the present invention, in a vegetation mat for greening, coarse fibers are loosely accumulated and coarsely sewn so that the coarse fibers move mutually with the growth of the young shoots. Therefore, according to the vegetation mat having such a configuration, since the elongation of the germ is not inhibited by the coarse fibers, the slope coating with the plant is favorably achieved. Furthermore, in the vegetation mat for greening of the present invention, since the fertilizer bag is laminated and sewn together with coarse fibers,
Along with the effect of damming the slope soil by itself, it can supply fertilizer nutrients for a long period of time, prevent plants growing on the slope from declining due to lack of fertilizer, etc., and maintain long-term vegetation coverage Can be.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of the present invention and showing a state of lamination of respective materials.

FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the present invention, and is a perspective view and a partially enlarged cross-sectional view showing a lamination form of each material by sewing.

FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the present invention using a fertilizer bag,
It is the perspective view which shows the lamination form of each raw material, and the partial cross-section enlarged view of this.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a state where a vegetation mat for greening of the present invention is constructed on a slope. (A) is a cross-sectional view immediately after construction,
(B) is a sectional view showing a situation in which the sewing thread has been corroded or collapsed or disappeared after a while.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the operation of the vegetation mat of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view and a cross-sectional enlarged view showing a construction example in which a vegetation mat is covered with a wire net according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing an example in which fertilizer bags are scattered in another embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 ... vegetation mat, 2 ... net, 3 ... thin cotton, 4 ... coarse fiber, 10 ... fertilizer bag, 8 ... sewing thread, 9 ... seam, 12 ... plant seed, L ... seam interval.

 ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuing from the front page (72) Inventor Mitsunaga Sojun 590-1 Takao, Tsuyama-shi, Okayama Japan Vegetation Co., Ltd. F-term (reference) 2B022 AB02 BA12 BA14 BA23 BB02 2D044 DA12

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A sheet-like thin cotton is laminated on one side of a net, and a coarse fiber is spread on the thin cotton into a loose state having a substantially constant thickness to form a mat-like shape, and the seams are roughened. And a vegetation mat for greening characterized by being integrally sewn at coarse intervals. 2. A sheet-like thin cotton is laminated on one side of a net, and coarse fibers are spread on the thin cotton in a loose state having a substantially constant thickness to form a mat. A vegetation mat for greening, characterized in that fertilizer bags are attached to one surface at appropriate intervals, and these are roughened and integrally sewn at coarse intervals. 3. The vegetation mat for greening according to claim 1, wherein the plant seeds or at least one of a fertilizer, a water retention material, and a soil improvement material in addition to the plant seeds is supported on coarse fibers. 4. The vegetation mat for greening according to claim 1, wherein the coarse fibers are corrosive fibers such as wood wool and coconut fibers, and linear or biodegradable plastic fibers. 5. The vegetation for greening according to claim 1, wherein the net and a sewing thread for sewing coarse fibers on the net are made of corrosive fibers or biodegradable plastic fibers. mat. 6. A vegetation mat for greening, wherein a wire mesh is sewn integrally with the vegetation mat at least on an upper surface side of the vegetation mat for greening according to any one of claims 1 to 5. 7. A vegetation mat for greening, wherein the vegetation mat for greening according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is laid on a slope, and a wire mesh is coated and attached on at least an upper surface side. Greening method.