JP2001236805A - Illumination device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an illumination device with a cap whose internal space is efficiently utilized. SOLUTION: A housing body 4 has an internal bottom mounting a block 81, containing a direct current source 80 and a DC/DC converter 81 for driving a lighting device 8. A block 82, containing an inverter circuit 82 and a lighting voltage generator 83 for completing the lighting device 8 is formed integrally with or is fixed mechanically in a cap 3 molded of a synthetic resin.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a lighting device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a lighting device such as a vehicle headlight using a discharge bulb, there is a lighting device having a structure as shown in FIG.

In this conventional example, as shown in FIG. 11 (a), a lens 1 is attached to a front opening, and an opening window 2 for attaching and detaching a valve socket is opened at a rear bottom portion. A housing body 4 to which the cap 3 is attached, a reflector 5 disposed in the housing body 4, and a reflector 5 disposed behind the reflector 5 so as to face an opening at the center rear of the reflector 5, Discharge bulb 6 mounted
And a lighting device 8 configured to provide a lighting power and a starting voltage to a discharge bulb 6 mounted on the bulb socket 7 to start and light the lamp. .

The lighting device 8 is fixed to the outer lower surface of the housing body 4 with screws 13, and the output side electric wire 9 is introduced into the housing body 4 through an opening 10 opened in the outer lower surface of the housing body 4. A plug 11a provided at one end of a power supply line 11 introduced into the housing body 4 through the opening 10 is connected to a connector 14 connected to the valve socket 7 in the cap 4 and penetrating the cap 3. It is.

The lighting device 8 fixed to the outer lower surface of the housing body 4 is covered with a cover 12 fixed to the outer lower surface of the housing body 4 by screws 15.

As shown in FIG. 11B, a lighting device 8 receives a DC supplied from a vehicle-mounted battery via a connector 10 and a power supply line 11, and smoothes a fluctuating voltage. A DC / DC converter 81 that reduces or boosts a DC voltage output from the DC power supply unit 80 to a predetermined DC voltage;
An inverter circuit 82 that alternates the DC voltage output from the converter 81 into a rectangular wave voltage and a starting voltage generating circuit 83 that generates a high voltage for starting the discharge bulb 6 are configured as components. It is in a form that is housed in one.

The power supply line 11 is electrically connected to a DC power supply section 80 by connecting a plug 11b provided at the other end to a connector 85 provided on the side surface of the case 84.

[0008]

However, in the above-described conventional configuration, the space in the housing body 4 and the space in the cap 3 have not been effectively used.

Further, it is necessary to waterproof the opening window 2 of the housing body 4 to which the cap 3 is attached and the opening 10 formed on the lower surface of the housing body 4 by using an O-ring 86 or the like.

Further, in the lighting device 8, a DC power supply unit 80 and a DC / DC converter 81, which are components that generate heat, are provided.
However, since it is housed in the same case 84 as a non-heat-generating component using control electronic components, it is necessary to protect heat-sensitive electronic components.

The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object of the present invention is to provide a lighting device which makes effective use of the space in a cap.

A second object of the present invention is to provide a safe lighting apparatus in which a high-voltage booster of a starting voltage generating circuit is not exposed, in addition to the object of the first invention.

[0013] The object of the invention of claim 3 is that of claim 1 or 2
In addition to the object of the present invention, in addition to the object of claim 1 or 2, the structure of the lamp can be simplified, the assemblability can be improved, the number of parts can be reduced, and the stress of electronic parts that are vulnerable to heat can be reduced. It is another object of the present invention to provide a lighting device in which a mold for manufacturing a housing body is made inexpensive.

[0014] The object of the invention of claim 4 is, in addition to the object of the invention of claim 1, to simplify the structure of the lamp, improve the assemblability and reduce the number of parts, and provide an electronic component which is weak to heat. An object of the present invention is to provide a lighting device that can reduce stress and that can reduce the cost of a mold for manufacturing a housing body.

[0015] The object of the invention of claim 5 is that of claim 1 or 2
In addition to the object of the invention, the structure of the lamp can be simplified, the assemblability can be improved, the number of parts can be reduced, and the stress of electronic components that are vulnerable to heat can be reduced. An object of the present invention is to provide a lighting device whose mold is inexpensive.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a lighting device which realizes a vehicle headlamp which can achieve the object of any one of the first to fifth aspects of the present invention.

[0017]

In order to achieve the above object, according to the first aspect of the present invention, a housing body having a lens attached to a front opening, a reflector provided in the housing body, A discharge bulb inserted into the reflector through a rear opening of the reflector is mounted on a bulb socket arranged outside the rear of the reflector, and a valve socket is provided at a rear opening of the housing body. And a lamp comprising a cap
In a lighting device comprising a lighting device for starting and lighting the discharge bulb, at least a part of components constituting the lighting device is disposed in the cap.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the present invention, a starting voltage generating trigger portion of a starting voltage generating circuit for generating a high starting voltage, which is a component of the lighting device, is disposed in the cap. The high voltage booster is built in the valve socket.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the first or second aspect of the present invention, a component that generates heat among the components of the lighting device is disposed outside the lamp, and a component that does not generate heat is disposed within the cap. The electric connection between the heat-generating component and the non-heat-generating component is made through the cap.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the present invention, the heat-generating component among the components of the lighting device is disposed in the cap, and the heat-generating component is provided inside the lamp other than the cap. It is characterized by being arranged.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the first or second aspect of the present invention, a component that does not generate heat among the components of the lighting device is disposed in a cap, and the component that generates heat is a component of a lamp other than the cap. It is characterized by being arranged inside.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in any one of the first to fifth aspects of the present invention, the translucent material is a lens, and constitutes a vehicle headlamp.

[0023]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described below with reference to embodiments.

(Embodiment 1) In the present embodiment, the components of the lighting device 6 are not disposed outside the housing body 4 made of a synthetic resin molded product (or made of metal), and an opening is formed on the lower surface of the conventional housing body 4. This eliminates the opening, thus improving the mounting properties and simplifying the structure of the housing body 4.

[0025] And the inside bottom of the housing body 4 of the lighting device 8 for example, by disposing the block 8 ₁ consisting of the DC power supply unit 80, DC / DC converter 81 is a component which generates heat as shown in FIG. 2, valve desorption open window 2 to the adherend to a synthetic resin molded article (or metal) block 8 ₂ the inner cap 3 consisting of the inverter circuit 82 and the starting voltage generating circuit 83 which is the remaining components of the lighting device 8 The cap 3 is provided by being integrally fixed or mechanically fixed. The DC power supply unit 8 is composed of a smoothing capacitor or the like for smoothing the fluctuation of the DC voltage from the battery, and generates heat because a large charge / discharge current flows. Further, since a large current flows through the switching element of the DC / DC converter 81, heat generation due to switching loss is large.

The housing body 4 has a lens 1 made of a light-transmitting material attached to the front opening thereof, and a reflector 5 disposed therein. Although not shown in the drawing, the reflector 5 is held in the housing body 4 by known support means.

Then, both blocks 8 ₁ , 8 _{2 of the} lighting device 8
Are connected by wires 16, also block 8 ₂ output wires 9 derived from is connected to the bulb socket 7 which is disposed so as to face the rear opening of the reflector 5. A discharge bulb 6 inserted into the reflector 5 is mounted on a front portion of the bulb socket 7. The replacement of the discharge bulb 5 is performed by removing the cap 3 and taking out the entire bulb socket 7 from the housing body 4 through the open window 2 opened.

[0028] Since the block ₈₂ consisting of some of the components of the lighting device 8 is Thus by the present embodiment is arranged in the cap 3, the attachment at the same time of lighting device 8 to the housing body 4 of the cap 3 Installation will be possible. In addition, only the mounting portion of the cap 3 needs to be waterproof, so that the mounting property can be improved and the structure of the housing body 4 can be simplified.

Further, since the components that generate heat and the components that are susceptible to heat are separately arranged in different blocks 8 ₁ and 8 ₂ , the stress of electronic components susceptible to heat generation can be reduced, and as a result, inexpensive electronic components can be used. Can be used.

When the housing body 4 is formed of a synthetic resin by reducing the number of openings of the housing body 4, the manufacturing cost of the mold is reduced. (Embodiment 2) This embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, arranged to block ₈₁ consisting of some of the components of the lighting device 8 to the inner bottom portion of the housing body 4, consisting of the remaining components block 8 ₂ has been integrally molded or disposed within the cap 3, the present embodiment is the starting voltage generating trigger portion 83a of the starting voltage generating circuit 83 in the cap 3 as shown in FIG. 4
Is similar to that of the first embodiment except that the high voltage booster 83b composed of the pulse transformer of the starting voltage generating circuit 83 is separated and incorporated in the valve socket 7. .

[0031] In this case one of the blocks a component that generates heat, for example, constitute a 8 _1, constitute the other block component having a weak electronic components to the heat generating, for example, the 8 _2,
This embodiment is the same as the first embodiment in that components that generate heat and electronic components that are weak to generate heat are separated.

The same components as those of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and only the features of this embodiment will be described, and the description of the other components will be omitted.

In this embodiment, as in the first embodiment, a block 8 ₂ composed of some components of the lighting device 8 is used.
Is provided on the cap 3, so that the lighting device 8 can be mounted simultaneously with the mounting of the cap 3 on the housing body 4. In addition, only the mounting portion of the cap 3 is required for the waterproof portion, so that the mounting property can be improved and the structure of the housing body 4 can be simplified.

Further the components that generate heat, for arranging weak and components respectively separated into different blocks _81, 82 to the heating, can be reduced weak electronic component stress heating, results inexpensive electronic components Can be used.

When the housing body 4 is formed of a synthetic resin by reducing the opening of the housing body 4, the manufacturing cost of the mold is reduced.

Further, since the high-voltage boosting portion 83b of the starting voltage generating circuit 83 is disposed in the valve socket 7, the high-voltage line for generating the high-voltage pulse is not exposed to the outside and is safe. Since only the high-voltage boosting section 83b is housed in 7, the size of the valve socket 7 can be avoided.

The inner (Embodiment 3) comprising the first and second embodiments DC power supply unit 80 is a component of the inner heating of the components of the lighting device 8 in, DC / DC converter 81 block ₈₁ the housing body 4 Although it is arranged at the bottom, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG.
It is characterized in that it is arranged outside.

In the case of this embodiment, it is disposed in the cap 3, the inverter circuit 82, to become block 8 ₂ from the starting voltage generating circuit 83, an external block ₈₁ and a cap 3
Are electrically connected to a socket provided on the outer surface of the device by an electric wire 18 connected by a plug 17. Figure 6 shows the structure of a block _81, 82.

The other components are the same as those of the first and second embodiments, so that the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted. The starting voltage generation circuit 83 includes a high voltage booster 83
b and the starting voltage generation trigger unit 83a may be separated as in the second embodiment.

In this embodiment, since the components that generate heat can be provided outside the housing body 4,
Since the heat is easily dissipated and the socket is connected to the plug 17, an opening for connecting to an external circuit is not required, and the waterproof portion is only the mounting portion of the cap 3 as in the first and second embodiments. As a result, the mounting properties can be improved and the structure of the housing body 4 can be simplified.

[0041] because it is further arranged to block ₈₂ is the cap 3 made of some of the components of the lighting device 8, so that can be performed at the same time mounting of the lighting device 8 and attached to the housing body 4 of the cap 3 .

Further, since the components that generate heat and the components that are susceptible to heat are separately arranged in different blocks 8 ₁ and 8 ₂ , the stress of the electronic components susceptible to heat generation can be reduced, and as a result, inexpensive electronic components can be used. Can be used.

Furthermore, when the housing body 4 is formed of a synthetic resin by reducing the opening of the housing body 4, the production cost of the mold is reduced.

Further, as in the second embodiment, the valve socket 7
If the high-voltage boosting section 83b of the starting voltage generating circuit 83 is disposed inside the high-voltage boosting section 83b, the high-voltage line for generating the high-voltage pulse f is not exposed to the outside and it is safe. Since only the valve socket 7 is stored, an increase in the size of the valve socket 7 can be avoided. Fourth Embodiment In the first and second embodiments, the inverter circuit 82 of the lighting device 8 and the starting voltage generation circuit 8 are provided on the cap 3 side.
A three block 8 ₂ disposed, but the block ₈₁ consisting of the DC power supply unit 80, DC / DC converter 81 is a component that generates heat is arranged inside the bottom of the housing body 4, the present embodiment As shown in FIG. 7, the inverter circuit 8 of the lighting device 8 is provided on the inner bottom of the housing body 4.
2, arranged a block ₈₂ consisting of the starting voltage generating circuit 83, a DC power supply unit 80 is a component that generates heat, DC / D
Block 8 ₁ consisting of C converter 81 is disposed by integral molding or mechanical securing to the cap 3, connects the bulb socket 7 and block 8 ₂ in wires 9, block 8 ₁ and 8 ₂ and the wire 16 Connected by

[0045] Figure 8 shows the configuration of a block _81, 82. Note that other configurations are the same as those of the first and second embodiments, so that the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof will be omitted.

[0046] Since the block ₈₁ consisting of some components of Thus to the lighting device in the present embodiment 8 is arranged in the cap 3, the attachment at the same time of lighting device 8 to the housing body 4 of the cap 3 Installation will be possible. In addition, only the mounting portion of the cap 3 needs to be waterproof, so that the mounting property can be improved and the structure of the housing body 4 can be simplified.

Further the components that generate heat, for disposing by separating the weak components respectively different blocks _81, 82 to the heating, can be reduced weak electronic component stress heating, results inexpensive electronic components Can be used.

Further, since the opening of the housing body 4 is reduced, when the housing body 4 is molded with a synthetic resin, the production cost of the mold is reduced.

Further, the DC power supply unit 8
It is possible only by converting the side of the cap 3 provided with the DC / DC converter 81, and the inverter circuit 82 and the starting voltage generating circuit 83 independent of the input voltage can be integrally formed with the housing body 4. (Embodiment 5) This embodiment those characterized by a structure mounted on the block ₈₁ of the cap 3 being a DC power supply unit 80 and the DC / DC converter 81 in the embodiment 4, the cap 3 as shown in FIG. 9 It is integrally molded or mechanically attached to the cap 3 so as to penetrate inside and outside, and a plug 21 provided at one end of a power cable 20 connected to a battery is connected to a surface exposed to the outside of the cap 3. Connector for input (input coupler)
22 is exposed. An output connector (output coupler) 24 for connecting the plug 23 of the electric wire 16 is exposed on the surface located inside the cap 3. The input connector 22 is connected to the input terminal of the DC power supply unit 80, and the output connector 24 is connected to the output terminal of the DC / DC converter 81.

Thus, in this embodiment, the DC power supply unit 80, the DC / D
The heat of the C converter 81 can be radiated to the outside, and the heat of the discharge bulb 6 from the inside can also be radiated to the outside. In particular, by forming the cap 3 with a metal, the heat radiation effect becomes excellent. In the case of forming the cap 3 by the metal, the heat dissipation easy if integrated by insert molding the resin case portion and a cap 3 for accommodating a block _81. Further, a metal plate may be buried in the cap 3 made of synthetic resin to achieve heat radiation.

Input and output connectors 22, 24
This facilitates wiring connection.

Further, the DC power supply 8
0, it is possible only by converting the cap 3 side on which the DC / DC converter 81 is disposed.

Other configurations are the same as those of the fourth embodiment, and therefore are omitted here.

[0054] (Embodiment 6) This embodiment inverter circuit 82 of the lighting device 8 in the cap 3, is disposed a block ₈₂ consisting of the starting voltage generating circuit 83, other blocks 8 ₁
Is disposed on the inner bottom of the housing body 4 in the same manner as in the first embodiment, but as shown in FIG.
_The valve socket 7 is integrally provided on the surface corresponding to the _second housing body 4, and the input terminal 25b is provided on the surface of the flange 3a provided on the periphery of the opening of the cap 3 on the housing body 4 side. It is characterized in that an output terminal 25a of a DC / DC converter 81 is provided on the rear surface of the housing body 4 around the opening window 2 which is in contact with and electrically connected to the input terminal 25b.

In this embodiment, when the cap 3 is attached to the opening window 2 of the housing body 4, the blocks 8 ₁ , 8 ₂ are contacted by the terminals 25a, 25b.
Are electrically connected.

Also, by removing the cap 3 from the housing body 4, the bulb socket 7 can be taken out, so that the discharge bulb 6 can be easily replaced.
By attaching the valve, the valve socket 7 can be mounted at the same time, and in addition, both blocks 8 ₁ and 8 ₂ can be electrically connected, so that the workability of mounting and wiring is good. Furthermore, since the wiring of the high voltage boosting section of the starting voltage generating circuit 83 is not exposed, it is safe.

Further, as in the other embodiments, only the mounting portion of the cap 3 is required for the waterproof portion, so that the mounting property can be improved and the structure of the housing body 4 can be simplified. Furthermore as the components for heating, for arranging weak and components respectively separated into different blocks _81, 82 to the heating, can be reduced weak electronic component stress heating, results the use of inexpensive electronic components Becomes possible.

In each of the above embodiments, some components of the lighting device 8 are disposed in the cap 3. However, the number of openings in the housing body 4 can be reduced, and
If attention is paid to the point of effective use of the space in the inside, all the components of the lighting device 8 may be arranged in the cap 3.

Each of the blocks 8 ₁ and 8 ₂ of the lighting device 8 is constituted by housing components in a metal or resin case.
It may be constituted by a printed circuit board on which component parts are mounted.

[0060]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, a housing body having a lens attached to a front opening, a reflector disposed in the housing body, and a reflector inserted into the reflector from a rear opening. A lamp comprising a bulb socket mounted with a discharge bulb and arranged outside the rear of the reflector, a cap attached to a valve socket mounting / detaching opening opened at the rear of the housing body; and In a lighting device including a lighting device for starting and lighting a bulb, since at least a part of the components constituting the lighting device is disposed in the cap, it is possible to effectively use the space in the cap. It is possible to attach at least a part of the lighting device at the same time when attaching the cap, and it is said that the attachment workability is good. There is a result.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the present invention, a starting voltage generating trigger portion of a starting voltage generating circuit for generating a high starting voltage, which is a component of the lighting device, is provided in the cap. Since the high-voltage boosting section is built in the valve socket, the high-voltage boosting section is not exposed and is safe in addition to the effect of the first aspect.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the first or second aspect of the present invention, a component that generates heat among the components of the lighting device is disposed outside the lamp, and a component that does not generate heat is disposed within the cap. Since the electrical connection between the component that generates heat and the component that does not generate heat is made through the portion of the cap, the opening of the housing body has an opening in which the cap is attached in addition to the effect of the invention of claim 1 or 2. It is one place for windows, so only one place is required for waterproofing, simplifying the structure of the lamp, improving the assemblability and reducing the number of parts, and separating the components that generate heat from those that do not generate heat. Therefore, the stress of heat-sensitive electronic components can be reduced, and as a result, inexpensive components can be used as the electronic components, and the housing body is made of synthetic resin because the opening of the housing body is reduced. If you want to form, there is an effect that the mold of the production cost is inexpensive.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the present invention, the heat-generating component among the components of the lighting device is disposed in the cap, and the heat-generating component is provided inside the lamp other than the cap. Since it is arranged, in addition to the effects of the invention of claim 1 or 2, the opening of the housing body becomes one place of the opening window to which the cap is attached, so that only one place is required for waterproofing. , Simplification of assembly, improvement of assemblability and reduction of the number of parts, and separation of components that generate heat from components that do not generate heat can reduce the stress of heat-sensitive electronic components, resulting in inexpensive electronic components. When the housing body is formed of synthetic resin because the opening of the housing body is reduced, there is an effect that the manufacturing cost of the mold is reduced.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the first or second aspect of the present invention, a component that does not generate heat among the components of the lighting device is disposed in a cap, and the component that generates heat is a component of a lamp other than the cap. Since it is arranged inside, in addition to the effects of the invention of claim 1 or 2, the opening of the housing body becomes one place of the opening window to which the cap is attached, so that only one place is required for waterproofing. The structure can be simplified, the assemblability can be improved, and the number of components can be reduced. In addition, since components that generate heat can be separated from components that do not generate heat, the stress of electronic components that are vulnerable to heat can be reduced, resulting in low cost as electronic components. When the housing body is formed of a synthetic resin, the cost of the mold is reduced.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in any one of the first to fifth aspects, the light-transmitting material is a lens and constitutes a vehicle headlamp. A vehicle headlamp having the effects of the invention can be provided.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a configuration of a block including components of the lighting device used in the lighting device;

FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a configuration explanatory view showing a relationship between a block of a cap lighting device and a bulb socket used in the above.

FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional view of Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of a configuration of a block including components of the lighting device used in the lighting device.

FIG. 7 is a schematic sectional view of Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of a configuration of a block including components of the lighting device used in the lighting device.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of a configuration of a main part according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a configuration explanatory view of a main part according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11A is a schematic sectional view of a conventional example. (B)
FIG. 4 is a configuration explanatory view of the lighting device of the above.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Lens 2 Opening window 3 Cap 4 Housing body 5 Reflector 6 Discharge bulb 7 Valve socket 8 Lighting device 8 ₁ , 8 ₂ Block 9 Electric wire 16 Electric wire

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) F21V 29/00 F21M 3/02 A 31/00 7/00 J // F21W 101: 10 M F21Y 101: 00 (72) Inventor Noriyuki Sato 1048 Kadoma, Kadoma, Osaka Pref. Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. (72) Inventor Haruo Nagase 1048 Kadoma, Kadoma, Kadoma, Osaka Pref. LA03 LB05 NA04 3K042 AA08 AC06 BA04 BA08 BB01 BC01 CC09 CC10

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A bulb socket mounted on a housing body, a reflector disposed in the housing body, and a discharge bulb inserted into the reflector from a rear opening of the reflector and arranged behind the reflector. When,
A lamp for irradiating the light of the discharge bulb to the outside from a front part made of a light-transmitting material, comprising: a cap attached to a bulb detachable opening which is opened at a rear part of the housing body; and starting the discharge bulb. -A lighting device comprising a lighting device for lighting, wherein at least a part of components constituting the lighting device is disposed in the cap. 2. A starting voltage generating trigger section of a starting voltage generating circuit for generating a starting high voltage, which is a component of the lighting device, is disposed in the cap, and a high voltage boosting section is incorporated in a valve socket. The lighting device according to claim 1, wherein: 3. A component that generates heat among the components of the lighting device is disposed outside the lamp, and a component that does not generate heat is disposed in a cap. The lighting device according to claim 1, wherein the electrical connection is made through a portion of the cap. 4. The lighting device according to claim 1, wherein the components of the lighting device that generate heat are disposed in the cap, and the components that generate heat are disposed inside the lamp other than the cap. Lighting equipment. 5. The lighting device according to claim 1, wherein components of the lighting device that do not generate heat are disposed in the cap, and components that generate heat are disposed inside the lamp other than the cap. The lighting device according to the above. 6. The lighting device according to claim 1, wherein the light-transmitting material is a lens, and constitutes a vehicle headlamp.