JP2001227451A - Wind/water force vane wheel by reversing blade - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To develop a device to be used for power generation by rotating a small-sized or ultra-large-sized vane wheel by efficiently utilizing both of lift and drag generated in the vane wheel by wind force/water flow force/wave force. SOLUTION: The problem is solved by unnecessitating a directional control by the vane wheel in which reversing blades 1 capable of freely rotating by a fixed angle are arranged on a cylindrical surface or a horizontal disc and by efficiently converting not only lift but also drag to be just a negative factor in a propeller-type windmill into rotational force.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a technology for converting wind power, water flow power, and wave power into rotational power for power generation, mainly for power generation.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art At present, a horizontal axis propeller-type wind turbine that uses almost only the lift of its wings, except for some exceptions, such as the Dallies wind turbine, is in practical use as a wind power generator. However, the high-speed wind turbine has a speed difference between the inner and outer diameters of the wing,
There are many problems with high-speed noise generation at the tip, direction control, speed-up devices, upsizing, and practical costs. The turbine type using the head of the water flow is widely used in practice, but the river flow has a low water speed and is not often used for power generation. In the case of the ocean current, the flow velocity is even lower, and it has very large energy but can hardly be used. At present, a turbine system that compresses air by vertical movement of wave force has been put to practical use but is indirect and has low efficiency, and is not widely used at present.

[0003]

The use of renewable energy as described above has many environmental advantages, but if it is to be widely used, the most important issue is the reduction in power generation.
At present, the cost of power generation is several times higher than that of general power generation, and its diffusion is not easy even if environmental issues are taken into consideration. In order to solve these problems, the present invention realizes a large size and a super large size, which were impossible with the conventional type, and eliminates the direction control and eliminates or simplifies the speed increasing device, thereby realizing cost reduction. In addition to the use of wind power, which is relatively practical, the issue is to promote the use of natural energy, such as river currents, tidal currents, wave power, and ocean currents, which are enormous but hardly used. And

[0004]

Means for Solving the Problems Conventionally used horizontal axis propeller type wind turbines use a lift of several tens of times the drag to obtain a rotational force by high-speed rotation. The angle of attack is up to about 10 degrees, and reverses when it exceeds about 20 degrees. Further, as the angle of attack increases, the drag increases dramatically. Naturally, when the angle of attack is large, high-speed rotation is not possible, so that a decrease in output in proportion to the cube of the relative wind speed is inevitable. However, propeller-type wind turbines with horizontal axes use only lift and drag is only a negative factor. In the present invention,
The reversing blade 1 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is used as the rotating force, and the lift and the drag can be efficiently used without the need for the direction control (yaw system). In addition, a non-rotating shaft structure that enables an ultra-large size, simplification of a speed increasing device, and the like were used as means for solving the problem.

[0005]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS In the present invention, the cross section of the wing is as shown in FIG. 2, and this reversing wing 1 has a wing tail slightly longer than a wing head around a wing rotation axis 2, When hit by the wind, the wings move in the direction of the flow. In addition, the wing is rotationally controlled and, for example, can be freely rotated to a total of 90 degrees by 45 degrees on both sides in the illustrated example by a pin 4 attached to the wing and a fixed groove 5 as shown in FIG. This rotation angle is usually selected from about 60 to 120 degrees. The wing section is not limited to the example shown in the figure, but can be freely selected, for example, a wing section of an aircraft, or a flat plate with rounded front and rear portions. In FIG. 1, when there is a flow of wind and water from the bottom to the top, the wing can freely rotate about 45 degrees to both sides from the tangent of the circle shown by the broken line at each position. To go to. That is, the wings 1a, 1b, 1h are oriented in the direction in which the flow comes as shown in the figure, and the rotation is restricted at 1b. Thereafter, each wing does not rotate axially, and the wing at each position is like 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f. Become. If it rotates 1 g further from this position at 1f, it reverses to the position shown by the dotted line due to the fluid pressure on the tail side, and rotates 90 degrees in the case of the figure. After that, the rotation was restricted again and 1g,
It becomes like 1h, and it becomes possible to rotate freely again from 1h. When the free rotation angle of each wing 1 is 60 degrees on both sides of the tangent,
The rotation is restricted between 1b and 1c from 1a to 60 degrees, and reverses between 1f and 1g on the opposite side. Similarly 9 on both sides
In the case of the 0-degree free rotation, the rotation restriction starts at 1c and is reversed at the position of 1g, and thereafter becomes free rotation. Although the above example shows the wing angle of each wing at each position with respect to the wind and water flow from below, the wind water flow works in exactly the same way in any direction. FIG.
When viewed statically, the relative direction of the wind and water flow changes due to the rotation of the group of reversing blades, so that when viewed dynamically, the range of the free rotation angle changes. Each wing resists the flow of wind and water, and the lift acts in the direction perpendicular to the flow on the back side of the wing, but this force does not directly turn the impeller. For example, the drag applied to 1c does not work as a rotational force at all, but when it deviates from the center line passing through the impeller rotating shaft 3, the conversion efficiency gradually increases.
It becomes maximum with e. In other words, the conversion efficiency of the rotational force of the drag is
Assuming that the rotation angle of the wing is θ with reference to 1c, Si
The lift is proportional to the absolute value of Cos θ. In other words, the drag becomes minimum at the free rotation position, that is, at the attack angle of 0 degree, and becomes 9
It reaches the maximum at 0 degrees. However, when the conversion efficiency is multiplied, the rotational force on the left side of FIG. 1 is very large and the reverse rotational force on the right side is very small, so that the inversion blade group is rotated rightward by the drag. The lift applied to each reversing blade 1 is generated by the angle of attack with respect to the flow of wind and water, but the conversion efficiency is 1c, 1
It becomes maximum at g and becomes zero at 1e and 1a. Lift does not occur at zero angle of attack and 90 degrees, but occurs at all other angles and is all converted to rotational force. Of course, this is a case in which the force acting on each wing is statically observed, and the conversion of the rotational force of the dynamic lift / drag generated by the rotation of the impeller is more complicated.
Therefore, the free rotation angle must be selected according to the application and the overall structure. Either way, the lift and drag can be used as the rotational force in the same way as the wind and hydraulic power, the hydraulic force is effectively used at all angles of attack, the efficiency at low speed rotation is good, and the embodiment is completely different from the conventional wind turbine Becomes FIG. 3 shows a state where the impeller 6 is supported by an impeller bearing 7 on a support tower 9 so that the impeller shaft 8 can be freely rotated at a fixed angle as described in FIG. And the reversing wing 1 is attached to each. In FIG. 1, eight pairs are seen from above, but in the example of FIG. 3, there are four pairs provided at 90 degrees.
In order to attach the reversing wing 1 vertically symmetrically at the tip of the arm 8,
There is the advantage that the lift and the drag due to the wind pressure are balanced and no excessive force is applied to the rotary bearings. The increase in the number of wings and the like can be determined in consideration of the speed of the target hydro-hydraulic power. FIG. 4 shows a structure different from that of FIG. 2 for restraining the free rotation of the reversing blade 1, but other known methods may be used as long as they have the same function. FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line AA
This is an example in which a cross section is shown and the free rotation angle is controlled by inner and outer protrusions 10. If necessary, the impact at the time of reversal can be reduced by using rubber cushions or various dampers. FIG.
The principle of rotation of the group of reverse wings is as described in FIG. The rotation of the impeller 6 is performed by the impeller rotation shaft 3 in the support tower 9.
Guided to the base of the tower 9 to drive the generator. Unlike a horizontal axis wind turbine, a flat multipolar generator with a large diameter can be adopted, and a speed increaser can be eliminated. Necessary lightning rods can be easily installed on the impeller 6. FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of a very large impeller floating on the sea. Inversion wings are respectively attached to an upper turntable 14 and a lower turntable 15 having a diameter of several hundreds of US with a fixed stand 13 interposed therebetween. It is a thing. The lower turntable 15 is provided with twelve flat hull-shaped underwater reversing wings 11, and twelve sail-shaped reversing wings 1 are provided above the twelve underwater reversing wings 1. Upside down wing 1 to reduce recoil
The wing heads are turned in the opposite direction by reversing the direction of the wings. The lower turntable 15, the upper turntable 14, and the fixed bottom stand 13 are large-diameter annular bodies, and FIG. 6 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a part where the reversing wing, which is a part thereof, is attached. The underwater reversing vane 11 is vertically mounted below the annular lower turntable 15, and lifts the lower turntable 15 by its own buoyancy to raise the roller 1.
8, and the rotation position is restricted by the holding roller 20. The upper reversing wing 1 is set upright on an upper rotating table 14 that covers the fixed table 13, and is rotatably held by a number of rollers provided on the fixed table 13. The rollers are guarded to prevent derailing. Also in this example, the function and the rotation principle of each reversing blade are exactly the same as those in the previous examples. The control of the free rotation range of each reversing wing is performed by rotating the reversing wing 1 shown in FIG. 6 with a detent 30 of the type shown in FIG. The example of stopping by hitting the turntable 13 is shown. The other is not shown because it is in front of the cross section. A generator 17 is directly connected to each of the plurality of rollers 16 on the upper side, enabling a rotational speed increase of several hundred times from the diameter ratio, and a complicated and expensive gear speed increasing device can be omitted. The generator 17
The power generation load can be controlled over a wide range because many are installed. The rotation of the lower turntable 15 is likewise supported by the receiving roller 18.
And the generator can be directly connected or driven via a low-speed gearbox. However, in the illustrated example, an annular flat generator 19 is employed. When the whole cannot be supported only by the buoyancy of the underwater reversing wings 11, a huge disk-shaped floating body 12 is provided at the center of the fixed base 13 to support objects on the water surface. Since the energy of the fluid is the mass times the velocity to the third power, the velocity effect of the ocean current is reduced to about one thousandth if the average velocity is one tenth, but the mass is about 800 times, and the practicality is sufficient. A water flow of 1 to 2 meters per second is comparable to a wind speed of about 9 to 18 meters. Moreover, the rate of change is much smaller and more stable than wind power. In addition, since the wing is held by utilizing buoyancy, for example, the manufacture of the underwater reversing wing 11 having a width of 100 m is as easy as a steel boat. Conventional turbines have huge energy, such as ocean currents, and have extremely low speeds, so that their use could not be considered in terms of equipment and economy. The present invention is intended to be put to practical use by non-axial rotation, direct connection power generation and the like without necessity of enlargement and direction control as in the present invention, and the same applies to the use of river flows and tidal flows. The example in Fig. 5 is moored at sea and uses both ocean currents and wind power. Of course, only the wind power above is installed in a strong wind area in the mountains, or an appropriate waterway is used at the entrance of a large river or bay. It is also possible to maintain and use only the lower part. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, a large number of horizontal reversing blades 22 are arranged in a disk shape, and a rotating shaft 29 is rotated by wave force. The wings can rotate freely, but the range is about half that of the previous case. When the seawater surface 25 moves up and down between the upper water surface 26 and the lower water surface 27 indicated by broken lines, the water surface in the air chamber 33 inside the frame 28 also moves up and down due to the change in water pressure at the lower opening. The wing tail also moves up and down by the water pressure due to the vertical movement of the seawater, and the horizontal reversing wing 22 rotates in a fixed direction. At that time, the seawater discharged from the horizontal reversing vanes 22 becomes spiral, and the pressure receiving effect of the horizontal reversing vanes 22 is reduced at the time of the backflow. 24 are provided. The underwater reversing blade 22 is also provided with a rotation control 30 in the same manner as described above. The air chamber 33 may be of an open type, but can be closed by the air valve 31 and compressed and expanded and decompressed in the air chamber 33 during high waves to reduce the vertical movement range within the frame 28 without energy loss. The frame 28 is fixed to the quay 32, a large floating body, or the like. In addition, wind power, ocean current power, and wave power can be used comprehensively by arranging them around the fixed base 13 in the example of FIG.

As described above, a large-sized wind turbine having a diameter of about one hundred meters has been put into practical use as a conventional high-speed wind turbine utilizing lift. However, there are problems such as strength from the tip speed and noise, and the size increase is not necessarily highly efficient. It cannot be said that the problems of the large speed difference between the central portion and the outer peripheral portion of the blade, the direction control and the speed increasing device have been sufficiently solved. Although the wind-powered impeller according to the present invention is a low-speed type, not only the higher lift at a large angle of attack, but also the drag which was not available at all in the former can be efficiently converted into rotational force in the same manner as lift, and the overall In this way, it is possible to use wind power as good as a propeller type wind turbine. Also, omission and simplification of direction control and speed-up devices are possible, and hydropower such as ocean currents, which is almost impossible with a propeller type, can be used. Has an effect.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a function according to the position of a reversing blade 1 which is a basis of the present invention.

FIG. 2 shows an example of the shape of the reversing blade 1 and an example of free rotation range control thereof.

FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view showing an embodiment in which the reversing blade 1 of the present invention is applied to a wind turbine provided on both sides of a rotation support portion.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 3, showing another example of free rotation angle control of the reversing blade 1.

FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of an extremely large wind turbine, which is a floating impeller of the present invention, which is moored floating on the sea surface and the lower surface is driven by ocean currents and the upper surface is driven by wind power. The side view which omitted 1 underwater inversion wing 11.

FIG. 6 is an enlarged sectional view of a mounting portion of the reversing blade 1 and the underwater reversing blade 11 of FIG.

FIG. 7 is a vertical cross-sectional view of an embodiment in which a large number of reversing blades 22 are arranged in a horizontal disk shape to form a rotary impeller by wave force.

FIG. 8 is an enlarged sectional view of a portion where the reversing blade 22 of FIG. 7 is attached.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Reversing blade 2 Blade rotating shaft 3 Impeller rotating shaft 4 Pin 5 Groove 6 Impeller 7 Impeller bearing 8 Arm 9 Support tower 10 Projection 11 Underwater reversing blade 12 Floating body 13 Fixed stand 14 Upper turntable 15 Lower turntable 16 Roller 17 Generator 18 Receiving roller 19 Planar generator 20 Holding roller 21 Rotation stop 22 Horizontal reversing blade 23 Upper straightening plate 24 Lower straightening plate 25 Sea level 26 Upper level 27 Lower level 28 Frame 29 Rotating axis 30 Rotation control 31 Air valve 32 Quay wall 33 air chamber

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. (a) With the impeller rotating shaft 3 as a center, on a cylindrical surface as shown in FIG. 1 or on a horizontal disk surface as shown in FIG. 7, on both sides with respect to the rotating surface as shown in FIG. An appropriate number of reversing blades 1 that can freely rotate by several tens of degrees are arranged in two or three or more. (B) As shown in FIG. 2, the reversing wing 1 has a wing tail slightly longer than the wing head with respect to the wing rotation axis 2 so that a force is always applied to the wing head in the direction of wind and water force. (C) The reversing blade 1 dynamically balances the wing head and the wing tail side so as not to generate a rotational force due to a centrifugal force generated by rotation about the impeller rotation shaft 3. A hydro-hydraulic impeller with inverted wings configured as described above. 2. An upper turntable 14, for example of FIG.
Alternatively, the reversing wing 1 is placed on an annular turntable such as the lower turntable 15.
Alternatively, the underwater reversing wing 11 is provided, and the turntable is
The wind / hydro impeller according to claim 1, wherein the wind turbine is mounted on a shaft and the generator is driven by rotation of the roller. 3. In the case where the horizontal reversing blades 22 are arranged and the rotating shaft 29 is driven by wave force as shown in FIG.
2. A hydro-pneumatic impeller according to claim 1, wherein a vertical movement range is reduced by using a pressurized and depressurized air chamber 33 without reducing the output without providing a seal when necessary.