JP2001225927A - Device and method for making supply and demand plan, program for making supply and demand plan, and recording medium for recording program - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To make a supply and demand plan of supply chains so as to increase company's profits. SOLUTION: A plan making part 28 and a plan determination changing part 32 are provided that make and change a supply and demand plan of receiving of orders, placing of orders, delivery, and shipping every month in processes of the supply chains comprising processes such as selling and producing processes of products and a producing process of components for producing the products so that the placing of orders to each producing process is within an order placeable range calculated by an order placeable range setting part 30 on the basis of facility, personnel, and the number of working days in each producing process and a profit indicator calculated by an indicator calculating part 26 using a producing cost of products including a material cost, a labor cost, and an equipment cost, an inventory storing cost and a transportation cost becomes maximum. Therefore, a practical supply and demand plan that can increases the company's profits can be made.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a supply and demand planning device, a supply and demand planning method, a supply and demand planning program, and a recording medium on which the program is recorded.
More specifically, a supply and demand planning apparatus and method for preparing a supply and demand plan in a supply chain in which at least two supply and demand processes including orders, ordering, delivery, and shipping are connected, and a program for causing a computer to function as a supply and demand planning apparatus The present invention relates to a storage medium that stores the program in a computer-readable manner.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as this kind of demand / supply planning system, a system has been proposed which promotes cooperation among factories so that parts and raw materials from related parts factories are supplied at an appropriate timing in response to an order from a customer. (See, for example,
No. 123535). In this system, a network is constructed by a plan coordination system installed in each factory, and in response to a request from a factory on the network made via the plan coordination system, the factory that has received the request is configured by the planning system. By responding based on the production plan of the factory, the supply timing of parts and raw materials is optimized.

[0003]

However, in such a cooperative system between factories, since the overall cost of products and inventory management are not taken into account, it is not planned to increase the profit of the enterprise. For example, when the same parts and raw materials can be delivered from a plurality of factories, the cost of the product changes depending on the ratio of orders to each factory, so that the corporate profit also changes.

[0004] One of the objects of the supply and demand planning device of the present invention is to prepare a supply and demand plan for a supply chain so that corporate profits are further increased. Another object of the present invention is to determine the processing capacity of each supply and demand process and to view the future expansion or reduction plan.

[0005]

Means for Solving the Problems and Their Functions and Effects The demand / supply planning system of the present invention employs the following means to achieve at least a part of the above objects.

A first supply / demand planning apparatus according to the present invention is a supply / demand planning apparatus for preparing a supply / demand plan in a supply chain in which at least two supply / demand processes including an order, an order, a delivery, and a shipment are connected. Data storage means for storing cost time data relating to the cost and time required from delivery to shipment in each supply and demand process, and order plan input means for inputting an order plan in the supply and demand process located at the end of the supply chain on the shipping side, A plan data calculating means for calculating plan data of order, order, delivery, and shipping for each supply and demand process using predetermined parameters based on the input order plan; and a storage means for storing the calculated plan data and the data storage means. A profit index calculating means for calculating a profit index of the supply chain based on the stored cost time data; Parameter changing means for changing the parameters of the above, and the plan data in which the profit index calculated by the profit index calculating means among the plan data calculated by the plan data calculating means using the changed predetermined parameter is maximized. And a supply and demand plan setting means for setting the demand and supply plan.

In the first supply / demand planning apparatus of the present invention, predetermined parameters are sequentially changed based on the order plan in the supply / demand process located at the end of the supply chain on the shipping side, and the order, order, order, A profit index of the supply chain is calculated based on the delivery / shipment plan data, the plan data, and the cost / hour data stored in the data storage means. Then, of the calculated plan data, the plan data with the maximum profit index is set as the supply and demand plan.
As a result, it is possible to formulate a supply and demand plan with the maximum profit index.

[0008] The "supply and demand process" includes a sales process and a production process for receiving, ordering, delivering and shipping products and parts, and a service providing for receiving, ordering, delivering and shipping services. A process is also included. The ordering and delivery of products and parts means the ordering and delivery of products and parts necessary to produce or deliver products and parts. Also,
Ordering and delivering a service means ordering and delivering equipment and human resources necessary to provide a service, and shipping a service means providing a service.

In the first supply / demand planning apparatus according to the present invention, the plan data calculation means determines a deviation between a shipping margin record for the order in the supply / demand process and a margin target value in the supply / demand process. It is also possible to use means for calculating as In this way, it is possible to formulate a supply and demand plan that takes allowance into account. Here, the "margin" means inventory in a supply and demand process for receiving, ordering, delivering, and shipping products and parts, and provides a service in a demand and supply process for receiving, ordering, delivering, and shipping services. This means that there is room for the necessary equipment and human resources. In the first supply and demand planning device of the present invention in this aspect, the parameter changing means may be means for changing the margin target value as one of the predetermined parameters.

Further, in the first supply / demand planning apparatus of the present invention, the data storage means is means for storing data relating to an orderable range of each supply / demand process, and the parameter changing means is provided with the predetermined parameter. The parameter may be a means for changing a parameter relating to an order as one of them within the order acceptable range. In this way, a supply and demand plan can be made within the range of possible orders for each supply and demand process.

Further, in the first supply and demand planning system according to the present invention, the parameter changing means may be a means for changing a parameter for changing and setting the order by moving the order forward and / or backward. it can.
In this way, it is possible to formulate a demand-supply plan that takes into account the advance or backward order.

[0012] The program for making a supply and demand plan of the present invention comprises:
The gist of the present invention is to make a computer function as the first supply and demand planning device of the present invention in any of the aspects.

That is, the supply and demand planning program according to the present invention basically includes a computer for receiving orders, placing orders, delivering,
A supply and demand planning system for preparing a supply and demand plan in a supply chain in which at least two supply and demand processes having shipments are connected, and stores cost and time data relating to costs and times required from delivery to shipment in each supply and demand process. Data storage means, order plan input means for inputting an order plan in the supply and demand process located at the end of the supply chain on the shipping side, order receiving for each supply and demand process using predetermined parameters based on the input order plan, Planning data calculating means for calculating planning data for ordering, delivery, and shipping; and a profit index for calculating a profit index for the supply chain based on the calculated planning data and the cost time data stored in the data storage means. Calculating means, parameter changing means for changing the predetermined parameter,
Supply and demand plan setting means for setting, as a demand and supply plan, plan data in which the profit index calculated by the profit index calculation means is maximum among the plan data calculated by the plan data calculation means using the changed predetermined parameters. The gist is to function as a demand and supply planning device having the following.

According to the supply and demand planning program of the present invention, the computer can function as the first supply and demand planning device of the present invention.

The first recording medium of the present invention is characterized in that the program for planning a supply and demand of the present invention is recorded in a computer-readable manner.

That is, the first recording medium of the present invention basically makes a computer prepare a supply and demand plan in a supply chain in which at least two supply and demand processes including order, order, delivery and shipment are connected. A demand and supply planning device, which stores data and time data relating to cost and time required from delivery to shipment in each supply and demand process, and an order plan in the supply and demand process located at the end of the supply chain on the shipping side. Means for inputting order plan to be executed, plan data calculating means for calculating plan data of order, order, delivery, and shipment of each supply and demand process using predetermined parameters based on the input order plan; A revenue index for calculating the supply chain profit index based on the data and the cost time data stored in the data storage means. Index calculating means, parameter changing means for changing the predetermined parameter, and the profit calculated by the profit index calculating means among the plan data calculated by the plan data calculating means using the changed predetermined parameter. The gist is to record a computer-readable program that functions as a supply and demand planning device including a supply and demand plan setting unit that sets a plan data with the largest index as a supply and demand plan.

According to the first recording medium of the present invention, by causing the computer to read the program, the computer can function as the first supply and demand planning device of the present invention.

The supply and demand planning method according to the present invention is a supply and demand planning method for preparing a supply and demand plan in a supply chain in which at least two supply and demand processes having orders, ordering, delivery and shipping are connected. Inputting an order plan in the supply and demand process located at the end of the supply chain on the shipping side, (b) sequentially changing predetermined parameters, and receiving orders, ordering, and delivering in each supply and demand process based on the input order plan. , Calculating shipping plan data and calculating the profit index of the supply chain based on the calculated planning data and the cost time data relating to the cost and time required from delivery to shipping in each supply and demand process, (c) The plan data, in which the calculated profit index is maximum among the plan data sequentially calculated in accordance with the change of the predetermined parameter, is calculated as The point is to make a plan.

According to the demand and supply planning method of the present invention,
Among the plan data sequentially calculated in accordance with the change of the predetermined parameter, the plan data having the maximum calculated profit index can be drafted as the supply and demand plan.

Here, the "supply and demand process" includes a sales process and a production process for receiving, ordering, delivering, and shipping products and parts, and a service providing for receiving, ordering, delivering, and shipping services. A process is also included. The ordering and delivery of products and parts means the ordering and delivery of products and parts necessary to produce or deliver products and parts. Also,
Ordering and delivering a service means ordering and delivering equipment and human resources necessary to provide a service, and shipping a service means providing a service.

In the supply and demand planning method according to the present invention, the step (b) is a step of calculating a deviation between the actual shipping margin for the order in the supply and demand process and the target margin of the supply and demand process as an order for the supply and demand process. May be used. In this way, it is possible to formulate a supply and demand plan that takes allowance into account. Here, the "margin" means inventory in a supply and demand process for receiving, ordering, delivering, and shipping products and parts, and provides a service in a demand and supply process for receiving, ordering, delivering, and shipping services. This means that there is room for the necessary equipment and human resources. In the supply and demand planning method of the present invention according to this aspect, the step (b) may be a step of changing and calculating the margin target value as one of the predetermined parameters.

In the supply and demand planning method according to the present invention, the step (b) is performed by changing a parameter relating to an order as one of the predetermined parameters within an orderable range set for each supply and demand process. Step. In this way, a supply and demand plan can be made within the range of possible orders for each supply and demand process.

Further, in the supply and demand planning method according to the present invention, the step (b) is a step of changing and calculating a parameter relating to the advance amount and / or the backward amount of the order as one of the predetermined parameters. May be used. In this way, it is possible to formulate a demand-supply plan that takes into account the advance or backward order.

A second supply / demand planning apparatus according to the present invention receives an order for a product, orders the product or a member for producing the product, and ships or delivers the product delivered according to the order. And a supply and demand process for producing and shipping a product using the set members is connected in parallel and / or in series. Process data on the cost and time required from delivery of the product or part to shipment of the product,
Data storage means for storing transport data relating to transport costs and the time required for transport associated with the shipment of the product, and inventory target value data as inventory targets for products and components in each of the supply and demand processes, Inventory result input means for inputting the actual stock of products and parts in the process, order plan input means for inputting the order of the product in the supply and demand process located at the end of the supply chain on the shipping side, A profit index calculating means for calculating a profit index of the supply chain based on plan data relating to ordering, delivery and shipment, and process data and transportation data stored in the data storage means;
Based on the input order plan and actual stock data and the target inventory value data stored in the data storage means, set the order data of the order, order, delivery, and shipment in each of the supply and demand processes so as to increase the profit index. And a plan setting means for performing the setting.

In the second supply / demand planning apparatus according to the present invention, the order plan input by the order input means, the actual stock input by the actual stock input means, and the inventory target value data stored in the data storage means. Each supply and demand process is designed to increase the profit index of the supply chain calculated based on the order data, order, delivery, and shipping plan data of each supply and demand process and the process data and transport data stored in the data storage means based on the data. Set the order data of order, order, delivery, and shipment. As a result, a supply and demand plan with a large profit index can be made.

Here, the "supply / demand process" includes a so-called sales process of receiving an order for a product, placing an order for the product and shipping the product delivered in accordance with the order, and producing the product in response to the order for the product. And a so-called product production process of producing and shipping a product using components delivered in accordance with the order. The “product” includes parts and raw materials in addition to the final manufactured product. “Shipment” includes not only shipment to another supply and demand process but also delivery of a product accompanying sale in a so-called sales process. "Process data" includes some or all of material costs, labor costs, equipment costs, storage costs for stocking, etc., associated with production of products and parts, and the time required to produce products and parts. And the time it takes to ship a product or part after delivery. The “transportation data” includes the transportation time required for transporting products and parts, as well as the time required for transportation.

In the second supply / demand planning apparatus according to the present invention, the plan setting means includes a value obtained by subtracting an order plan of the supply / demand process from the actual stock of the supply / demand process located at the end of the shipping side. The deviation from the inventory target value is set as the order quantity of the supply and demand process, and the order is set so that the profit is increased based on the process data and the transport data stored in the data storage means for the supply and demand process that can be ordered from the supply and demand process. It may be a means for distributing the quantity as an order to the orderable supply and demand process. In this way, a supply and demand plan can be formulated to increase profits.

[0028] In the second supply and demand planning system of the present invention, the data storage means is also means for storing data relating to the orderable range of products in each of the supply and demand processes.
Orderable range setting means for setting an orderable range of each of the supply and demand processes based on the stored orderable range data; and each of the supply and demand processes set by the set orderable range and the plan setting means. And an adequacy determining means for determining adequacy of each of the supply and demand processes based on the order. This makes it possible to determine the suitability of each supply and demand process. In the supply-and-demand planning apparatus of this aspect of the present invention, the appropriateness determination means may be means for determining an excess or deficiency of the processing capacity in each of the supply and demand processes. In this way, it is possible to determine the excess or deficiency of the processing capacity of each supply and demand process, and to contribute to a future expansion or reduction plan of each supply and demand process.

In the second supply and demand planning system according to the present invention, the data storage means is also means for storing data relating to the orderable range of the product in each of the supply and demand processes, and stores the data relating to the stored orderable range. Order receiving range setting means for setting the order receiving range of each supply and demand process based on the order setting of the demand and supply process set by the plan setting means for the corresponding demand and supply process by the order receiving range setting means. Order determination means for determining whether or not the received order is within the orderable range, and when the order determination means determines that the order is not within the orderable range, the determined order of the supply and demand process becomes the corresponding orderable range. A plan changing means for changing the plan data set by the plan setting means may be provided. In this way, a feasible supply and demand plan can be drafted.

[0030] In the second supply / demand planning apparatus according to the aspect of the present invention having the plan changing means, the plan changing means converts a part or all of the determined orders of the demand / supply process into the same product as the demand / supply process. May be a means for changing the plan data by transferring to the order of the supply and demand process that can be shipped. In this way, the order in each supply and demand process can be set within the allowable order range.

Further, in the second supply / demand planning apparatus of the present invention having a mode in which the order change means is provided, the plan change means transfers a part or all of the determined order of the supply and demand process to the order schedule. The plan data may be changed by receiving an order ahead of and / or backward in time. In this way, the order in each supply and demand process can be set within the allowable order range. In the supply-and-demand planning system according to this aspect, when the order change determination unit performs a partial or full time advance and / or late order of the order by the plan change unit, the order advance and / or The means for determining whether the sum of the delayed order and the order set by the plan setting means is within the orderable range.

Alternatively, in the second supply / demand planning apparatus according to the present invention having a mode in which the plan change means is provided, the plan change means makes the determination by changing stock target value data of at least a part of each of the supply and demand processes. It may be a means for changing the plan data so that the received order in the supply and demand process falls within the corresponding orderable range.

Further, in the second supply / demand planning apparatus of the present invention having a mode in which the plan changing means is provided, the plan changing means sets the order of each of the demand and supply processes within a corresponding orderable range and the profit index is set. It may be a means for changing the plan data so as to increase the size.

Further, the second supply / demand planning apparatus of the present invention is provided with output means for outputting the set or changed plan data and the profit index calculated on the plan data. Can also.

A second recording medium according to the present invention is a computer-readable storage medium for receiving an order for a product, ordering the product or a member for producing the product, and shipping the product delivered in accordance with the order or responding to the order. A supply and demand planning system for preparing a supply and demand plan in a supply chain in which at least one supply and demand process for producing and shipping a product using delivered members is connected in parallel and / or in series, wherein each of the supply and demand processes is provided. Process data relating to the cost and time required from the delivery of the product or part to the shipment of the product, the transportation data relating to the transportation cost and the time required for the transportation of the product, and the products and parts in each of the supply and demand processes Data storage means for storing inventory target value data, which is an inventory target of the supply chain, Stock input means for inputting stock results of components and parts, order input means for inputting a product order plan in the supply and demand process located at the end of the supply chain on the shipping side, order receiving, ordering and delivery for each of the demand and supply processes , A profit index calculating means for calculating a profit index of the supply chain based on plan data relating to shipping and process data and transportation data stored in the data storage means; A demand-supply-planning apparatus, comprising: plan setting means for setting plan data of order, order, delivery, and shipment in each of the demand-supply processes so that the profit index increases based on the inventory target value data stored in the data storage means. The gist of the present invention is to store a computer-readable program that functions as a computer.

In the second recording medium of the present invention, the computer can function as the above-described supply and demand planning device of the present invention. That is, the computer can be made to function as a demand and supply planning device that can make a supply and demand plan with a large profit index. In addition, "supply / demand process", "product", "shipment", "process data", "transportation data"
The meanings of terms such as are the same as in the case of the above-described supply and demand planning system of the present invention.

[0037] In the second recording medium of the present invention, the computer and the data storage means function as means for storing data relating to the orderable range of the product in each of the supply and demand processes. Orderable range setting means for setting the orderable range of each of the supply and demand processes based on the data on the possible range, based on the set orderable range and the order for each of the supply and demand processes set by the plan setting means In addition, a computer-readable program that functions as a demand-supply planning device further including appropriateness determination means for determining appropriateness of each supply-and-demand process can be stored. This way,
The computer can be made to function as a supply and demand planning device that can determine the suitability of each supply and demand process and contribute to a future expansion or reduction plan of each supply and demand process.

In the second recording medium of the present invention,
The computer, wherein the data storage means functions as means for also storing data relating to the orderable range of the product in each supply / demand process, and receives the order in each supply / demand process based on the stored data relating to the orderable range. An order-possible range setting means for setting a possible range, and an order for each of the supply and demand processes set by the plan setting means is within an order-possible range set for the corresponding supply and demand process by the orderable range setting means. When the order determining means determines that the order is not within the order-possible range, the plan setting means sets the order of the determined supply and demand process to be the corresponding order-possible range. A computer-readable program for functioning as a demand-supply planning device further comprising plan changing means for changing plan data; It can also be a shall. This allows the computer to function as a supply and demand planning device that can make an executable supply and demand plan.

[0039]

Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to examples. FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing, as functional blocks, an outline of the configuration of a supply and demand planning device 20 according to one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG.
FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram illustrating a hardware configuration of the H.0.

As shown in FIG. 2, the demand / supply planning device 20 of the embodiment has a hardware configuration as a general-purpose computer mainly configured by a CPU 42 as a central processing unit. A bus 44 connected to the CPU 42 includes a cache memory 46 and its cache controller 48, a main memory 50, a graphics controller 52 connected to a CRT 54, a keyboard interface 56 connected to a keyboard 58 and a mouse 60, a hard disk 64 and a floppy disk. (Registered trademark)
The input / output interface 62 to which the disk 66 is connected is connected.

Further, the demand and supply planning device 20 of the embodiment is
As shown in FIG. 1, the functional blocks include a data storage unit 22 for storing various data in each process, a data input unit 24 for inputting an actual stock value of each process, a sales plan of a sales process, and the like. An index calculator 26 that calculates a profit index based on orders received, ordered, delivered, shipped, and costs associated with the production of each process, and each process based on the input inventory actual value, sales plan, and inventory target value. Orders, orders, delivery,
A planning unit 28 for drafting a basic plan for shipment; an order receiving range setting unit 30 for setting an order receiving range for each process based on order receiving data stored in the data storage unit 22;
A plan determination change unit 32 that determines the feasibility of the basic plan based on the orderable range set for each process and changes the plan so that the plan is feasible. A plan output unit 34 for outputting a plan profit index and the like. Each functional unit included in the supply and demand planning apparatus 20 of this embodiment is realized by integrating the above-described hardware configuration illustrated in FIG. 2 and software described later. Hereinafter, the function of each functional unit including the correspondence with the hardware configuration will be described in detail.

The data storage unit 22 corresponds to an external storage device such as a hard disk 64 as a hardware configuration. The data storage unit 22 stores costs required from the delivery of a product or part in each process to the shipment of the product, for example, costs such as material cost, labor cost, equipment cost, and inventory storage cost per product or part. Process data, including data related to the time required to produce products and parts and the storage time, etc., transportation data relating to the transportation costs and transportation time associated with the shipment of products and parts, and inventory as the inventory target for each process Target value data, order range data relating to facility capacity, personnel composition, operable range, and the like in each process for setting the order range in each process, sales data such as the selling price of each product, and the like are stored.

The index calculator 26 has a hardware configuration as follows:
The CPU 42 that executes the processing program, the main memory 50 that stores the program, and the like correspond. Index calculator 2
6 is based on data on orders, orders, deliveries, and shipments set for each process when requested by the planning unit 28 and the plan determination change unit 32, and on the process data and transportation data stored in the data storage unit 22. To calculate the profit index and return the calculated profit index to each requested part. The return index is a commonly used return on total capital (ROA =
(Revenue-expenditure) / asset) or an index (S) obtained as the product of the power to generate profit and the speed to generate profit.
−ROA = (sales−production input material cost−business cost) / stock material cost) can be defined and used. Further, another profit index may be defined and used.

The planning unit 28 also has the following hardware configuration.
The CPU 42 that executes the processing program, the main memory 50 that stores the program, and the like correspond. Planning Dept. 2
Reference numeral 8 denotes a basic plan, that is, an order for each process, based on the actual stock value input by the data input unit 24, the sales plan, and the target stock value data stored in the data storage unit 22, based on a processing program described later. Set order, delivery, and shipment. The processing operation will be described later.

The order-possible range setting section 30 also has a hardware configuration corresponding to the CPU 42 for executing the processing program, the main memory 50 for storing the program, and the like. The order receiving range setting unit 30 sets the order receiving range of each process based on the order receiving data on the facility capacity, the personnel configuration, the operable range, and the like in each process stored in the data storage unit 22. The order receiving range is a range set by the production amount obtained as the lower limit value or near the lower limit value of the steady processing and the production amount obtained near the upper or lower limit value of the steady processing in each process. The lower limit of the steady-state processing is, for example, the one-month production volume when the production line speed is the slowest and the normal number of working days is driven, and the staff required for the speed is allocated and the holiday operation or overtime operation is not performed. Alternatively, it can be obtained as a production amount slightly larger than this production amount. In addition, the upper limit of the regular processing is, for example, to maximize the speed of the production line and to allocate the personnel required for that speed, and to perform one month when full operation is performed when holiday operation and overtime operation become the maximum value. It can be obtained as a production amount or a production amount slightly smaller than this production amount.

The hardware for the plan determination change unit 32 also corresponds to the CPU 42 for executing the processing program, the main memory 50 for storing the program, and the like. The plan determination change unit 32 determines the excess or deficiency of the processing capacity of each process based on a comparison between the orderable range set for each process by the orderable range setting unit 30 and the basic plan drafted by the planning unit 28. In addition, the excess or deficiency between the basic plan and the processing capacity of each process is changed to a plan that can be executed by changing the order time, changing between processes, or changing the initial stock value.

The data input section 24 has a hardware configuration such as a keyboard interface 56, a keyboard 58,
The mouse 60 is equivalent, and the plan output unit 34 is equivalent to the graphics controller 52 or the CRT 54 as a hardware configuration.

Next, the operation of the demand / supply planning device 20 configured as described above will be described. FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram illustrating an example of a supply chain as a specific example in which a supply and demand plan is created by the supply and demand planning device 20 of the embodiment. As shown in the figure, the supply chain in the specific example includes products A,
Sales processes 102 and 104 as two stores for selling B, C and D, respectively, and a part of the products A, B, C and D while producing a part of the products A, B, C and D Production process 112, 114 as a product production factory for shipping the two products to two sales processes 102, 104, and products A, B,
Parts a1, b1, c1, and d1 for producing C and D are partially produced, and the produced parts a1, b1, and c1 are produced.
Parts production steps 122 and 124 as parts production factories for shipping a part of d1 to product production steps 112 and 114, and parts a2, b2 and c for producing products A, B, C and D
2 and d2, part supply processes 126 and 128 as part supply companies that ship part of the products to the product production processes 112 and 114.
And parts a11, a12, b11, b12, c11, c12, d for producing parts a1, b1, c1, d1.
Parts supply processes 132 and 13 as part supply companies that ship a part of 11 and d12 to the parts production processes 122 and 124.
4,136. The alphabets in parentheses in each process represent products or parts, and the arrows between the processes indicate how the product is shipped according to an order.

Basically, in each process, as shown in a schematic diagram in FIG. 4, a product order is received, parts required for product production are ordered, and parts delivered in accordance with the order are ordered. It is expressed as a supply and demand process of producing a product using the product and shipping the produced product, specifically, product production processes 112 and 114. The sales processes 102 and 104 can be considered the same as the process illustrated in FIG. 4 in consideration of the case where the ordering and delivery of parts are replaced with the ordering and delivery of products and the production is not performed. 122 and 124 are
Product orders and product shipments can be identified by replacing them with parts orders and component shipments.
Also, component supply steps 126, 128, 132, 134,
136 can be similarly identified if production, ordering, and delivery are not performed.

FIG. 5 shows a Petri net model for products A and B in the supply chain of the specific example illustrated in FIG.
An example is shown below. In the Petri net model for the products A and B, the process and the resources are represented by circles, the actions are represented by vertical bars, and the required times of the actions are represented by squares. In this Petri net model, as shown in FIG.
S, a sales transition DT, and a product inventory place DI, and the product production steps 112 and 114 each include a product inventory place AI1, a product production transition AT, and a parts inventory place AI2. Product Production Transition A
At T, a facility personnel holding place AH for retaining facilities, personnel, and the like is provided. Parts production process 122, 124
In the same manner as in the product production process 112, the parts production transition UT and the parts inventory place UI2 provided with the parts inventory place UI1 and the facility personnel holding place UH, respectively.
And Place AH, which is installed in equipment production transition AT and parts production transition UT
Equipment and personnel are allocated to the UH from the company-wide resource storage place H via the resource allocation transition HT. The company-wide resource storage place H is allocated to the resource via the resource borrowing transition HLT. Facilities and personnel can be borrowed from the providing organizations H1 to H3. The product inventory place DI of the sales processes 102 and 104 and the product inventory place AI1 of the product production processes 112 and 114 are connected via the transportation transition T1, and the parts inventory place AI2 of the product production processes 112 and 114 and the product production process. The parts inventory place UI1 112 and the parts supply steps 126 and 128 are connected by transportation transitions T2 and T3. In addition, the parts inventory process UI2 of the component production processes 122 and 124 and the component supply processes 132, 134 and 136 are also performed in the transportation transition T4.
Connected by

This Petri net model operates as follows. Product sales place D for sales processes 102 and 104
When the sales plan is input to S, the sales transition DT fires and a token expressing the product quantity according to the sales plan is transferred from the product stock place DI to the product sales place DS. Next, a sales process 1 is performed based on the stock target value set in advance in the product stock place DI and the stock after the token is moved.
The order from 02, 104 to the product production process 112, 114 is calculated. The order for the product production process 112, 114
The calculation is performed using the product production capacity and the profit index of the product production processes 112 and 114, and the calculation will be described later. When the order for the product production processes 112 and 114 is determined, the transportation transition T1 is ignited, and the transportation required time TT
After one elapse, a token corresponding to the order is issued from the product inventory place AI1 of the product production processes 112 and 114 to the sales process 10
It is moved to the product inventory place DI of 2,104.

When a product (token) is shipped (transported) from the product inventory place AI1 of the product production process 112, 114, the product inventory place A is moved with the movement of the token.
The product production transition AT is fired to fill the deviation between the inventory at I1 and the inventory target value preset in the product inventory place AI1. In addition, when the product production transition AT is ignited, the inventory of parts necessary for producing a product in the parts inventory place AI2 or the place AH where equipment personnel are held are stored.
The point where the equipment and personnel existing in the area are in an operable state is also considered to be the ignition condition. When the product production transition AT fires, the tokens representing the parts in the parts inventory place AI2 are reduced, and tokens of the products produced in the product inventory place AI1 are generated after a lapse of time required for product production. Parts production process 122, 124 and component supply process 12
6, 128, 132, 134, 136, transportation transitions T2, T3, T4, and parts production processes 122, 12
The same applies to the operation of the parts production transition UT and the like in No. 4.

Since the Petri net model relating to the product C can be considered in the part related to the product C in the supply chain in FIG. 3, the product production process 114, the component production process 124, and the component supply process 1 are performed based on the Petri net model in FIG.
28 and 136 are excluded. Since the Petri net model for the product D can be considered in the same way, the Petri net model is composed of parts related to the product D in the supply chain in FIG.
2. Parts production step 122, parts supply steps 126 and 132
Is excluded.

Next, a description will be given of how a specific supply and demand plan is prepared for the Petri net model created for each product. FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the supply and demand planning process routine executed by the supply and demand planning device 20 according to the embodiment. In this routine, the supply and demand plan is formulated as a monthly plan. When this routine is executed, the CPU 4 of the demand and supply planning device 20 of the embodiment
2 first executes a process of inputting the actual stock of each process (step S100). This processing is performed in the product inventory place DI and the product inventory place AI of the Petri net model.
1, an inventory result input screen is displayed on the CRT 54 so that all inventory results for the products A, B, C, and D in the parts inventory places UI1 and UI2 can be input through the data input unit 24 such as the keyboard 58; This is a process of waiting for the operator to input the actual stock and input the end of the input. As the stock result input screen, for example, a stock result input column for products or parts handled for each stock place of the Petri net model is provided, and the color of the stock result input column is changed so as to inform the operator of the field to be input. It is possible to use a screen, a screen displaying a list of names of each stock place and a stock result input field to be input to the stock place, or the like. In the embodiment, the actual stock is input using the keyboard 58. However, the actual stock of the product or component in that process may be input from a computer or the like installed in each process via a communication line.

When input processing of the stock result of each process is performed,
Next, a process of inputting a one-month sales plan of the sales processes 102 and 104 is executed (step S102). This processing is performed as a sales plan for each product A,
A sales plan input screen in which the quantities of B, C, and D are input from the data input unit 24 such as the keyboard 58 is displayed on the CRT 54, and the operator waits for the input of the sales plan and the end of the input. Processing. As the sales plan input screen, for example, a sales quantity input field is provided in each product sales place DS of the Petri net model, and a screen for changing the color of the sales quantity input field so as to notify the operator of the field to be input, and each product sales A screen that lists the name of the place DS and a sales plan input field to be entered in the product sale place DS may be used. In the embodiment, the sales plan of each product sales place DS is input using the keyboard 58. However, the sales processes 102, 1
The sales plan in each step may be input via a communication line from a computer or the like installed in the computer 04.

When the sales plan is input, a process of calculating the total order amount (order quantity) for each product from the sales processes 102 and 104 to the product production processes 112 and 114 is executed for each sales process. (Step S104). The order quantity of each sales process is obtained by subtracting the deviation between the actual stock input and the sales plan from the stock target value data stored in advance in the hard disk 64 functioning as the data storage unit 22 for each sales process. .

Next, a process for calculating the orderable range of the product production steps 112 and 114 and the parts production steps 122 and 124 is performed (step S106). The production possible range is calculated for each production process based on the order range data related to the equipment capacity, the personnel configuration, the operable range, and the like in each production process stored in the data storage unit 22 as described above.

Then, a process of initially distributing the order quantity of each product from each sales process 102, 104 is performed (step S108). The initial distribution is performed by allocating the products A and B in proportion to each product production process at the upper limit of the orderable range of each product production process. All the products C are ordered for the product production process 112, and all the products D are ordered for the product production process 114.

When the initial distribution of the order quantity from each of the sales processes 102 and 104 is performed in this way, a process for determining whether or not the initially distributed order can be ordered in each of the product production processes 112 and 114 is executed ( Step S110). In this process, the initially distributed order is assigned to each product production process 112,
The determination is made as to whether or not the order is within the orderable range calculated for 114.

When the result of this determination is negative, that is, when any of the initially distributed orders is not within the range of possible orders for the corresponding product production process, a process of adjusting the distribution of the initially distributed orders is executed. (Step S112).
This processing is performed by the distribution adjustment processing routine illustrated in FIG. When the distribution adjustment processing routine is executed, the CPU 42 calculates the adjustments 1 to 3 and calculates the profit index when the adjustments 1 to 3 are performed (steps S200 to S210). The adjustment with the largest profit index is selected (step S21).
2), end. The contents of adjustments 1 to 3 will be described below. In addition, for the sake of simplicity of explanation, in the embodiment, adjustment 1 to adjustment 1
Although the adjustment with the largest profit index is selected from among the three, the adjustment that maximizes the profit index may be performed by using adjustments 1 to 3 in combination.

Adjustment 1 is to adjust both the orders from the sales processes 102 and 104 to be within the orderable range of the corresponding product production processes 112 and 114 so that the profit is maximized or the profit or loss is minimized. is there. Now, in the initial distribution, the product production process 112 has exceeded the range that can be ordered.
In the product production process 114, it is determined that the order is below the order-possible range, and a case is considered in which the order of the product A from the sales process 102 to the product production process 112 is adjusted by moving the order to the product production process 114. FIG. 8 shows an example of the relationship between the profit or profit and loss and the adjustment when the order is adjusted by the adjustment 1. In the figure, a straight line A illustrates the relationship between the cost and the number of transfers when the production of the product A is transferred from the product production process 112 to the product production process 114, and a broken line B indicates a shortage of orders in the product production process 114. Is an example of the relationship between the number of movements when the adjustment is made in the direction in which the order is eliminated and the joyfulness thereof expressed as cost as a profit. The line C indicates the direction in which the excess orders in the product production process 112 are eliminated. This is an example of the relationship between the number of movements at the time of adjustment and the joy of the movement expressed as cost. The broken line D indicates the sum of the straight line A, the broken line B, and the broken line C. In this example, the profit is maximized when n orders are transferred from the product production process 112 to the product production process 114, so that an adjustment of n products is obtained as a result of the adjustment 1. In this example, the order of the product A is adjusted by moving the order for ease of explanation. However, in this embodiment, the order of the product A is moved and the order of the product B is adjusted.
The order is moved at the same time and the profit or loss is adjusted to be the minimum or the profit to be the maximum. Of course, the adjustment may be made by moving the order of the product B.

In the adjustment 2, orders for production processes that are not within the orderable range are moved forward to the previous month so that the profit and loss are minimized,
The adjustment is made by moving back to the next month. Profit and loss at the time of advancement includes inventory storage costs due to advancement and discounts due to aging of products due to advancement. FIG.
Fig. 7 shows an example of the relationship between the number of days of stock of a product and the discount. In the embodiment, since the supply and demand planning process is performed on a monthly basis, the discount by moving forward to the previous month is obtained by adding 30 days to the normal stock days. The relationship between the number of days in stock and the discount varies depending on the type of product, the presence or absence of competitive products, and the like, and is required for each product. In addition, the profit or loss at the time of postponement includes a profit or loss due to loss of a sales opportunity due to a failure to deliver the product immediately or a discount for delay of delivery. FIG. 10 shows an example of the relationship between the number of days to wait for product delivery and the sales opportunity loss coefficient. The opportunity loss coefficient is a coefficient in a range from a value 0 where there is no opportunity loss to a value 1 where the opportunity loss is 100%. As described above, in the embodiment, since the supply and demand planning process is performed on a monthly basis, the opportunity loss coefficient due to the delay in the later month is obtained by adding 30 days to the normal number of waiting days for delivery. The relationship between the number of waiting days for delivery and the opportunity loss coefficient differs depending on the type of product, the presence or absence of competitive products, and the like, and is required for each product. In addition, with regard to the advance, a constraint is imposed on a range that can be advanced from the supply and demand plan of the previous month, that is, a deviation between the upper limit of the order acceptable range in the production process of the previous month and the planned order, and the quantity within the range.

Adjustment 3 is to adjust by correcting the inventory target value of products and parts in the sales processes 102 and 104 and the product production processes 112 and 114. Since the order quantity is calculated by subtracting the deviation between the actual stock and the sales plan from the stock target value in each process, the order quantity can be adjusted by adjusting the stock target value downward or upward. The profit and loss resulting from the change of the inventory target value includes the loss caused by losing sales opportunities due to lack of inventory when the inventory target value is revised downward, and the inventory loss when the inventory target value is revised upward. Includes storage costs and discount costs due to aging of the product.

Returning to the supply and demand planning process routine of FIG. 6, when the determination in step S110 is affirmative or after the distribution of the order is adjusted in step S112,
A profit index is calculated based on the current plan value (step S
114), it is determined whether or not the distribution of the order can be adjusted in a direction in which the profit index increases (step S).
118). If the determination in step S110 is affirmative, the order is the initial distribution by proportional distribution with respect to the maximum value of the orderable range, and therefore the order is not distributed so that the profit is maximized. Even if it is done, the order is only adjusted for the production process that is not within the orderable range, and the order is not distributed so that the profit is maximized in the production process within the orderable range by the initial distribution. is there. The determination of the possibility of this distribution adjustment is based on the change in revenue when a part of an order for one product is transferred to another production process, and the profit and loss and the previous month caused by moving part of the order forward or backward. Is performed based on the increase or decrease of the profit based on the deviation from the increase of the profit in the plan.

When order distribution adjustment is possible, adjustment 1
The distribution of the order is adjusted so as to increase the profit index by using the same method as in (1) to (3) (step S118), and the profit index is calculated based on the planned value that has been distributed (step S120). Then, the planned value and the profit index for which the distribution has been adjusted are output to the CRT 54 or the like (step S12).
2) This routine ends.

In the above, the processing based on the ordering of the products from the sales processes 102, 104 to the product production processes 112, 114 has been mainly described, but the ordering of the components from the product production processes 112, 114 to the component production processes 122, 124 has been described. Is performed in the same manner, a plan adjusted so as to increase the profit index as a whole is prepared, and the plan value and the profit index are output to the CRT 54 or the like.

The demand and supply planning system 2 of the embodiment described above
According to 0, it is possible to formulate a demand and supply plan that is feasible and has a large profit index. As a result, by executing the planned supply and demand plan, each process can function smoothly and efficiently, and the profit can be further increased.

In the supply and demand planning apparatus 20 of the embodiment, the adjustment with the largest profit index is selected from the adjustments 1 to 3, but the adjustment is made by only one of the adjustments 1 to 3. Alternatively, the adjustment may be performed by selecting any two of the adjustments 1 to 3 or by using a combination thereof. Other adjustments may be made.

In the supply / demand planning apparatus 20 of the embodiment, the initial distribution of orders from the sales processes 102 and 104 to the product production processes 112 and 114 is set as a proportional distribution of the upper limit of the orderable range of the product production processes 112 and 114. However, the distribution that minimizes the product cost (the sum of the cost related to the production of the product and the transportation cost) may be the initial distribution. For example, product A,
The transportation cost from the product production process 112 of the B to the sales process 102 is smaller than the transportation cost from the product production process 114 to the sales process 102, and the transportation cost of the products A and B from the product production process 114 to the sales process 104 is the product production. If the transportation cost from the process 112 to the sales process 104 is smaller, the product production process 11
2 is the same as the cost of producing the products A and B in the product production process 114, the initial distribution is the product A and B in the sales process 102.
All orders of B are distributed to the product production process 112, and all orders of products A and B in the sales process 104 are product production process 1
14 will be distributed. Then, the distribution of the order may be adjusted in relation to the initial distribution in relation to the orderable range in each production process.

The initial distribution of orders from the sales processes 102 and 104 to the product production processes 112 and 114 is based on the sales process 1
02, 104, the product production process 112,
The distribution may be performed using a lead time as a time required from 114 to delivery. For example, FIG. 11 shows a case where an order from the sales process A is delivered from the product production processes B and C.
That is, in response to an order from the sales process A, the product production process B,
Calculate lead times t1 and t2 as time required until the product is delivered from C, and calculate lead times t1 and t2.
At t2, the planned months of the product production processes B and C are shifted from the planned month of the sales process A, and the order quantity Xn is calculated using the distribution ratio αn set for each planned month An of the sales process A.
And the distributed order quantity is set as a proportional distribution based on the lead times t1 and t2 from the planned month An at the same time, according to the following formulas (1) and (2).
It is calculated as the order quantities Yn and Zn of n and Cn.
In this way, it is possible to more appropriately distribute the order quantity in consideration of the lead time required from the order receipt to the delivery. In this case, since the distribution ratio αn is a parameter, the distribution ratio αn can be changed according to the orderable range and the like.
What is necessary is just to find the distribution ratio αn that maximizes the profit index. Note that the distribution using such a lead time is not limited to the initial distribution for the order of the sales process, but can be applied to the distribution for the order of the product production process and the order of the component production process.

[0071]

(Equation 1)

The demand / supply planning device 20 of the embodiment also
It also functions as a determination device that determines the appropriateness of each current process. FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a process suitability determination process routine executed when determining the suitability of each process. In this routine, determination of each process is performed using a monthly plan as in the case of drafting a supply and demand plan. When this routine is executed, C of the supply and demand planning device 20 of the embodiment is
The PU 42 firstly performs the same processing as the processing of steps S100 to S104 of the supply and demand plan planning processing routine of FIG. 6, that is, the processing of inputting the actual stock of each process (step S300).
Inputting a one-month sales plan of the sales processes 102 and 104 (step S302);
A process of calculating the total order quantity (order quantity) for each product from 04 to the product production processes 112 and 114 for each sales process (step S304).

Next, the order quantity of each product from each of the sales processes 102 and 104 is distributed so that the product cost (the sum of the cost relating to the production of the product and the transportation cost) is minimized (step S306). Is calculated (step S308). The allocation of the order quantity and the calculation of the orderable range that minimize the product cost have been described above. Then, a list including an order for each production process and an orderable range of each production process is created (step S310), and the list is output to the CRT 54 or the like (step S312), and this routine ends.

This list can be used to determine whether the processing capacity of the production process is sufficient or not, based on whether or not the distribution of the order quantity that minimizes the product cost is within the order receiving range.
By considering such a list for several months or years, it is possible to know the transition of the processing capacity required for each production process, and to contribute to a maintenance plan from a long-term viewpoint of each production process.

Although the supply-and-demand planning apparatus 20 of the embodiment does not show a specific example of the products A, B, C and D, any product may be used as long as it can be produced in the production process. Needless to say.

As one of the embodiments of the present invention, the supply and demand planning apparatus 20 for preparing a supply and demand plan relating to the supply chain of products and parts has been described. It may be applied. The services include those that intervene with goods such as repair of products and parts and those that do not intervene with goods such as provision of human services. The ordering and delivery of a service can be considered as the ordering and delivery of equipment and human resources necessary for providing the service. Also, shipping a service can be considered as providing a service. The inventory of products and parts in the supply chain is
It can be considered as a margin for equipment and human resources necessary for providing services in the process.

Although the supply and demand planning apparatus 20 according to the embodiment has been described as one embodiment of the present invention, a computer according to another embodiment of the present invention uses a computer as the embodiment. The program may function as the device of the embodiment 20 or a modification thereof, or may be a computer-readable recording medium storing the program. Various types of recording media such as a CD-ROM, a floppy disk, and a DVD-ROM are included. Further, as one of other embodiments of the present invention, a computer-readable program transmission medium that causes a computer to function as the supply and demand planning device 20 of the example or the device of the modification thereof may be used.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the embodiments, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and various embodiments may be made without departing from the gist of the present invention. Of course, it can be carried out.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a supply and demand planning system 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram showing an outline of the configuration of a 0 as a functional block.

FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram illustrating a hardware configuration of a demand-supply planning device according to an embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram illustrating an example of a supply chain as a specific example in which a supply and demand plan is created by the supply and demand planning device 20 of the embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram schematically showing a supply and demand process.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a Petri net model regarding products A and B in a supply chain as a specific example.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a supply and demand planning process routine executed by the supply and demand planning device 20 according to the embodiment;

FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a distribution adjustment processing routine executed by the supply and demand planning device 20 according to the embodiment;

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the relationship between the profit or profit and loss and the adjustment when the order is adjusted by the adjustment 1.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of a relationship between the number of days of stock of a product and a discount.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the relationship between the number of waiting days for delivery of a product and a sales opportunity loss coefficient.

FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram exemplifying a situation in which an order quantity of two product production processes B and C is planned for an order quantity Xn of a sales process A for each planned month.

FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a process appropriateness determination processing routine executed when determining appropriateness of each process.

[Explanation of symbols]

20 supply and demand planning device, 22 data storage unit, 24
Data input unit, 26 index calculation unit, 28 planning unit, 3
0 Orderable range setting part, 32 Plan judgment change part, 34
Planning output unit, 42 CPU, 44 bus, 46 cache memory, 48 cache controller, 50
Main memory, 52 graphics controller, 5
4 CRT, 56 keyboard interface, 58
Keyboard, 60 mouse, 62 input / output interface, 64 hard disk, 66 floppy disk, 102, 104 sales process, 112, 114 product production process, 122, 124 parts production process, 126, 1
28, 132, 134, 136 Parts supply process.

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Eiji Kojima 1 Toyota Town, Toyota City, Aichi Prefecture Inside Toyota Motor Corporation (72) Inventor Hiroyoshi Suzuki 1 Toyota Town, Toyota City, Aichi Prefecture Inside Toyota Motor Corporation (72) Inventor Kentaro Okubo 1 Toyota Town, Toyota City, Aichi Prefecture Inside Toyota Motor Corporation (72) Inventor Hayashi 1 Toyota Town, Toyota City, Aichi Prefecture Toyota Motor Corporation (72) Inventor Nakamura Toshihiro 1st Toyota Town, Toyota City, Aichi Prefecture F-term in Toyota Motor Corporation (reference) 3F022 AA05 MM02 MM03 MM11 MM21 5B049 AA00 BB07 CC05 CC24 CC28 DD05 EE01 EE31

Claims (30)

[Claims] 1. A supply-and-demand planning system for planning a supply-and-demand plan in a supply chain in which at least two supply-and-demand processes having an order, an order, a delivery and a shipment are connected. Data storage means for storing cost time data relating to required costs and time; order plan input means for inputting an order plan in a supply and demand process located at the end of the supply chain on the shipping side; and a predetermined order based on the input order plan. Planning data calculation means for calculating planning data of order, order, delivery, and shipping for each supply and demand process using the parameters of the following: based on the calculated planning data and the cost time data stored in the data storage means A profit index calculating means for calculating the supply chain profit index; and a parameter for changing the predetermined parameter. Data changing means; and setting, as a demand-supply plan, plan data in which the profit index calculated by the profit index calculating means among the plan data calculated by the plan data calculating means using the changed predetermined parameters is maximum. And a supply and demand plan setting device. 2. The supply and demand planning system according to claim 1, wherein said supply and demand step is a step of receiving, ordering, delivering, and shipping products and / or parts. 3. The supply and demand planning system according to claim 1, wherein the supply and demand process is a process of receiving, ordering, ordering, delivering and shipping services. 4. The planning data calculating means is means for calculating a deviation between an actual shipping margin with respect to an order received in the supply and demand process and a margin target value of the demand and supply process as an order for the demand and supply process. The demand / supply planning device according to any of the above. 5. The supply and demand planning system according to claim 4, wherein said parameter changing means is means for changing said margin target value as one of said predetermined parameters. 6. The supply and demand plan planning device according to claim 1, wherein said data storage means is means for storing data on an orderable range of each of said supply and demand processes, and said parameter changing means is A demand and supply plan planning device, which is a means for changing a parameter relating to an order as one of the predetermined parameters within the order acceptable range. 7. The demand and supply planning system according to claim 1, wherein said parameter changing means is means for changing a parameter for changing and setting the order by moving the order forward and / or backward. 8. A program for making a supply and demand plan, which causes a computer to function as the supply and demand planning apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7. 9. A computer-readable recording medium for recording the supply / demand planning program according to claim 8. 10. A supply and demand planning method for preparing a supply and demand plan in a supply chain comprising at least two or more supply and demand processes having an order, an order, a delivery, and a shipment, wherein: (a) a shipping side of the supply chain; An order plan for the supply and demand process located at the end is input, and (b) predetermined parameters are sequentially changed, and the order, order, delivery, and shipping plan data of each supply and demand process are calculated based on the input order plan. And calculating a profit index of the supply chain based on the calculated plan data and cost time data on costs and time required from delivery to shipment in each supply and demand process, and (c) changing the predetermined parameters. A supply and demand plan that formulates, as a supply and demand plan, the plan data with the largest calculated profit index among the plan data calculated sequentially Draft method. 11. The demand and supply planning method according to claim 10, wherein said supply and demand step is a step of receiving an order, ordering, delivering and shipping of a product and / or part. 12. The supply and demand planning method according to claim 10, wherein said supply and demand step is a step of receiving, ordering, delivering, and shipping services. 13. The method according to claim 10, wherein the step (b) is a step of calculating a deviation between the actual shipping margin for the order in the supply and demand process and the target margin of the supply and demand process as an order for the supply and demand process. Or supply and demand planning method described. 14. The demand and supply planning method according to claim 13, wherein the step (b) is a step of changing and calculating the margin target value as one of the predetermined parameters. 15. The method according to claim 10, wherein said step (b) is a step of changing a parameter relating to an order as one of said predetermined parameters within an orderable range set for each supply and demand process, and calculating. Any of the supply and demand planning methods described. 16. The method according to claim 10, wherein the step (b) is a step of changing and calculating a parameter relating to an advance amount and / or a backward amount of the order as one of the predetermined parameters. Supply and demand planning method described. 17. Receiving an order for a product, ordering the product or a member for producing the product, and shipping the product delivered according to the order or producing the product using the component delivered according to the order. A supply and demand planning system for preparing a supply and demand plan in a supply chain in which at least one supply and demand process is connected in parallel and / or in series, comprising: Process data on costs and time required for shipping, transport data on shipping costs and time required for shipping the product, and inventory target value data as inventory targets for products and components in each of the supply and demand processes. A data storage means for storing, and an inventory actual for inputting an actual inventory of products and components in each supply and demand process of the supply chain. Input means; input means for inputting a sales order plan of a product in a supply and demand process located at the end of the supply chain on the shipping side; plan data relating to order, order, delivery, and shipment in each of the supply and demand processes; Means for calculating a profit index of the supply chain based on the process data and transportation data stored in the means; and the input order plan and actual stock and the inventory target value stored in the data storage means. And a plan setting means for setting plan data of order, order, delivery, and shipment in each of the supply and demand processes so that the profit index increases based on the data. 18. The plan setting means calculates a deviation between a value obtained by subtracting an order plan of the supply and demand process from an actual stock of the supply and demand process located at the terminal on the shipping side and an inventory target value of the supply and demand process. The order quantity is set to the orderable supply and demand process so that the profit is increased based on the process data and the transportation data stored in the data storage means for the order and supply process that can be ordered from the demand and supply process. 18. The supply and demand planning system according to claim 17, wherein the distribution is performed as a distribution. 19. The supply and demand planning device according to claim 17, wherein said data storage means is means for also storing data relating to a range of possible orders for products in each of said supply and demand processes. Orderable range setting means for setting the orderable range of each of the supply and demand processes based on data on the orderable range; and the set orderable range and the order of each of the supply and demand processes set by the plan setting means. A supply-and-supply-planning device comprising: an appropriate determination unit that determines the appropriateness of each of the supply and demand processes based on the information. 20. The supply and demand planning system according to claim 19, wherein said appropriateness determination means is means for determining an excess or deficiency of a processing capacity in each of said supply and demand processes. 21. The supply and demand planning system according to claim 17, wherein said data storage means is means for also storing data relating to an orderable range of a product in each of said supply and demand processes. An order-receiving range setting means for setting an order-receiving range of each of the supply and demand processes based on data on an order-receiving range; and the order-receiving-range setting means corresponding to the order of each supply and demand process set by the plan setting means. An order determination means for determining whether the order is within an orderable range set for the supply and demand process; and an order corresponding to the determined order of supply and demand when the order determination means determines that the order is not within the orderable range. A demand and supply plan planning device, comprising: plan change means for changing plan data set by the plan setting means so as to be within an order-receiving possible range. 22. The plan changing means changes the plan data by transferring a part or all of the determined order in the supply and demand process to an order in the supply and demand process capable of shipping the same product as the demand and supply process. 22. The demand and supply planning device according to claim 21, which is a means. 23. The plan change means receives the order data of the determined supply and demand process by partially or entirely moving forward and / or backward in time with respect to the order plan, thereby obtaining the plan data. 3. A means for changing.
23. The demand / supply planning device according to 1 or 22. 24. The order determination means, when a part or all of the order is temporally advanced and / or delayed by the plan changing means, the order is determined to be advanced and / or delayed. 24. The supply and demand planning system according to claim 23, wherein the unit determines whether the sum of the order and the order set by the plan setting unit is within the order acceptable range. 25. The plan changing means, wherein the planned data of at least a part of each of the supply and demand processes is changed so that the determined order of the demand and supply process falls within a corresponding orderable range. 25. The demand-supply planning device according to claim 21, wherein the device is a means for changing the value. 26. The plan change means for changing the plan data so that the order in each of the supply and demand processes is within the corresponding orderable range and the profit index is increased. The supply and demand planning device described in the above. 27. The supply and demand planning system according to claim 17, further comprising an output unit configured to output the set or changed plan data and the profit index calculated on the plan data. 28. A computer, which receives an order for a product, orders a product or a member for producing the product, and ships the product delivered in accordance with the order or manufactures a product using the member delivered in accordance with the order. A supply and demand planning process for drafting a supply and demand plan in a supply chain in which at least one or more supply and demand processes for producing and shipping are connected in parallel and / or in series. From the process data on the cost and time required to ship the product, the transport data on the shipping cost and the time required for the shipping of the product, and the inventory target value which is the inventory target of the product and member in each of the supply and demand processes Data storage means for storing data, and the actual stock of products and components in each supply and demand process of the supply chain Means for inputting actual stock data, input means for inputting a sales order plan for a product in the supply and demand process located at the end of the supply chain on the shipment side, and plan data relating to order, order, delivery and shipping in each of the supply and demand processes And a profit index calculating means for calculating a profit index of the supply chain based on the process data and the transportation data stored in the data storage means; and the input order plan and inventory results and the data stored in the data storage means. A computer-reading device functioning as a demand-supply planning device including plan setting means for setting order data of order, order, delivery, and shipment in each of the supply and demand processes so that the profit index increases based on the obtained inventory target value data. A recording medium that stores a possible program. 29. The recording medium according to claim 28, wherein said computer, said data storage means functions as means for storing also data relating to an orderable range of a product in each of said supply and demand processes, and said storage means. Orderable range setting means for setting the orderable range of each of the supply and demand processes based on the data on the orderable range which has been set, and the set orderable range and the order of each of the supply and demand processes set by the plan setting means. A storage medium storing a computer-readable program that causes the computer to function as a supply and demand planning device, further comprising: an appropriate determination unit that determines appropriateness of each of the supply and demand processes based on the program. 30. The recording medium according to claim 28, wherein said computer stores said data, and said data storage means functions as means for storing data relating to an order-receiving range of a product in each of said supply and demand processes. Orderable range setting means for setting the orderable range of each of the supply and demand processes based on the data on the settable orderable range, and the order for each of the supply and demand processes set by the plan setting means is set by the orderable range setting means. Order determination means for determining whether the order is within the orderable range set for the corresponding supply and demand process; and when the order determination means determines that the order is not within the orderable range, the order for the determined supply and demand process is determined. And a plan changing means for changing plan data set by the plan setting means so as to be in a corresponding orderable range. Recording medium storing a computer-readable program for ability.