JP2001200727A - Turbosupercharger - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To increase seal air pressure. SOLUTION: A curved nozzle-shaped intake tube 101 is fitted to the inlet of a seal air passage 30. An inlet 102 of the intake tube 101 is opposed to a diffuser 19 and positioned so as to stop a high-pressure air. Thus, because the inlet 102 of the intake tube 101 is disposed to the full pressure of the high- pressure air, the seal air pressure leading to a space S via the seal air passage 30 can be increased.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a turbo type turbocharger which is used for a diesel engine or a large diesel generator of a ship and has a function of maintaining a thrust balance by a seal air structure.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing an example of a conventional turbocharger. This turbocharger 100
Shaft 2 with journal supported by main bearing 1
An impeller 4 attached to one end of the shaft 2 and provided with a rectifying cap 3 at the tip thereof; a rotor disk 5 attached to the other end of the shaft 2;
And a plurality of moving blades 6 attached to the periphery of the moving blade 6. The main bearing 1 is held in a center casing 7.
The main bearing 1 is a plain bearing lined with white metal, and its lubrication is maintained by oil supply from a forced lubrication structure 8 formed in the casing.

Further, a thrust bearing 9 having a tapered land shape is provided on one side of the center casing 7 so that the shaft 2 receives a thrust in the thrust direction. Further, one end of the shaft 2 is supported by an end bearing 10. An exhaust casing 11 is provided around the center casing 7, and the exhaust casing 11 is provided with an exhaust port 12 for driving gas.

[0004] Further, an inlet side casing 13 and an inlet side inner casing 14 are provided for the exhaust side casing 11, and a suction nozzle 15 is formed by the inlet side casing 13 and the inlet side inner casing 14. At the outlet of the suction nozzle 15, a nozzle 16 configured by arranging a plurality of stationary blades is provided. The moving blade 6 is located to face the nozzle 16. Also,
A drive gas inlet 17 is provided in the inlet casing 13.

On the other hand, a diffuser 19 having a plurality of guide vanes 18 is arranged around the impeller 4. The diffuser 19 is provided between the inner spiral casing 20 and the outer spiral casing 21. A suction structure 22 including an air filter and the like is provided on the opening side of the inner spiral casing 20, and a discharge port 23 is provided on the outer spiral casing 21. In addition, impeller 4
A tip fin 24 for preventing gas leakage due to a pressure difference is provided between the tip fin 24 and the center casing 7. Further, a labyrinth seal 25 is provided between the periphery of the impeller 4 and the center casing 7.

The center casing 7 and the exhaust casing 11 are provided with a shaft seal 27 which forms a labyrinth seal 26 with the rotor disk 5. Further, the tip fin 2 is provided at the end of the center casing 7.
8 is provided to reduce gas leakage near the root of the rotor disk 5. Further, the center casing 7 is provided with a seal air passage 30 formed by a drill hole. The end of the seal air passage 30 is open near the diffuser. This seal air passage 30
Is connected to a space S formed by the shaft sealing body 27 and the rotor disk 5.

Exhaust gas from a diesel engine or the like introduced through the driving gas inlet 17 is compressed by the suction nozzle 15 and jetted out of the nozzle 16. The jetted gas is converted into rotational motion by the rotor blades 6, passes through the exhaust casing 11, and is exhausted from the exhaust port 12. Here, the shaft 2
, A thrust in the thrust direction is applied by the action of the driving gas, and the thrust load is received by the thrust bearing 9.

[0008] The rotation of the moving blade 6 is transmitted to the impeller 4 via the shaft 2. The rotation of the impeller 4 sucks the air from the suction structure 22, and the work of the impeller 4 increases the pressure and kinetic energy of the sucked air. Subsequently, the air exiting the impeller 4 is diffused by the diffuser 19.
In, the kinetic energy is pressure converted. The high-pressure air from the diffuser 19 is supplied to the spiral casing (21,
22) and is discharged from the discharge port 23.

The high-pressure air that has flowed out of the spiral casings (21, 22) passes through the seal air passage 30 and is closed by the shaft sealing body 2.
7 and the space S formed by the rotor disk 5. Since the space S is shielded from gas by the labyrinth seal 26 and the chip fins 28, the pressure of the high-pressure air acts as a reaction force for receiving the thrust load of the shaft 2, and reduces the load on the thrust bearing 9. The high-pressure air introduced into the space S also has a function of preventing oil and gas from entering the bearing portion.

[0010]

Here, as the output of the engine increases, the thrust applied to the shaft 2 in the thrust direction increases in proportion thereto, and the thrust bearing 9 increases accordingly.
The load on the system will increase. An increase in the load on the thrust bearing 9 causes a reduction in the life of the bearing. To solve such a problem, it is conceivable to increase the size of the thrust bearing 9 so as to withstand a large thrust load. However, as the size of the thrust bearing 9 increases, the mechanical loss increases accordingly. Therefore, by making good use of the conventional seal air structure, the thrust bearing 9 can be used.
Is preferably reduced. The turbocharger of the present invention has been made in view of the above problems.

[0011]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a turbocharger having a space including a surface for applying a reaction force by a gas pressure to a thrust in a thrust direction of a shaft. A seal air passage communicating the spiral casing through which high-pressure air flows from the diffuser and the space, and a nozzle-shaped intake pipe connected to the seal air passage and having an inlet substantially opposed to the diffuser. is there.

Since the inlet of the high pressure gas from the diffuser faces the flow of the intake pipe, the total pressure of the high pressure gas can be obtained. The high-pressure gas flows into the space having a surface that applies a reaction force to the shaft via the inside of the seal air passage. As a result, the pressure in the space increases, and acts as a reaction force to the thrust of the shaft in the thrust direction. The surface to which this reaction force is applied is, for example, a rotor disk or the like.
Further, the intake pipe may be a post-installed elbow pipe or an integrally formed nozzle connected to the seal air passage.
As described above, a larger reaction force can be obtained as compared with the conventional case where the seal air is obtained by static pressure through the opening formed in the spiral casing.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a turbocharger comprising: a space including a surface for applying a reaction force by gas pressure to a thrust in a thrust direction of a shaft; a spiral casing through which high-pressure air from a diffuser flows; A seal air passage communicating with the space; and an extension provided in the diffuser and guiding the high-pressure air from the diffuser so as to face an opening of the seal air passage in the spiral casing.

The high-pressure air from the diffuser is guided by the extension and guided to the opening of the seal air passage. Since the high-pressure air is guided by the extension so as to face the opening, the pressure of the seal air can be obtained in a state close to the total pressure. The high-pressure gas flowing from the opening flows through the seal air passage into a space having a surface that applies a reaction force to the shaft. As a result, the pressure in the space increases, and acts as a reaction force to the thrust of the shaft in the thrust direction.
The extension portion may be formed by, for example, extending a guide vane of a diffuser or by extending a part of a disk.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided the turbocharger according to the third aspect of the present invention, further comprising a tubular portion provided in the intake pipe, and the tubular portion being rotatable around an opening of the seal air passage. In addition to the above, a tool passage is secured separately from the seal air passage, and an adjustment shape capable of locking a tool to the pipe extension is provided.

The pressure of the seal air varies with the angle of the inlet to the flow of high pressure gas from the diffuser. For example, when the output of the engine changes, the seal air pressure is adjusted by changing the inlet angle of the intake port so that the reaction force does not become excessive. As a means for such angle adjustment, an adjusting shape is provided at the extension of the intake pipe, a tool is inserted from the tool passage and the tool is locked in the adjusting shape, and the angle of the intake pipe is adjusted. change. This adjusting shape can be constituted by, for example, a tooth or a projection, and a tool having an end formed with teeth or a rod-shaped one engaging with the projection can be used as a tool to be engaged with the adjustment shape. Can be. In particular, when a seal air passage is formed by a drill hole, a passage opened during machining can be used as a tool passage.

[0017]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, embodiments of a turbocharger according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The present invention is not limited by the embodiment.

(First Embodiment) FIG. 1 is a partially enlarged view of a turbocharger according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
This turbo-type supercharger is characterized in that a curved nozzle-shaped intake pipe 101 is fitted to the inlet of the seal air passage 30. Other configurations are similar to those of the conventional turbocharger 100 described above.
Therefore, the description thereof is omitted, and the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals. The inlet 102 of the intake pipe 101 is
It faces the diffuser 19 and is located so as to block high-pressure air.

By arranging the inlet 102 of the intake pipe 101 so as to receive the total pressure of the high-pressure air, the pressure of the seal air reaching the space S via the seal air passage 30 can be increased. This makes it possible to increase the reaction force of the shaft 2 with respect to the thrust in the thrust direction, so that an appropriate thrust balance can be maintained without increasing the size of the thrust bearing 9.

Although the case where the seal air passage 30 is formed by drilling a hole in the center casing 7 has been described above, when the center casing 7 is cast,
The seal air passage 30 is previously formed by a lost wax method or the like.
Is formed, the intake tube 101 may be integrally formed by casting (not shown). By doing so, the labor of the mounting operation can be saved. Although not shown, the intake pipe 101 can be used by changing the shape of the inlet 102 into a trumpet shape, a rectangular shape, or an appropriate change.

(Embodiment 2) FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing a diffuser of a turbocharger according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. The diffuser 19 has a structure in which curved and extending fins 103 are provided so that compressed air flows toward an inlet (indicated by a dotted line in the drawing) of the seal air passage 30. The high-pressure air from the diffuser 19 flows along the fins 103 and is discharged at an angle at which the high-pressure air easily enters the seal air passage 30.

Thus, the pressure of the sealing air can be increased. Note that the shape of the fin 103 is not limited to the curved rectangle shown in the figure, and may be, for example, a semicircular plate shape. Although not shown, the guide vanes 18 of the diffuser 19 may be extended to near the inlet of the seal air passage 30.

Third Embodiment FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing a seal air structure of a turbocharger according to a third embodiment of the present invention. This seal air structure 104 is characterized in that the direction of the inlet of the intake pipe 101 shown in the first embodiment can be adjusted. When a drill hole is formed in the center casing to form the seal air passage 30, a screw-type lid 105 is provided in the drill hole opened from the outside of the casing.

Also, the intake pipe 101 has a portion fitted to the seal air passage 30 extended to a next orthogonal passage,
The teeth 107 are formed at the edge of the pipe portion 106. A special tool 108 is used to adjust the inlet direction of the intake pipe 101.
Is used. This dedicated tool 108 has a tooth 110 formed at the tip of a tubular body 109 and a handle 1 at the rear end.
11 is attached. The dedicated tool 108 is provided with a collar 112 for determining an insertion position.

To adjust the inlet direction of the intake pipe 101,
First, the lid 105 is removed and the special tool 108 is inserted into the seal air passage 30. After inserting to some extent, the teeth 110 of the special tool 108 and the extension portion 10 of the intake tube 101
The sixth tooth 107 meshes. This meshing position is regulated by the collar 112. When the handle 111 is rotated with the teeth 107 and 110 biting, the intake tube 101 rotates. After rotating to a predetermined position, the special tool 108
, And sealed again with the lid 105.

If the direction of the inlet of the intake pipe 101 is changed in this way, the state of intrusion of the high-pressure gas from the diffuser 19 changes, so that the pressure of the seal air can be finely adjusted. Therefore, the shaft 2
Can be prevented from being given an excessive reaction force. Further, it is possible to adjust the output according to the output of the engine used. In addition, a projection may be provided on the extending portion 106 of the intake pipe 101, and the adjustment rod may be inserted into the passage, and the adjustment rod may be hit with a hammer or the like to push the projection to rotate the intake pipe 101. (Not shown).

[0027]

As described above, in the turbocharger according to the present invention (claim 1), the space including the surface for applying the reaction force by the gas pressure to the thrust of the shaft in the thrust direction and the diffuser are provided. A high-pressure air flowing from the spiral casing and the space, and a nozzle-like intake pipe connected to the seal air passage and having an inlet substantially opposed to the diffuser. Can be improved.

In the turbocharger according to the present invention (claim 2), a space including a surface for applying a reaction force by gas pressure to the thrust in the thrust direction of the shaft and high-pressure air from the diffuser flow. A seal air passage communicating the spiral casing and the space, and an extension provided in the diffuser and guiding the high-pressure air from the diffuser so as to face the opening of the seal air passage in the spiral casing. Thus, the reaction force due to the sealing air can be improved.

In the turbocharger according to the present invention (claim 3), the intake pipe is provided with a pipe extension, and this pipe extension is rotatably fitted into the opening of the seal air passage. A tool passage is secured separately from the seal air passage,
Since the adjusting pipe is provided with an adjusting shape capable of retaining a tool, the angle of the intake pipe can be easily changed. For this reason, it is possible to adjust the pressure of the seal air.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partially enlarged view showing a configuration of a turbocharger according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a diffuser of a turbocharger according to a second embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a seal air structure of a turbocharger according to a third embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram illustrating an example of a conventional turbocharger.

[Explanation of symbols]

 Reference Signs List 2 shaft 4 impeller 5 rotor disk 6 rotor blade 7 center casing 9 thrust bearing 11 exhaust casing 13 inlet casing 14 inlet inner casing 15 suction nozzle 16 nozzle 18 guide vane 19 diffuser 20 inner spiral casing 21 outer spiral casing 27 shaft Seal 30 Seal air passage 100 Turbocharger 101 Intake pipe 102 Inlet

Continued on the front page F term (reference) 3G005 DA02 DA09 EA04 EA16 FA32 GB12 GB59 GB64 GB65 GB67 GB68 GB85 GB86 KA07 KA09 3H021 AA01 AA08 BA10 CA02 DA18 3H022 AA02 BA01 BA06 CA30 CA33 DA15 3H034 AA02 AA17 BB03 BB06 DD03

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A seal including a space including a surface for applying a reaction force by gas pressure to a thrust in a thrust direction of a shaft, a seal air passage communicating a spiral casing through which high-pressure air from a diffuser flows with the space, and the seal air passage. And a nozzle-like intake pipe whose inlet is substantially opposed to the diffuser. 2. A space including a surface for applying a reaction force to the thrust in the thrust direction of the shaft by gas pressure, a seal air passage communicating between the spiral casing through which high-pressure air flows from the diffuser and the space, and a diffuser provided in the diffuser. And an extension for guiding high-pressure air from the diffuser so as to face an opening of a seal air passage in the spiral casing. 3. An extension pipe portion is provided on the intake pipe, the extension pipe portion is rotatably fitted into an opening of a seal air passage, and a tool passage is secured separately from the seal air passage. 2. The turbocharger according to claim 1, wherein an adjustment shape capable of locking a tool is provided on the pipe extension.