JP2001182321A - Method of reading, analyzing and interpreting technical drawing - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To simplify a structure according to the technical drawing from a structural technical drawing because much time and labors are required for determining the quantity of steel necessary for constructing the structure. SOLUTION: A method in which a computer reading, analyzing and interpreting the structural technical drawing is used for determining the quantity and shape of steel used for construction according to the structural technical drawing is provided. The method contains a line and a symbol displaying a steel bar and discrimination, analysis and interpretation by processing at a plurality of stages of relationship among these line and symbol, and processing at a plurality of stages comprises the discrimination, analysis and interpretation of an indication line, the discrimination of the shape of the steel bar and a spatial constitution and the determination of the size of the steel bar by a pair of previously demarcated values and an algorithm.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an automatic computer processing device for reading, analyzing and interpreting structural technical drawings to determine the amount of steel used for construction of a structure according to the structural technical drawings.

[0002]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In a construction business, both developers and contractors spend considerable time and effort determining the cost of the business. The developer is eager to check and determine the cost of the business with the contractor, and the contractor is pragmatic, covers all items of construction, and the estimated cost is as accurate as possible I am keen to make sure.

[0003] Generally speaking, the contractor examines and analyzes the structural engineering drawings of the business prepared by the developer to determine exactly how much material is required to complete the business. . Once the total amount of material has been determined, the contractor can determine the cost for each item and determine the total cost of building the business.

[0004] The breakdown of materials and costs is disclosed in documents known as construction bills. This document typically spans hundreds of pages. To prepare a construction cost report, a qualified payroll examiner examines and analyzes all items on each structural technical drawing to determine exactly how much material is needed to complete the project shown in the drawing. Must be evaluated. The number of documents that need to be investigated can be in the hundreds, and a team of four to five estimators may require four to five man months to complete the drawing analysis.

[0005] The above process is very time consuming, is prone to considerable errors, and may be further delayed because the developer mathematician checks the drawing for accuracy and checks the results from the contractor mathematician. .

[0006] Such analysis of structural engineering drawings is a very detailed and organized task. The accountant must consider the information present in the drawing and additionally be able to convert 2D information into 3D information.

[0007] Structural engineering drawings usually include columns, walls, beams,
1 shows a cross-sectional view of a structural element such as a floorboard, stairs, etc. FIG. The drawings are created according to the specifications of the building. Structural technology drawings
A structural plan showing the placement of the main structural elements on the floor,
Includes detailed plan drawings showing details of columns, beams, walls, stairs, etc.

[0008] All elements in each drawing are labeled in accordance with industry standard agreements so that the estimator can accurately identify what each item is made of. So, for example, in the pillar plan,
The multiplying person can see the exact number of strengthening bars in the columns, the size of each bar, and the degree of bar overlap between two adjacent columns. The interpreter must determine the amount of material required by interpreting the drawing.

Sometimes the required data is not shown in the drawings, and the estimator must return to another drawing to obtain the missing data. The estimator must also be aware of the general standards adopted for any particular business. This information is contained in a general note accompanying the drawing.

The work of the estimator is complex and requires a high degree of skill and experience. Counters must receive extensive training to obtain the necessary skills. Analyzing technical drawings is a slow, manual process that is currently time consuming. The work is also very repetitive and time consuming.

Structural engineering drawings are basically two-dimensional representations of three-dimensional objects. The three-dimensional information of the items displayed in the drawings is shown in the form of signs, notes and abbreviations. The estimator understands these titles, notes and abbreviations. Without titles, notes, and abbreviations, it would not be possible to actually analyze the drawing meaningfully to determine the amount of steel needed to construct the structure disclosed in the drawing.

[0012] The designation of the steel bar includes a description of up to six separate pieces of information: quantity, type, diameter, mark, spacing and abbreviation. Therefore, for example, 5-Y10-23-
The symbol 150B1 means that 10mm diameter 5Y type steel bars are spaced 150mm apart at B1 (ie, bottom 1), and all steel bars have bar marks 23.

As a further example, 35R10-101-
The 150 SS symbol indicates a single stirrup that tightens around the beam. Numeral 35 indicates the number of stirrups around the beam. The letter R indicates the type of stirrup. Numeral 10 indicates the diameter of the stirrup steel bar. The numeral 101 is a mark of steel stirrup,
Numeral 150 is the stirrup spacing along the beam.

Generally speaking, the marking of steel bars in technical drawings is performed according to an industry standard agreement. However, in practice, various people delete certain information or simplify the notation to transform industry standards. This poses a problem for the estimator in interpreting the drawing.

[0015]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is a computer automation method capable of reading, analyzing, and interpreting structural engineering drawings to determine the amount of steel required to construct a structure in accordance with the structural engineering drawings. The method includes a central processing unit coupled to a storage means, an input means and an output means, reads a structural technical drawing, which is of a digital type, analyzes the contents shown by the drawing, interprets the information, and performs the construction. You need a computer that can determine the amount of steel you want. The storage means is used to store the value of the steel bar described in the structural engineering drawing or a predetermined algorithm for identifying and identifying the value. Various other data and information required to accurately analyze the drawing, such as the standard used in the drawing and the overlap length of the reinforcing bars, are stored in the storage means.

[0016]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The method of analyzing and interpreting is such that the central processing unit identifies, analyzes and interprets the lines and symbols representing the steel bars and the relationship between them by multi-stage processing, and the multi-stage processing includes: Identifying the symbol from the information obtained from the analysis and the information contained in the storage means, analyzing and interpreting, identifying the indicating line, analyzing and interpreting, the shape and spatial configuration of the steel bar And sizing the steel bar.

Identification of symbols The symbols contain information about the steel bar. The major components of the steel bar are indicated by capital letters such as "R", "T", "Y", "ET". The separator is “-”,
It is represented by “＠” and “”. The symbols "+" and "&"
Used to certify multiple steel bars.

To confirm that the symbol is of steel, the central processing unit uses a set of predefined numbers and algorithms to represent "R", which represents the major components of the steel bar symbol.
Uppercase letters such as "T", "Y", "ET" are recognized, and marks used as separators in symbols such as "-", "$", "" are recognized. Identify markers used to qualify multiple steel bars, such as + ","&".

When the central processing unit identifies the symbol string, it then compares the value determined with the known value stored in the storage means, and if the result is the steel value stored in the storage means. If it exactly corresponds to the value expected for the bar or is within predetermined limits, the symbol is determined to be for a steel bar.

Identification of Indication Lines The steel bar is usually indicated in the drawing by an indication line.
The instruction line is recognized by the central processing unit from various lines in the drawing. The central processing unit may include, according to a set of predefined values and algorithms, one or a group of steels, with or without one or a group of symbols and one end adjacent to the line intersecting with them, or with an indicator. Identify lines with the other end in contact with or in proximity to the bar. If the result corresponds exactly to the expected value stored in the storage means or is within predetermined limits, the line is:
It is determined that this is the instruction line.

Steel Bar Identification The steel bar line indicates the length, shape, spatial configuration and arrangement of the steel bars. The identification of steel bar lines is based on two characteristics. First, the connection to the instruction line,
Is a connection with the symbol.

To determine whether a line in the technical drawing represents a steel bar, the central processing unit defines a set of predefined geometrical relationships and symbols between the steel bar in question and the indicating line. Determined according to the value and algorithm. If the symbol and the indicator line are valid, ie if the result corresponds to the value expected for the symbol and the indicator line, said line is a steel bar.

After qualifying the steel bars in the drawing, the next step in the method is to size the steel bars. Once the dimensions of the steel bar are determined, the required amount and shape of steel can be determined from the values determined by the central processing unit by mathematical calculations according to a predetermined formula. To determine the dimensions of the steel bar, the central processing unit checks the geometric information of the steel bar line and the values from the string associated with the steel bar line according to a series of predetermined algorithms and / or information contained in the storage means. I do.

The data extracted in this way is used to calculate the amount of material needed to construct the item identified in the drawing.

It is very important to confirm that all drawings have been analyzed and that the required data has been extracted, in order to ensure that any quantification is accurate. Adapt the data from each drawing to the data from the structural plan to ensure that the data is accurate and complete. Once all the data has been extracted from the drawing, the computer
Calculate the amount of materials needed for construction.

The structural plan shows the overall dimensions of the building and the arrangement of building elements. By referring to the structural plan, any discrepancies in the dimensions and arrangement of items can be identified, thus avoiding errors in quantification or finding errors in the drawing.

Since the drawings are two-dimensional, it is necessary to take into account the fact that the drawings represent three-dimensional objects. Therefore, the number of floors and the height of each floor must be considered in the quantification. The information is stored in the storage means.

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Conrad Wong Ting Cheung Hong Kong, Kowloon, Kowloon Bay, Shuun Yuet Road, 9, Enterprise Prize Square, Tower 1, Tens Floor F term (reference) 5B049 AA00 BB05 CC11 EE01 EE02 EE07 FF07 GG04 5B050 BA18 BA20 CA07 EA06 EA07 FA02 5B057 AA13 DA12 DA13 DB08 DC09 DC30

Claims (10)

[Claims] 1. An automated computerized method of reading, analyzing and interpreting structural engineering drawings to determine the amount and shape of steel used for construction according to the structural engineering drawings, comprising: (i) a central processing unit, (Ii) first storage means including a hard disk and / or random access memory operatively coupled to said central processing unit;
The method comprising: i) input means operatively coupled to the central processing unit; and (iv) output means operatively coupled to the central processing unit. 2. The storage means according to claim 1, wherein said storage means is used to store values and predetermined algorithms for identifying and identifying indications of all different types of steel bars found in structural engineering drawings. The method. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein said input means is used to provide information for selecting said drawing to be read and analyzed. 4. The central processing unit identifies, analyzes, and interprets the lines and symbols representing the steel bars and the relationship between them by a multi-stage process, wherein the multi-stage process is obtained from the analysis. Identify the symbol from the information provided and the information contained in the storage means, analyze and interpret, identify the indication line, analyze and interpret, identify the shape and spatial arrangement of the steel bar, The method of claim 1 including the step of sizing the steel bar. 5. The central processing unit uses a set of predefined values and an algorithm to capitalize the symbols “R”, “T”, “Y”, “ET” representing the major components of the steel bar. Certification, and also the marks used as separators in symbols such as “-”, “＠”, “”, and multiple steel bars such as “+”, “&”. 5. The method according to claim 1-4, wherein the marker used for (1) is identified. 6. The central processing unit, according to a series of predefined values and algorithms, contacts one end close to one or a group of symbols and one or a group of steel bars with or without an indicator. 6. The method of claim 1-5, wherein the line with the other end in proximity is identified. 7. The central processing unit, according to a series of predefined algorithms, converts a steel bar line and / or a cross section of a steel bar line from a symbol line and an instruction line related to the steel bar line or the cross section of the steel bar line. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is qualified. 8. The central processing unit ascertains geometric information and values of the steel bar line from a series of symbols and / or information associated with the steel bar line included in the storage means by a series of predefined algorithms. 8. The method of claim 1-7. 9. The central processing unit compares the set of values determined from the symbols according to a set of predefined algorithms with a known value stored in the storage means, wherein the value is If the result matches or approximates a predetermined result, the central processing unit compares the value determined from the indication line with a known value stored in the storage means according to a set of predefined algorithms. And
If the value matches or approximates a predetermined result, the central processing unit determines the shape and spatial configuration of the steel bar according to a set of predefined algorithms, and 9. The method of claim 1-8, wherein if the shape of the steel bar matches or approximates a predetermined result, the central processing unit determines the size of the steel bar according to a set of predefined values and an algorithm. . 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the amount of steel is determined by a mathematical calculation according to a predetermined formula from a value determined by the central processing unit.