JP2001173515A - Stirling expander - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To effectively improve the efficiency of a Sterling expander. SOLUTION: High low pressure stage stirling mechanisms 11 and 11', operating with a phase difference of a half period, are provided. When the high pressure stage Sterling mechanism 11 is positioned in the vicinity of a point of time of transfer from a volume decrease process to a volume increase process, pressure gas S is injected in the low temperature chamber C of the high pressure stage stirling mechanism 11 and an internal pressure gas S" is discharged from the low temperature chamber C' of the low pressure stage Sterling mechanism 11'. When the high pressure stage Sterling mechanism 11 is positioned in the vicinity of a point of time of transfer from a volume increase process to a volume decrease process, a part of internal pressure gas S' is discharged from the low temperature chamber C of the high pressure stage stirling mechanism 11, and the discharged pressure gas S' is injected in the low temperature chamber C' of the low pressure stage Sterling mechanism 11'. So constituted pressure gas feeding and discharging means 21 and 16 are provided.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a Stirling expander used as a power source for various applications, and more particularly, to a high temperature step of moving a working gas from a low temperature chamber to a high temperature chamber having a heater through a heat regenerator. A volume increasing step of increasing the total volume of the low temperature chamber and the high temperature chamber communicating with each other through the heat regenerator, a low temperature step of moving the working gas from the high temperature chamber to the low temperature chamber through the heat regenerator, and a low temperature chamber and a high temperature chamber. In a Stirling mechanism that repeats the volume reduction step of reducing the volume of the entire chamber in the order described above, a pressure gas as a working gas is injected into the low-temperature chamber near the transition point from the volume reduction step to the volume increase step, and Means for discharging a part of the internal pressure gas as working gas (an amount corresponding to the previous injection amount in terms of mass) from the low temperature chamber near the point of transition from the increasing process to the volume decreasing process. On sterling expander provided.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Such a Stirling expander has a higher p-type than a Stirling engine that performs a Stirling cycle and a steam engine that performs a Rankine cycle.
Assuming that a high specific output can be obtained by performing a combined cycle having the upper half of the Stirling cycle at the top and the lower half of the Rankine cycle at the bottom on the V diagram, Compared to a Stirling engine that uses a sealed gas as the working gas, it has been proposed that special high pressure sealing of the working gas is not required and the device structure can be simplified. A power is generated by expanding the pressure gas (for example, steam) injected into the low-temperature chamber near the transition point to the volume increasing step by applying heat by the heat regenerator and the heater in the volume increasing step from the high temperature step, and The expanded internal pressure gas is recovered by a heat regenerator in the low-temperature process, And it was discharged to the condenser (e.g., see Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-107856).

[0003]

However, in the conventional Stirling expander, a high output can be obtained while suppressing the consumption of the pressure gas to be injected, so that the overall efficiency is still improved. There was room for improvement.

[0004] In view of this situation, the main problems of the present invention are:
It is an object of the present invention to improve efficiency in terms of efficiency by adopting a rational device configuration in the Stirling expander.

[0005]

[1] In the invention according to the first aspect, a high temperature step of moving a working gas from a low temperature chamber to a high temperature chamber including a heater through a heat regenerator, and communicating with the heat regenerator. A volume increasing step of increasing the total volume of the low temperature chamber and the high temperature chamber; a low temperature step of moving a working gas from the high temperature chamber to the low temperature chamber through the heat regenerator; Two sets of Stirling mechanisms, one for the high-pressure stage and the other for the low-pressure stage, are provided to repeat the volume reduction step of reducing the total volume of the chambers in that order. When the high-pressure stage Stirling mechanism is in the vicinity of the transition from the volume decreasing step to the volume increasing step, the working gas is supplied to the low-temperature chamber of the high-pressure stage Stirling mechanism. When the high pressure stage Stirling mechanism is near the transition point from the volume increasing step to the volume decreasing step, a part of the internal pressure gas as the working gas from the low temperature chamber of the high pressure stage Stirling mechanism is injected. At the same time, the discharged pressure gas is injected as working gas into the low-temperature chamber of the low-pressure stage Stirling mechanism near the transition point from the volume reduction process to the volume increase process, and the low-temperature stage Stirling mechanism further increases the volume. A pressure gas supply / discharge means is provided for discharging a part of the internal pressure gas as the working gas from the low temperature chamber of the low pressure stage Stirling mechanism when near the transition point from the process to the volume reduction process.

In other words, in this configuration, when the high-pressure stage Stirling mechanism is near the transition point from the volume decreasing step to the volume increasing step, a pressure gas (eg, steam) as a working gas is injected into the low-temperature chamber of the high-pressure stage Stirling mechanism. Then, when the high-pressure stage Stirling mechanism is near the transition point from the volume increasing step to the volume decreasing step, by discharging a part of the internal pressure gas as the working gas from the low-temperature chamber of the high-pressure stage Stirling mechanism. In the high-pressure stage Stirling mechanism, as in the conventional Stirling expander, the combined cycle having the upper half of the Stirling cycle at the upper part and the lower half of the Rankine cycle at the lower part is efficiently executed. Generate power.

In the low pressure stage Stirling mechanism, when the high pressure stage Stirling mechanism is near the transition point from the volume increasing step to the volume decreasing step, the transition from the volume decreasing step to the volume increasing step is caused by a half cycle phase difference. The internal pressure gas discharged from the low-temperature chamber of the high-pressure stage Stirling mechanism (ie, the pressure gas after being heated and expanded by the high-pressure stage Stirling mechanism) is injected into the low-temperature chamber of the low-pressure stage Stirling mechanism near the time point as a working gas, Subsequently, when the low pressure stage Stirling mechanism is near the transition point from the volume increasing process to the volume decreasing process, a part of the internal pressure gas as the working gas is discharged from the low temperature chamber of the low pressure stage Stirling mechanism to increase the high pressure. The high-pressure stirrer is formed by heating and expanding the exhaust gas discharged from the stirling mechanism again in the low-pressure Stirling mechanism. In parallel with the execution of the above-described combined cycle in the ring mechanism, the combined cycle having the upper half of the Stirling cycle at the top and the lower half of the Rankine cycle at the bottom is also used in the low-pressure stage Stirling mechanism. It runs at a lower pressure level than the Stirling mechanism to efficiently generate power.

In other words, the pressure gas discharged from the high pressure stage Stirling mechanism is heated and expanded again in the low pressure stage Stirling mechanism, and the Stirling cycle and the Rankine cycle in each of the high pressure stage Stirling mechanism and the low pressure stage Stirling mechanism. By executing the combined cycle, compared with the conventional Stirling expander, the injected pressure gas is discharged to the atmosphere or to the condenser simply by heating and expanding with a single-stage Stirling mechanism.
In addition, the pressure gas just heated and expanded by the one-stage Stirling mechanism increases the effective utilization of the pressure gas to be injected, as compared with simply performing expansion work with another piston cylinder (that is, simply executing a Rankine cycle). In this state, a higher output can be obtained as a whole, in other words, a higher output can be obtained while suppressing the consumption of the injection pressure gas, and the overall efficiency can be effectively increased.

In the one-stage Stirling mechanism, the pressure of the pressure gas to be injected is 0.3 MPa (about 2 gauge pressure).
It operates relatively efficiently up to about (atmospheric pressure), but when a higher pressure gas is injected, the internal pressure gas discharged from the Stirling mechanism also becomes higher in pressure and the overall efficiency tends to decrease. According to the above configuration,
A Stirling expander which is particularly effective when such a high pressure gas is used as the injection pressure gas can be obtained.

In carrying out the invention according to claim 1, the present invention is limited to an embodiment in which only two sets of Stirling mechanisms are provided, one of which is a high-pressure stage Stirling mechanism and the other is a low-pressure stage Stirling mechanism. Instead, three or more sets of Stirling mechanisms are provided. Regarding the first and second Stirling mechanisms, the first Stirling mechanism is a high-pressure Stirling mechanism and the second Stirling mechanism is a low-pressure Stirling mechanism. As for the third Stirling mechanism, the second Stirling mechanism is a high pressure stage Stirling mechanism and the third Stirling mechanism is a low pressure stage Stirling mechanism.
An embodiment may be adopted in which three or more sets of Stirling mechanisms sequentially use the injection pressure gas.

[2] According to the invention according to claim 2, claim 1
In the implementation of the invention according to, the pressure gas supply and discharge means,
A part of the pressure gas discharged from the low-temperature chamber of the low-pressure stage Stirling mechanism is sucked by the injector along with the pressure gas injection into the low-temperature chamber of the high-pressure stage Stirling mechanism,
The high pressure stage Stirling mechanism is re-injected into the low temperature chamber together with the injection pressure gas.

That is, according to this configuration, the pressure gas discharged from the high pressure stage Stirling mechanism is heated and expanded again in the low pressure stage Stirling mechanism as described above.
In performing the combined cycle in parallel with each of the high-pressure stage Stirling mechanism and the low-pressure stage Stirling mechanism, the pressure gas discharged from the low-temperature chamber of the low-pressure stage Stirling mechanism (that is, heat expansion by the high-pressure stage Stirling mechanism,
Subsequently, a part of the pressure gas reheated and expanded by the low-pressure stage Stirling mechanism) is re-injected into the low-temperature chamber of the high-pressure stage Stirling mechanism together with a new injection pressure gas for the low-temperature chamber of the high-pressure stage Stirling mechanism. Since the remaining energy is further utilized, the effective utilization of the injection pressure gas can be further increased, and the consumption of the injection pressure gas can be further reduced accordingly.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, a part of the pressure gas discharged from the low-temperature chamber of the low-pressure stage Stirling mechanism is re-injected into the low-temperature chamber of the high-pressure stage Stirling mechanism together with a new injection pressure gas. By doing so, the consumption of the injection pressure gas is reduced, so that it is particularly effective when the pressure of the pressure gas newly injected into the low-temperature chamber of the high-pressure Stirling mechanism is sufficiently high (for example, 0.5 MPa or more). Becomes

[3] According to the third aspect of the present invention, the first aspect
Or, in the implementation of the invention according to 2, the valve body housed in one valve case is operated in synchronization with the high-pressure stage and low-pressure stage Stirling mechanism, and the high-pressure stage Stirling mechanism shifts from the volume reduction step to the volume increase step. The pressure gas introduction path is communicated to the low-temperature chamber of the high-pressure stage Stirling mechanism when near the time point, and the low-pressure stage Stirling mechanism when the low-pressure stage Stirling mechanism is near the transition point from the volume increasing step to the volume decreasing step. A periodic operation valve for communicating a pressure gas discharge path to the low temperature chamber is provided in the pressure gas supply / discharge means, and the high pressure stage Stirling mechanism is provided near the transition point from the volume increasing step to the volume decreasing step by the high pressure stage Stirling mechanism. At one time, the low-temperature chamber of the high-pressure stage Stirling mechanism and the low-pressure stage Stirling mechanism through an internal communication passage formed in the valve body or the valve case. To configure for communicating with the cold room.

In other words, according to this configuration, when the high-pressure stage Stirling mechanism is near the transition point from the volume increasing step to the volume decreasing step, the internal connection formed in the valve element or the valve case of the above-mentioned cyclically operated valve. By communicating the low-temperature chambers of both Stirling mechanisms through the passage, the internal pressure gas discharged from the low-temperature chamber of the high-pressure Stirling mechanism flows into the low-pressure chamber of the low-pressure Stirling mechanism as working gas. By separately providing an external conduit for allowing the low-temperature chambers of both Stirling mechanisms to communicate with each other by this external conduit, the internal pressure gas discharged from the low-temperature chamber of the high-pressure stage Stirling mechanism can be cooled by the low-pressure stage Stirling mechanism. Compared to adopting a structure that flows into the room, external equipment is not required, simplifying the device structure and making it more compact. It is possible.

[4] In the invention according to claim 4, a high temperature step of moving a working gas from a low temperature chamber to a high temperature chamber including a heater through a heat regenerator, and the low temperature chamber communicating with the low temperature chamber through the heat regenerator. A volume increasing step of increasing the total volume of the high-temperature chamber, a low-temperature step of moving working gas from the high-temperature chamber to the low-temperature chamber through the heat regenerator, and a total volume of the low-temperature chamber and the high-temperature chamber A volume reduction step of reducing the volume, a Stirling mechanism is provided to repeat in that order, and when this Stirling mechanism is near the transition point from the volume reduction step to the volume increase step, a pressure gas as a working gas is injected into the low-temperature chamber, And a pressure gas supply / discharge means for discharging a part of the internal pressure gas as the working gas from the low temperature chamber when near the transition point from the volume increasing step to the volume decreasing step. To the hot chamber when-ring mechanism is in the vicinity of transition point to volume increase steps from volume reduction step,
Liquid injection means is provided for ejecting and supplying a liquid to be heated and evaporated in the high-temperature chamber.

That is, in this configuration, similarly to the conventional Stirling expander, when the Stirling mechanism is near the transition point from the volume decreasing step to the volume increasing step, the pressurized gas (eg, Steam) and discharging a part of the internal pressure gas as the working gas from the low-temperature chamber when the Stirling mechanism is near the transition point from the volume increasing step to the volume decreasing step. A combined cycle having the upper half of the Stirling cycle at the top and the lower half of the Rankine cycle at the bottom is executed to efficiently generate power.

In this combined cycle, when the Stirling mechanism is near the point of transition from the volume decreasing step to the volume increasing step, the liquid injection means jets and supplies the liquid to the high temperature chamber, and supplies the liquid. Is heated and evaporated in a high-temperature chamber, whereby the working gas pressure inside the Stirling mechanism is effectively increased as compared with only the pressure increase due to the heating of the injection pressure gas.

That is, the pressure gas is injected as in the conventional Stirling expander by effectively increasing the internal working gas pressure by heating the injection pressure gas and heating and evaporating the liquid jetted and supplied to the high temperature chamber. As compared to the case of simply performing the same operation, the consumption of the injection pressure gas required to obtain the same output can be effectively reduced, in other words, a high output can be obtained while suppressing the consumption of the injection pressure gas. Efficiency can be effectively increased.

In carrying out the invention according to claims 1 to 3, one or both of the high-pressure stage Stirling mechanism and the low-pressure stage Stirling mechanism are additionally equipped with the liquid injection means. By adopting an apparatus configuration that implements the invention according to the fourth aspect, the intended purpose of obtaining a high output while suppressing the consumption of the injection pressure gas can be more effectively achieved.

[0021]

FIG. 1 shows a Stirling expander equipped with two sets of parallel two-cylinder gamma-type Stirling mechanisms 11, 11 'of the same structure for a high-pressure stage and a low-pressure stage. At 11 ',
1, 1 'is a power cylinder containing power pistons 4, 4', 2, 2 'is a bottom-closed displacer cylinder containing displacer pistons 6, 6', 3,
Reference numeral 3 'denotes a heater, and the piston tip side chambers of the power cylinders 1 and 1' and the displacer cylinders 2 and 2 'communicate with each other through the heaters 3 and 3' as a series of high temperature chambers H and H '. In the high-temperature chambers H and H ', the heaters 3 and 3' heat the working gases G and G 'passing through their internal passages by the accompanying burners 10, 10'.

The piston base end side chambers of the displacer cylinders 2 and 2 'are low temperature chambers C and C' and communicate with the high temperature chambers H and H 'through internal communication passages formed in the displacer pistons 6 and 6'. In addition, heat regenerators 5, 5 'made of a gas-permeable heat storage material-filled layer are provided in the internal communication passages formed in the displacer pistons 6, 6'.

7, 7 'are cranks, 8a, 8a' are connecting rods for power pistons, 8b, 8b 'are connecting rods for displacer pistons,
Reference numeral 9 'denotes a crankpin, and 12 denotes a main shaft provided with both cranks 7, 7'.
And the low-pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11 ′ has a structure in which the displacer pistons 6, 6 ′ have a predetermined phase difference (for example, 70 °
(A phase difference of a degree), the arrangement relation of the respective parts is set so as to perform the preceding operation (leading phase), whereby each of the Stirling mechanisms 11, 11 ′ transfers the working gas G, G ′ to the heat regenerator 5, 5.
5 'to move from the low temperature chambers C and C' to the high temperature chambers H and H 'having the heaters 3 and 3', and the low temperature chambers C and C 'communicating with the heat regenerators 5 and 5' and the high temperature chamber. Room H,
A volume increasing step of increasing the total chamber volume with H '(the volume of the entire working gas space including the internal passages of the heaters 3 and 3'), and increasing the temperature of the working gases G and G 'through the heat regenerators 5 and 5' Room H,
The step of lowering the temperature from H 'to the low temperature chambers C and C' and the step of reducing the volume of all the low temperature chambers C and C 'and the high temperature chambers H and H' are repeated in this order.

Further, both Stirling mechanisms 11, 11 '
Is arranged so that each of the crank pins 9, 9 'is displaced by 180.degree. So that they operate with a phase difference of half a cycle from each other, whereby the high pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11 increases the volume from the volume decreasing step. At the time of transition to the process (ie, at the time of top dead center in the high-pressure stage power piston 4 in this example), the low-pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11 ′ conversely transitions from the volume increasing process to the volume decreasing process (this example). At the time of the bottom dead center of the low-pressure stage power piston 4 ′, the high-pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11 shifts from the volume increasing process to the volume decreasing process (at the bottom dead center of the high-pressure stage power piston 4 in this example). At a certain time, the low-pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11 ′ is shifted to the point of time from the volume reduction step to the volume increase step (in this example, the top dead center point of the low-pressure side power piston 4 ′). And Aru.

Reference numeral 13 denotes an output generator. The output generator 13 is driven to rotate at a constant speed with the main shaft 12 in conjunction with a constant speed chain transmission mechanism 14.
Reference numeral 16 denotes a rotary valve for supplying and discharging steam. The rotor 17 of the rotary valve 16 has a chain wheel 15 connected thereto, a chain wheel 20 attached to an extension shaft 19 of the output generator 13, and both chain wheels 15, 20
The main shaft 12 is rotated at a constant speed by a constant speed chain transmission mechanism composed of a chain 18 extending over the main shaft 12.

Reference numeral 21 denotes a steam supply source such as a boiler, and 22 denotes a high-pressure steam S (for example, 0.5 to
Steam introduction pipes for introducing saturated steam (1.5 MPa) into the rotary valve 16;
11 'is a steam inlet / outlet pipe connecting the low temperature chambers C, C' and the rotary valve 16, and 24 is steam S 'discharged from the rotary valve 16.
Is a steam discharge pipe.

FIG. 2 shows a horizontal sectional structure of the rotary valve 16, and FIGS.
3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, 3D, 3D, 3D, 3D, 3D, 3D, 3D, 3D, 3D, 3D, 3D, 3D, 3D, 3D, 3D, 3D, 3D, 3D, 3D, 3D, 3D, 3D, 3D, 3D, 3D, 3D, and 4D show the cross-sectional structure of FIG. FIG. 3B shows a cross-sectional structure, and FIG.
2 and FIG. 3 show cross-sectional structures viewed from the right side of FIG.
As shown in the figure, the rotor 17 as a valve body provided in the valve case 16a of the rotary valve 16 has annular grooves 25, 26 on the introduction side and the discharge side which are always in communication with the steam introduction pipe 22 and the steam discharge pipe 24, respectively. And each extends in the direction of the axis of rotation of the rotor from the annular grooves 25, 26 to positions corresponding to the steam inlet / outlet pipes 23, 23 'on the high-pressure stage side and the low-pressure stage side at substantially the same phase position in the rotor rotation direction. Transverse grooves 27 and 28 (in this example, lateral grooves having different groove widths) are formed on the introduction side and the discharge side, and thereby the rotor 17 is formed.
Is rotated by 180 ° from the state shown in FIG. 2, the supply steam S from the steam introduction pipe 22 is
5. Introducing lateral groove 27 and high pressure stage side steam inlet / outlet pipe 23
The working gas G is injected into the low temperature chamber C of the high pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11 as a working gas, and a part of the internal steam S ″ as the working gas G ′ from the low temperature chamber C ′ of the low pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11 ′ (with respect to the injection amount) The amount of internal steam corresponding to the mass) is the steam inlet / outlet pipe 23 ′ on the low pressure stage side,
8, and is discharged to the steam discharge pipe 24 through the discharge side annular groove 26.

The rotor 17 has a center path 29 formed in the center axis thereof, and the lateral grooves 27, 2
The center path 29 is located at the same phase position shifted by approximately 180 ° in the rotor rotation direction and at positions respectively corresponding to the steam inlet / outlet pipes 23 and 23 ′ on the high pressure stage side and the low pressure stage side in the rotor rotation axis direction. Discharge and inlet side holes 30 communicating with the
When the rotor 17 is in the state shown in FIG. 2, a part of the internal steam S ′ as the working gas G from the low temperature chamber C of the high pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11 Is discharged to the steam inlet / outlet pipe 23 on the high pressure stage side, and the discharged steam S ′ is discharged to the discharge side hole 30, the center path 29, the introduction side hole 31, and the low pressure stage side. The working gas G 'is injected into the low temperature chamber C' of the low pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11 'through the steam inlet / outlet pipe 23'.

In FIG. 4, O denotes a high-pressure side rotating circle showing the timing relationship between the operation of the high-pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11 and the supply and discharge of steam by the rotary valve 16, and O 'denotes the operation of the low-pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11' and the rotary operation. This is a rotary circle on the low-pressure stage side showing the timing relationship with steam supply and discharge by the valve 16, in each of the rotary circles O and O ', the upper end indicates the top dead center point of each of the power pistons 4 and 4', and the lower end indicates each The bottom dead center of the power pistons 4, 4 'is shown.

When the power piston 4 of the high-pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11 is near the top dead center (ie, near the point of transition from the volume decreasing step to the volume increasing step), the rotor 17 of the rotary valve 16 operates. The main shaft 12 is rotated at a constant speed in relation to the timing of injecting the supply steam S from the steam supply source 21 into the low temperature chamber C. Specifically, in the rotation circle O on the high pressure stage side shown in FIG. , The period from point 32 to point 33, the rotary valve 16
Is connected to the steam inlet / outlet pipe 23 on the high pressure stage side, so that the supply steam S from the steam supply source 21 is injected into the low temperature chamber C of the high pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11.

Points 34 to 3 on the rotating circle O on the high pressure stage side
Point 3 in the period of 5 and the rotating circle O 'on the low pressure stage side
During the period from 4 'to 35', the discharge side hole 30 of the rotary valve 16 communicates with the high-pressure stage side steam inlet / outlet pipe 23, and the introduction side side hole 31 communicates with the low pressure stage side steam inlet / outlet. This is the same period of communication with the tube 23 ',
5 (34 'to 35'), the high pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11
The internal steam S 'is discharged from the low temperature chamber C of the low pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11' through the center path 29 formed in the rotor 17.

The point 3 on the rotating circle O 'on the low pressure stage side
The period from the point 6 to the point 37 is a period during which the discharge side lateral groove 28 of the rotary valve 16 communicates with the steam inlet / outlet pipe 23 ′ on the low pressure stage side. The internal steam S ″ is discharged from the chamber C ′ to the steam discharge pipe 24.

That is, in this embodiment, when the high-pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11 is near the transition point from the volume decreasing step to the volume increasing step (near the top dead center of the power piston 4), the steam supply source 21 and the rotary valve 16 Steam S is injected as a pressure gas into the low-temperature chamber C of the high-pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11, and the high-pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11 moves near the transition from the volume increasing step to the volume decreasing step (the power piston 4).
Near the bottom dead center), the high pressure stage Stirling mechanism 1
A part of the steam S 'as the internal pressure gas is discharged from the low-temperature chamber C and the discharged steam S' is discharged near the transition point from the volume decreasing step to the volume increasing step (on the power piston 4 '). The low-pressure Stirling mechanism 11 'is injected into the low-temperature chamber C' of the low-pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11 '(near the dead center). (In the vicinity of the point), constitutes a pressure gas supply / discharge means for discharging a part of the steam S ″ as the internal pressure gas from the low temperature chamber C ′ of the low pressure stage Stirling mechanism ′.

In the pressure gas supply / discharge means, the rotary valve 16 comprises a valve body 17 housed in one valve case 16a and a high-pressure stage and low-pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11,1.
When the high-pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11 is operated near the transition point from the volume decreasing step to the volume increasing step by operating in synchronization with 1 ′, steam is introduced into the low-temperature chamber C of the high-pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11 as a pressure gas introduction path. When the pipe 22 is communicated and the low pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11 'is near the point of transition from the volume increasing step to the volume decreasing step, steam as a pressure gas discharge path is supplied to the low temperature chamber C' of the low pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11 '. A periodic valve that connects the discharge pipe 24 is configured. The rotary valve 16 as the periodic valve is
When the high-pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11 is near the transition point from the volume increasing step to the volume decreasing step, the internal communication passages formed in the valve body 17 (the center path 29, the discharge side hole 30, the introduction side hole 31). The low-temperature chamber C of the high-pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11 communicates with the low-temperature chamber C 'of the low-pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11'.

FIG. 5 is a pV diagram showing an execution cycle of the Stirling expander configured as described above. In FIG. 5, Po denotes the pressure of the steam S supplied from the steam supply source 21 (that is, the high pressure). V1 and V2 are the moving volumes of the power pistons 4 and 4 'in the high-pressure stage and the low-pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11 and 11', respectively (that is, all the chambers in each of the Stirling mechanisms 11 and 11 '). Volume change range)
Points 32 to 37 correspond to the timing points shown in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 5, in the Stirling expander of this embodiment, the high-pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11
Starts from the point 32, the supply steam S from the steam supply source 21 is injected between the points 32 and 33, and subsequently, the heating steam S by the heat regenerator 5 and the heater 3 heats the injected steam S to form a Stirling cycle. Proceed to the right through the swelling part 38
4 and the internal vapor S ′ is discharged at the point 34 to lower the internal pressure to the state at the point 35,
After that, self-compression by the power piston 4 (negative work)
To execute the high-pressure stage side cycle X returning to the point 32 (ie, a combined cycle having the upper half of the Stirling cycle at the top and the lower half of the Rankine cycle at the bottom).

The low-pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11 ′
Starting from the point 34 ', the steam S' discharged from the high pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11 is injected between the points 34 'and 35',
Following this, the heating of the injected steam S 'by the heat regenerator 5' and the heater 3 'advances the portion 39 expanding in a Stirling cycle rightward to the point 36, where the internal steam S "is discharged. , The internal pressure is reduced to the minimum pressure Pa, and then at point 37 the steam inlet / outlet pipe 2 on the low pressure stage side
After 3 'is closed, the low pressure stage side cycle Y (i.e., having the upper half of the Stirling cycle at the top, returning to point 34' through a slight self-compression (negative work) process by the power piston 4 ', In addition, a combined cycle similar to the high pressure stage having the lower half of the Rankine cycle at the lower portion) is executed at a pressure level lower than that of the high pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11.

That is, the steam S 'discharged from the high-pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11 is supplied to the low-pressure stage Stirling mechanism 1 as described above.
At the same time as the above-described combined cycle X in the high-pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11 in the form of heating and expanding again at 1 ', the same combined cycle Y as that of the high-pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11 is executed in the low-pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11'. By doing so, a high output can be obtained while keeping the consumption of the injected steam S low.

As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG.
Is supplied to the rotary valve 16 through the valve 40, the nozzle 41, the injector 42, and the diffuser 43, and a part of the steam S ″ pulsatingly discharged from the steam discharge pipe 24 is When the pressure is high due to the pulsation, the connecting pipe 4 overcomes the closing urging force of the check valve 44 and
The steam S ″ discharged from the low-temperature chamber C ′ of the low-pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11 ′ (that is, is heated and expanded by the high-pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11, Then, a part of the steam reheated and expanded by the low-pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11 ′ together with the new high-pressure steam S supplied from the steam supply source 21 is re-injected into the low-temperature chamber C of the high-pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11. The remaining energy is used more effectively.

That is, in the present embodiment, the above-mentioned pressure gas supply / discharge means for supplying / discharging steam to / from the low temperature chambers C and C 'of the high pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11 and the low pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11' is the same as the low pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11 '. A part of the steam S ″ discharged from the low-temperature chamber C ′ is sucked by the injector 42 with the injection of the steam into the low-temperature chamber C by the high-pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11, and together with the high-pressure steam S from the steam supply source 21, the high-pressure stage Stirling mechanism It is configured to re-inject into the low temperature chamber C of No. 11.

Reference numeral 45b denotes a discharge pipe for discharging the low-pressure portion of the steam S "discharged from the steam discharge pipe 24 that cannot pass through the check valve 44 to the outside.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 7, the piston tip side chambers of the displacer cylinders 2 and 2 'in each of the high pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11 and the low pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11' (that is, the heaters in the high temperature chambers H and H '). (Upstream positions of 3, 3 ') are provided with water jet nozzles 48, 48' for jetting high-pressure water W supplied from another high-pressure water source through high-pressure water pipes 46, 46 'into the room. Water pipes 46, 46 'have power pistons 4,
The solenoid valve which is opened by the controller for a predetermined time when 4 'is near the top dead center (that is, when each Stirling mechanism 11, 11' is near the transition point from the volume decreasing step to the volume increasing step). 47, 47 'are interposed.

That is, when each of the power pistons 4, 4 'is near the top dead center, a small amount of water W is discharged from the water jet nozzles 48, 48' by opening the solenoid valves 47, 47 '. ′ By jetting it into the piston tip side chamber and heating and evaporating the supply water W in each of the high-temperature chambers H and H ′, so that each of the Stirling mechanisms 11 can be compared with the pressure increase caused only by the heating of the injected steam S and S ′. , 11 ', so that a high output can be obtained while the consumption of the injected steam S is further reduced.

As shown in FIG. 8, the water jet nozzles 48, 4
8 'is provided with a swirler 50 for imparting a swiveling force to the high-pressure water W guided by a plurality of inclined grooves 49.
The water W having passed through the nozzles 0 rotates in the swirl chamber 51 in the nozzle, and is ejected from the nozzle outlet hole 52 while maintaining the rotation, so that the piston tip side chambers of the displacer cylinders 2 and 2 ′ to which the water W is ejected. At a time, an umbrella-shaped open water spray state 53 consisting of fine water droplets is exhibited, and these fine water droplets pass through the heaters 3, 3 'together with the injected steams S, S' as working gases G, G '. By the contact with the heated high-temperature steam S, S ', the film is evaporated and vaporized in a film boiling state.

That is, in the present embodiment, the high-pressure water pipes 46, 46 ', the solenoid valves 47, 47', and the water spray nozzles 48, 48 'are arranged such that the Stirling mechanisms 11, 11' increase the volume from the volume decreasing step. A liquid injecting means is provided for ejecting and supplying a liquid (in this example, water W) to be heated and evaporated in each of the high-temperature chambers H and H 'when it is near the transition point to the process.

If the amount of water W to be spouted is excessive,
Since the pressure and temperature of the working gas inside each of the Stirling mechanisms 11 and 11 'is rather lowered, the amount of water W to be jetted and supplied is preferably 20% or less of the amount of steam supplied from the steam supply source 21.

[Another Embodiment] Next, another embodiment will be described. In the above-described embodiment, an example in which steam S is used as the injection pressure gas has been described. However, the injection pressure gas is not limited to the steam S, and various other gases such as high-pressure air can be applied.

In the above embodiment, the rotor 17 of the rotary valve 16 is connected to the high-pressure and low-pressure Stirling mechanisms 11, 1
1 ', the supply and discharge of the pressure gas (steam S) to and from the low-temperature chambers C and C' of the Stirling mechanisms 11 and 11 'are performed at a predetermined timing. Electronic control of the supply and discharge of the pressure gas to and from the low-temperature chambers C and C 'of the Stirling mechanisms 11 and 11' using various types of valves (control such as so-called electronic injection control).
It may be performed at a predetermined timing by, for example,
Further, the high-pressure stage and the low-pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11, 11 '
However, any of a type using a separate valve or a type using a dual-purpose valve may be adopted, and the specific configuration of the pressure gas supply / discharge means can be variously changed.

In the above-described embodiment, when the high-pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11 is near the transition from the volume increasing step to the volume decreasing step, the internal communication passage 29 formed in the rotor 17 as the valve body of the rotary valve 16 is formed. , 30,31
The low-temperature chamber C of the high-pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11 and the low-temperature chamber C 'of the low-pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11' are communicated with each other through the high pressure stage and the low pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11 '. When the high pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11 is operated near the point of transition from the volume decreasing step to the volume increasing step, the pressure gas introduction path 2 is introduced to the low temperature chamber C of the high pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11.
2, and when the low pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11 'is near the transition from the volume increasing step to the volume decreasing step, the pressure gas discharge path 24 is communicated to the low temperature chamber C' of the low pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11 '. In the case of using a cyclically operated valve, the cyclically operated valve is not limited to a rotary valve, and may be, for example, a type using a sliding spool or a type using a ball valve element.

When such a cyclically operated valve is used, when the high pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11 is near the transition from the volume increasing step to the volume decreasing step, the high pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11 is passed through the internal communication passage of the valve. When the low-temperature chamber C is communicated with the low-temperature chamber C 'of the low-pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11', the internal communication passage is formed in only one of the valve body and the valve case, or is formed in both. It may be any of those formed by forming.

When the high pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11 is near the transition point from the volume decreasing step to the volume increasing step, specific injection timing for injecting the pressure gas into the low temperature chamber C of the high pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11, the high pressure stage Stirling mechanism When 11 is near the transition point from the volume increasing step to the volume decreasing step, the internal pressure gas is discharged from the low temperature chamber C of the high pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11 and the discharged pressure gas is discharged to the low temperature chamber C of the low pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11 '. When the low-pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11 'is near the transition point from the volume increasing step to the volume decreasing step, the low-pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11' is internally discharged from the low temperature chamber C '. The specific discharge timing for discharging the pressure gas is also shown in the above-described embodiment. Is not limited to timing, various modifications are possible ranging operation is possible as a Stirling expander.

When the Stirling mechanisms 11 and 11 'are near the transition point from the volume decreasing step to the volume increasing step, the liquid is injected and supplied to the high temperature chambers H and H' by the liquid injection means.
In the case of employing a method in which the ejected liquid is heated and evaporated in the high-temperature chambers H and H ', the ejected liquid is not limited to water, and various liquids including various aqueous solutions can be applied.

High-pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11 and low-pressure stage Stirling mechanism 1 operated with a half-period phase difference
Regarding each of 1 ′, the specific structure of the high-temperature chambers H and H and the low-temperature chambers C and C ′, and the specific structures of the heaters 3 and 3 ′ provided in the high-temperature chambers H and H ′ are various. In addition, in order to make the high temperature chambers H, H 'and the low temperature chambers C, C' communicate with each other through the heat regenerators 5, 5 ', an internal connection provided with the heat regenerators 5, 5' is also possible. Instead of forming the passages in the displacer pistons 6, 6 ', fixed conduits for communicating the high temperature chambers H, H' and the low temperature chambers C, C 'are provided, and the heat regenerators 5, 5' are provided in the fixed conduits. You may make it interpose.

Heaters 3, 3 'provided in high temperature chambers H, H'
Various types of heat sources, such as a fuel heat source, an electric heat source, or a heat source utilizing solar heat, or exhaust heat from other devices or equipment, are used as heat sources for steam generation and steam when using as injection pressure gas. it can. The power generated by the Stirling expander according to the present invention can be used for various purposes such as power generation and driving of a refrigerator.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the overall configuration of an apparatus.

FIG. 2 is a horizontal sectional view of a rotary valve.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of each part of the rotary valve.

FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the timing relationship of pressure gas supply and discharge by a rotary valve.

FIG. 5 is a pV diagram showing an execution cycle.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a structure for introducing a pressure gas into a rotary valve.

FIG. 7 is a sectional view showing a liquid injection unit.

FIG. 8 is an enlarged sectional view showing a nozzle structure.

[Explanation of symbols]

3, 3 'heater 5, 5' heat regenerator 11 high pressure stage Stirling mechanism 11 'low pressure stage Stirling mechanism 21, 16 pressure gas supply / discharge means 16 periodic valve 16a valve case 17 valve body 22 pressure gas introduction path 24 pressure gas Discharge paths 29, 30, 31 Internal communication paths 42 Injectors 46, 47, 48 Liquid injection means 46 ', 47', 48 'Liquid injection means C, C' Low temperature chamber G, G 'Working gas H, H' High temperature chamber S Pressure gas S 'Discharge pressure gas from high pressure stage Stirling mechanism S "Discharge pressure gas from low pressure stage Stirling mechanism W Liquid

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (71) Applicant 591255689 Kashiyama Industry Co., Ltd. 1-332 Koenji Minami, Suginami-ku, Tokyo (72) Inventor Sumio Yagyu 1-1-1 Hama, Amagasaki-shi, Hyogo Kubota Corporation Inside the Technology Development Laboratory (72) Inventor Shoji Isshiki 2-29-6 Kyodo, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo (72) Inventor Seita 2-29-6 Kyodo, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo (72) Inventor Hiroshi Kojima Yamagata 6-7 Uehonmachi, Sakata City Maeda Pipe Works Co., Ltd.

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A high-temperature step of moving a working gas from a low-temperature chamber through a heat regenerator to a high-temperature chamber having a heater, and increasing the total volume of the low-temperature chamber and the high-temperature chamber communicating with each other through the heat regenerator. Volume increasing step, a low temperature step of moving the working gas from the high temperature chamber to the low temperature chamber through the heat regenerator, and a volume reduction step of reducing the total volume of the low temperature chamber and the high temperature chamber, Two sets of Stirling mechanisms, one for the high pressure stage and one for the low pressure stage, which are repeated in that order, are provided so that the high-pressure stage Stirling mechanism and the low-pressure stage Stirling mechanism are operated with a phase difference of half a cycle from each other. When a pressure gas as a working gas is injected into the low-temperature chamber of the high-pressure stage Stirling mechanism, When the operating mechanism is near the transition from the volume increasing step to the volume reducing step, a part of the internal pressure gas as the working gas is discharged from the low-temperature chamber of the high-pressure stage Stirling mechanism, and the discharged pressure gas is discharged. When the working gas is injected into the low-temperature chamber of the low-pressure stage Stirling mechanism near the transition point from the volume decreasing step to the volume increasing step, and the low-temperature stage Stirling mechanism is near the transition point from the volume increasing step to the volume decreasing step. A Stirling expander provided with a pressure gas supply / discharge means for discharging a part of the internal pressure gas as the working gas from the low temperature chamber of the low pressure stage Stirling mechanism. 2. The pressure gas supply / discharge unit according to claim 1, wherein a part of the pressure gas discharged from the low-temperature chamber of the low-pressure stage Stirling mechanism is sucked by an injector along with injection of the pressure gas into the low-temperature chamber of the high-pressure stage Stirling mechanism. ,
The Stirling expander according to claim 1, wherein the Stirling expander is configured to re-inject into the low-temperature chamber of the high-pressure stage Stirling mechanism together with the injection pressure gas. 3. The high pressure stage and the low pressure stage Stirling mechanism are operated in synchronism with the high pressure stage and the low pressure stage Stirling mechanism, and the high pressure stage Stirling mechanism is near the transition point from the volume reduction step to the volume increase step. When a high-pressure stage Stirling mechanism to communicate a pressure gas introduction path to the low-temperature chamber, and,
When the low pressure stage Stirling mechanism is near the transition point from the volume increasing step to the volume decreasing step, the pressure gas supply / discharge means is provided with a cyclically operating valve for communicating a pressure gas discharge path to the low temperature chamber of the low pressure stage Stirling mechanism. When the high-pressure stage Stirling mechanism is near the transition point from the volume increasing step to the volume decreasing step, the periodic operation valve is connected to the high-pressure stage Stirling mechanism through the internal communication passage formed in the valve body or the valve case. The Stirling expander according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the low-temperature chamber and the low-pressure chamber of the low-pressure stage Stirling mechanism are connected to each other. 4. A high temperature step of moving a working gas from a low temperature chamber to a high temperature chamber having a heater through a heat regenerator, and increasing the total volume of the low temperature chamber and the high temperature chamber communicating with each other through the heat regenerator. Volume increasing step, a low temperature step of moving the working gas from the high temperature chamber to the low temperature chamber through the heat regenerator, and a volume reduction step of reducing the total volume of the low temperature chamber and the high temperature chamber, A Stirling mechanism that repeats in that order is provided. When the Stirling mechanism is near the transition point from the volume decreasing step to the volume increasing step, a pressure gas as a working gas is injected into the low-temperature chamber, and the volume increasing step to the volume decreasing step. A pressure gas supply / discharge means for discharging a part of the internal pressure gas as the working gas from the low temperature chamber when near the transition point to Wherein the high-temperature chamber, Stirling expander that is a liquid for heating evaporated in the high temperature compartment is provided jetting supplied liquid injection means when in the vicinity of the transition point to Luo volume increasing step.