JP2001173074A - Surface water cleaning apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a surface water cleaning apparatus having a structure and a mechanism suitable for implementation in the industry by efficiently cleaning surface water and a surface water cleaning apparatus adapted to clean surface water and recover the same in the ground to the optimum depth. SOLUTION: This surface water cleaning apparatus has such a structure that a filler formed by an aggregate of coral limestone particles having a calcium carbonate content of 60 wt.% (unit weight reference of coral limestone) or more or an aggregate of mineral particles containing the coral limestone particles is stored in a water permeable material and mounted in the interior of a housing, and surface water flows in the housing to be cleaned by the filler and then flows out, and a means for allowing the cleaned outflow surface water to permeate to a desired soil depth. This arrangement can facilitate replacement of the filler, easily cope with clogging, and clean surface water to easily remove fine contaminant. The clean surface water is released into soil to a desired depth to be recovered in the ground.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a surface water purifying apparatus for recovering surface water into the ground as chemically clean water.
Another aspect of the present invention relates to a surface water cleaning apparatus for converting surface water into clean water and infiltrating it into an optimal place in the ground.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Surface water generated on the ground surface is permeable pavement,
It is used as water resources by infiltrating into the ground through infiltration gutters, infiltration masu, road infiltration masu, and infiltration trenches, etc., and discharged into rivers. Most of surface water is derived from natural phenomena such as rainwater, snow melt, surface water, spring water, or underground rising water, and rainwater is frequently generated and generated in a large amount. Surface water is used as agricultural water, industrial water, domestic water, etc. in the process of flowing through the ground and rivers, and wastewater, etc. (wastewater, contaminated water, sewage and sludge, etc.)
And purified by physicochemical and biological treatments until the BOD value and other numerical values are below the reference values and released to rivers and the like. For physicochemical treatment of wastewater and wastewater, explosion, reduction, oxidation, neutralization, ion exchange, coagulation, adsorption, extraction, heating, sterilization, sedimentation, centrifugation, vibration, degassing, freezing, membrane separation, filtration, electricity Various treatment methods such as irradiation of ultraviolet light and the like have been proposed, and biological treatment of sewage and wastewater, aerobic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria,
Other methods for treating microorganisms, animals and plants, and the like have been proposed.

[0003] On the other hand, an apparatus for collecting surface water into the ground, which is industrially implemented, has a mechanism for separating surface contaminants by filtering surface water from a crushed stone layer, a gravel layer or a porous concrete layer. I just have it. Industrially implemented surface water recovery devices underground include permeable pavements, seepage gutters,
There are seepage masu, seepage trench, seepage pond, underground water tank and other seepage facilities. The permeate generally has a height (depth) of 50 to 100 cm and a diameter of 40 to 50 cm or a width of 30 to 40 cm.

Next, conventional permeable pavement, drainage pavement,
The infiltration gutter, the infiltration gutter and the infiltration trench will be described. FIG. 11 is an explanatory view of a conventional water-permeable pavement. In the permeable pavement, the pavement surface layer is formed into a permeable layer by an asphalt mixture, and the pavement surface layer is a crushed stone layer (upper subbase).
And a gravel layer (lower subgrade) underneath, and is laminated on the subgrade, and surface water permeates the lamination and diffuses into the subgrade. However, the water-permeable pavement is easily clogged by fine particles such as clay, sand or dust due to the structure of the pavement surface layer, and the water permeability is reduced or stopped in a short time. Drainage pavement uses surface gradient to allow surface water to flow from the road surface to the infiltration gutter or normal gutter, where it penetrates the surface water into the ground, and in the normal gutter, the surface water is guttered. Drain (measures) to infiltrate into the ground, or further discharge into rivers through trenches.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory view of a conventional penetration side groove. The infiltration-side ditch 100 has a gutter side surface 101 formed of porous concrete, and the outside thereof is filled with crushed stones 102 so that the surface water flowing into the infiltration-side ditch 100 can be filled with the surface water.
1, ... 101 is penetrated into the ground (see the arrow in FIG. 10). Some infiltration gutters have a structure in which surface water also penetrates into the ground from the bottom of the gutter (see the arrow in FIG. 8). The permeable pavement (see FIG. 11) and the infiltration gutter (see FIG. 10) are used as general-purpose means. However, depending on the soil structure, surface water that has penetrated into the ground stays in the roadbed for a long time and the strength of the roadbed is reduced. Causing degradation and instability,
Cracking and fracture of the pavement surface itself also occurs. The infiltration masu and the road infiltration masu (name according to the purpose of water collecting masu) are formed by porous concrete or perforated concrete (measures) and filled with crushed stone around the outside. The internal surface water is filtered through the porous concrete wall and the outer layer of crushed stone to penetrate into the ground. Infiltration and road infiltration Masu is easily clogged by clay, sand, dust and fallen leaves, etc., and stops penetration of surface water into the ground. Prevention of clogging caused by garbage is being attempted.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory view of a penetration trench,
The perforated concrete road pipe 90 is buried in the trench while being surrounded by the crushed stone layer 91, and when surface water flows out of the hole of the road pipe 90, it is filtered by the crushed stone layer 91 and permeated into the ground. Therefore, also in the infiltration trench, the crushed stone layer 91 is easily clogged and the contaminated surface water stays in the ground as it is.

[0007]

The conventional apparatus for collecting surface water into the ground has various problems typified by the following (a) to (g). (B) Conventional permeable pavement has a problem that the surface layer is easily clogged due to adhesion of clay, sand, dust, or the like, and it is difficult to clear the clogging and return to the original state. There is a problem that it is difficult to make a structure that does not cause clogging. (B) The conventional permeable pavement has problems that the construction cost is high and the construction must be limited to an area where clogging is unlikely to occur. (C) Conventional, infiltration, road infiltration, rainwater collection, etc. (hereinafter referred to as infiltration, etc.)
Dust, clay and earth and sand are frequently mixed into surface water,
There is a problem that the possibility of clogging is large. (D) Conventional osmosis has a problem that, due to its filtration function, it does not have the ability to purify chemically contaminated surface water (eg, acidified surface water). In addition, there is a problem that surface water chemically polluted is discharged into the ground by conventional infiltration. (E) Conventional permeation masu has a problem that it cannot improve the filtration performance of itself. (F) The conventional infiltration masu has a problem that it cannot be used in an area where surface water with large pollution is generated. (F) Conventional infiltration and the like have a problem that they cannot be used depending on the soil structure in places where the drainage is poor, since long-term retention of surface water occurs in the soil in places with poor drainage.
Therefore, the present inventors have made various studies for solving problems such as the conventional penetration masturbation theoretically and experimentally by the present inventors, and created the present invention.

According to the first invention, surface water can be physically and chemically cleaned, and the following (A)
It is an object of the present invention to provide a surface water purification unit having features such as (L) to (L). (A) The frequency of occurrence of clogging is reduced. (B) Even if clogging occurs, it can be easily and easily restored to the original state. (C) It is easy to remove inorganic and organic substances mixed in surface water. (D) It is easy to increase (particularly, remarkably) the filtration capacity. (E) It is easy to purify surface water that is chemically contaminated (especially, highly purified). (F) Neutralization of acidified surface water is easy. (G) It is easy to capture fine contaminants (for example, contaminants having a molecular level) mixed in surface water. (H) It can be used in areas where surface water with high pollution occurs. (I) The structure and shape of the water collecting tank are not restricted. (J) It can be manufactured at low cost. (K) Replacement is easy. (L) The recovery rate of surface water is improved.

The second invention provides a surface water purifying section which has the above-mentioned features (A) to (L) and further has the following features (a) to (b): With the goal. (A) It is characterized in that purified surface water can be discharged to a place suitable for diffusion in soil. That is, the surface water can be discharged into the ground without causing the accident that the surface water stays on the roadbed. (B) The surface water can be penetrated into the ground as clean water without staying in the soil.

[0010]

Means for Solving the Problems The first invention (claim 1)
The surface water purification apparatus according to the invention described in (1) has a calcium carbonate content of 60% by weight (based on the unit weight of coral limestone).
A filler consisting of an aggregate of the above coral limestone particles or an aggregate of inorganic particles including the coral limestone particles,
A surface water purifying device having a structure that is housed in a water-permeable material and is filled in a housing, wherein the housing has an inflow portion that allows surface water to flow in contact with the filler, and an inflow portion that contacts the filler. And a structure having an outflow portion for allowing surface water to flow out, and a structure that can be installed in the water discharge system of the water collecting tank.

The surface water purification apparatus according to the second aspect of the present invention (the invention according to claim 2) comprises: (1) an aggregate of coral limestone particles having a calcium carbonate content of 60% by weight (based on the unit weight of coral limestone); The filler consisting of the body or the aggregate consisting of the inorganic particles including coral limestone particles flows into the inflow section where the surface water that comes into contact with the internal filler flows in, and the surface water that comes into contact with the filler becomes external. A surface water purifying unit having a structure in which a housing having a shape having an outflow portion that flows out is housed and filled in a water-permeable material, and (2) surface water that can flow out from the surface water purifying unit and into the surface. And a conduit having a lead-out part for drawing water out into the ground, wherein the conduit is formed in a vessel having a length where the lead-out part is located in the ground.

[0012]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The first and second aspects of the present invention comprise the constitution of the above-mentioned invention, wherein the contamination peculiar to surface water is filled with a filler composed of an aggregate of coral limestone particles under specific conditions. It is based on the fact found in the present invention that it is cleaned by a filtration device having the specified structural characteristics. Hereinafter, the first and second embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to FIGS. In each drawing, the same reference numerals denote the same or equivalent components.

[First Invention] The first invention will be specifically described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6 are:
Although a preferred embodiment of the first invention, it is part of an illustration of various embodiments encompassed by the first invention.

" Overall Structure of Surface Water Purification Apparatus " The surface water purification apparatus according to the first aspect of the present invention comprises a housing filled with a filler (typically, an aggregate of limestone particles). FIG. 4 is an illustrative view of an embodiment of a housing (casing, cover) in which a filler is filled. In FIG. 1, a housing 1 comprises a cylindrical body 2 and an arc surface 3 integrally formed on the upper part thereof.
A filler is filled in the internal space (for example, the entire internal space). The cylindrical body 2 and the circular arc surface 3 are provided with regularly arranged holes 4,... 4 so that surface water flows into the housing 1 through the holes 4,. And flows out from the opening 5 at the lower part of the cylindrical body 2. The arc surface 3 is formed by increasing the number of holes 4,... 4 in the central portion 20 (see FIG. 2), increasing the surface water flowing down from the upper end of the filler layer into the layer, and By forming it on the surface, the strength against the water impact load is increased. The conditions (size, number, and arrangement) of the holes 4,... 4 in the arc surface 3 can be determined based on the relationship between the cleaning performance of the filler layer, the degree of contamination of surface water, and the like.

The holes 4,... 4 of the arcuate surface 3 may be identical in shape and size to the holes 4,. It is also possible. The height of the cylindrical body 2 can be determined from the relationship with the situation when the housing is used (for example, use in a submerged state) and the like, and its cross section is the housing 1.
It can be determined from the uniformity of surface water inflow to the sea. From the viewpoint of the uniformity of surface water inflow, it is appropriate to use a cylindrical section. The holes 4,... 4 of the cylindrical body 2 are arranged in a regular array so as to uniformly flow into the inside from the cylindrical body 2, and the region where the holes 4,. By providing the central part 6 and the lower part 7 in the height direction of the part 2, the cleaning ability of the filler is increased. The space in the lower part 7 of the cylindrical body part 2 is effective for fitting the lower part of the housing 1 into a receiving part inside the water collecting tank by a sleeve or the like.

The cylindrical body 2 and the arcuate surface 3 are examples of the “housing inflow portion” of the present invention.
Is an example of the “outflow portion of the housing” of the present invention.
The “inflow portion of the housing” of the present invention is typically the example shown in FIG. 1, but may be formed by a plane having a plurality of holes or a surface of a material having high water permeability. is there. The holes 4,... 4 may be arranged irregularly, and may be provided by providing a plurality of groups of holes 4,. The “inflow portion of the housing” of the present invention is:
Typically, surface water is formed into a structure that allows the surface water to flow into the housing by the head thereof and efficiently contact the filler layer, and the contact with the filler layer (for example, sequential contact) is completed. Is formed in a structure that efficiently flows out of the housing.

The housing itself of the present invention may have any shape as long as the inflow portion and the outflow portion of the surface water can be arranged and the space has a space in which the filler can be filled. Therefore, it is also possible that the arc surface 3 in FIG. 1 is a flat surface and the cylindrical body 2 has a shape other than the cylindrical shape. However, in the removal by the reaction of the chemical pollution peculiar to surface water by the coral limestone particle aggregate under the conditions specified in the present invention, the housing 1 shown in FIG. 1 maximizes the effect of the present invention in terms of the device structure. It can be enjoyed.

The "surface water" of the present invention is water generated on the surface of the earth and is mainly derived from natural phenomena. The surface water is typically, for example, rainwater, snow melt, surface water, spring water, rising groundwater, or the like, but may be other water. The "surface water" of the present invention includes:
Those that have been subjected to a treatment (for example, a purification treatment by a filtration device or the like) are also included. For example, a filtration device of the present invention (the surface water purification device of the present invention has a filtration function and is also a filtration device) may be provided in series with a conventional filtration device of surface water. Further, according to the filtration device of the present invention, surface water including seawater can be purified, and thus “surface water” of the present invention includes surface water including seawater.

The housing 1 is formed into an integral shape or a shape that can be divided by molding and firing a raw material of the main clay material. If necessary, other materials or shapes can be used. The housing 1 can enjoy the effects of the present invention as long as it is a molded and fired product of a main clay material. However, by using a specific raw material, the effects of the present invention can be further improved by the present invention. Specific raw materials include, for example, ceramic raw materials such as Kabira pottery stone, large bulk pottery stone, pottery stone sericite, and Miyazaki clay. By optimizing the mixing ratio and the like of these ceramic raw materials, the housing 1 can be made to have a shape, strength and corrosion resistance that are effective for improving the effects of the invention.

The housing 1 is arranged so that surface water can flow out from the opening 5 to a water outlet of the water collecting tank (typically, a water outlet in the water collecting tank) (see FIG. 1). The opening 5 is provided, for example, by providing a fitting (for example, a screw) at the lower end of the opening 5 or in the vicinity thereof and attaching the fitting to the water outlet of the water collecting tank. It is also easy to use a seal (for example, an O-ring packing) in the seal part to strengthen the seal. Since the housing 1 is installed so as to be freely mounted, when an accident such as deterioration of the performance of the filler and clogging occurs, the housing 1 itself is easily and easily replaced to return the performance to the original state. Is possible. The filler of the housing 1 is replaced with a new one while being stored in the water-permeable material, and the performance can be easily and easily returned to the original state. Next, the filler used in the present invention will be specifically described.

" Filler " The filler is an aggregate of coral limestone particles having a calcium carbonate content of 60% by weight or more (based on the unit weight of coral limestone) or an aggregate of filler particles containing the coral limestone particles. Are used in the present invention. In conventional water purification performed by contact treatment with a filler layer, activated carbon is generally used because of a large adsorption area derived from pores, and natural minerals (eg, barite, obsidian, etc.) are extremely rare. It is only rarely used to elute certain minerals into drinking water. Therefore, conventionally, there has been no idea of purifying surface water, which is generated in large amounts on the ground surface and may pollute the local environment, with natural minerals. In addition, natural minerals were of many types, and it was said that it was extremely difficult to examine the relationship between natural minerals and purified water. Therefore, purification of surface water by a packed bed of a wide variety of natural mineral particles has been studied in the present invention, and particles obtained by crushing biogenic sedimentary rocks may be used for surface water purification in terms of their surface area. That was found. Biogenic sedimentary rocks include the potential for biological limestone to be used for surface water purification, and biological sources of limestone include corals, stratum foraminifera, lime cameine, foraminifera, bivalves and snails. The inventor of the present invention has found that when a packed bed composed of coral limestone particles belonging to a biological source limestone is passed through surface water, it can be chemically cleaned even with a short contact time. .

Coral limestone is generally defined as a calcareous sediment on which coral or other coral and other hard skeleton and shell-forming organisms are deposited, with calcium carbonate comprising 50% by weight or more. (Refer to “Rough Rocks Picture Book”, Hoikusha Co., Ltd., 1987, 111p).
However, according to the study in the present invention, when the calcium carbonate content is 60% by weight or more (preferably 70% by weight or more), the chemical cleaning of surface water related to the reactivity of calcium carbonate is considered. Has been found to be effective. Coral limestone particles can enjoy the effects of the present invention even when biological species other than coral are mixed as biological species. Although the upper limit of the calcium carbonate content of the coral limestone particles is discussed, for example, a material having a calcium carbonate content of about 85% by weight can be used in the present invention.

If the calcium carbonate content of the coral limestone particles is 60% by weight or more (preferably 70% by weight or more), the effects of the present invention can be enjoyed. Calcium (mg /
When the concentration ratio of (liter) / magnesium (mg / liter) is in the range of 15 to 30, the effect of the present invention is more effectively enjoyed. The concentration ratio of calcium / magnesium is determined, for example, by adding 300 g of coral limestone particles to 1 liter of purified water and shaking for 30 minutes (at 20 ± 10 ° C.), and then taking 30 minutes to separate calcium contained in purified water separated from coral limestone particles. It can be obtained by measuring the concentration (mg / liter) of magnesium and magnesium (measurement is performed by atomic absorption spectrometry).

< Size of Coral Limestone Particles> The coral limestone particles are formed into a packed bed with the aggregate of the coral limestone particles having a common infiltration measure (for example, a depth of 50 to 100 cm and a diameter of 40 cm).
〜50 cm) at the water outlet of the tank to allow the surface water to flow out and ensure the water flow rate to ensure the physical cleanliness of the contaminated surface water (eg, solid pollutant capture performance) and chemical It is desirable to use a size that ensures cleanliness. However, the coral limestone particles have a lower limit of 0.08 mm (measured by a membrane filter method specified in JIS K3832) and an upper limit of JISZ, for example.
80018 (1994) Standard aperture size 25m
If the size is such that it does not pass through a mesh sieve having a mesh size of 22 mm after passing through a mesh sieve having a mesh size of 22 m, the physical cleanliness and chemical cleanliness of coral limestone particles are improved, and the effects of the present invention are improved. It becomes easy to enjoy. The coral limestone particles have a lower limit of 0.1 mm and an upper limit of a size that passes through a mesh sieve having a mesh size of 16.0 mm and does not pass through a mesh sieve having a mesh size of 13.2 mm. In this case, it is easier to enjoy the effects of the present invention. When most of the coral limestone particles (for example, 70% by weight or more) filled in the housing have such a size, the effects of the present invention can be easily enjoyed.

< Heat treatment of coral limestone particles> The coral limestone particles are particularly subjected to heat dehydration treatment.
The chemical cleaning capacity of coral limestone particles involved in the capture of pollutants of molecular level in contaminated surface water and the reactivity of calcium carbonate is increased and sustained. And the coral limestone particles are, for example, 150 to 500 ° C.
(Preferably 200-400 ° C.) facilitates such capacity enhancement and maintenance. The filler may be a mixed system in which inorganic particles other than coral limestone particles are mixed as long as the effects derived from coral limestone particles can be enjoyed. As a filler for mixed systems,
For example, a mixed system of limestone other than coral limestone, rock other than limestone, ceramics in a broad sense, and the like, and coral limestone particles can be used. In the mixed filler, for example, the coral limestone particles are desirably 55% by weight or more (based on the unit weight of the mixed filler).

[ Storage of Filling Material ] An aggregate of coral limestone particles or an aggregate of inorganic particles including coral limestone particles is stored in a water-permeable material and filled in the housing 1. The water permeable material is a material that is water permeable and coral limestone particle impermeable. "Material" of the "water-permeable material" of the present invention
Has a shape that is effective for filling the housing 1 with the filler, and is a form (for example, a bag having a shape similar to the internal space of the housing 1) that is effective for storing the filler, which is an aggregate of particles. ). "Water-permeable material" of the present invention
Is typically a soft bag-like body, but may be a hard container-like body as long as it can accommodate a filler and can be mounted inside the housing 1. As the water permeable material, for example, there is a bag-like body formed of a nonwoven fabric (for example, a polyester nonwoven fabric or the like). The water-permeable material is fixed to the internal space of the housing 1 by making it detachable in a state where the filler is stored. The fixing means is optional. For example, a simple instrument such as a plastic frame-shaped ring may be inserted into the cylindrical body 2 of the housing 1 and fixed by its elasticity. It is also possible to use special fixing devices (including fixing devices).

[ Use of Surface Water Purification Device ] The surface water purification device is used for cleaning surface water that is installed in a water collecting tank and collects or collects and stores water therein. There are no particular restrictions on the use, size and shape of the water collection tank, as long as it is an effective tank for collecting or collecting surface water, and names other than tanks (for example, squares, containers, etc.) It is also possible that they are specified by Typical examples of the collecting tank include a collecting tank, a collecting tank, a storage tank, and a moving tank. Water collecting tanks, for example, existing, collecting, filtering,
Dust removal, penetration, road penetration, rainwater collection,
Rainwater infiltration, rainwater storage, drainage can have the same or similar structure as other infiltration facilities.

The surface water purifying apparatus is, for example, formed as a concrete water collecting tank, and the lower part of the housing 1 of FIG. 1 is provided at a water outlet at the bottom thereof by a sleeve or other means so as to be freely attached. If the collecting tank is made to have the same shape as the infiltration tank, a surface water recovery apparatus with significantly improved performance can be obtained instead of the conventional infiltration tank. In addition, existing water collection, filtration, dust removal, infiltration, road infiltration, rainwater collection, rainwater infiltration, rainwater storage, drainage and other infiltration facilities should be installed in the surface water purification equipment. Alternatively, the surface water may be purified thereby to be infiltrated into the ground, or the function of the existing infiltration facility may be used in combination with the surface water purification device.

Next, a part of an example of another embodiment of the use of the surface water cleaning apparatus will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of an artificial planting soil installed in a surface water purification device in a drain (which may be a drain). As for the artificial planting soil 30, the rainwater of the soil layer 31
Through the crushed stone layer 33 and into the drainage holes 34,... 34 of perforated concrete or porous concrete, and are purified by the surface water purifiers 35,. Or through a pipeline to the end (see arrows in FIG. 3).

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of a rainwater sedimentation storage tank in which the surface water purifying device is installed in a rainwater filtering section. The rainwater sedimentation storage tank 40 is provided with an area of a sedimentation part 41, a filtration part 42 and a water storage part 43. Rainwater flows to the sedimentation part 41 and is subjected to a sedimentation treatment. -It is stored in a water storage part 43 which flows and flows. Conventionally, in the filtration unit 42, rainwater is filtered by a filtration layer 43 such as crushed stone or artificial aggregate and transferred to the water storage unit 43. However, in the rainwater sedimentation storage tank 40 of FIG. 4, the filtering unit 42 has a structure provided with the surface water purifying devices 44,. And transferred to the water storage section 43.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory view of a rainwater storage tank provided with a surface water purifying device. Rainwater flows into a rainwater storage tank 51 through a pipe 50 and is stored therein.
The water is purified by the surface water purifying device 52 installed at the water outlet of the above. The surface water cleaning device 52 can also install the housing 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 in a horizontal direction, for example, and allow rainwater to flow into the arc surface 3 from a horizontal direction.

[Second Invention] The second invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7
The figure is a preferred embodiment of the second invention, but is part of an illustration of various embodiments encompassed by the second invention.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory view of an embodiment of the surface water purifying apparatus according to the second invention. In FIG. 6, a surface water purifying apparatus 60 has a housing 61 constituting a surface water purifying section supported by a concrete shell 62, and a conduit 63 connected to the concrete shell 62 extends underground. In the second aspect of the present invention, the surface water discharged from the surface water purification unit may directly flow into the duct, or the surface water discharged from the surface water purification unit may pass through some device (ie, (Indirectly) may flow into the vessel (FIGS. 6 and 7).
In any case, the effects of the present invention can be equally enjoyed. The housing 61 has the same configuration as the housing 1 which is a specific example of the surface water purification apparatus of the first invention, including a filler. The concrete frame 62 is formed in a vertically-long circular cross section and is firmly erected, and the lower end of the housing 61 is formed in a stepped portion 6 formed above the inner peripheral surface thereof.
4, the lower part of the housing 61 is fitted into the receiving part 65 on the upper part of the concrete crane 62. The concrete frame 62 is provided with an eye panel 66 near the opening below the door, and the eye panel 66 and the step portion 6 are provided.
4 is filled with a filler 67 (similar to the filler of the housing 61) in a state of being stored in the water-permeable material. The conduit 63 is attached to an attachment fixing portion 68 provided at the lower end of the concrete column 62. The conduit 63 is provided with a lead-out portion 69 extending underground and having a surface water outflow hole at a tip end thereof. The conduit 63 is desirably a non-rusting and high-strength hard tube. The length of the conduit 63 can be determined from the relationship with the soil structure and the like, and is desirably the length that reaches the soil layer where surface water does not stagnate. The “lead-out part” of the present invention may have a structure in which surface water is led out by means other than a hole, and is optional in the means. For example, a water-permeable membrane may be provided at the tip opening of the conduit 63 or the like. May be attached, or a part or the distal end of the conduit 63 may be formed from a water-permeable material to serve as an outlet. Surface water flows into the housing 61 where it is cleaned by the filler, flows down the concrete 62 and is cleaned by the filler 67 there and then discharges through the conduit 63 to the desired depth in the soil. Is done.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory view of another embodiment of the surface water purifying apparatus according to the second invention. In FIG. 7, a surface water cleaning device 70 is configured such that a housing 71 constituting a surface water cleaning unit is mounted on a cylindrical portion 73 fixed to a water collecting tray 72 so as to be freely mounted, and mounted on a lower portion of the cylindrical portion 73. The pipe 75 is provided with an outlet 76 having a surface water outflow hole disposed underground. The cylindrical portion 73 is, like the concrete frame 62 in FIG. The catchment basin 72 is crushed stone 77 and concrete
The base is fixedly provided on the base made of the metal layer 78, and its upper end is flush with the ground surface and covered with a lid 79. Surface water flows through an inflow pipe (not shown) and is collected in a water collecting tank 72 before being cleaned.

The surface water purifying device 60 shown in FIGS.
According to 70, surface water highly purified by the two-stage filler layer can penetrate into the ground. FIG.
And in the surface water purification devices 60 and 70 shown in FIG.
When the surface water penetrates into the ground, the conduits 63 and 75 are formed to have a length such that the lead-out portions 69 and 76 can be disposed at a position in the ground where the surface water flows smoothly without stagnation due to the relationship with the soil structure. Becomes possible.

The soil structure generally has a surface water, a suspension water zone, a capillary water zone, a groundwater zone, and an impermeable zone, but varies considerably depending on a difference in a surface water catchment area and a watershed area. Sometimes. The surface water purifying devices 60 and 70 have the length of the conduit 63 and the length where the outlets 69 and 76 are located in the groundwater zone.
75 is suitable. However, when the underground water zone is extremely deep, the conduits 63 and 75 are formed to have a length at which the outlet portions 69 and 76 are located in a shallower drainage layer. The conduits 63, 75 are typically about 1.5 m
If the length is about 3.5 m, it is possible to dispose the lead-out portions 69 and 76 in the groundwater zone or a layer close thereto. When the surface water purifying devices 60 and 70 are provided at or near a road, it is necessary to arrange the deriving units 69 and 76 at a position in the ground where the strength of the road is maintained.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory view of the sectional structure of the road. In the case of pavement, the lower subgrade disperses the traffic load and transmits the traffic load to the subgrade, and the change in the subgrade volume accompanying the change in the water content. It plays an important role in preventing freezing in cold regions by minimizing the effect of pavement on the pavement. Therefore, the conduits 63, 75 of the surface water purification devices 60, 70 are installed at a depth that does not affect the function of the lower subgrade. In the present invention, modifications or partial changes and additions are optional and are within the scope of the present invention, as long as the effects of the present invention are not particularly impaired, consistent with the purpose of the present invention. .

[0038]

According to the surface water purifying apparatus of the first invention, various effects represented by the following (a) to (h) can be obtained. (A) Since the housing is filled with the filler, the filler can be easily replaced with the housing integrally or individually, so that even if clogging occurs, it is easy and easy. It is possible to easily exert the original function. (B) The surface water purifier cleans chemically contaminated surface water simply by passing surface water through a filler layer consisting of an aggregate of coral limestone particles or an aggregate of inorganic particles including coral limestone particles. This makes it possible to remove fine contaminants (for example, contaminants having a molecular size). (C) The surface water cleaning device can neutralize the acidified surface water and remove even heavy metal ions contained in the surface water, depending on the characteristics of the aggregate of coral limestone particles. (D) Since the surface water purifying apparatus has a simple structure in which the housing is filled with the filler, the cleaning capacity is enhanced (particularly, markedly increased) by changing the size of the housing or the amount of the filler. Easy. (E) The surface water purifier uses inexpensive coral limestone particles as a filler, and the housing is made of clay, and the main raw material can be formed by a fired molded product or the like. It is also beneficial. (F) Since the surface water purifying device has a simple structure, it can be easily installed in various existing water collecting tanks. (G) The surface water purifying device is not restricted by the structure and form of the tank (including the other ones) to which it is attached. (H) An appropriate filler amount can be selected according to the pollution generated in surface water. (I) The operation of purifying surface water and recovering it into the ground, which has conventionally been considered difficult to realize, can be easily performed. (V) Recovery of clean surface water into the ground is facilitated on an industrial scale. (L) Surface water recovery rate is improved. According to the surface water purification apparatus of the second aspect of the present invention, in addition to the various effects represented by the above (a) to (l), various effects represented by the following (i) to (i) are obtained. Can be (I) It becomes easy to infiltrate clean surface water into the ground at a desired depth. (Ii) It becomes easy to infiltrate the clean surface water into a portion that does not impair the function of the soil structure. (Iii) Accidents such as stagnation of surface water collected in the soil structure do not occur. (Iv) Accidents such as contamination of soil with contaminated surface water are eliminated. (V) The amount of clean surface water recovered in the ground is significantly increased.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of a housing of a surface water purification apparatus according to a first invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of a partially enlarged housing of the surface water cleaning apparatus according to the first invention.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing one embodiment of the use of the surface water purification apparatus according to the first invention.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing another embodiment of the use of the surface water cleaning apparatus according to the first invention.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing another embodiment of the use of the surface water cleaning apparatus according to the first invention.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory view of a surface water purification apparatus according to a second invention.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory view of a surface water purification apparatus according to a second invention.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of a cross section of a soil structure.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory view of a conventional underground drainage cove.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory view of a conventional water-permeable side groove.

FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram of a conventional water-permeable pavement.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Housing 2 Cylindrical trunk part 3 Arc surface 4 Hole 5 Opening opening 20 Central part 30 Artificial planting soil 31 Soil layer 32 Permeable layer 33 Crushed stone layer 34 Drainage 35 Surface water purification device 40 Rain water sedimentation storage tank 41 Sedimentation part 42 Filtration unit 43 Water storage unit 44 Surface water purification device 50 Piping 51 Rainwater storage tank 52 Surface water purification device 60 Surface water purification device 61 Housing 62 Concrete 63 63 Pipe 64 Stepped portion 65 Receiving portion 66 Mesh plate 67 Filling material 68 Mounting and fixing Part 69 Outgoing part 70 Surface water purifier 71 Housing 72 Water collecting tank 73 Cylindrical part 75 Pipe 76 Hole 77 Crushed stone 78 Concrete layer

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A filler comprising an aggregate of coral limestone particles having a calcium carbonate content of 60% by weight or more (based on the unit weight of coral limestone) or an aggregate of inorganic particles containing the coral limestone particles is water-permeable. A surface water purifying device having a structure that is housed in a material and filled in a housing, wherein the housing is configured to discharge an inflow portion that flows surface water that comes into contact with the filler, and a surface water that comes into contact with the filler. A surface water purifying device having a shape having an outflow portion for flowing out to the outside, and having a structure that can be installed in a water discharge system of a water collecting tank. (1) The content of calcium carbonate is 60% by weight.
Filler consisting of aggregates of coral limestone particles (based on the unit weight of coral limestone) or filler consisting of aggregates of inorganic particles containing the coral limestone particles, and surface water that comes into contact with the internal filler material flows in (2) a surface water purification unit having a structure in which the surface water after contact with the filler is discharged from the housing having a shape having an outflow portion to the outside and is filled and stored in a water-permeable material; A) a conduit having a lead-out portion through which surface water discharged from the surface water purification portion can flow in and has a lead-out portion for drawing out surface water into the ground. A surface water purifier. 3. The surface water purifying apparatus according to claim 1, comprising one or more of the following features (A) to (D). (A) The housing is configured to be mounted on a support portion filled with the filler, and the support portion is mounted on a water discharge system of the water collecting tank so as to flow out of the housing. Surface water is discharged to the water discharge system of the water collection tank through the support. (B) The housing is structured so as to be freely attached to a water discharge system of the water collecting tank. (C) The filler is configured to be integrally and removably filled in the housing while being housed in a water-permeable material. (D) The housing can be freely installed when collecting, filtering, dusting, permeating, road penetrating, rainwater collecting, rainwater penetrating, rainwater collecting or draining. is there. 4. The surface water purifying apparatus according to claim 2, wherein one or more of the following features (a) to (d) are provided. (A) The structure is such that the housing is mounted so as to be freely mounted on the support portion filled with the filler, and the pipe is attached to a lower portion of the support portion. (B) The housing has a structure in which the filler, which is attached to an enclosure for storing surface water, is mounted on a supporting portion for filling. (C) The lead-out portion has a structure in which a hole is formed in a vessel. (D) The filler is configured to be integrally and removably filled in the housing while being housed in a water-permeable material. 5. The surface water purifying apparatus according to claim 1, wherein one or more of the following features (i) to (vi) are provided. (I) The housing is formed of a molded and fired material of a main clay material having a three-dimensional shape including a cylindrical body and a curved surface having an upper portion curved outward. (Ii) The coral limestone particles have a calcium carbonate content of 70% by weight or more (based on the unit weight of coral limestone). (Iii) The lower limit of the coral limestone particles is 0.08 m
m (Membrane filter specified in JIS K3832)
The upper limit is 25 mm.
Is a size that does not pass through a mesh sieve having an opening standard size of 22 mm (mesh sieve conforms to JISZ80018 (1994)). (Iv) The coral limestone particles are heat-treated at 150 to 500 ° C. (V) The water-permeable material is a material formed in a bag shape from a nonwoven fabric having water permeability and impervious to filler particles. 6. A filler comprising an aggregate of coral limestone particles having a lower calcium carbonate content of 60% by weight (based on the unit weight of coral limestone) or a filler comprising an aggregate of inorganic particles containing the coral limestone particles. Is a surface water purifying device having a structure in which a housing is filled with a water-permeable material contained in a housing, wherein the housing has an inflow portion into which surface water that comes into contact with the internal filler flows, and a filler. It has a shape that the outflow part where the surface water after contact with the water flows out to the outside has a shape that can be installed in the water discharge system of the collection tank, and the outflow surface water can be poured from the outflow part. Surface water purification equipment, characterized by being installed, collecting water, filtering, removing dust, permeating, road permeating, rainwater collecting, rainwater permeating. , Rainwater storage Stay or drain water consisting of surface water.