JP2001170782A - Frictional joining apparatus, and frictional joining method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a frictional joining apparatus which is excellent in joining on a reverse side and small in joining burrs on a face side, and a method thereof. SOLUTION: In the frictional joining apparatus and the method thereof, a tool comprises a screw part to be inserted in a work and a shoulder part which supports the screw part and is larger in diameter than the screw part, the length of the screw part is set to be a predetermined value so that the screw part is not brought into contact with the surface of a frame, and the shoulder part has a penetration adjusting means to adjust the penetration of the tool so that a recess of a desired depth is formed in the surface of the work.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a novel friction joining apparatus and joining method, and more particularly, to preventing a joining defect and improving the quality of a joining part even when a part of a material to be joined has irregularities or inclinations. The present invention relates to a friction welding apparatus and a friction welding method capable of improving the welding efficiency and enabling a more efficient welding operation.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a friction stir welding method, a tool made of a material (metal) that is substantially harder than a material of a joining material is inserted into a joining portion of the joining material, and the tool is moved while rotating. And a method of friction stirring by frictional heat generated between the material and the bonding material. The principle of this friction stir welding method is known from Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-505090. That is, the method utilizes a plastic flow phenomenon caused by frictional heat between the tool and the joining material, and does not melt and weld the joining material as in arc welding. Furthermore, this joining method is different from a method in which joining materials are rotated and joined by frictional heat of each other as in a conventional friction welding method, and has a feature that the joining materials can be joined continuously in a joining line direction. .

[0003]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The friction stir welding method disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication Nos. 7-505090 and 9-508073 discloses a method of rotating a tool, a rotation direction, a tool inclination angle with respect to a welding direction, and a tool inclination angle. The relative positional relationship with the workpiece surface in the vertical direction, the moving speed in the joining line direction, and the constraint of the joining material are important. In the case of joining with the joining device, there are the following problems in particular. Further, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H11-226758 discloses a friction welding apparatus.

(1) It is necessary that the rotation direction and the inclination angle of the tool are always constant with respect to the joining progress direction. When the joining is performed only on the outward path, the joining can be performed without changing the rotation direction and the inclination angle of the tool, but the efficiency of the joining operation is low. By performing the joining in the forward path and the returning path at the same time, the efficiency of the joining operation can be improved. However, it is necessary to change the rotation direction and the inclination angle each time when the joining direction is the forward path or the return path.

(2) In the friction stir welding method, it is necessary to insert a tool rotating during welding to a predetermined depth from the surface of the welding material, and to maintain this depth constant during welding. However, a change in height on the surface of the bonding material,
In other words, if there is unevenness, the insertion depth of the tool from the surface of the joining material changes, so that sound joining cannot be performed.

(3) It is desirable that the tool is inclined at an angle of 1 to 5 degrees in a direction opposite to the joining direction in the joining method. However, in the case of a joining material in which a part of the joining material surface is inclined, the angle of the tool needs to be changed according to the inclination angle of the joining material.

(4) In the joining method, a large load is applied to the tool and the joining material during the joining process. For this reason, it is necessary to firmly restrain according to the shape of the joining material. Further, it is desired that the restraint be efficiently stable.

(5) In the above-mentioned joining method, the joining speed is several times faster than that of the conventional arc welding, so that it is difficult to visually monitor the joined state. Therefore, optical monitoring is required. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a friction welding apparatus and a method thereof, in which the back side has good joining and the surface has few joining burrs.

[0009]

According to the present invention, a tool made of a material harder than a material to be joined mounted and fixed on a gantry is inserted into a joint of the material to be joined and joined by plastic flow of the material to be joined. The tool has a screw part to be inserted into the material to be welded, and a shoulder part supporting the screw part and having a larger diameter than the screw part, and the screw part comes into contact with the surface of the gantry. Pressing amount adjusting means for adjusting the pressing amount of the tool so that the screw portion is set to a desired length so that the shoulder portion forms a concave portion having a desired depth on the surface of the workpiece. It is characterized by having. The distance between the tool tip and the gantry is 0.4 mm or less, preferably 0.05 to 0.20 mm. Therefore, the length of the screw portion is selected according to the thickness of the joint of the materials to be joined. The depth of the indentation is within 1 mm, preferably 0.1 mm.
2 to 0.6 mm.

[0010] The tool has an angle adjusting means for adjusting an inclination angle so that a leading portion of the shoulder portion has a desired gap on a surface of the material to be joined with respect to a traveling direction of the joining. The pushing amount is adjusted by a trailing portion of the portion. The inclination angle can be inclined in both directions within 10 degrees, preferably 3 to 7 degrees with respect to the vertical angle to the surface of the workpiece, and the gantry preferably fixes the workpiece to the gantry by a restraining member. It is characterized in that a plurality of grooves are provided. The groove is preferably formed in a bag shape so that the head of the bolt is engaged. A pressing means is provided for pressing the material to be joined from a side surface thereof so as to prevent the joining portion of the material to be opened from opening.

The present invention comprises means for moving the tool in the number of rotations, rotation direction, inclination angle, up and down movement, joining line direction, a control device therefor, and means for restraining the material to be joined, either manually or automatically. This can be achieved by a driving device.
In addition, the base for restraining the workpiece is provided with a bag-shaped groove in the base as described above, the head of a bolt is engaged in the groove, a long arm is attached to the bolt, and the workpiece is held by the arm. It is fixed firmly with screws.

Further, it is preferable to provide a monitoring device capable of optically or electronically monitoring the bonding state in the bonding process. The center position of the tool is adjusted by monitoring.

The apparatus of the present invention preferably further has the following configuration.

(1) The direction of rotation of the tool in the forward and backward paths of joining can be controlled by inverter control. The tilt angle allows drive from the electric motor via the index shaft.

(2) The insertion depth of the tool from the surface of the joining material can be adjusted by adjusting the depth of the tool according to the unevenness of the material to be joined or the shape of the joining depth. The insertion depth of the tool can be made by changing the length of the pin from the shoulder. The adjustment of the length of the pin is performed by a fixed structure in which the shoulder and the pin move up and down with each other and rotate in the same manner.

(3) In the case of a joining shape in which a part of the surface of the material to be joined is inclined, the tool inclination mechanism automatically adjusts the driving mechanism of the tool in accordance with the inclination angle of the joining material. This is possible.

(4) When a plurality of welding lines are present on the material to be welded, a plurality of tools are attached to one friction welding device, and the plurality of tools are rotated, rotated, moved,
The joining operation can be more efficiently achieved by operating the inclination angles independently or in conjunction with each other. (5) The material to be joined can be restrained by a restraining mechanism provided coaxially with the tool. Further, it is possible to provide a restraint mechanism independently of the restraint mechanism.

In order to adjust the insertion depth of the tool from the surface of the workpiece, the position of the unevenness and the change in the unevenness of the surface of the workpiece from the welding start point are measured in advance, and the measurement result is recognized by the control device. It is possible by controlling the vertical drive mechanism of the tool based on the recognition signal. That is, the time required for the tool to reach the position of the unevenness from the position of the unevenness from the welding start point and the welding speed can be determined, and the time for driving the tool up and down can be determined. In addition, changes in the height of the unevenness,
This is possible by measuring with a laser displacement type or dial gauge and making the control device recognize the result.
According to the above-described method, the depth of the tool can be constantly controlled from the uneven surface even in the joint shape where unevenness exists in a part of the workpiece. In particular, when the unevenness is large, it is possible to pull out the tool once from the material to be joined, stop the joining once, and then reinsert the tool according to the surface of the unevenness.

In the case of a joining shape in which a part of the surface of the material to be joined is inclined, the inclination angle of the tool and the starting point of the inclination are as follows:
In advance, measure the inclination of the material to be joined and the inclination angle of the starting point,
This can be achieved by causing the control device to recognize the result and controlling the drive mechanism of the tool based on the recognition signal. The positions of the start and end points of the inclination can be automatically determined based on the time signal from the distance from the joining start point and the calculation. In addition, the inclination angle, the starting point and the ending point of the inclination are measured by the laser displacement meter in the joining process, and the inclination angle of the tool can be adjusted in the joining process based on the signals.

[0020] In the joining process, the forward and backward joining can be performed. In this case, a plurality of tools, preferably 3 to 5 tools are attached to one friction welding apparatus, and the plurality of tools are: The joining operation can be performed more efficiently by operating the rotation speed, the moving speed, and the inclination angle independently or in conjunction with each other.

Incidentally, the automatic adjustment of the tool angle can be achieved by the driving force from the electric motor via the worm gear.

It is possible to apply pressure from the surface direction or the side direction of the material to be joined by hydraulic pressure, water pressure or air pressure according to the shape of the material to be joined.

[0023]

(Embodiment 1) FIG. 1 is a side view showing the basic structure of the entire friction welding apparatus of the present invention for joining a workpiece made of an Al-based alloy, and FIG. 2 is a front view.

(1) A tool driving mechanism 3 having a mechanism for adjusting the rotation and tilt angle 2 of the tool 1 (2) A tool head 6 having a mechanism for moving the tool 1 up and down 4 and right and left 5 (3) The tool A head moving mechanism 7 having a mechanism for moving the head 6 in the joining direction (4) a gantry 23 for fixing the workpiece 8 and a restraining mechanism 10 (5) a monitoring device 11 (1) capable of monitoring the joining state in the joining process The drive mechanism 3 of the tool 1 includes a drive motor 24 for rotating the tool and the tilt angle adjustment mechanism 2. The rotation of the tool is performed directly from an electric motor or via a gear or a belt. The tool rotation speed is
The number of rotations is 5 due to the inverter control device connected to the motor.
It can be adjusted arbitrarily between 00 and 3000 rpm. Also, the rotation direction can be automatically controlled by the inverter control device.

The adjustment of the inclination angle 12 of the tool 1 can be manually adjusted by using an index shaft and a plate. It can also be adjusted automatically via a motor. The inclination angle 12 can be arbitrarily adjusted within a range of 0 to 10 degrees.

The tool head 6 of (2) comprises a drive mechanism 13 for moving the tool in the up-down direction 4 and a drive mechanism 14 for moving the tool in the left-right direction 5, and the tool head 6 is fixed to a portal frame 15. . The movement of the tool in the vertical direction 4 can be performed by the manual handle 16 or the tool vertical drive motor 1
3 and via the screw jack 17. Further, the movement of the tool in the left-right direction 4 is possible via a manual handle 18 or a tool left-right driving motor 14 for movement and a ball screw 19.

(3) The tool head mechanism 6 is fixed to the gate-shaped frame 15 and is joined with the frame in the joining direction 2.
It is moved by the tool head driving device 7 that moves to zero.
The movement of the frame 15 is possible manually or via an electric motor and gears. That is, joining can be performed by moving the portal frame 15 in the joining direction 20 with the tool rotated. The moving speed is 100 to 2
It can be arbitrarily adjusted between 000 mm / min.

(4) The mounting base 23 and the restraining mechanism 10 for fixing the material 8 to be joined are provided with a mechanism for fixing and restraining the material 8 to be joined from the surface direction or the side surface direction. The material 8 to be joined can also be restrained manually with bolts. Furthermore, it is possible automatically by hydraulic or hydraulic or compressed air. Hydraulic and compressed air restraint up to 3000 kg
Possible up to f.

On the other hand, the restraining mechanism is provided with a restraining mechanism 21 coaxially with the tool 1 separately from the restraining mechanism 10 arranged on the fixing stand 23. The fixing table 9 mounts the workpiece 8 directly on the gantry 23 and
Since the gantry 23 is damaged by the tool 1 when it is joined by, it is provided to prevent the damage.

(5) The bonding process monitoring device 11 can optically monitor the vicinity of the bonding in the bonding process by using a CCD camera. Further, monitoring of the depth direction of the tool from the surface of the workpiece can be monitored by the laser displacement meter 22 or the dial gauge.

All of the above 1 to 22 are arranged on a gantry 23 via a gate-shaped frame.

With the friction welding apparatus having the above-mentioned mechanisms 1 to 23, even long and wide workpieces can be stably welded. Further, since the inclination angle of the tool and the rotation direction of the tool can be freely adjusted, the forward path and the return path can be joined.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing an insertion state at the time of joining when the tool 1 according to the present embodiment is rotated and joined to a material to be joined. In this embodiment, the shoulder portion 46 of the tool 1 rises to the right with respect to the joining direction 47, and the leading portion of the shoulder portion 46 is provided with a gap a with respect to the surface of the material 8 to be joined. The joining material is prevented from being cut at the shoulder portion, and is pushed into the joining material at intervals of b in the succeeding portion. Also, a projection 55 similar to that shown in FIG.

The distance between a and b is less than 1 mm, preferably 0.2 to 0.6 mm. Further, when the thickness of the material to be welded is large, the thread portion and the shoulder diameter of the tool become large, so that the interval becomes large, and the allowable range has a proportional relationship.

The tool 1 is inclined with respect to the surface of the material 8 to be joined, such as θ, and the angle is preferably within 10 degrees, more preferably 3 to 7 degrees. It is preferable that the angle be increased depending on the thickness of the material 8 to be joined.

Furthermore, the distance c between the tool 1 and the gantry 23 is necessary to prevent direct contact of the tool 1 with the gantry 23 and to prevent damage to both. However, if the distance c is too large, the bonding on the back surface of the material 8 to be bonded becomes insufficient. Therefore, in order to obtain a sufficient bonding, although it depends on the thickness of the material 8 to be bonded, it is 0.4 mm or less. And preferably 0.05-0.5.
2 mm. Thereby, good bonding can be obtained.

The tool 1 has a screw portion 48 and a shoulder 46 to be inserted into the material 8 to be welded, and the screw portion 48 has a screw formed at the tip, and in this embodiment, the joining width is made smaller. The diameter of the neck portion 45 is smaller than that of the screw portion so that a sharp joint can be formed. It is preferable that the maximum diameter of the screw portion be 1.1 to 1.5 times that of the neck portion 45.

(Embodiment 2) FIG. 4 shows a driving mechanism of the tool 1 and a restraining mechanism 21 of the workpiece 8 made of an Al-based alloy provided coaxially with the tool. The rotation and vertical drive of the tool 1 are driven by a rotary motor 24 via gears 25 and 26 to a rotary shaft 27 of the tool. The rotating shaft 27 is also driven vertically while rotating via a spindle unit 28. The gantry 23 is divided into two parts on the left and right sides, and is fixed by bolts so as not to open each other.
The frame 23 is provided with a groove 50 for fixing the workpiece 8.

On the other hand, the material 8 to be joined is placed on a mount 23 for fixing the material to be joined, and the material 8 to be joined is restrained from above by a restraining mechanism 21 provided coaxially with the tool 1. The restraining mechanism 21 is restrained from above by a hydraulic cylinder 30 via a roller 31. The roller 31 has a rotation mechanism. The restraining mechanism 21 moves vertically independently of the tool 1. In the joining, first, the workpiece 8 is restrained from the surface direction by the restraining mechanism 21. Next, the tool 1 is inserted into the workpiece 8 to a predetermined depth while being rotated. Next, in the state where the tool 1 is rotated in the above state, the material 8 to be joined is moved together with the movement of the portal frame 15.
Starts joining. With the above-described device, a long and wide material to be joined can be stably joined.

Further, in this embodiment, the relationship between the tool 1 and the workpiece 8 is the same as in the first embodiment.

(Embodiment 3) FIG. 5 is a front view showing a basic configuration of a friction welding apparatus having a plurality of tools and a drive mechanism for one friction welding apparatus. As shown in FIG. 5, the apparatus is provided with a plurality of tools and a driving mechanism for the tools, and the tools can be driven independently of each other in rotation, up / down, left / right, and angle. The drive mechanism and the joining state of the device are basically the same as those in the first embodiment, and thus the details are omitted. With the above-mentioned device, a plurality of joining portions can be joined at the same time, and the efficiency of the joining operation can be improved.

(Embodiment 4) FIGS. 6 and 7 show a detailed view of a method of restraining a material to be joined. As shown in FIG. 6, the tool has a thin pin portion 35 at the tip and a shoulder portion 36 thicker than the pin portion.
Consists of The material to be joined 8 is 5 mm thick, 400 mm wide,
It is an extrusion type material of JIS standard 6N01 material having a length of 5000 mm. The fixing table 9 has a groove 37 for fixing the material to be joined on the contact surface with the material to be joined 8. Due to the groove 37, even if the fixing position of the material to be joined changes, the restraining mechanism can be attached in accordance therewith, so that the restraint is facilitated. Hereinafter, the constraint of the materials to be joined will be described.

First, as shown in FIG.
Are arranged on a fixing table 9. Next, the workpiece 8 is restrained by a hydraulically driven restraining mechanism 10 from both sides of the tool 1 in a downward direction with a maximum load of 1000 kgf. Next, as shown in FIG. 7, the tool 1 is rotated and the pin 35 of the tool is inserted into the workpiece 8 to a predetermined depth. Next, the tool moves in the direction of the joining line while rotating, and joining is started. The rotation speed of the tool in this embodiment is 1000 rpm, and the joining speed is 500 mm / min.
It is.

In this embodiment, only the material to be joined is restrained from the surface direction, but the object can be achieved by restraining the material from both left and right directions. Also, the object can be achieved by restraining from either the surface or the side. Further, the restraining mechanism may be an integral structure equal to the length of the material to be joined or a divided structure divided into a plurality. Since the material to be bonded can be stably restrained by the restraining mechanism, stable bonding can be performed, and the quality of the bonded portion is also improved. The material to be joined joined to the joining device by the joining method was used as a member for a railway vehicle.

(Embodiment 5) FIG. 8 is a perspective view of an embodiment showing a method for joining a material to be joined having a partly thick material and a partly sloped material. FIG. 9 shows the inclination angle of the tool at each joint in FIG. The material to be joined is a 3m long aluminum alloy of JIS standard 5052. The thickness of the thin portion of the workpiece is 4 mm, the thickness of the thick portion is 7 mm, the width is 200 mm, and the inclination angle is 10 degrees.

As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the inclination angle of the tool is adjusted to be always constant with respect to the surface of the workpiece. In this embodiment, the inclination angle of the tool is adjusted as follows.

(1) The tool angle θ1 of the portion where the material to be joined has no inclination as shown between a and b in FIG. 8 is 3 in the direction opposite to the joining direction 20 as shown in AA in FIG. The joint is adjusted to a degree inclination angle θ1 to form a joint 38.

(2) At the same time when the tool reaches the point b in FIG. 8, the inclination angle θ2 of the tool is adjusted to θ2 which is 3 degrees larger than the inclination angle α of the material 8 to be joined, as shown by BB in FIG. At this angle, bc is joined.

(3) At the same time when the tool reaches the parallel portion at the point c, the inclination angle of the tool is again adjusted to the same angle θ1 as AA as shown by CC in FIG. -D is joined.

(4) At the same time when the tool reaches the point d, the angle of the tool is adjusted to an angle θ3 which is smaller by 3 degrees than the inclination angle γ of the material to be joined.

(5) When the tool reaches the point e, the tool angle is adjusted again to the same angle as AA.

As described above, by sequentially adjusting the inclination angle of the tool in accordance with the change in the inclination angle of the surface of the material to be joined, even if the thickness of the material to be joined changes, all the joining lines 39 are continuous. And stable bonding.

The adjustment of the inclination angle of the tool in accordance with the change in the inclination angle of the surface of the material to be welded is performed by dividing the time from the distance from the welding start point to the inclination point and the welding speed, and calculating the time at each adjustment start point. This is possible by causing the control device to recognize That is, when the welding speed is constant, the time from the welding length to the inclination start point of the material to be welded is calculated, so that the inclination angle of the tool can be controlled based on that time. According to the joining apparatus and the joining method, stable and efficient joining can be performed even in the case of a joined material in which a part of the surface of the joined material has an inclination. The material to be joined joined by the joining device and the joining method was applied to an automobile member.

(Embodiment 6) FIG. 10 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a joining method in a case where a part of the surface of a material to be joined has a change in height, that is, irregularities, and FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the insertion position of a tool in a joining material. That is, FIG. 10 shows that the blank 40 and the convex 41
Is an example in the case where there is. The workpiece 8 in FIG. 10 is an aluminum alloy of JIS A6061. Workpiece 8
The thickness between ad is 5 mm, the thickness between de is 8 mm, the width is 400 mm, and the total length is 20 m. Note that the blank portion 40 between b and c existing in a part of the material to be joined does not need to be joined. The projection 41 requires normal joining. Joining is performed in the following order.

(1) Normal joining line 3 between a and b in FIG.
In the portion where 9 exists, as shown in AA of FIG.
The insertion depth of the pin portion 35 of the tool 1 from the surface of the material to be welded is inserted at a predetermined depth that has been adjusted in advance, and is joined to form the joint portion 38.

(2) Here, immediately before the tool reaches the blank part 40 of b to c, the tool 1 is pulled out from the material to be joined and rises upward as shown in BB of FIG. . At this time, the movement of the tool also stops once.

Next, the tool 1 starts moving in the joining direction again. However, in the blank portion 40, the tool is the material 8 to be joined.
It moves with being pulled out from.

(3) When the tool reaches the point c, the movement of the tool is stopped again, and the tool is inserted into the material to be joined again in a rotated state, and the joining between cd is started again in the same manner as AA. .

(4) Next, immediately before the tool reaches the convex portion 41 at the point d, the movement of the tool is stopped, and the tool is pulled out of the workpiece again. At the same time, the relative positional relationship between the surface height of the convex portion 41 and the tool height is calculated, and the tool is again inserted into the convex portion 41 by a predetermined depth as shown by C-C, and the distance between d and e is calculated. Are joined.

(5) Next, immediately before the tool reaches the point e, the movement of the tool is stopped, and the tool is pulled out of the workpiece again.

(6) In the smooth portion between e and f, D-
As shown in D, the pin portion 35 of the tool 1 is again inserted into the workpiece 8 by a predetermined depth and joined.

The start of the adjustment of the insertion depth of the tool in accordance with the change in the unevenness of the surface of the material to be joined is determined from the distance from the welding start point to each uneven point and the welding speed. This is possible by letting the control device recognize the time of. That is, when the joining speed is constant, the time required to reach each of the concavo-convex points of the material to be joined is calculated from the joining length, so that the insertion depth of the tool can be controlled based on that time. With the above-described joining apparatus and joining method, stable and efficient joining is possible even for a joined material having unevenness on a part of the joined material surface. The material to be joined by the above-described apparatus and the joining method was used as a member for a railway vehicle.

(Embodiment 7) In FIG. 12, dummy plates 42 and 43 are provided in a blank portion 40a existing on the joining line, joining is stopped at the dummy plate portion 42, and joining is started at the dummy plate portion 43. In other words, the joining method tends to cause a defect particularly at the joining start point and the joining point. Therefore, defects occurring at the start point and the stop point of joining are generated in the dummy plate portions 42 and 43, and after joining, the dummy plate portion is mechanically deleted.

On the other hand, in the blank portion 40b, a dummy plate 44 having the same length as the blank portion is provided. That is, by joining the dummy plates 44, joining can be performed continuously without stopping the joining at the blank portion 40b. After bonding, the dummy plate is mechanically removed. (Embodiment 8) FIG. 13 shows a joining method by a friction joining apparatus provided with two tools and its driving mechanism in one friction joining apparatus. FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view showing the insertion position of the tool from the surface of the material to be joined at each joint in FIG. The material to be joined 8 is a JIS standard 6N01 material of an aluminum alloy.

The thickness of the material to be joined 8a is 6 mm, and the thickness of the other material to be joined 8b is 4 mm, which is different in thickness. Therefore, the above 2
The length of the pins of the two tools is equal to and different from the thickness.
Further, the joining line 39 of one material 8a is continuous from the joining start point to the end point, but the other material 8 has a plurality of blank portions 40a and 40b in the middle of the joining line 39. It is present and its blanks do not need to be joined. In other words, the present embodiment relates to a friction welding method for simultaneously joining materials to be joined having different thicknesses and having a continuous joining line and materials having a discontinuous joining line. Hereinafter, the joining method of this embodiment will be described.

(1) As shown in FIG. 13, the two tools 8a and 8a
The pin portion b is inserted at a predetermined depth from the surface of the material to be joined as shown in AA of FIG. 14, and the joining is started at the same time to form the joining portions 38a and 38b.

(2) At the same time when the tool 8b reaches the dummy plate portion 42 of the blank portion 40a, the tools 8a and 8b
Stops and automatically rises upward, and the two tools stop joining.

(3) Next, the two tools 8a and 8b return in the opposite direction to the joining direction with a length of about 20 mm. This causes a defect at the position where the welding is stopped and the tool is raised. Therefore, in order to prevent the defect by joining the defective portion again, the tool is slightly retracted to the already joined portion, and the tool is inserted again from the retreated position to start joining. As a result, already generated defects (holes)
Buried, resulting in a healthy joint.

(4) As described above, the tool 8a is inserted again into the material to be joined from the retracted position and starts joining. However, since the tool 8b has a blank portion 40a, FIG.
As shown in FIG. 2B, the member moves while being removed from the surface of the material to be joined. In this process, the tool 8a is joined.

(5) The tool 8b is at the dummy plate portion 43 at the point c.
, The tools 8a and 8b stop moving again, and the two tools are pulled out of the workpiece 8.

(6) As described above, the tool is retracted by about 20 mm from the position where the tool is pulled out, the tools 8a and 8b are inserted again into the material to be joined, and the two tools move while rotating and are joined. Since the blank portion 40b in FIG. 13 is provided with the continuous dummy plate 44, the tool 8b can also be continuously joined without stopping the joining. The members to be joined joined by the device and the method were used as members for vehicles.

(Embodiment 9) FIG. 14 is a sectional view of a friction welding apparatus according to the present invention. In this embodiment, a fixing member 52 for fixing the material 8 to be joined by a bolt 53 to a groove 50 provided in the gantry 23 without providing the hydraulic cylinder 30, the restraining mechanism 21 and the roller 31 shown in the second embodiment is tightened by a nut 51. It is of a structure to perform. Also in this example, bonding was performed in the same manner as in Example 1, and good bonding on the back surface and bonding with less occurrence of bonding burrs on the front surface were obtained.

(Embodiment 10) FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view showing a joint structure of an I-type groove with a plate having a thickness of 4 mm according to JIS standard 6NO1 of an Al-based alloy using the apparatus according to the present invention of Embodiment 1. .
The workpiece 8 is provided with a projection 55 having a flat joint portion, and the pin 54 having a screw is inserted into the joint portion and frictionally joined. The tool 1 is inclined in the same manner as in the first embodiment, and the shoulder 46 is pushed into the projection 55 to form a concave portion at that portion, so that a corrugated joint is formed. The width of the projection is preferably equal to or slightly larger than the diameter of the shoulder 46, but may be slightly smaller. It is preferably within ± 2 mm. The gap at the joint is preferably zero.

FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the relationship between the allowable gap width of the joint and the shoulder diameter. As shown in the figure, the allowable gap width and shoulder diameter are 0.5mm, 10mm and 1.8mm.
Is indicated by a straight line connecting two points of 40 mm. Therefore, if the allowable gap is set below this diagram, good joining can be obtained.

FIG. 17 is a diagram showing the relationship between the tool rotation speed (rpm) and the joining speed (mm / min) for JIS standards 6NO1 and 5083 for an Al-based alloy having a thickness of 5 mm. 6NO
To obtain a defect-free joint at 1 (520 rpm, 85 mm /
min), (1620 rpm, 85 mm / min), (2680 rpm, 1
500mm / min) and (2030rpm, 1500mm / min), 5083 material (330rpm, 50mm / m)
in), (800rpm, 50mm / min), (1000rpm, 425m
m / min) and (730 rpm, 425 mm / min), a preferable joint can be obtained.

[0076]

According to the present invention, the rotation, inclination, vertical movement, and movement in the direction of the joining line of the tool during the joining process can be arbitrarily adjusted. can get. Furthermore, the binding of the materials to be joined is efficient and
Because it can be made stable, long and stable joining can be achieved even when the material to be joined is inclined or uneven.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view of a friction welding apparatus showing an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a front view of FIG. 1 showing an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a relationship between a tool and a workpiece in friction welding according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a tool and a restraining mechanism according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a friction welding apparatus to which a plurality of tools are attached according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing a restraining mechanism and a restraining method according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a sectional view showing a restraining mechanism and a restraining method according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a material to be joined in which an oblique projection is present in a part of the material to be joined according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of each joint in FIG. 8;

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a material to be joined in which an uneven portion is present in a part of the material to be joined according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a sectional view of each joint of FIG. 10;

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a material to be joined in which an uneven portion is present in a part of the material to be joined according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a perspective view showing a joining method using a plurality of tools according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of each joint of FIG. 13;

FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view showing a tool and a restraining mechanism according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 16 is a sectional view showing the joint structure of the present embodiment.

FIG. 17 is a diagram showing a relationship between an allowable gap and a shoulder diameter.

FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between a tool rotation speed and a joining speed.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Tool, 2 ... Inclination angle adjustment mechanism, 3 ... Tool driving mechanism, 4 ... Tool vertical movement, 5 ... Tool horizontal movement, 6 ... Tool head, 7 ... Tool head driving device,
8: Material to be joined, 9: Fixing table, 10: Restraint mechanism,
11: monitoring device, 12: tool tilt angle direction, 13:
Tool vertical drive motor, 14 Tool horizontal drive motor, 15 Gate frame, 16 Manual handle for tool vertical movement, 17 Screw jack, 1
Reference numeral 8: a manual handle for moving the tool in the left-right direction; 19, a ball screw for driving the tool in the left-right direction; 20, joining direction; 21, a restraining mechanism parallel to the tool axis;
4 ... drive motor for tool rotation, 25, 26 ... gears, 2
7 ... Tool rotation axis, 28 ... Spindle unit, 29 ...
Tool, 30: Hydraulic cylinder, 31: Roller for restraint, 3
5 ... tool pin part, 36 ... tool shoulder part, 38 ...
Joining portion, 39 joining line, 40 blank portion, 41 convex portion, 4
2, 43, 44: dummy plate, 45: neck, 46: shoulder, 47: joining direction, 48: rotation direction, 49:
Screw part, 50 groove, 51 nut, 52 fixing member, 5
3. Bolts, 54 pins, 55 projections.

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Koichi Watanabe 7-1-1, Omikacho, Hitachi City, Ibaraki Prefecture Within Hitachi Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd. (72) Kinya Aota 7-1 Omikacho, Hitachi City, Ibaraki Prefecture No. 1 Inside Hitachi, Ltd. Hitachi Research Laboratory (72) Inventor Masao Funao 7-1-1, Omika-cho, Hitachi City, Ibaraki Prefecture F-term in Hitachi, Ltd. Hitachi Research Laboratory F Term (reference) 4E067 BG00 BG01 BG03 CA01

Claims (12)

[Claims] 1. A friction welding apparatus in which a tool made of a material harder than a material to be joined mounted and fixed on a gantry is inserted into a joint of the material to be joined and joined by plastic flow of the material to be joined. Has a screw part to be inserted into the material to be joined and a shoulder part supporting the screw part and having a larger diameter than the screw part, and the screw part is desired so that the screw part does not contact the surface of the gantry. And a pushing amount adjusting means for adjusting the pushing amount of the tool so that the shoulder portion forms a concave portion having a desired depth on the surface of the material to be joined. Joining equipment. 2. The angle adjusting device according to claim 1, wherein the tool adjusts a tilt angle so that a leading portion of the shoulder portion has a desired gap on a surface of the workpiece with respect to a traveling direction of the joining. Means for adjusting the pushing amount by a trailing portion of the shoulder portion. 3. The friction welding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the pedestal is provided with a groove for fixing the material to be joined to the pedestal by a restraining member. 4. A friction welding apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a pressing means for pressing from a side surface thereof so as not to open a joint portion of said material to be joined. 5. The tool according to claim 1, wherein the tool is used for rotating the tool, a cross drive means in a direction crossing a welding line direction, a joining line direction drive means, and a movement of the tool. A friction welding device comprising a restraining means for restraining a workpiece to be moved along. 6. The friction welding apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the joining line direction and the cross drive mechanism are operated manually, automatically, or both manually and automatically. 7. A friction welding method according to claim 1, wherein the materials to be joined have different thicknesses at the joints, and the insertion depth of said tool can be adjusted according to the height of the surface. apparatus. 8. A friction welding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said angle adjusting means can adjust the inclination angle of said tool in accordance with a change in the inclination angle of the surface of the workpiece. 9. A friction welding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of said tools are provided, and said tools can be driven individually or in combination with each other. 10. A friction welding apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising monitoring means for optically or electronically monitoring a welding state in a welding process. 11. A structure joined by the joining device according to any one of claims 1 to 10. 12. A friction joining method in which a tool made of a material harder than a material to be joined mounted and fixed on a gantry is inserted into a joint of the material to be joined and joined by plastic flow of the material to be joined. Has a screw part to be inserted into the material to be joined and a shoulder part supporting the screw part and having a larger diameter than the screw part, and the screw part is desired so that the screw part does not contact the surface of the gantry. The length of the workpiece, and adjusting the pushing amount of the tool so that the shoulder forms a recess having a desired depth on the surface of the workpiece.