JP2001150201A - Method and device for cutting by variation tool - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To cut a cutting chip divided by vibration cutting in a diametric direction to control a cutting length. SOLUTION: An end face E of a workpiece W is in-feed cut. A rotational speed n(ϕ) is set by a relation n(ϕ)=Vc.1000/ π(d1-2f.ϕ/2π)} so as to fixedly control a peripheral speed Vc of a work diameter di regardless of its change by a cutting blade 2. Assuming α=θd/(θd+θu), from parameter m (m=0, 1, 2...) of number of division of cutting chip relating to α, rotational speed n(ϕ) and workpiece rotational speed, a vibration frequency fri of a vibration tool 1 is obtained by a relation fri=(m+α)n(ϕ)/60. Here, the vibration frequency fri is set by controlling the parameter m so as to prevent the vibration frequency fri from exceeding a maximum vibration frequency frmax. The parameter m is set the lowest value to 0, the vibration frequency fri is larger than the maximum vibration frequency frmax, to the vibration frequency fri=frmax when m=0.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a vibrating tool for cutting a work end face or the like by vibrating a cutting edge in the feed direction with respect to the end face of the work rotating around an axis in turning by a tool. And a cutting device using the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In turning of an outer peripheral surface of a substantially cylindrical work by a general tool, a tool body 1a of a tool 1 is rotated while rotating a work W around an axis O thereof as shown in FIG. Is sent out at a constant speed in a feed direction F parallel to the axis O, and the outer peripheral surface M of the work W is cut by the cutting blade 2 provided at the tip of the cutting tool body 1a. At this time, the cutting blade 2 is moved in the feed direction F while the work W makes one rotation.
And the locus L ₀ of the cutting edge 2 on the outer peripheral surface M of the workpiece W becomes a spiral shape twisted at a constant angle as shown in FIG. Therefore, the feed f is
It can also be said that the locus Lo of the cutting blade 2 on the outer peripheral surface M of the workpiece W is the interval in the spiral feeding direction F drawn.

In such turning with the cutting tool 1, as the trajectory Lo of the cutting edge 2 becomes spiral at a constant angle as described above, flow-type chips are continuously generated by the cutting edge 2. Will be discharged. The continuous chips are wrapped around the work W or the cutting tool body 1a, or entangled with the chuck of the lathe and rotated at a high speed, thereby hindering a smooth cutting operation, and preventing the finished surface of the work W or the cutting blade. 2 is not preferred because of the possibility of damaging it. Therefore,
In order to make it easier to cut or break the chips generated by the cutting edge 2 and to solve such inconveniences, the cutting edge 2 of the cutting tool is sent out in the feed direction F while being vibrated at a high speed in the feed direction of the work W. There has been proposed a cutting method using a vibrating cutting tool for cutting the work W by using a cutting tool.

FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 show an example of a cutting method using such a vibrating cutting tool.
The work W is sent out in the feed direction F while being vibrated in the direction of the axis O of the work W with a constant period along with the cutting tool main body 1a. As means for vibrating the cutting tool body 1a,
For example, the tool body 1a is swingably supported at the center thereof, and a cam rotated by a motor or the like is brought into contact with the rear end of the tool body 1a in the direction of the axis O, or disclosed in JP-A-8-300207. Like the vibrating cutting tool described above, the cutting tool body 1a is provided with a low-rigidity portion that can be elastically deformed, and the portion beyond the low-rigidity portion is intermittently pressed in the direction of the axis O by, for example, a direct-acting actuator. A tool that vibrates the cutting blade 2 at the tip of the cutting tool body 1a can be used.

Here, in the example shown in FIG.
And the vibration of a sine waveform as shown in 1 is made as given bit body 1a, but the locus L of the cutting edge 2, when the locus of the case where vibration is not given to the L _0, the locus L It extends spirally while waving in the feed direction around ₀ . When the amplitude a of this vibration is a = f / 2 as shown in FIG.
The rotation period T, m 'is a split number, when the oscillation period of the bit body 1a i.e. the cutting edge 2 and _{t tota l, 2T = t total} × m' ... (16) ( although, m 'is 1 or more of When the following relationship is satisfied, the locus L of the cutting edge 2 is
0, the feed direction of the spiral locus L (the axis O
Direction), a position A in which the cutting blade 2 swings most in the feed direction F (hereinafter, referred to as a foremost position), and a position swings most backward in the feed direction F (hereinafter, referred to as a forward direction). B) are located so as to overlap each other in the direction of the axis O.

That is, a rearmost position B is located at a position where the circuit W makes a full turn from the frontmost position A on the trajectory L along the trajectory L to the rear side in the rotation direction C along the trajectory L. Therefore, the spiral drawn by the trajectory L of the cutting edge 2 has an interval of 0 in the direction of the axis O in a portion where the leading end position A and the trailing end position B overlap. Therefore, the chips generated by the cutting blade 2 are also divided at this portion. Note that what is shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 is
This is an example where m '= 5. Further, it is not always necessary that the leading end position A and the trailing end position B of the position shifted by one turn overlap, and for example, the amplitude a of the vibration of the cutting edge 2 may be a <f / 2. Since the leading end position A and the trailing end position B are located closest to each other in the circumferential direction and are easily broken, an efficient chip breaking effect can be obtained also in this case.

The surface roughness of the workpiece W during vibration cutting is
In view of the fact that as the feed f increases, the work W deteriorates.
A cutting method as disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 15701 has been proposed. In this cutting method, as shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, the oscillation period t _{tota l} of the cutting edge 2, the locus of the cutting edge 2, the most feed shake in a direction rearward from the most feed direction side shake position T ≒ t _total × m ′, where t _d is the time required to reach the position and t _u is the time required to reach the position swayed most backward in the feed direction from the position swayed most backward in the feed direction. + T _d (17) (where m ′ is 0 or a positive integer). In addition, the vibration of the cutting blade is controlled so that t _d <t _u . According to this cutting method, the work W
For example, every period of the vibration period (t _d- t _u) the period of t _d
The maximum feed f drawn by the cutting blade 2 in order to shift in the circumferential direction
_max is also smaller than the distance from the rearmost position B to the foremost position A described above. Therefore, the surface roughness of the work W can be reduced.

By the way, the cutting method using the vibrating tool as described above is applied to the cutting of the outer peripheral surface M of the work W. However, the cutting method such as the processing of the end face E of the work W, the grooving processing, the parting-off processing, etc. In some cases, a process of feeding the cutting blade 2 in the radial direction with respect to the axis O, which is the rotation center of the workpiece W, may be performed. In this case, the work W
When the rotation speed of the main shaft supporting the shaft is constant, for example, when the end face is cut in the direction of the axis O from the outer peripheral surface side by in-feed cutting, when the cutting edge 2 moves in the direction close to the axis O, the end face is cut. The peripheral speed of the processing surface (the diameter is referred to as the processing diameter), which is the peripheral surface having the radius from the processing point of the cutting edge on E to the axis O, is also reduced. Also in the case of back feed cutting, when the end face is cut from the prepared hole near the axis O in the direction of the outer peripheral surface, the peripheral speed of the processing diameter gradually increases. Therefore, in order to avoid this, in the NC lathe or the like, a so-called peripheral speed constant control for keeping the peripheral speed of the processing surface constant by changing the rotation speed of the work in accordance with the radial feed of the cutting edge 2 may be performed. .

[0009]

However, even when the peripheral speed is controlled to be constant, in such radial vibration cutting, infeed cutting or backfeed cutting is performed by a method of outer peripheral surface cutting using a vibrating tool. Because the machining diameter and the rotational speed of the workpiece change as the radial cutting progresses, the tip of the vibration trajectory deviates from the rearmost position after one rotation, and the chip cannot be properly divided. There was a problem. Even if the cutting can be performed, the machining diameter and the rotation speed of the work change, so the chip length cannot be set properly and the chip length changes greatly, and the chip length is properly controlled. It was difficult to do. In this case, if the chips are too short, there is a problem in that the chips are scattered around and enter into a machine tool such as an NC lathe, thereby hindering the drive of the machine tool, and rubbing the machined surface and the cutting blade. Further, if the chips are too long, there is a problem that the processing surface, the cutting blade, or the like is rubbed or entangled with the machine tool. for that reason,
The method of cutting the outer peripheral surface using a vibrating tool cannot be adopted for cutting in the radial direction.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and provides a cutting method and a cutting apparatus using a vibrating tool that can appropriately perform cutting in a direction in which a processing diameter of a workpiece processing surface changes using the vibrating tool. The purpose is to do. It is another object of the present invention to enable chips to be cut into appropriate lengths when cutting in a direction in which the diameter of a workpiece processing surface changes.

[0011]

A cutting method using a vibrating tool according to the present invention provides a method for cutting a work surface of a workpiece while vibrating a cutting blade provided on the vibrating tool in a feed direction with respect to the workpiece rotating about an axis. This is a cutting method using a vibrating tool that feeds and cuts in the direction in which the processing diameter changes, and controls the rotation speed of the work according to the change in the processing diameter of the work to control the peripheral speed of the processing surface almost constant, The vibration frequency of the vibrating tool is set according to a change in the rotation speed of the vibration tool. When the workpiece is fed and cut in the direction in which the processing diameter changes, the processing diameter gradually changes, so the rotation speed of the work is increased or decreased accordingly to control the peripheral speed of the processing surface almost constant,
The vibration frequency is set to an appropriate value according to the change in the circumferential length of the machined surface, so that the length of chips generated by vibration cutting can be adjusted to a predetermined range regardless of the change in machining diameter, and the chips are too long It is possible to prevent troubles caused by being too short or too short.

Further, the vibration frequency of the vibrating tool may be controlled by adjusting the number of cut chips so as not to exceed a preset maximum vibration frequency. By setting the vibration frequency of the cutting blade due to the excitation near the maximum vibration frequency within a range not exceeding the maximum vibration frequency, the length of chips generated by the vibrating cutting blade can be adjusted to a predetermined range. Moreover, by controlling so as not to exceed the maximum vibration frequency,
The vibration frequency can be suppressed below the capacity of the cutting device of the vibration tool, and safe and stable vibration control can be performed.

In the cutting method using a vibrating tool according to the present invention, the diameter of the machined surface of the workpiece changes while the cutting blade provided on the vibrating tool is vibrated in the feed direction for the workpiece rotating around the axis. This is a cutting method using a vibrating tool that feeds in the direction and cuts the workpiece so that the peripheral speed Vc of the processing diameter di is controlled to be substantially constant regardless of the change in the processing diameter di of the processing surface of the workpiece. ) Is set by the following equation (1): n (φ) = 1000 · Vc / {π (d1-2f · φ / 2π)} (1) where d1: the workpiece processing diameter dif at the start of processing: Feed φ: Main shaft rotation angle In the vibration cycle of the cutting blade, the main shaft rotation angle during the time from when the vibration trajectory of the cutting blade oscillates most in the feed direction to the position swayed most backward in the feed direction is θ. _d and
Assuming that the rotation angle of the main shaft from the position of the last swing in the feed direction to the position of the most swing in the feed direction is θ _u , α = θ _d / (θ _d + θ _u ) (2) From the parameter α (m = 0, 1, 2, 3,...) That determines the number of chips to be cut with respect to the work rotation speed n (φ) and work rotation speed, the constant α obtained by equation (2) The vibration frequency fri of the tool is obtained by the following equation (3): fri = (m + α) n (φ) / 60 (3) The vibration frequency fri is set to a preset maximum vibration frequency fr
It is characterized in that the vibration frequency fri is set by controlling the parameter m so as not to exceed max.
When a workpiece is fed and cut in a direction in which the processing diameter di of the processing surface changes, the processing diameter di gradually changes. Accordingly, the rotational speed of the work is increased or decreased accordingly to control the peripheral speed Vc of the processing surface to be substantially constant. In addition, the vibration frequency n (φ) is set to an appropriate value in accordance with the change in the circumferential length of the processing surface, whereby the length of chips generated by vibration cutting can be adjusted regardless of the change in the processing diameter di. The vibration frequency fri is the maximum frequency frmax
The vibration frequency is controlled to be within a safe range by being set close, and the chip length to be cut can be appropriately controlled.

In the cutting method using the vibration tool according to the third aspect, the following formula (4) may be used as the rotational speed n (φ) of the work instead of the formula (1). n (φ) = 1000 · Vc / {π (d1 + 2f · φ / 2π)} (4) where d1: workpiece processing diameter dif at the start of processing: feed φ: spindle rotation angle In this case, the direction of feed Is in the opposite direction to the above, the length of the chips generated by the vibration cutting can be adjusted irrespective of the change in the processing diameter di, and the vibration frequency fri is the maximum frequency f
The vibration frequency is set near rmax, the vibration frequency is controlled within a safe range, and the chip length to be cut can be appropriately controlled. Further, the vibration waveform of the cutting blade according to the vibration frequency may be such that the position of the workpiece that oscillates most in the feed direction in one rotation and the position that oscillates most backward in the feed direction in the next rotation are close to or overlap with each other. . If the two positions overlap, the chips are reliably separated, and even when the chips are close to each other, the width of the chips is reduced and the chips are easily broken.

[0015] The cutting device using the vibration tool according to the present invention comprises:
A cutting device using a vibrating tool that cuts a workpiece rotating around an axis by feeding the cutting blade provided on the vibrating tool in a feed direction and feeding the workpiece in a direction in which a processing diameter of a workpiece processing surface changes, Rotation speed control means for setting the rotation speed of the work so as to control the peripheral speed of the processing surface according to the change in the processing diameter of the work, and vibration for setting the vibration frequency of the vibrating tool according to the change in the rotation speed of the work Frequency setting means. Even if the machining diameter of the work surface changes due to vibration cutting in the feed direction, the peripheral speed of the work surface is controlled by the work rotation speed and the length of chips generated by controlling the vibration frequency of the cutting blade is appropriate. Can be set to

The vibration frequency of the vibrating tool may be adjusted by controlling a parameter that determines the number of chips to be cut with respect to the workpiece rotation speed so as not to exceed a preset maximum vibration frequency. By setting the vibration frequency of the cutting edge due to the excitation to be close to the maximum vibration frequency within a range not exceeding the maximum vibration frequency, the length of chips generated by the vibrating cutting blade can be adjusted to a predetermined range, and the maximum vibration By controlling so as not to exceed the frequency, the vibration frequency can be suppressed below the capacity of the cutting device, and safe and stable vibration control can be performed. Further, the vibration frequency may be set, for example, one or more times per work rotation. When the change in machining diameter due to vibration cutting is large, the vibration frequency is frequently changed, so that the chip length can be set appropriately regardless of the machining diameter. The change in the chip length is reduced by changing once to a plurality of rotations. Also, the vibration waveform of the cutting blade according to the vibration frequency is set so that the trajectory of the position deviated most in the feed direction in one rotation of the workpiece and the trajectory of the position deviated most backward in the feed direction in the next rotation are close to or overlap with each other. You may. If the two positions overlap, the chips are reliably separated, and the chips are easily broken even when they come close to each other, so that the chips can be easily separated. Note that this method may be used for edge cutting, chamfering, copying, tapering, or the like of a workpiece. The cutting method may be either in-feed cutting or back-feed cutting.

[0017]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention.
5 to FIG. 5, the same reference numerals are used for the same or similar members as the above-described conventional members, and the description is omitted. FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a vibrating cutting tool according to a first embodiment, and FIG. 2 shows a vibration frequency of a vibrating cutting tool per one rotation of a work by end face cutting, and a chip generation state based on a locus of a cutting edge. FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing a chip generation process on an end face of a work as a locus of a cutting edge based on the vibration waveform shown in FIG. 2, and FIG. 4 is performed by a vibrating tool cutting device shown in FIG. FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a procedure for cutting the end face of the work, and FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a waveform including a frequency change point of the vibration frequency per one rotation of the work. In the vibrating cutting tool 10 according to the embodiment shown in FIG.
It is mounted on a support portion 4 of a lathe and is subjected to cutting. A cutting edge tip 3 having a cutting edge 2 provided at the tip is attached to a corner portion of a substantially bar-shaped cutting tool body 1a with a bolt or the like. I have.

A low rigidity portion 5 is formed in the cutting tool main body 1a between a tip end portion having the tip 3 and a base portion mounted on the support portion 4. The low-rigidity portion 5 has the same configuration as that disclosed in, for example, the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-300207, and the rigidity is reduced by, for example, forming a hole inside. Then, for example, a direct-acting actuator 7 such as a piezo actuator or the like,
The cutting edge 2 of the cutting tool body 1a is vibrated by intermittently pressing the low-rigidity part 5 or the tip end side of this part in the feed direction F substantially parallel to the end face E of the work W. Has become. And the actuator 7 is connected to the vibrating bite control device 8. The NC lathe is provided with a spindle rotation speed controller 9 for controlling the rotation speed n (φ) of the spindle for supporting and rotating the work W. The vibration bite controller 8 and the spindle rotation speed controller 9 are, for example, NC. It is connected to input means 11 provided on the lathe.

The input means 11 includes a feed amount f of the cutting blade 2 per rotation with respect to an end face E of the work W of the vibrating cutting tool 1;
Processing diameter d of cylindrical processing surface of work W at the start of cutting
Among i, the processing axis d1 at the start of processing, the processing end diameter d2, and the main axis rotation angle θd from the extreme position A to the rearmost position B of the cutting edge 2 with respect to the main axis rotation angle θ _total during one cycle of vibration. And the parameter m (m = 0, 1, 2, 3,...) For determining the number of chips to be cut with respect to the number of rotations of the work, the maximum number m _max or the minimum number m _min is set and input. Note that the maximum division number m _max and the minimum division number _mmin are 0 or a positive integer. Here, the feed f of the cutting blade 2 of the vibrating cutting tool 1 is equal to twice the amplitude a of the vibration shown in FIG.
The processing diameter d1 at the start of processing is the maximum outer diameter of the end face E of the workpiece W (diameter of the outer peripheral surface M) in infeed cutting,
In the back feed cutting, an appropriate minute value larger than 0, for example, the inner diameter of the prepared hole e1 coaxial with the axis of the work W. In FIG. 2, the main shaft rotation angle θ during one cycle of the vibration is shown.
_Total position A from cutting edge 2 of cutting edge 2 to _total position B
The ratio α is a constant spindle rotation angle theta _d up to the main shaft Rotation
At the angle θ _total , the spindle rotation angle during the time from the leading edge position A in which the cutting edge 2 oscillates most in the feed direction F to the rearmost position B in which it sways most backward in the feed direction F is θ _d. ,
Assuming that the spindle rotation angle during the time from when the cutting edge 2 reaches the rearmost position B in the feed direction F to the foremost position A in the feed direction F is θ _u , α = θ _d / (θ _d + θ _U ). .. (2) are set.

The spindle rotation speed control device 9 has a feed f
And the previous processing diameter di, the processing diameter d after one rotation of the work
_{i + 1} is set, and the rotation speed control means 12 for calculating the rotation speed n (φ) of the work W for controlling the peripheral speed Vc of the new processing diameter d _{i + 1} to a constant speed, and Machining diameter d _{i + 1}
12a for storing the data, reading it out as needed, and outputting it to the rotation speed control means 12, and driving means 13 for rotating the main shaft based on the obtained main shaft rotation speed n (φ).
And are provided. The vibration tool control device 8 includes
A signal of the spindle rotation speed n (φ) input from the rotation speed control means 12 of the spindle rotation speed control device 9, a signal of a parameter m for determining the number of cut chips with respect to the work rotation speed, and a signal of the spindle rotation angle in one cycle of vibration. A vibration frequency setting means 15 for calculating the vibration frequency fri of the vibration cutting tool 1 based on the signal of the ratio α is provided. The driving means 16 is provided with a waveform generating means 17 for setting a waveform based on the vibration frequency fri input from the vibration frequency setting means 15 and an amplifier 18, and further connected to the actuator 7.

The control device 10 for a vibration tool according to the present embodiment is configured as described above.
A method of cutting the end face E of the workpiece will be described. First, the principle of chip separation in the end face cutting of the work W will be described. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the waveform of the vibration applied to the cutting blade 2 is, for example, a triangular waveform, and the amplitude a of the vibration is set to a ≧ f / 2. Then, in the main shaft rotation angle θ _total during one cycle of the vibration of the cutting edge 2, the last time the cutting edge 2 has swayed most backward in the feed direction F from the foremost position A where it has swayed in the feed direction F side. Spindle rotation angle θ during time to end position B
and _d, the spindle rotation angle theta _u during the time until the cutting edge 2 reaches the next leading edge position A from the rearmost position B, θ _d <θ _u, i.e. have a relationship of θ _d ≠ θ _u, θ _total = θ _d + θ _u (5) Then, in the cycle T of one rotation of the work W, the following expression (6) is satisfied (FIG. 2).
reference). 2π = θ _total × m + θ _d (m = 0, 1, 2,...) (6)

The locus L of the cutting edge 2 of this vibration is given draw the end face E of relatively workpiece W, in the spindle rotation angle theta _total in its rotation cycle, the workpiece W as shown in FIG. 3 Gently extends from the rearmost position B to the feed direction F side, which is a radial direction, toward the rear side in the rotation direction C to reach the foremost position A. After bending at the foremost position A, the rearward in the feed direction F It extends to the side and swings to reach the rearmost position B. Moreover, such a feed direction F
Of the workpiece in the rotation direction C along the trajectory L ₀ while repeating the swinging toward the rear side in the feed direction F and the trajectory Lo of the spiral dashed line drawn when no vibration is applied. Accordingly, the processing diameter di of the processing surface becomes smaller, so that the processing surface forms a spiral shape toward the feed direction F side (the axis O side). Note that the processing diameter di is set by a virtual dashed-dotted line Lo that forms the base line of the waveform of the cutting edge 2.

On this trajectory L, for example, when m = 3 in the equation (6), the cutting edge 2 moves in the feed direction F during one round from the tip position A to the rear in the work rotation direction C. It swings alternately three times and four times backward in the feed direction F.
For this reason, at the position one round from the foremost position A, the rearmost position B which has swung backward in the feed direction F for the fourth time is located. Is equal to or greater than の of the feed f of the workpiece W, the leading end position A and the trailing end position B are in the feed direction F (radial direction of the end face E) and the rotation direction C of the workpiece W (the circumference of the end face E). Direction). Therefore, the chips generated by the cutting blade 2 given such vibration are cut at least three times at the position where the leading end position A and the trailing end position B coincide with each other while the work W makes one round.

Here, in the cutting of the end face E of the work W, both in-feed cutting (see FIG. 3) and back-feed cutting are twice the feed f of the cutting blade 2 for each rotation of the work W. Only the processing diameter di changes. In this embodiment, in-feed cutting is used, and the processing diameter di of the work W is controlled at a constant peripheral speed by the following equation (1). n (φ) = 1000 · Vc / {π (d1-2f · φ / 2π)} (1) where Vc: the peripheral speed of the processing surface having the processing diameter di d1: the workpiece processing diameter diφ at the start of processing: The spindle rotation angle Vc is controlled to be constant irrespective of a change in the processing diameter di. Equation (1) is based on the equation (n = Vc / πd) generally used when calculating the spindle rotation speed, and considers the change in the processing diameter d, and makes the rotation speed n a function of the spindle rotation angle φ. It is. Then, by changing the vibration frequency fri of the cutting blade 2 according to the change in the rotation speed n (φ) of the work W, the relation of the above equation (6) is always obtained for the main shaft rotation angle θ _total during one cycle of the vibration. 2 and FIG. 3
As shown in the figure, with respect to the vibration frequency of the cutting edge 2 per one rotation of the work, each extreme position A in the i-th rotation of the cutting edge 2 is represented by (i
+1) The last end position B of the circumference overlaps the feed direction F and the rotation direction C of the work W.

The vibration frequency fri can be obtained as follows. The main shaft rotation angle during one cycle of the cutting edge vibration is θ
_total , the cutting edge position A where the cutting edge has swung most in the feed direction F
When most feed direction F time of the spindle rotation angle theta _d up to the rearmost position B swings to the rear side from, a condition that satisfies the following equation (6) in order to divide. 2π = θ _total × m + θ _d (m = 0, 1, 2,...) (6)

The equation (1) is derived by the following procedure. In the equation (6) relating to the cycle T of one rotation of the work W,
When the equation (2) is substituted, the following equation (7) is obtained.

(Equation 1) Here, ωsp: main spindle angular velocity t1, t2: time difference for the main spindle gripping the work W to rotate by θ _total. Also, if ωh is the angular velocity of the vibration of the vibration tool 1,

(Equation 2) And according to equations (7) and (8)

(Equation 3) A sufficient condition for satisfying the expression (9) is ωh = (m + α) ωsp (10). Also, ωsp (φ) = 2π · 1000 · Vc / {60 · π (d1-2fφ / 2π)} (11) And, when the main shaft rotation speed is n (φ), the following formulas (10) and (11) are used. fri = ωh (φ) / 2π = (m + α) / 2π · ωsp = (m + α) × n (φ) / 60 (3) A parameter m for determining the number of chips to be separated from the workpiece rotation speed by the equation (3). If the vibration frequency fri of the cutting edge 2 is set, each foremost position A of the i-th round and the last end position B of the (i + 1) -th round overlap in the feed direction F and the rotational direction C of the workpiece W, and the processing diameter di. The chip is separated regardless of the change in the rotation speed n (φ) of the workpiece.

Next, a procedure for cutting the end face of the workpiece W based on the above-described chip cutting principle will be described with reference to a flowchart shown in FIG. In the present embodiment, the end face of the workpiece W is cut by infeed cutting, and a vibrating tool is radially moved from the processing diameter di = d1, which is the maximum outer diameter of the end face E of the workpiece W, to the axis O, which is the center of rotation. The cutting edge 2 is vibrated in the feed direction F while feeding 1 to cut the end face E. Vibration is controlled by the actuator 7. Other means for vibrating the cutting blade 2 include, for example, JP-A-8-3002.
As disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 07-2007, a method is used in which the cutting tool body 1a is swingably supported at the center thereof and a cam rotated by a motor or the like is brought into contact with the rear end of the cutting tool body 1a to vibrate. You may. In the rotation of the work W, constant peripheral speed control is performed on a processing surface of the cutting edge 2 having a variable processing diameter di. Input means 11 of NC lathe
As an initial value input to the workpiece, the ratio α between the feed amount f and the main shaft rotation angle of one cycle of vibration is appropriately set, and the processing diameter di of the workpiece W is determined by setting the outer diameter d1 of the end face E to the initial value of the processing surface, The end diameter is defined as the inner diameter d2 of the prepared hole e1, and the parameter m for the number of divisions
Sets an appropriate maximum number of divisions m _max in advance. Note that the minimum value of m is 0. The maximum vibration frequency f of the vibration tool 1
rmax is previously set to an appropriate value according to the specifications of the amplifier 18 and the vibration tool 1.

In the flowchart shown in FIG. 4, at the start of cutting, machining is started in the spindle rotation speed control device 9 of the NC lathe in step 101, and a vibration command signal is output to the vibration tool control device 8 of the vibration tool 1 (step 2).
01). In the spindle rotation speed control device 9, the initial value of the spindle rotation angle φ input at the time of starting is 0 °, and the initial value of the processing diameter di is the maximum value d1. In step 102, the rotational speed of the work, that is, the spindle rotational speed n (φ) is obtained by the equation (1) and is output to the vibration bite controller 8. In step 103, di (here, d1) is calculated from the machining end diameter d2. If it is larger, the main shaft rotation angle φ is incremented by the minute rotation angle Δφ (step 104), and the newly set main shaft rotation angle φ becomes 2pφ (p = 1, 2,
3), that is, when the main shaft is less than one rotation, the flow returns to step 102 to calculate the main shaft rotation speed n (φ) at the main shaft rotation angle φ. This operation is repeated, and when the spindle rotation angle φ reaches 2pφ, that is, every one rotation of the spindle, a signal is output from step 105 to the vibration bite controller 8. Note that the spindle rotation speed n (φ) calculated by the equation (1) in step 102 is constant because the peripheral speed Vc of the processing surface is controlled to be constant regardless of the change in the processing diameter di of the work W. The cutting speed) Vc (m / min) is calculated so as to be constant. The spindle rotation speed n (φ) is input to the driving means 13 and the rotation of the spindle supporting the work W is controlled to n (φ) by a motor (not shown).

On the other hand, the vibration bite control device 8 receives a command from the NC lathe (step 201) and sets the parameter m for determining the number of chips to be cut with respect to the workpiece rotation speed to the maximum value m.
_max (Step 202), and the main shaft rotation speed n (φ) output from the rotation speed control means 12 is detected by the vibration frequency setting means 15 (Step 203).
By substituting m (= m _max ) and n (φ) as parameters into the equation, the vibration frequency fri at the processing diameter di of the workpiece W is calculated by the vibration frequency setting means 15 (step 20).
4). The obtained vibration frequency fri is compared with a preset maximum vibration frequency frmax (step 2).
05). The vibration frequency fri is the maximum vibration frequency frmax
If it is less than or equal to
The vibrating cutting tool 1 is vibrated (step 206).
If the vibration frequency fri is higher than the maximum vibration frequency frmax, except when m = 0 (step 207).
The parameter m is decremented by one with the pointer (step 208), and the vibration frequency fri is calculated again (step 204). And the obtained vibration frequency fri
This is repeated until is less than or equal to the maximum vibration frequency frmax. If m = 0 in step 207, the vibration frequency fri is set to the maximum vibration frequency frmax (step 209), and the vibration tool 1 is vibrated.

When the vibration frequency fri of the vibrating cutting tool 1 is set, the processing surface, which is the peripheral surface of the processing diameter di of the end surface E of the work W that is driven to rotate at the rotation speed n (φ) about the axis O, vibrates. Vibration cutting is continuously performed for one rotation of the work W at the frequency fri (step 210). When the workpiece W makes one rotation, the spindle rotation angle φ = 2pπ (p = 1, 2, 2,
3) is input to the vibration frequency setting means 15 from the rotation speed control means 12 for each revolution of the main shaft (step 210). In response to this, the processing returns to step 202 to reset the parameter m for the number of divisions to m _max again. , A new spindle rotation speed n (φ) is detected (step 203), and the vibration frequency fri is reset (step 204) to perform vibration cutting (steps 206 and 209). When the in-feed cutting of the work W is performed in this manner, the processing diameter di of the end face E is reduced by the feed f × 2 for one rotation of the work by the cutting for each rotation of the spindle. Here, the processing diameter di of the workpiece W is determined by the rotation speed control means 12 of the NC lathe in accordance with the change in the main shaft rotation angle φ in relation to the equation (1) as follows: di = d1-2f１φ / 2π ( 12) is set by Then, when the processing diameter di decreases due to the vibration cutting of the work W and di ≦ d2, the cutting processing ends (106).

In the above description, when the workpiece W is vibrated by the cutting blade 2 while rotating, the i-th rotation (i = 1, i = 1)
The leading edge position A of the locus of the cutting edge 2 of (2, 3,...) And (i +
1) The last end position B of the trajectory of the cutting edge 2 in the lap is overlapped when the parameter m of the chip cutting frequency in the ith lap and the (i + 1) lap is equal to each other, and in the (i + 1) lap. If the number of divisions has been decreased from m in the previous step to (m-1) in step 208, the last position B in the (i + 1) th round is i
The chips do not overlap with the leading edge position A of the lap and cannot be separated.
However, if the number of divisions in the (i + 2) cycle is (m-1), the leading end position A in the (i + 1) cycle and the rearmost position B in the (i + 2) cycle overlap. Can be divided.

Further, in the end face cutting by the cutting blade 2, i
In the laps and (i + 1) lap, the parameter m becomes 1 in (m-1).
When it changes, the vibration frequency fri does not change continuously, but as shown in FIG.
1) In the cycle T of one rotation in the cycle, the vibration waveform changes at the inflection point q, and the waveform is continuously output before and after the inflection point q. In this case, if the vibration frequency curve is divided and the frequency changes, the voltage changes abruptly, so that an excessive current flows through the actuator 7 and the amplifier 18 may be turned off. In the end face cutting by the cutting blade 2, the parameter m may be changed a plurality of times (for example, k times) between the i-th round and the (i + 1) -th round.
In this case, the period during which the vibration cutting tool 1 vibrates at the vibration frequency fr or frmax in step 210 is a period during which the main shaft rotates 1 / k times. At the same time, in the NC lathe, in step 105, φ = 2pπ / k (p = 1, 2, 3,...)
A signal is output to the vibration control device 8 every time,
Of the vibration frequency fr or frmax is controlled.

Since the cutting of chips occurs every time the vibrating cutting tool 1 vibrates, the cutting is performed fri times per second.
In addition, the processing surface of the processing diameter di of the workpiece W has a constant peripheral speed Vc (m / m
min), the length Lc of the chips cut by the cutting method according to the present embodiment is set as follows: Lc = 1000 · Vc / (60 · fri) (13) Therefore, the length Lc of the chip is the vibration frequency f
The vibration frequency fri increases as the rotational speed n (φ) of the work W increases as shown in the equation (3). However, except for the case where m = 0, the vibration frequency fri is the maximum vibration frequency. To reduce the number m of the number of divisions by reducing the parameter m of the number of divisions so as not to exceed frmax, the magnitude is always adjusted to a value close to the maximum vibration frequency frmax (the maximum vibration frequency frmax when m = 0). ,
The chip length Lc can be controlled within a predetermined range so as not to be too long or too short. Note that even if m = 0, fri> f
In the case of rmax, the cutting conditions cannot be satisfied, so that chips cannot be cut.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, the vibration frequency fr is controlled to a value close to the maximum vibration frequency frmax in relation to the parameter m of the number of divisions. The chips can be surely divided, and when the vibration of the cutting blade 2 is controlled, the chips can be divided and cut into a predetermined range of length Lc, and the generated chips are too long to cut the processing surface, the cutting blade 2 and the like. Scratching and scattering to the surroundings due to being too short can be suppressed.

Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. The end face cutting method of the work W according to the present embodiment is based on back feed cutting. The vibration cutting tool 40 shown in FIG. 6 has a main spindle rotation speed control device 9, a vibration cutting tool control device 8, an input means 11 and the like of the NC lathe except for the arrangement of the vibration cutting tool 1 and the actuator 7, as shown in FIG. Although it has the same configuration as the cutting device 10, it is not shown. In this device 40, the vibrating cutting tool 1 is fed and cut radially outward (in the direction F) from a prepared hole e <b> 1 near the axis O of the end face E of the work W, and the actuator 7 is cut.
Is arranged so as to vibrate the cutting blade 2 in the feed direction F by intermittently pressing the vicinity of the low-rigidity portion 5 from the back side in the feed direction of the cutting tool body 1a.

The cutting method by back-feed cutting will be described with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG. 7, and the same or similar steps as those in the flowchart for in-feed cutting shown in FIG. 4 will be described using the same reference numerals. In the present embodiment, the control performed by the vibrating bite control device 8 is the same as that of the first embodiment, and there is a slight difference in the control performed by the spindle rotation speed control device 9 of the NC lathe. FIG. 7 shows a flow for one rotation of the workpiece W. When the processing start diameter is d1 and the processing end diameter is d2 for the processing diameter di of the workpiece W, d1 <d2.
A processing start diameter d1 equal to the inner diameter of the prepared hole e1 coaxial with the axis O is set as an initial value of the processing diameter di of the cutting edge 2 of the end face E of the workpiece W at the start of processing, and the outer diameter of the end face E is determined as the processing end diameter. d2, and the initial value of the spindle rotation angle φ is set to 0, and the spindle rotation speed n (φ) is calculated in step 301.

At this time, the spindle rotation speed n (φ) is obtained by the following equation (4) since the processing diameter di gradually increases. n (φ) = 1000 · Vc / {π (d1 + 2f · φ / 2π)} (4) where d1: workpiece processing diameter di f at the start of processing: feed φ: spindle rotation angle and vibration frequency setting means 15 At the same time, the processing diameter di is calculated by the following equation (14). di = d1 + 2f · φ / 2π (14) The obtained main shaft rotation speed n (φ) is calculated by the vibration frequency calculating device 9.
Output to In step 302, when the processing diameter di is smaller than the processing end diameter d2 (corresponding to the outer diameter of the end face E in this case), in step 104, φ = φ + Δφ is incremented (step 104), and the added φ is used in step 301. Then, the spindle speed n (φ) is calculated again.
When φ reaches an integral multiple p of 2π, a signal is output to the vibration frequency calculating device 8 and the vibration frequency fri is calculated again by the equation (3) using the main shaft rotation angle φ inputted in step 203 (step 204).

Thus, the spindle rotation angle φ and the processing diameter di
The vibration frequency fri and the parameter m are set for each rotation of the main spindle based on the main spindle rotation speed n (φ) calculated as needed according to the change of the cutting edge 2 so that the cutting edge 2 does not exceed the maximum vibration frequency frmax or frmax. Feed cutting is performed while being vibrated at the vibration frequency fri, and in step 302, di ≧ d2
, That is, when the processing diameter di becomes the same dimension as the outer diameter of the end face E, the end face cutting of the workpiece W ends.
In the back-feed cutting, the number of divisions (parameter m) per one rotation of the spindle may be set to k a plurality of times. In this case, during the period when the vibration cutting tool 1 oscillates at the oscillation frequency fri or frmax in step 210, the spindle is not rotated. 1
/ K rotations. At the same time, in the NC lathe, a signal is output to the vibration control device 8 every time φ = 2pπ / k (p = 1, 2, 3,...) In step 105, and the duration of the vibration frequency in step 210 is controlled. .

As described above, also in the second embodiment, in the end face cutting of the work W by the back feed cutting, the vibration frequency fri is set to the upper limit value corresponding to the peripheral speed constant control of the processing surface having the processing diameter di. Since control is performed by the equation (3) within a range not exceeding the maximum vibration frequency frmax, chips can be surely cut regardless of a change in the processing diameter di. In addition, when the vibration of the cutting blade 2 is controlled, the chips can be cut into pieces having a predetermined length Lc.

In the above embodiment, the vibration tool 1
Of the vibration waveform of the cutting blade 2 from the rearmost position B to the frontmost position A
The time θ _u up to and the time θ _d from the leading end position A to the rear end position B are set as θ _u > θ _d , but may be set as θ _u = θ _d or may be set as θ _u <θ _d . Alternatively, a sine waveform may be set instead of the triangular waveform. Further, in the above-described embodiment, the amplitude a of the cutting edge 2 is set to a ≧ f / 2. Alternatively, a <f / 2 may be set.
In the trajectory of the cutting by, the tip position A and the rear end position B do not overlap, and chips are opened with a narrow width,
Since the chip is easily broken at a narrow portion, the chip can be broken. Further, the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-300207
At least one of the top (top position A) and the bottom (back end position B) of the triangular waveform may be formed flat as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Publication No. H11-260,036. FIG. 8 shows an example of a waveform in which flat portions are formed on both the top and bottom. Thereby, the leading edge position A and the trailing edge position B of the cutting blade 2 on the end face E
Extends in the circumferential direction in a substantially arc shape centered on the axis O, so that chips can be separated even if the cutting trajectory by the cutting edge 2 is shifted in the circumferential direction.

However, if the deviation in the circumferential direction is too large, the leading end position A and the rearmost position B, which is located around the trajectory L from this point, are too large in the circumferential direction of the workpiece W. As a result, the portion of the chip generated by the cutting edge 2 that should be narrowed is greatly widened, cutting is hindered, and there is a possibility that efficient processing of the chip will be hindered. Therefore, to prevent such a situation, the vibration of the cutting edge 2, so that the error is within a range of _± 0.3θ _t otal, _{i.e., 2π-0.3θ total ≦ θ total} × m + θ d ≦ 2π + 0 .3θ _total (15) is desirably controlled to be satisfied.

In the present invention, the peripheral speed Vc of the work W is not necessarily required to be constant, but may be changed gradually according to the processing diameter di and the spindle rotation speed n (φ).
In this case, it is preferable to set the peripheral speed to a gentle change so that the parameter m can be easily set. Further, in the embodiment, the end face cutting of the work W has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to the end face cutting, but may be applied to various radial cutting processes such as profile cutting, parting off, or tapered peripheral surface cutting. Applicable.

[0043]

As described above, the cutting method using the vibrating tool according to the present invention controls the rotational speed of the work in accordance with the change in the work diameter of the work to control the peripheral speed of the work surface substantially constant. Since the vibration frequency of the vibrating tool is set according to the change in the processing diameter or the rotation speed of the work, when feeding and cutting, the vibration frequency is controlled according to the change in the processing diameter or the rotation speed of the work to an appropriate value. With this setting, even if the processing diameter changes due to the cutting, the chips can be surely divided and the range of the chip length can be set appropriately.

Since the vibration frequency of the vibrating tool is controlled so as not to exceed a preset maximum vibration frequency, the length of chips generated by the vibrating cutting blade can be adjusted within a predetermined range. In addition, the vibration frequency can be suppressed below the capacity of the control device of the vibration tool, and safe and stable vibration control can be performed.

Further, the cutting method using the vibrating tool according to the present invention rotates the work such that the peripheral speed Vc of the work surface having the work diameter di is controlled to be substantially constant regardless of the change in the work diameter di of the work surface of the work. The speed n (φ) is set by the equation (1), and in the vibration period of the cutting edge, the constant α obtained by the equation (2), the rotation speed n (φ) of the work, and the number of cuts of chips with respect to the work rotation speed are calculated. The parameter m to be determined (m = 0, 1, 2,
..), The vibration frequency fri of the vibrating tool was obtained by equation (3), and the parameter m of the number of divisions was controlled so that the vibration frequency fri did not exceed the preset maximum vibration frequency frmax, and the vibration frequency fri was set. Thus, the vibration frequency of the vibration tool can be safely controlled, and at the same time, the length of the chips to be cut is appropriately controlled. In the cutting method using the vibrating tool according to the third aspect, the rotational speed n of the workpiece is
(Φ) is obtained by using equation (4) instead of equation (1),
Similarly, the length of chips generated by vibration cutting can be adjusted irrespective of the change in the processing diameter di, and the vibration frequency fri is set close to the maximum frequency frmax, the vibration frequency is controlled within a safe range, and the length of the chips to be cut is also determined. Can be properly controlled.

The cutting device using the vibration tool according to the present invention comprises:
Rotation speed control means for setting the rotation speed of the work so as to control the peripheral speed of the processing surface according to the change in the processing diameter of the work, and the vibration frequency of the vibrating tool according to the change in the processing diameter or the rotation speed of the work Since the vibration frequency setting means is provided, even if the processing diameter of the work surface changes due to the vibration cutting in the feed direction, the peripheral speed of the work surface is controlled by the work rotation speed and the vibration frequency of the cutting edge is controlled. Thus, the length of the generated chips can be set appropriately.

The vibration frequency of the vibrating tool is adjusted by controlling a parameter for determining the number of chips to be cut with respect to the workpiece rotation speed so as not to exceed a preset maximum vibration frequency. By setting the frequency close to the maximum vibration frequency within the range not exceeding the maximum vibration frequency, the length of chips generated by the vibrating cutting edge can be adjusted to a predetermined range and controlled so as not to exceed the maximum vibration frequency By doing so, the vibration frequency can be suppressed below the capacity of the cutting device, and safe and stable vibration control can be performed. In addition, since the vibration frequency is set to one or more times per one rotation of the workpiece, when the change in the processing diameter due to the vibration cutting is large, the vibration frequency is frequently changed so that the chip length does not depend on the processing diameter. If the change in machining diameter is small, the change in the chip length can be reduced by changing the vibration frequency once per rotation. Also, the vibration waveform of the cutting blade due to the vibration frequency is set so that the locus of the position that swayed most in the feed direction in one rotation of the workpiece and the trajectory of the position that swayed most backward in the feed direction in the next rotation approach or overlap with each other. Therefore, if the two positions overlap, the chip is reliably separated, and even when the chips are close to each other, the width of the chip is reduced and the chip is easily broken, so that the chip can be easily separated.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a vibration cutting tool cutting device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 shows a vibration waveform of a vibrating cutting tool per one rotation of a workpiece, and is a schematic development view schematically showing a chip generation state based on a trajectory of a cutting blade.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a chip generation state based on a vibration waveform by in-feed cutting on an end face of a work by a locus of a cutting edge.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a procedure of cutting an end face of a work when performing infeed cutting by the vibrating cutting tool shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a vibration waveform including a frequency change point per work rotation.

FIG. 6 is a partial configuration diagram of a vibration cutting tool cutting device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a procedure of cutting an end face of a workpiece when performing back feed cutting by the vibration cutting tool shown in FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 shows a modified example of the vibration waveform of the vibration cutting tool per one rotation of the work.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a peripheral surface cutting state when the cutting blade is not vibrated.

FIG. 10 shows an amplitude a using a sine waveform as a vibration waveform.
Is a diagram showing a conventional method for cutting a peripheral surface by using a vibrating cutting tool in which a = f / 2 with respect to a feed f.

11 is a view showing a vibration waveform given to a cutting edge in the conventional cutting method using a vibrating tool shown in FIG.

FIG. 12 is a view showing a conventional cutting method using a vibrating cutting tool in which a triangular waveform is used as a vibration waveform, and amplitude a is f = 2 with respect to feed f.

13 is a diagram showing a vibration waveform given to a cutting edge in the cutting method shown in FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Vibration bite 2 Cutting blade 7 Actuator 8 Vibration frequency control device 9 Rotation speed calculation device 10, 40 Cutting device 12 Rotation speed control means 15 Vibration frequency setting means W Work E End face

 ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuing from the front page (72) Inventor Taro Abe 1511 Furamagi, Ishishita-cho, Yuki-gun, Ibaraki Prefecture F-term in the Tsukuba Works, Mitsubishi Materials Corporation 3C045 AA01 AA08 EA04 EA20

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. A vibrating tool for cutting a workpiece rotating around an axis by feeding a cutting blade provided on the vibrating tool in a feed direction while feeding the cutting blade in a direction in which a processing diameter of a processing surface of the work changes. A cutting method, comprising: controlling a rotation speed of the work in accordance with a change in a processing diameter of a work surface of the work, controlling the peripheral speed of the work surface to be substantially constant, and responding to a change in the rotation speed of the work. A cutting method using a vibrating tool, wherein the vibration frequency of the vibrating tool is set by setting. 2. The vibration tool according to claim 1, wherein the vibration frequency of the vibration tool is controlled by adjusting the number of chips to be cut so as not to exceed a preset maximum vibration frequency. Cutting method using a vibrating tool. 3. A vibrating tool for cutting a workpiece rotating around an axis by feeding a cutting edge provided on the vibrating tool in a feed direction while vibrating the cutting blade provided on the vibrating tool in a feed direction. A cutting method, wherein a rotation speed n (φ) of the work is calculated by the following equation (1) so that the peripheral speed Vc of the work diameter di is controlled to be substantially constant regardless of a change in the work diameter di of the work surface of the work. ), And n (φ) = 1000 · Vc / {π (d1-2f · φ / 2π)} (1) where d1: workpiece processing diameter dif at the start of processing: feed φ: spindle rotation angle in the vibration cycle of the cutting blade, the vibration locus of the cutting edge is most spindle rotation angle of the time of the the feed direction side shake position to the most feed position deflected in a direction rearward and theta _d, and , From the position that swings most backward in the feed direction, When the spindle rotation angle of the time up to the position swung to the side and the theta _u, as _{α = θ d / (θ d} + θ u) ... (2), (2) the resulting constants alpha and in formula From the rotational speed n (φ) of the work and a parameter m (m = 0, 1, 2,...) That determines the number of chips to be cut with respect to the work rotational speed, the vibration frequency fri of the vibrating tool is obtained by the following equation (3). = (M + α) n (φ) / 60 (3) The maximum vibration frequency fr in which the vibration frequency fri is set in advance
controlling the parameter m so as not to exceed max
A cutting method using a vibration tool, wherein the vibration frequency fri is set. 4. The vibration method according to claim 3, wherein the rotational speed n (φ) of the work uses the following equation (4) instead of the above equation (1). Cutting method with a tool. n (φ) = 1000 · Vc / {π (d1 + 2f · φ / 2π)} (4) where d1: workpiece processing diameter dif at the start of processing: feed φ: spindle rotation angle 5. The vibration waveform of the cutting blade according to the vibration frequency is such that the position of the workpiece that has been swung most in the feed direction in one rotation and the position that has been swung most in the feed direction in the next rotation are close to or overlap with each other. A cutting method using the vibrating tool according to claim 1. 6. A vibrating tool for cutting a workpiece rotating around an axis by feeding a cutting blade provided on the vibrating tool in a feed direction while feeding the same in a direction in which a processing diameter of a processing surface of the work changes. A cutting device, a rotation speed control unit that sets a rotation speed of the work so as to control a peripheral speed of the work surface in accordance with a change in a processing diameter of the work surface of the work; A vibration frequency setting means for setting a vibration frequency of the vibration tool according to the change. 7. The vibration frequency of the vibrating tool is adjusted by setting a parameter that determines the number of chips to be cut with respect to the workpiece rotation speed so as not to exceed a preset maximum vibration frequency. A cutting device using the vibration tool according to 6. 8. The vibration waveform of the cutting blade according to the vibration frequency is such that the trajectory of the position that swayed most in the feed direction in one rotation of the workpiece and the trajectory of the position that swayed most backward in the feed direction in the next rotation are close The cutting device using a vibrating tool according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the cutting device is configured to overlap or overlap.