JP2001147006A - Waste incinerator - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a waste incinerator capable of completely burning a waste without generating harmful substances such as dioxins or the like. SOLUTION: The waste incinerator comprises a pretreating means A for treating a waste without generating harmful substances when burned, an incinerating means B for completely burning the waste and having incinerating furnaces 5, 20 for burning the waste while allowing the waste to flow.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a waste incineration apparatus capable of incinerating waste such as sludge and garbage without generating harmful substances.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Waste such as sludge and garbage is treated by fermentation or combustion by microorganisms, but incineration is widely used from the viewpoint of treatment efficiency. On the other hand, used liquid waste such as PCB-containing transformer oil, when incinerated as it is, generates a large amount of dioxin. Therefore, it is currently packed in a drum or the like and stored in a storage.

[0003]

However, in the conventional incineration of garbage and the like, incineration is performed at a high temperature in order to prevent the generation of harmful substances, but the heat still does not reach the entire waste. Therefore, it is difficult to uniformly burn the waste, and there has been a problem that harmful substances such as dioxin are generated by incomplete combustion. Further, when the transformer oil containing PCB is put into a drum or the like and stored in a storage, there is a problem that a large amount of management cost and labor are required. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a practically useful waste incinerator that has solved the above-mentioned problems of the prior art.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention is configured to perform a treatment that does not generate harmful substances in the waste when the waste is incinerated.

Further, in the present invention, the waste is incinerated uniformly while flowing while changing the direction of the waste.

[0006]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. Referring to FIG. 1, the concept of the present invention is illustrated. As shown in FIG. 1, the present invention includes a pretreatment unit A for pretreating waste and an incineration unit B for incinerating waste.

[0007] The pretreatment means A is a means for eliminating the generation of harmful substances before burning and incinerating waste such as sludge and garbage. For example, in the case of sludge, a cake is formed by dehydration and drying, and the cake is subjected to an oil bath treatment of fried with oil so as to be easily burned (a treatment for preventing generation of harmful substances). In the case of garbage, a treatment for cutting off the generation of harmful substances is performed by pulverizing, adding an alkali substance, for example, sodium hydroxide, and mixing. That is, when garbage added with sodium hydroxide is burned at a certain temperature, chlorine (Cl) in the waste, which is a cause of dioxin generation, and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) react to form harmless NaCl (salt), and dioxin is generated. Is completely eliminated.

Next, the waste is put into the fluidized incinerator B,
The waste is uniformly burned while flowing into the furnace space.
Further, the present invention has a post-processing means C for taking measures to render exhaust gas and slag harmless after combustion. Exhaust gas is processed as harmful substances and dust contained in the exhaust gas in an exhaust gas treatment facility, and emitted as harmless gas. On the other hand, slag is melted, and even if it contains harmful substances, it is sealed to form building materials and taken out.

FIG. 2 shows a specific configuration of the waste incinerator according to the present invention. First, sludge and other waste are dehydrated and dried to make a cake. The cake put into the cake hopper 1 is conveyed to a cake stocker 2 and formed into an appropriate shape by a forming machine 3. The formed cake is transported to the oil bath 4 where the cake is fried. By the way, this process
It is intended to make waste more flammable and prevent (cut off) the generation of harmful substances. Next, the cake treated in the oil bath is incinerated by incineration means B. This incineration means
It has an incinerator 5 for burning waste while flowing and a plurality of burners 6 for incinerating waste. The incinerator 5 has a funnel-shaped main body 5a, and the burners 6 are arranged on the upper side surface of the main body in multiple stages in the vertical direction. In this incinerator, hot air is sent from above and below the main body, and the cake supplied from the side surface of the main body is burned while rotating and flowing in the furnace space of the main body. Then, the exhaust gas containing the solid matter subjected to the combustion treatment is transported to the secondary combustion cyclone 7 and burned. The exhaust gas generated by the combustion processing of the secondary combustion cyclone 7 is processed by the post-processing means C. That is, it is conveyed to the tertiary combustion furnace 8 where impurities and harmful substances are removed, converted into harmless exhaust gas and discharged from the chimney 9. On the other hand, the slag generated by the combustion processing in the secondary combustion cyclone 7 is sent to the melting processing section 10 of the post-processing means C, and is melted by adding other substances as needed, thereby producing building materials and the like. Removed as harmless product. In FIG. 2, reference numeral 11 denotes a cooling tower, and reference numeral 12 denotes a condenser.

FIGS. 3 and 4 show another embodiment of an incinerator 20 suitable for burning waste such as garbage.
Before burning the waste, as shown in FIG. 1, the waste is firstly pulverized by a pulverizer, and a pretreatment of adding and mixing an alkaline substance, for example, an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide is performed. The combustion furnace 20 is provided with a plurality of jet burners 21. These jet burners are arranged in multiple stages in the vertical direction of the incinerator. The waste introduced from the waste inlet 22 of the incinerator 20 is incinerated while sequentially changing the direction, that is, while rotating or zigzag flowing in the furnace space. At the time when the waste is burned in the incinerator 20, an alkali substance (sodium hydroxide) that cuts off generation of harmful substances may be added from the alkali inlet 24.

The incinerator 20 shown in FIG.
And a secondary incinerator 27 connected to the primary incinerator via a passage 26, and a slag outlet 28 provided below the secondary incinerator. Reference numeral 29 indicates an exhaust port. In the incinerator shown in FIG. 3, the waste put into the furnace from the waste inlet 22 falls while rotating in the primary incinerator 25 and the secondary incinerator 27 by the action of the jet burner 21. It will be incinerated during this turning movement. Therefore, the waste is uniformly and uniformly heated and completely burned. Along with this uniform combustion, the pretreatment or the alkali substance inlet 2 for eliminating the generation of harmful substances as described above
The introduction of the alkaline substance from Step 4 completely prevents the generation of harmful substances, mainly dioxins, when burning waste.

The incinerator 20 shown in FIG.
Has zero. The waste put into the furnace from the waste inlet 22 is incinerated by the jet burner 21 while passing through the zigzag passage. Therefore, the waste is incinerated uniformly. The incinerator is provided with a slag collection chamber 31, a slag outlet 32, and an exhaust port 33.

It should be noted that in the incinerator used in the present invention, no harmful substances are generated by uniform and complete combustion of waste. In particular, chlorine (Cl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) contained in waste, which is a cause of dioxin generation, react at a certain temperature and a certain time in an incinerator to form harmless salt (NaCl),
Dioxin generation is prevented beforehand. The temperature and time suitable for the reaction between chlorine and sodium hydroxide can be set by a controller (not shown). In the above embodiment of the present invention, even at a relatively low combustion temperature (300 ° C. to 700 ° C.), complete combustion can be performed without generating harmful substances.

FIG. 6 shows a burner 50 used in the incinerator of the present invention. The burner has a main nozzle 51, a combustion chamber 52 connected to the main nozzle, and an auxiliary nozzle 53 arranged around the main nozzle 51. An ignition plug 54 is disposed in the combustion chamber 52. Fuel such as kerosene or heavy oil from the fuel supply unit 55 and air from the air supply unit 56 are sent into the combustion chamber, and the air-fuel mixture is ignited by the ignition plug 54, and the fire is caused by the main nozzle 51 and the auxiliary nozzle. Inject from nozzle 53. Reference numeral 57 denotes a flame adjusting handle, reference numeral 58 denotes a water cooling wall, and reference numeral 59 denotes a power supply of the ignition plug. In this burner, the flame sprayed from the auxiliary nozzles prevents carbon from adhering to the outer periphery of the main nozzle, and provides a large combustion power together with the flame from the main nozzle 51. Carbon tends to adhere to the nozzle tip of the conventional burner, which reduces combustion performance and reduces durability. However, in the present invention, as described above, the conventional nozzle is provided by installing an auxiliary nozzle. The disadvantages were improved.

In the nozzle of the present invention, fuel is produced by mixing granular ceramics (active catalyst) with wastes such as plastics (waste plastics), thermally decomposing them, and cooling generated gas by kerosene or heavy oil. It is preferable to use a regenerated fuel obtained by purifying

FIG. 6 shows a waste according to another embodiment of the present invention suitable for incinerating solid waste such as garbage and sludge (sludge after dehydration and drying) and liquid waste such as transformer oil containing PCB. 1 shows an incinerator. The incinerator has an incinerator 100, which is composed of a main body 101, a liquid waste spray port 102 and a slag discharge port 103 provided at a lower portion of the main body.
And a solid waste inlet 10 provided substantially at the center of the main body.
4 and an exhaust gas outlet 105 provided at the upper part of the main body. The liquid waste spray port 102 is used to supply the liquid waste from the line 102a and the alkaline aqueous solution from the line 102a.
b and spray these mixtures. An appropriate transport conveyor 104a is installed at the solid waste input port 104. A side portion of the incinerator 100 is provided with internal projections 106a to 106d protruding inward and corner projections 107a and 107b provided at a lower portion of the main body, and a bent passage (or a spiral passage) is provided in the incinerator. A combustion chamber 108 having an exhaust gas passage composed of The liquid waste spray port 102 for mixing and spraying the combustion emulsion solution and the alkaline aqueous solution at an appropriate ratio has a corner projection 107a.
It is provided inside. A combustion means for uniformly and completely burning the waste is provided. The combustion means includes a burner (first burner) 109 and a second burner 110 which will be described later. The burner is disposed on the corner projection 107b and uses kerosene (or heavy oil) as a fuel to raise the furnace temperature to an atmosphere of 400 ° C. or higher. . A burner (second burner) 110 having a spray port 110a for an alkaline aqueous solution and a fuel spray port 110b for kerosene (or heavy oil) is provided in each of the internal protrusions 106a to 106d. In the incinerator according to the present invention, the slag discharge port 103 is provided with a slag treatment facility 111 for treating slag generated by incineration of solid waste. A scrubber 113 for passing exhaust gas is connected to the exhaust gas outlet 105 via an induction blower 112, and an upper portion of the scrubber 113 has a chimney 1 for exhausting treated gas.
15. On the other hand, a wastewater treatment device 114 for treating wastewater is connected to a lower portion of the scrubber 113 to treat generated wastewater and discharge the treated wastewater. Note that the exhaust gas may be hit with an aqueous alkali solution in the scrubber 113.

In particular, in the case of garbage, it is finely crushed by a crusher or the like before being put into an incinerator, and in the case of sludge, it is dehydrated and dried by a dehydrator or a dryer and crushed by a crusher or the like. Note that solid waste such as garbage and sludge is preferably incinerated with the liquid waste spray port 102 closed. It is preferable to input finely crushed garbage or dehydrated and dried sludge from a solid waste input port 104 provided at the center of the main body. Combustion is the first
Using the burner 109 and the second burner 110, the furnace temperature is set to 400 ° C. to 800 ° C., and at the same time, the second burner 110
From an aqueous alkali solution, for example, an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. The solid waste such as garbage and sludge gently falls down the inclined surface of the internal projection 106d, and is favorably burned in a sodium hydroxide atmosphere. By this combustion, chlorine (Cl) and sodium hydroxide (Na) in the benzene nucleus in the solid waste, which cause dioxin generation,
OH) to form harmless salt (NaCl). In this way, solid waste such as garbage and sludge is incinerated without generating dioxin at all.

In the combustion of the transformer oil containing PCB, the temperature inside the furnace is raised to 400 ° C. or more by a burner (first burner) 109 using kerosene (or heavy oil) as fuel, and the liquid waste is sprayed from the liquid waste spray port 102. This is done by spraying the material into the furnace. This incineration is performed at the solid waste input port 104.
Is performed in a closed state. As a pre-combustion treatment of the transformer oil containing PCB, for example, a mousse-like emulsifier obtained by adding distilled water to a synthetic anionic surfactant solution and stirring the mixture is added to
It is preferable to mix and stir the B-containing transformer oil to form a concentrated emulsion material, and then mix an aqueous alkali solution into the concentrated emulsion material. Note that the alkaline aqueous solution may be mixed with the concentrated emulsion material in advance, or separately, the concentrated emulsion material may be sprayed from one nozzle and the alkaline aqueous solution may be sprayed from another nozzle. First, a combustion chamber 108 in an incinerator is burned by a burner (first burner) 109.
The inside is made into a temperature atmosphere of 400 ° C. or more, preferably 500 ° C. to 600 ° C. Next, the concentrated emulsion material and the aqueous alkaline solution are sprayed from the liquid waste spray port 102. When the emulsion material and the alkaline aqueous solution are placed in an atmosphere at a temperature of 500 ° C. to 600 ° C. in the incinerator, the benzene nucleus of the PCB in the concentrated emulsion material is in a state of being separated. The combustion exhaust gas has internal projections 106d to 106a.
Ascending while detouring the slope of. During this combustion, the PCB
The chlorine (Cl) of the benzene nucleus in the incoming trans oil reacts with the sodium (NaOH) in the sodium hydroxide,
Tightly tied into NaCl (salt). As a result, no dioxin is generated. As a result, the remaining scum after combustion is salt, carbon dioxide, and water vapor, and does not cause pollution by harmful substances. In this way, the transformer oil containing PCB can be incinerated without generating any dioxin.

It should be noted that the incinerator in this embodiment can completely burn any waste, solid or liquid, without producing harmful substances. In particular, transformer oil containing PCB can be burned without producing any harmful substance called dioxin.

[0020]

As described above, according to the present invention, the waste is easily burned during combustion by the pretreatment in the oil bath. Then, in the fluidized incinerator, the heat is uniformly distributed over the entire waste and is uniformly burned, and even at a relatively low combustion temperature, it can be completely and uniformly burned, and does not generate harmful substances. In particular, in the case of performing dioxin generation prevention treatment by sodium hydroxide addition treatment during the pretreatment, the base (Cl) contained in the waste and sodium (Na) of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) chemically react, It becomes salt (NaCl), the base (Cl) in the waste disappears, and harmful substances such as dioxin do not occur reliably. After the combustion treatment, the exhaust gas and the slag are released as non-polluting exhaust gas by a post-treatment of taking measures to render them harmless, while the slag can be regenerated as building material. Further, in the present invention, there is a real benefit that incineration can be performed from solid waste to liquid waste without generating harmful substances such as dioxin.
In particular, there is an advantage that the transformer oil containing PCB can be treated in a short time without causing pollution.

The present invention is not limited to garbage and sludge,
It can be effectively used for incinerating livestock manure, waste oil other than transformer oil containing PCB, plastic and rubber products, and the like.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a process diagram showing the concept of a waste incinerator according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a specific overall configuration diagram of a waste incineration apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing another embodiment of the incinerator used for the waste incinerator according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing still another embodiment of the incinerator used for the waste incinerator according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a partially sectional side view of a burner used in the waste incinerator according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a partially sectional configuration view showing an embodiment of a waste incinerator capable of burning both solid waste and liquid waste.

[Explanation of symbols]

A: Pre-treatment means B: Incineration means C: Post-treatment means 1: Cake hopper 2: Cake stocker 3: Molding machine 4: Oil bath 5: Incinerator 20: Incinerator 21: Jet burner 25: Primary combustion furnace 27: Two Next combustion furnace 30: Zigzag passage 50: Burner 51: Main nozzle 52: Auxiliary nozzle 100: Incinerator 101: Main body 102: Liquid waste spray port 103: Slag discharge port 104: Solid waste input port 105: Exhaust gas exhaust port 109: 1st burner 110: 2nd burner

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) F23G 5/16 ZAB F23G 7/00 ZAB 5/44 ZAB 102C 7/00 ZAB B09B 3/00 ZAB 102 303J 303M F-term (reference) 3K065 AA11 AB01 AC01 AC02 AC06 BA10 CA02 CA04 CA10 CA20 HA02 HA03 HA08 3K078 AA10 BA03 BA26 CA02 CA08 CA18 CA24 4D004 AA02 AA03 AB06 AB07 BA02 CA04 CA13 CA14 CA22 CA28 CA42 CB02 CC05 CC06 4D009 BB00 BB00 BB00 CA14 CA21 DA01 DB40

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A waste incineration apparatus comprising: a pretreatment means for treating waste so that no organic matter is generated during combustion; and a combustion furnace for burning the waste while flowing the waste. 2. The waste incinerator according to claim 1, wherein said pretreatment means includes adding an alkaline substance to the waste. 3. The waste incinerator according to claim 1, wherein said pretreatment means includes raising the waste in an oil bath. 4. The waste incinerator according to claim 1, wherein the incinerator is configured to flow while sequentially changing the direction of the waste. 5. A main body, a solid waste inlet provided at a substantially central portion of the main body, an exhaust gas outlet provided at an upper part of the main body, and a fluid waste provided at a lower part of the main body. An incinerator having a spray port and an exhaust gas passage arranged from the fluid waste spray port to the exhaust gas outlet through the solid waste input port; and A plurality of combustion means for preventing the generation of substances, wherein the exhaust gas passage is configured such that the exhaust gas travels while changing its direction, and the combustion means is configured to change the direction of the exhaust gas. A waste incinerator characterized by being disposed in an exhaust gas passage so as to burn exhaust gas at a position where the waste gas is burned.