JP2001133255A - Building height measuring method and apparatus thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a building height measuring method and an apparatus thereof which is capable of measuring the heights of buildings in large quantities. SOLUTION: A mobile station 10 located at a survey point from which a specified building under survey can looked out is provided with a digital camera 12, a GPS 15 and a transceiver 17 for transmitting the angle θ making the horizontal plane of the camera which takes the top of the specified building at the camera 12 center, the latitude-longitude data of the survey point measured by the GPS 15, and image data of a plurality of other buildings that the camera 12 photographs including the specified building. A fixed station 30 installed on the top of the specified building is provided with a GPS 35, a transceiver 37 for receiving the data group transmitted from the mobile station 10, and a measurement controller 36 for obtaining the heights of the specified building and other buildings by operations using the latitude-longitude data of the top of the specified building measured by the GPS 35 and data of a geographical information system.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for measuring the height of a building.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a surveying method for measuring the height of a building by drawing, triangulation, or the like has been widely known.

[0003]

However, in the above survey method, the surveyor had to grasp the measurement data one by one, and the survey could not be easily conducted. Further, the need for a three-dimensional map information system requires detailed three-dimensional data.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for measuring the height of a building, which can easily and easily measure the height of the building.

[0005]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, an invention according to claim 1 of the present invention is a method for measuring the height of a building, the method comprising the steps of: At a point, an imaging unit is installed, and the angle from the horizontal plane of the imaging unit when the vertex of the specific building is captured at the center point of the imaging unit is determined, and the position data of the survey point and the position data of the specific building are obtained. Determining the horizontal distance between the surveying point and the specific building, calculating the height of the specific building by calculation using the obtained horizontal distance and the angle from the horizontal plane of the obtained imaging means, and calculating a plurality of other According to the imaging data of the imaging means obtained by imaging the building by the imaging means,
Determine the ratio of the height on the image of the specific building and the height on the image of the other building, the position data of the surveying point and the position data of each other building, the horizontal position between the surveying point and each other building Obtain the distance, the distance between the survey point and each other building, the obtained height data of the specific building, and the ratio of the height on the image of the specific building and the height on the image of the other building, The height of the building is obtained by calculation.

According to the above method, the height of a specific building is obtained, and the height of another building is obtained from the height data of this specific building and the image data of another building including the specific building.
A large amount of height data of the building to be photographed is easily measured. The invention according to claim 2 is the invention according to claim 1, wherein the three-dimensional image file is obtained by adding the height data of the specific building and other buildings obtained to the data of the geographic information system. And displaying a three-dimensional landscape image of the specific building and other buildings based on the file.

According to this method, by combining the data of the geographical information system and the height data of the building, 3
A three-dimensional image file to which three-dimensional coordinates are added is obtained. With this three-dimensional image file, a realistic three-dimensional landscape image can be obtained, and a simulation and navigation system can be easily created. The invention according to claim 3 is the invention according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the position data of the surveying point is measured by installing a wide-area positioning system at the surveying point or a geographic information system. The location data of a specific building can be obtained by specifying this survey point, and a wide-area positioning system can be installed at the top of the specific building to measure, or the specific building can be specified by a geographic information system. Is what you do.

According to this method, the position data of the survey point and the position data of the specific building are obtained by the wide area positioning system or the geographic information system. The invention according to claim 4 is an apparatus for measuring the height of a building, wherein the imaging means is arranged at a surveying point overlooking a specific building to be surveyed, and a vertex of the specific building is a center point of the imaging means. Adjusting means for adjusting the imaging means so as to capture the horizontal distance between the surveying point and the specific building based on the position data of the surveying point and the position data of the specific building, and adjusting the obtained horizontal distance and the adjusting means. By the angle data from the horizontal plane of the imaging means obtained, the height of the specific building is obtained by calculation, including the specific building, the image data of a plurality of other buildings taken by the imaging means, on the image of the specific building, The ratio between the height of the survey point and the height of the other building on the image is calculated, and the distance between the survey point and each of the other buildings is obtained from the position data of the survey point and the position data of each of the other buildings. Calculating means for calculating the height of another building based on the distance from the object, the height data of the obtained specific building, and the ratio of the height of the specific building on the image to the height of the other building on the image; It is characterized by the following.

According to the above configuration, the height of the specific building is obtained, and the height of the other building is obtained from the height data of the specific building and the image data of another building including the specific building.
A large amount of height data of the building to be photographed is easily measured. According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the fourth aspect of the present invention, the image display means is provided, and the arithmetic means adds the heights of the specific building and the other buildings obtained to the data of the geographic information system. A three-dimensional image file is formed by adding data, and three-dimensional landscape image data of a specific building and other buildings is formed based on the file, and is output to the image display means and displayed. is there.

According to the above configuration, by combining the data of the geographic information system and the height data of the building, 3
A three-dimensional image file to which three-dimensional coordinates are added is obtained, and a more realistic landscape image is displayed on the image display means from three-dimensional landscape image data based on the three-dimensional image file. Simulation and navigation systems can be easily created.

The invention according to claim 6 is the invention according to claim 4 or claim 5, wherein the first wide-area positioning system is installed at the surveying point, and the second wide-area positioning system is installed at the top of the specific building. Is installed, the position data of the surveying point is measured by the first wide-area positioning system, and the position data of the specific building is measured by the second wide-area positioning system.

According to the above configuration, the position data of the surveying point and the position data of the specific building are respectively obtained by the wide area positioning system. The invention according to claim 7 is the invention according to claim 4 or claim 5, wherein the calculation means obtains the position data of the surveying point by designating the surveying point in the geographic information system, and obtains the specific building. Is obtained by designating a specific building in the geographic information system.

According to the above configuration, the position data of the surveying point and the position data of the specific building are obtained by the geographic information system.

[0014]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a three-dimensional landscape image display method according to an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, 1, 2 and 3 are buildings to be surveyed, a and b are measurement points, and a measurement point a (an example of a survey point) has a height Ha.
At (m), a digital camera (to be described in detail later) of the mobile station is installed. The measurement point b is the vertex of the building 2 (an example of a specific building), is located at a distance Db (m) from the measurement point a, and has a height Hb at the top of the building 2 on the measurement point a side.
A fixed station, which will be described later, is located at (m).

In FIG. 1, d1 (m) is a measurement point a
Is the distance from the building 1 to the building 1, h1 (m) is the height of the building 1, θ
Is the angle (degree) from the horizontal plane when the measurement point b is captured at the camera center point by the digital camera installed at the measurement point a. 2 and 3 show the configurations of the mobile station 10 and the fixed station 30. First, the mobile station 10 will be described.

The mobile station 10 has a mobile station body 11 composed of a box.
A digital camera (an example of an image pickup unit) 12 having a lens for displaying a center point; and an adjustment mechanism (a horizontal direction) and an angle (vertical direction) of the camera provided at the bottom of the digital camera 12 for adjusting the camera direction (horizontal direction). An example of adjustment means) 13 and a wide-area positioning system (G
PS) antenna 14.

In the mobile station body 11, a GPS device 15 connected to an antenna 14 and a control device for the digital camera 12 connected to the digital camera 12 and its adjusting mechanism 13 are provided.
There are provided a transceiver 16, a transceiver 17 composed of a wireless device or a PHS, and a power supply device 18 for supplying power to the above devices. In addition,
The digital camera 12 and its adjustment mechanism 13 are configured to be detachable from the mobile station main body 11 and housed in the mobile station main body 11.

The digital camera control device 16 comprises a controller 21 composed of a computer, an adjustment button 22 composed of a direction button for inputting the direction of the adjustment mechanism 13 and an angle button for inputting an angle, and a liquid crystal display device 23. Digital camera 12, its adjustment mechanism 13,
The GPS device 15, the transceiver 17, the adjustment button 22, and the liquid crystal display device 23 are connected.

The controller 21 has the following functions. 1. When the measurement start signal output from the fixed station 30 is input from the transceiver 17, the device is started, and the following functions are executed.
Function to stop the device when a measurement stop signal is input. 2. A function of outputting a mechanism control signal for the direction and angle of the digital camera 12 to the adjustment mechanism 13 in response to the input of the adjustment button 22. With this function, the adjustment mechanism 13 continues to operate by continuously pressing the adjustment button 22, and stops when released. 3. A function of outputting image data captured by the digital camera 12 to the liquid crystal display device 23 for display. 4. A correction function for inputting the longitude and latitude data of the position of the antenna 14 measured by the GPS device 15 and correcting the longitude and latitude data to the longitude and latitude data of the position of the digital camera 12 (hereinafter referred to as survey point position data). The correction can be performed by setting the direction of the main body 11 to be constant (for example, northward) and horizontally, and setting the distance L between the antenna 14 and the horizontal plane of the digital camera 12 in advance. 5. The survey point position data (longitude / latitude data), the preset center height Ha (m) of the digital camera 12, and the adjusted data of the angle θ of the digital camera 12 from the horizontal plane are collectively output to the transceiver 17. Function to transmit to the fixed station 30.

The transceiver 17 receives the measurement start signal and the measurement stop signal output from the fixed station 30 and
The digital camera 12 outputs the image data input from the digital camera 12, the survey point position data input from the controller 21, the center height Ha (m) of the digital camera 12, and the adjusted angle θ of the digital camera 12. They are transmitted to the fixed station 30 in a lump.

Next, the fixed station 30 will be described. Fixed station
Reference numeral 30 denotes a fixed station main body 31 formed of a box, and a liquid crystal display device foldable inside the fixed station main body 31 (an example of an image display unit).
The fixed station main body 31 includes a foldable GPS antenna 33 and a keyboard 34. A GPS device 35 connected to an antenna 33 in the fixed station main body 31;
Measurement control device (an example of calculation means) 36, radio equipment and PHS
And a power supply device 38 for supplying power to each of the above devices.

A liquid crystal display device 32, a keyboard 34, a GPS device 35, and a transceiver 37 are connected to the measurement control device 36, and a computer 39 and a geographic information system @GIS (Ge
ographic Information System
em @ is composed of a database 40. The data stored in the GIS database 40 is obtained by adding position information (such as latitude and longitude) and attribute information (such as the name and address of a graphic) to graphic information on a map.

The measurement control device 36 has the following functions. 1. According to the preset operation input of the keyboard 34,
A function of outputting the measurement start signal and the measurement stop signal to the mobile station 10 via the transceiver 37. 2. A function of outputting image data of the digital camera 12 input via the transceiver 37 to the liquid crystal display device 32 for display. 3. Image data of the digital camera 12 input via the transceiver 37, location data of the surveying point, and the digital camera 12
The distance Db () between the measurement point a and the measurement point b is obtained from the data of the center height Ha (m), the adjusted data of the angle θ of the digital camera 12, and the longitude / latitude data of the position of the antenna 33 measured by the GPS device 35. m), a function of measuring the height Hb (m) of the measurement point b (the building 2), the height h1 (m) of the building 1, and the height h3 (m) of the building 3 (details will be described later).

The transceiver 37 transmits the measurement start signal and the measurement stop signal input from the measurement control device 36 to the mobile station 10, and the mobile station 10 transmits the image data of the digital camera 12 to the mobile station 10.
Data of the center height Ha (m) of the digital camera 12;
The position data of the surveying point and the adjusted data of the angle θ of the digital camera 12 are received and output to the measurement control device.
Hereinafter, the distance Db (m) between the measurement point a and the measurement point b and the measurement point b
The height Hb (m) of (building 2) and the height h1 (m) of building 1
And a method of measuring the height h3 (m) of the building 3 will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. Step-1 The surveyor installs the mobile station main body 11 horizontally at a measurement point a in a predetermined direction (for example, northward) and adjusts the center height of the digital camera 12 to be Ha (m). Further, the fixed station main body 31 is set horizontally at the measurement point b. Step-2 The fixed station 30 is inputted by the operation input of the keyboard 34 by the surveyor.
Then, a measurement start signal is transmitted to mobile station 10. The mobile station 10 is started by the controller 21 in response to the measurement start signal. Step-3 The surveying station position data is measured at the mobile station 10, and the surveying point position data is transmitted to the fixed station 30, and the measurement control device 36 of the fixed station 30 transmits the surveying point position data and the GPS data.
From the latitude and longitude data of the position of the antenna 33 detected by the device 35, the distance Db (m) between the measurement point a and the measurement point b on the plane
Is obtained by calculation. Step-4 The surveyor operates the adjustment button 22 of the mobile station 10 at the measurement point a so that the measurement point b becomes the center point of the digital camera 12 (the liquid crystal display device 23) as shown in FIG. ,adjust. Step-5 The data of the angle θ ゜ from the horizontal plane of the digital camera 12 adjusted in the mobile station 10 and the data of the center height Ha (m) of the digital camera 12 are transmitted to the fixed station 30, and
In the 30 measurement control devices 36, the measurement point b is calculated by the following equation 1 based on the distance Db (m) between the measurement point a and the measurement point b on the plane, the center height Ha (m) of the digital camera 12, and the angle θ ゜. Is calculated and calculated.

Hb = Ha + Db · tanθ (1) Step-6 Next, at the measurement point a, the surveyor operates the adjustment button 22 of the mobile station 10 as shown in FIG. The digital camera 12 (the liquid crystal display device 23) fits at least the height direction images of the measurement point b) and the buildings 1 and 3 so that
Shoot. By this photographing, image data of the digital camera 12 photographed by the mobile station 10 is transmitted to the fixed station 30. Step-7 In the measurement control device 36 of the fixed station 30, the position data of the building designated by the keyboard
The distance d1 between the measurement point a and the building 1 is obtained from the S database 40. Subsequently, the height ratio (fHb: fh1) of the building 2 and the building 1 on the image shown in FIG. 6 is obtained, and the ratio, the distance d1 between the measurement point a and the building 1, and the above-mentioned step-3
The distance Db (m) between the measurement point a and the measurement point b obtained in the step (b) and the height Hb of the building 2 (the measurement point b) obtained in the step -5
According to (m), the height h1 of the building 1 is calculated by the following equation (2).

H1 = Hb × (d1 / Db) × {fh1 / fHb} (2) Equation 2 is obtained as follows. When the height ratio between the building 2 and the building 1 on the image data is obtained, the ratio on the image is represented by (fHb + σ ′): fh1. σ ′ is the height correction on the image when building 2 is at the same distance d1 as building 1 shown in FIG.
Since the value is negligibly small compared to fHb and fh1, it is represented by building 2 on the image: building 1fHb on the image: fh1. As is clear from FIG. 6, fHb: fh1 = {Hb × (d1 / Db) + σ}: h1. σ indicates that the building 2 is the building 1 shown in FIG.
Is the height correction at the same distance d1 as Hb
Since the value is negligibly small as compared with h1 and h1, it is expressed as fHb: fh1 {Hb × (d1 / Db)}: h1. Therefore, Expression 2 for obtaining the height h1 of the building 1 by the deformation is obtained.

H1 = Hb × (d1 / Db) × {fh1 / fHb} (2) Similarly, the height h3 of the building 3 is obtained. Step-8 Next, the height data h1, Hb, h3 (m) of the obtained buildings 1, 2, 3 are added to the GIS database 40, and the three-dimensional image file obtained by adding the three-dimensional position information to the database 40 is obtained. Then, based on the three-dimensional image file, three-dimensional landscape image data of the buildings 1, 2, 3 is formed, and a three-dimensional display screen is displayed as shown in FIG. Thereby, landscape views of the buildings 1, 2, and 3 are obtained. Step-9 The fixed station 30 is input by the operation input of the keyboard 34 by the surveyor.
Then, a measurement stop signal is transmitted to mobile station 10. The mobile station 10 is stopped by the controller 21 in response to the measurement stop signal.

With the above configuration and operation, the height of the building 2 (measurement point b) in which the fixed station 30 is installed can be measured, and at the same time, the heights of the buildings 1 and 3 that can be imaged by the digital camera 12 can be measured. It is easy to measure large quantities. Also, by combining these building height data and the data of the GIS database 40, a three-dimensional image file can be obtained, and thus a change in the landscape caused by the building can be visually simulated on the virtual space of the computer. It is possible to analytically grasp the characteristics of the physical change of the landscape. In addition, a realistic landscape simulation and navigation system using a three-dimensional image file can be easily created, and the cost and time required for creating these systems can be reduced.

In the present embodiment, the GPS device 15,
Although the position data of the measurement points a and b are obtained using the 35, the position data of the measurement points a and b are obtained by specifying the points of the measurement points a and b in the GIS database 40. Is also good. At this time, the fixed station 30 does not need to be installed at the measurement point b, but may be arranged at a position where data can be transmitted and received with the mobile station 10. Or fixed station 30 to mobile station 10
(Combined with a transceiver
17 and 37 become unnecessary).

When the location data of the surveying point (measurement point a) and each building is obtained by designating the point in the GIS database 40, the distance between the surveying point (measurement point a) and each building is obtained. By sequentially adjusting the center of the digital camera 12 to the vertex of the building to be surveyed and calculating the angle θ of the digital camera 12 from the horizontal plane at that time, the height of the building to be surveyed can be easily obtained by Equation 1. Can be.

In this embodiment, the object to be surveyed is a building. However, the present invention can also be used to measure the height of a tall object such as a pole, a tree, a mountain, an island, or the like. A landscape simulation can be performed by forming a three-dimensional image file in the same manner.

[0032]

As described above, according to the present invention, the height of a building can be measured easily and in large quantities, and three-dimensional position information can be obtained.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a three-dimensional landscape image display method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of an apparatus for realizing the same three-dimensional landscape image display method.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an apparatus for realizing the three-dimensional landscape image display method.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating the same three-dimensional landscape image display method.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of the same three-dimensional landscape image display method.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of the same three-dimensional landscape image display method.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of the same three-dimensional landscape image display method.

[Explanation of symbols]

 a Surveying point b Building apex 1, 2, 3 Building 10 Mobile station 11 Mobile station body 12 Digital camera 13 Digital camera adjustment mechanism 14, 33 Antenna 15, 35 GPS device 16 Digital camera control device 17, 37 Transceiver 18, 38 Power supply device 21 Controller 22 Adjustment button 23, 32 Liquid crystal display device 30 Fixed station 31 Fixed station main body 34 Keyboard 36 Measurement control device 39 Computer 40 GIS database

Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Makoto Fujiyoshi 1-7-89 Minami Kohoku, Suminoe-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka F-term in Hitachi Zosen Corporation 5J062 BB08 CC07

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A method for surveying the height of a building, comprising: setting an imaging means at a surveying point overlooking a specific building to be surveyed; and capturing a vertex of the specific building at a center point of the imaging means. The horizontal distance between the surveying point and the specific building is obtained by using the position data of the surveying point and the position data of the specific building. From the angle from the horizontal plane, the height of the specific building is obtained by calculation, and the height of the specific building on the image of the specific building is calculated based on the image data of the image capturing unit including the specific building, including a plurality of other buildings. The height ratio on the image of the building is obtained, and the horizontal distance between the surveying point and each other building is obtained from the position data of the surveying point and the position data of each of the other buildings. Distance between buildings And calculating the height of the other building by calculating the height data of the specific building and the ratio of the height of the specific building on the image to the height of the other building on the image. Height surveying method. 2. A three-dimensional image file is formed by adding the height data of the specific building and other buildings to the data of the geographic information system, and the three-dimensional image file of the specific building and other buildings is formed based on this file. The building height surveying method according to claim 1, wherein a landscape image is displayed. 3. The position data of the surveying point is measured by installing a wide-area positioning system at the surveying point or by specifying the surveying point in the geographic information system, and the position data of the specific building is obtained. 3. The building height surveying method according to claim 1, wherein the measurement is performed by installing a wide-area positioning system at a vertex or by specifying the specific building in a geographic information system. 4. An apparatus for measuring the height of a building, comprising: an imaging unit arranged at a surveying point overlooking a specific building to be surveyed; and an imaging unit configured to capture a vertex of the specific building at a center point of the imaging unit. Adjusting means for adjusting the position data of the surveying point and the position data of the specific building, a horizontal distance between the surveying point and the specific building is obtained, and the obtained horizontal distance and the imaging means adjusted by the adjusting means The height of the specific building is obtained by calculation based on the angle data from the horizontal plane, and the height on the image of the specific building and the other buildings are obtained by image data obtained by imaging a plurality of other buildings including the specific building by the imaging unit. The height ratio on the image is obtained, the distance between the survey point and each other building is obtained from the position data of the survey point and the position data of each other building, the distance between these survey points and each other building, Calculating means for calculating the height of the other building based on the obtained height data of the specific building and the ratio of the height of the specific building on the image to the height of the other building on the image; Building height surveying device. 5. An image display means, wherein the calculating means adds a height data of the specific building and other buildings to the data of the geographic information system to form a three-dimensional image file, and based on the file, The building height surveying device according to claim 4, wherein the three-dimensional landscape image data of the specific building and the other buildings is formed by using the image display means, and the data is output to the image display means and displayed. 6. A first wide-area positioning system is installed at a surveying point, a second wide-area positioning system is installed at a vertex of a specific building, and position data of the surveying point is measured by the first wide-area positioning system, and the specific building is measured. The building height surveying device according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the position data is measured by the second wide-area positioning system. 7. The calculating means calculates position data of a surveying point,
The building height surveying apparatus according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the surveying point is obtained by designating the geographic information system, and the position data of the specific building is obtained by designating the specific building in the geographic information system.