JP2001124490A - Heat exchanger and cooling system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To contrive the maintenance of the quality of an engine cooling system or a heat exchanger, the delivery in a short term, and the reduction of cost, by simplifying the manufacture of a custom-made heat exchanger for a construction machine or the like of diversified small-quantity production. SOLUTION: A cooling system can be erected even if the user does not design custom-made heat exchangers, by the types of machines, by preparing unit heat exchangers 5 in advance, and combining unit heat exchangers 5, according to the required conditions of heat exchange or the individual dimensions, or providing one heat exchanger with plural refrigerant systems. Individual unit heat exchangers 5 are provided in advance with mounts 6 for positioning, and an indispensable minimum number of unit heat exchangers 5 are selected, and they are attached to a frame member such as a side plate 7 or the like. They are connected to a refrigerant pipe 8 by pipe joints such as couplers. Heat exchangers geared to various heat exchange conditions can be manufactured, so the above theme is solved, and an efficient cooling system can be made.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a heat exchanger and a cooling system, and more particularly to a heat exchanger and a cooling system suitable for an engine room of a construction machine, an agricultural machine, a power generator, and the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in a cooling system installed in an engine room of a construction machine or the like, individual heat exchangers such as an intercooler, an air conditioner radiator, an oil cooler, and a radiator are provided with respect to the flow of air in the body. They are installed in series or parallel in a direction almost perpendicular to each other.

[0003] A propeller fan connected to an engine crankshaft via a fan belt supplies cooling air to each of the above-mentioned heat exchangers as an extra-tube refrigerant. The vessels have been individually designed for models with different engine capacities and working capacities.

In the design of these heat exchangers, tubes and fins are overlapped as necessary to satisfy the heat radiation amount according to the heat exchange conditions, and the heat exchangers are individually combined with headers designed for each model. A common method is to configure and supply a refrigerant through a refrigerant inlet / outlet in a pipe.

A heat exchanger for simultaneously exchanging different heat exchange media has been used mainly in the field of automobiles, and has a large production scale as described in, for example, JP-A-8-219662. For the reason, the heat exchange elements such as the refrigerant tube and the radiation fins are the same, but the heat exchanger itself configured in the casing such as the case has a configuration limited to only certain models. Has become.

[0006]

In the conventional cooling system described above, even if the heat exchanger is constituted by a combination of unit elements such as tubes and fins,
The overall configuration of the heat exchanger was fixed to only a certain model. This is suitable as a heat exchanger for use in mass-produced products such as automobiles.

However, for example, engine room cooling such as construction machines, agricultural machines, power generators, etc., in which a relatively large variety of small-quantity production or one-item production is performed, and in which the dimensions of the airframe building and heat exchange conditions are different for each model. In order to use the heat exchanger in the system, it is necessary to use a heat exchanger manufactured individually for each model, and therefore, there is a problem that the design and manufacturing costs are increased.

Further, these specially manufactured heat exchangers are relatively large, and are likely to be deformed by manually brazing a large number of heat transfer tubes and radiating fins.
Therefore, there has been a problem that it is difficult to manufacture a highly accurate product and the yield of the product is poor.

[0009] The heat exchangers of these machines and devices are:
Since it is individually designed and manufactured according to heat exchange conditions after receiving an order, it took a long time to deliver the product, and the production efficiency was extremely poor.

An object of the present invention is to simplify the manufacture of various heat exchangers having different heat exchange conditions.

[0011]

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a unit heat exchanger unitized in advance and prepares a heat exchange condition for each body such as a construction machine and a power generation device. The heat exchanger is constructed by combining the unit heat exchangers according to the dimensions of the building where the engine room is installed, or the heat exchange capacity, and is divided into a plurality of types of in-pipe refrigerant systems. Can be shared by a plurality of unit heat exchangers, so that a heat exchanger and a cooling system corresponding to a machine body of various kinds and small-quantity production can be provided.

That is, the heat exchanger of the present invention comprises headers at both ends of a plurality of heat transfer tubes, and a plurality of unit heat exchangers each having a connection portion with a refrigerant pipe in the header via a connecting member. They are juxtaposed.

Further, the cooling system of the present invention has headers at both ends of a plurality of heat transfer tubes, and constitutes a heat exchanger by arranging unitized unit heat exchangers in parallel via a connecting member. The heat exchanger is arranged on a surface substantially perpendicular to the main flow direction of the extrapipe refrigerant in the engine room.

According to the present invention, it is possible to cope with various kinds of heat exchangers having different heat exchange conditions by simply combining the unit heat exchangers according to the heat exchange conditions in the production of various kinds of small-scale products such as construction machines. , Making it very simple.
Therefore, the design and manufacturing costs are low, the product accuracy can be maintained at high accuracy, and the product can be delivered in a short time.

[0015]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a basic diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention, in which an extra-tube refrigerant (for example, air) is used.
(A) shows a unit heat exchanger as a unit unit, and FIG. (B) shows an example of the entire configuration of a heat exchanger combining unit heat exchangers. FIG.

As shown in FIG. 1, in the cooling system of the present invention, a unit heat exchanger 5 is prepared in advance, and a plurality of the unit heat exchangers are arranged in parallel to form one heat exchanger. Each unit heat exchanger 5 is provided with a mounting portion 6 for positioning in advance.

When the heat exchange conditions for radiating heat in the heat exchanger are determined, the minimum number of unit heat exchangers 5 necessary to satisfy the heat exchange conditions are selected, and the mounting portion 6 is attached to a frame member such as the side plate 7. The unit heat exchanger 5 is attached via.

A pipe joint such as a coupler 9 connects between the pipe 8 from which the refrigerant in the pipe is supplied to the heat exchanger and flows out after the heat exchange, and the unit heat exchanger 5. The distance between the coupler 8 on the pipe 8 side and the coupler 9 on the unit heat exchanger 9 side is not particularly limited as long as it can be connected without extremely increasing the pressure loss of the refrigerant in the pipe. In addition, it is convenient to incorporate the refrigerant pipes 8 connected to the individual unit heat exchangers 5 into the frame member 7 in advance.

The shape of the coupler 9 is preferably such that the pipe on the pipe side is closed so that the refrigerant does not leak when the coupler is removed. By using such a coupler 9 and the end shape of the pipe, only the heat exchanger can be freely removed at the time of maintenance without once extracting the refrigerant to the outside.

In FIG. 1, the position of the coupler 9 on the unit heat exchanger 5 side is set to the left and right surfaces of the unit heat exchanger 5.
In the case where the flow of the refrigerant outside the tube and the trouble at the time of installation in the engine room do not occur, for example, there is no problem even if it is provided on the surface viewed from the front in FIG. This is the same for the position of the mounting portion 6.

Although the unit heat exchangers 5 are shown in a row for one heat exchanger, the size of the single-element heat exchanger 5 in the left-right direction and the size of the engine room in FIG. Depending on the requirements and the required heat exchange conditions, a structure in which such rows are arranged right and left may be used.

In FIG. 1, the unit heat exchanger 5 also has four tubes 1 and three fins 2. When these units are combined, the tubes 1 are in contact with the unit heat exchanger 5 as if they were fins. Although it is written so as to be in contact with no intervening unit 2, the structure of the unit heat exchanger is not limited to the example shown in FIG.

Therefore, for example, one of the tubes shown in FIG. 1 may be a member having a structure through which the refrigerant does not flow, or the cross-sectional area of the tubes 1 at both ends may be reduced to about 1 times the cross-sectional area of the inner tube 1. By setting the ratio to / 2, the flow rate of the in-pipe refrigerant flowing through the individual tubes 1 and the fin area adjacent thereto may be made substantially equal.

As described above, the unit heat exchangers 5 having a fixed heat exchange capacity are prepared in advance, and a plurality of the unit heat exchangers 5 are combined to form one heat exchanger, so that various heat exchange conditions having different heat exchange conditions are obtained. With respect to the fuselage, there is no need to separately manufacture heat exchangers, and heat exchangers with maintained accuracy can be delivered in a short time. Also, design and development costs can be reduced.

FIG. 2 is a side view of another example of the combination of the unit heat exchangers according to the present invention, in which the heat exchanger is viewed from a direction substantially orthogonal to the out-of-tube refrigerant flow. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the unit heat exchanger 5 is fixed to one side plate 7 on one side plate 7 by means of a screw or the like via a mounting portion 6. Are collectively configured as one heat exchanger, but in this case, the side plates 7 must be separately provided for each model, that is, according to the number of unit heat exchangers.

However, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, only the adjacent unit heat exchangers 5 are fixed via the plate 7a. That is, the frame members 10 are prepared for the unit heat exchangers 5 as needed, and during assembly,
These are fixed using the unit plate 7a and the screws 11 to form a heat exchanger.

According to this method, the plate 7a and the member 10
And the like can be used in the same shape, so that one heat exchanger can be made by combining the unit elements, and the cost can be reduced. Needless to say, in order to increase the rigidity, the frame member 10 preferably has a column or a wall-shaped structure that receives a stress also in a plane direction parallel to FIG.

Next, an example of a method of connecting the unit heat exchanger 5 and the pipe 8 according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG.
In the embodiment shown in (1), it is assumed that the pipe joint connecting the unit heat exchanger 5 and the pipe 8 is a coupler 9, and when the coupler is removed, the end structure of the pipe is processed so that refrigerant in the pipe does not leak. However, there are cases where an actual joint cannot be used except for a normal pipe joint.

In this case, as shown in FIG. 3, a shutoff valve 13 is installed between the pipe 8 and the joint 12 or between at least one of the joint 12 and the unit heat exchanger 5 so as to maintain the unit heat during maintenance. When the exchanger 5 is removed outside, the shut-off valve 13 is closed and opened when the engine is cooled, so that the unit heat exchanger can be removed with almost no liquid leakage.

Further, by providing the outlet 14 for the refrigerant in the pipe on the unit heat exchanger 5 side, the weight of the unit heat exchanger 5 at the time of removal is reduced, while the refrigerant of the entire cooling system is supplied to the shut-off valve 13. By closing, the entire configuration of the unit heat exchanger 5 or the heat exchanger mounting the same can be removed to the outside without leaking to the outside.

As shown in FIG. 4, substantially the same effect can be obtained by installing a shut-off valve 13 near the pipe refrigerant inlet / outlet of the pipe 8 and providing a pipe refrigerant outlet 14 at the bottom of the pipe 8. Can be obtained.

Next, an example of a method of taking out the heat exchanger 15 to the outside of the machine body 16 at the time of maintenance or the like will be described with reference to FIG. Needless to say, the actual extracting method should not necessarily be limited to the method shown in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 5, as a moving means which can move in a plane substantially perpendicular to the main flow direction of the extra-tube refrigerant, for example, a heat exchanger 15 is mounted on a carriage 17 and is moved on a guide rail 18. To be implemented. Although it is not visible from the direction of the figure,
The guide rail 18 has a structure such that a part thereof can be extended to the outside through the opening and closing part of the body 16.

At the time of maintenance, the shutoff valve 13 of the pipe 8 is closed, a portion of the bogie 17 on the side of the heat exchanger 15 is cut off from the pipe joint 12, and the bogie 17 is connected to the guide rail 18.
By taking it out of the machine body 16 such as a machine / device along the line, maintenance and cleaning can be easily performed. In addition, a column or hook can be further taken out from a part of the extended guide rail 18 and attached to the body 16 to support the weight of the heat exchanger 15.

FIG. 6 shows another embodiment of the present invention. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the description has been made as if the in-pipe refrigerant is one type. However, when the heat exchanger 15 is shared by a plurality of unit heat exchangers 5, one heat exchanger 1
A plurality of types of in-pipe refrigerants can flow through the unit heat exchangers 5 sharing the same 5.

FIG. 6 shows the above configuration. FIG. 6 shows a case where there are two types of in-pipe refrigerants sharing the heat exchanger 15 and two unit heat exchangers 5 corresponding to each in-pipe refrigerant.

The type of the refrigerant in the pipe and the number of the unit heat exchangers 5 depend on the dimensions of the machine body 16, the dimensions of the heat exchangers 15 and the unit heat exchangers 5 and the individual heat exchange conditions. Since it is determined, the number need not be limited to the number shown in FIG.

The dimensions such as the cross-sectional area of the tube 1 of the unit heat exchanger 5, the area of the fins 2, and the respective pitches are as follows.
If the dimensions when assembled as the unit heat exchanger 5 are uniform, it can be changed according to the type of the refrigerant in the tube.

FIG. 7 shows an example of application of the cooling system of the present invention, showing an example of a mounting position of a heat exchanger in a main stream direction of an extra-tube refrigerant in an engine room of a construction machine. Note that a portion downstream of the fan in the engine room is omitted.

As shown in FIG. 7, in the present invention, by combining the unit heat exchangers 5, it is possible to construct a cooling system without necessarily having a one-to-one correspondence between the type of the refrigerant in the pipe and the type of the heat exchanger. Can be.

That is, the intercooler 19, the condenser 20 for the air conditioner, the oil cooler 21, the radiator 22
In addition to the above, a heat exchanger 15 in which the unit heat exchangers 5 according to the present invention are combined is appropriately disposed as necessary.

As a result, for example, it is possible to selectively provide a gap at an arbitrary position of the heat exchanger corresponding to one pipe refrigerant and supply the cold cooling air 23 to the downstream heat exchanger. The heat radiation performance of the entire cooling system can be freely designed. Note that the various types of heat exchangers shown in FIG. 7 are merely examples.

FIG. 8 shows a reference example of the mounting position in the engine room of the construction machine as a reference of the mounting example (FIG. 7). In the engine room of the construction machine, the heat exchanger independently manufactured according to the type of the refrigerant in each pipe, that is, the intercooler 19, the air conditioner condenser 20, the oil cooler 21, the radiator 22, etc. The cooling air 23 is mounted in parallel or in series with the flow of the cooling air 23.

In this reference example, since the dimensions of the individual heat exchangers are also different, a gap is formed between the individual heat exchangers or between the heat exchanger and the machine body 16, and the heat exchangers on the downstream side are connected to the heat exchangers on the downstream side. It is difficult to design the distribution of the incoming cooling air 23, or the cooling air 23, which has been heated by exchanging heat with the upstream heat exchanger, flows into the position where the low-temperature cooling air 23 should enter, and There was a possibility that the performance was significantly reduced as compared with the time of the single performance measurement.

FIG. 9 shows a reference example of the heat exchanger.
1 shows an example of a heat exchanger installed in an engine room of a construction machine. As shown in the figure, the tubes 1 and the fins 2 are overlapped as necessary to satisfy the heat radiation amount, and combined with the headers 3 designed for each model to constitute a heat exchanger. Supply and discharge refrigerant.

There are many types of construction machines, agricultural machines, power generators, etc., corresponding to various functions.
Demand for each model is small. In the reference example shown in FIG.
For each model of high-mix low-volume production, there is complexity in designing / manufacturing or developing, and quality also varies every time.

As described above, according to the embodiment of the present invention, it is not necessary to individually design and manufacture heat exchangers for models having different heat exchange conditions. For this reason, the accuracy is maintained particularly when the heat exchange conditions are different, or when different heat exchangers are integrated into a composite heat exchanger, particularly in construction machines and power generators that are produced in various types and in small quantities. A heat exchanger can be easily manufactured. In addition, delivery time can be shortened, and new design and development are not required.

As described above, according to the present invention, heat exchangers corresponding to various models having different heat exchange conditions can be easily manufactured by devising a unitized heat exchanger unitized. In addition, quality can be maintained with high accuracy, product delivery time can be shortened, design flexibility can be increased, and costs can be reduced.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front configuration diagram showing a basic embodiment of a heat exchanger of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side sectional view showing another embodiment of the heat exchanger of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a front view showing an example of a pipe connection method according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a front view showing another example of the pipe connection method according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a front view showing an example of a method of mounting the heat exchanger of the present invention on an airframe.

FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram illustrating an example in which a plurality of types of refrigerant systems are provided in one heat exchanger according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of an arrangement of heat exchangers in an engine room of a construction machine in the cooling system of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a reference example of a heat exchanger arrangement in an engine room of a construction machine.

FIG. 9 is a configuration diagram of a reference example of a heat exchanger.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Tube 2 Fin 3 Header 4 Refrigerant inlet / outlet 5 Unit heat exchanger 6 Attachment part 7 Side plate 7a Plate 8 Piping 9 Coupler 10 Skeleton member 11 Screw 12 Pipe joint 13 Cutoff valve 14 Refrigerant outlet in pipe 15 Heat exchanger 16 Airframe 17 Heat exchanger moving means 18 Guide rail 19 Intercooler 20 Condenser for air conditioner 21 Oil cooler 22 Radiator 23 Cooling air 24 Gap 25 Fan

 ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Kazunori Nakamura 650, Kandamachi, Tsuchiura-shi, Ibaraki Hitachi Construction Machinery Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Seiichiro Takeshita 650, Kandamachi, Tsuchiura-shi, Ibaraki Hitachi Construction Machinery Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor: Shigehisa Funabashi 502, Kandate-cho, Tsuchiura-shi, Ibaraki Pref. Machinery Research Laboratories, Hitachi, Ltd. (72) Inventor: Osamu Sekiguchi 502, Kandate-cho, Tsuchiura-shi, Ibaraki Pref. In-house F term (reference) 3L065 FA19

Claims (10)

[Claims] A plurality of heat transfer tubes having headers at both ends thereof;
A heat exchanger in which a plurality of unit heat exchangers each having a connection portion with a refrigerant pipe in the header are arranged in parallel via a connecting member. 2. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the connecting member connects a plurality of unit heat exchangers collectively. 3. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the connecting member connects only adjacent unit heat exchangers. 4. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the connecting member includes the refrigerant pipe. 5. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the connection member includes different types of refrigerant pipes for each unit heat exchanger. 6. A connection part between the header and the refrigerant pipe is provided with a detachable coupler.
The heat exchanger according to any one of the above. 7. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein a leak preventing means for preventing leakage of the refrigerant in the pipe at the time of desorption is provided at a connection between the header and the refrigerant pipe. . 8. A plurality of heat transfer tubes having headers at both ends thereof,
The unitized unit heat exchangers constitute a heat exchanger by juxtaposing them via a connecting member, and the heat exchanger comprises:
A cooling system that is arranged on a surface that is substantially perpendicular to the main flow direction of the extrapipe refrigerant in the engine room. 9. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the heat exchanger is constituted by the heat exchanger according to claim 1.
A cooling system according to claim 1. 10. The cooling system according to claim 8, wherein the heat exchanger is disposed in an engine room of one of a construction machine, an agricultural machine, and a power generator.